Digital Commons Network^™

Johnson V. M’Intosh: 200 Years Of Racism That Runs With The Land, Sheila Simon

Southern Illinois University Law Journal

The United States Supreme Court case of Johnson v. M’Intosh is a foundation of property law in the United States. It established the United States government as the only possible buyer of land from people native to the continent. As the only possible buyer, the United States government had the power to negotiate a low purchase price. The bargain basement purchases are at the root of title for most of the property in the western half of the country. The case also forms an early and critical component of many property law textbooks. The case can be used to introduce …

Resistance To Mild Cold Stress Is Greater In Both Wild-Type And Long-Lived Ghr-Ko Female Mice., Yimin Fang, David Medina, Robert Stockwell, Samuel Mcfadden, Erin R Hascup, Kevin N Hascup, Andrzej Bartke

Articles

Adapting to stress, including cold environmental temperature (eT), is crucial for the survival of mammals, especially small rodents. Long-lived mutant mice have enhanced stress resistance against oxidative and non-oxidative challenges. However, much less is known about the response of those long-lived mice to cold stress. Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHR-KO) mice are long-lived with reduced growth hormone signaling. We wanted to test whether GHR-KO mice have enhanced resistance to cold stress. To examine the response of GHR-KO mice to cold eT, GHR-KO mice were housed at mild cold eT (16 °C) immediately following weaning. Longevity results showed that female GHR-KO …

Esg Is Fiduciary Duty, Katherine Held

Honors Theses

This Thesis defends the validity of ESG Investing (Environmental, Social, Governance Investing) as an advisor’s fiduciary responsibility. The financial industry is increasingly including ESG considerations when calculating the intrinsic value of a stock. In opposition to this valuation trend, nineteen state attorney generals (Nineteen) have attacked ESG, challenging its legality by claiming that it violates state and federal law and the fiduciary responsibilities that hold investment advisors accountable to their clients. After identifying key elements of fiduciary responsibility that are being ignored by the Nineteen’s position, several key and relevant United States statutes are reviewed and applied to their argument. …

Spatial Response Of Bobcats And Coyotes To Resources And Human Modification In Illinois, Nicole Gorman

Theses

Mesocarnivores, including bobcats (Lynx rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans), fill a unique ecological role throughout much of North America, where they were once influenced by larger predators, but are now the top predators where large carnivores have been extirpated. Their adaptability, generalist traits, and ability to coexist with humans to a greater extent than many species makes them an important subject for current predator research. In addition, their recent population recovery in the case of bobcats and historical range expansion in the case of coyotes make their study timely given a potential increase in their influence on their prey and …

Tracing The Roots Of Resistance, Collective Action And Solidarity Among Igbo Women, Sebastian Ukoh

Theses

Most societies have always achieved balance through some internal mechanisms. Achieving gender balance and drawing lines without letting what we may term the "stronger sex" domineer the "weaker sex" is not always easy. Among the Igbos of South Eastern Nigeria, the women have always pressed home their demands without fear. We will be looking at how they have done this for more than a century, especially at the onset of the British colonial enterprise.

Chronic, Mild Hypothermic Environmental Temperature Does Not Ameliorate Cognitive Deficits In An Alzheimer's Disease Mouse., Samuel Mcfadden, Lindsey N Sime, Makayla F. Cox, Caleigh A Findley, Mackenzie R Peck, Kathleen Quinn, Yimin Fang, Andrzej Bartke, Erin R Hascup, Kevin N Hascup

Articles

Metabolic dysfunction increases with age and is a contributing factor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. We have previously observed impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in the APP/PS1 model of AD. To improve these parameters, we chronically exposed male and female mice to mild hypothermic environmental temperature (eT), which positively modulates metabolism. Although a hypothermic eT normalized insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance was still impaired in both sexes of AD mice. We observed increased plasma glucagon and BAFF in both sexes, but additional sexually dimorphic mechanisms may explain the impaired glucose homeostasis in AD mice. Hepatic Glut2 was decreased in female …

Supplements To Reduce Methane Production In Ruminant Animals, Abdulaziz Almaghrabi

Research Papers

Changes in the climate continue to be one of the world's most pressing issues. The accumulation methane (CH4) in the atmosphere is a major driver of these changes. Ruminant animals have been identified as substantial contributors to CH4 emissions. This assertion is supported by the fact that ruminant animals have a unique digestive tract that allows them to digest complex polysaccharides by the action of microbes in their rumen. During the microbial digestion (fermentation) of dietary polysaccharides, CH4 is produced as a byproduct of the process. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze this issue, highlight how ruminants contribute to this …

Characterization Of Preantral Follicle Clustering And Neighborhood Patterns In The Equine Ovary., Kendall A Hyde, Francisco L N Aguiar, Paula B Alvarenga, Amanda L Rezende, Benner G Alves, Kele A Alves, Gustavo D A Gastal, Melba O Gastal, Eduardo L Gastal

Peer-reviewed Articles

Understanding the transition from quiescent primordial follicles to activated primary follicles is vital for characterizing ovarian folliculogenesis and improving assisted reproductive techniques. To date, no study has investigated preantral follicle crowding in the ovaries of livestock or characterized these crowds according to follicular morphology and ovarian location (portions and regions) in any species. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the crowding (clustering and neighborhood) patterns of preantral follicles in the equine ovary according to mare age, follicular morphology and developmental stage, and spatial location in the ovary. Ovaries from mares (n = 8) were collected at an abattoir and …

Medical Martial Law: Towards A More Effective Pandemic Policy, John W. Bagby, Robert J. Aalberts, Chad G. Marzen

Southern Illinois University Law Journal

This article synthesizes the political-economic geography regime with existing political subdivision modeling to predict the legitimacy of various authorities that might order Medical Martial Law. Such “districting” authority, as limited by the Constitutional right to travel, reveals a range of authorities to declare and enforce remediation of emergencies under various legal frameworks within defined geographic areas. The primary interdisciplinary approach used here is public policy, political economy and economic geography. We demonstrate how the latter contributes greatly. First, the science of spatial understanding is offered by physical geographers for the physical barriers that shape political borders and may define contagion …

Reflections On The Adaptation Of A Postgraduate Degree In Water Management From In-Person To Remote Delivery, Murray Clamen, Emma Anderson, Johanna Dipple, Jan Adamowski

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic spurred the rapid adaptation of university course delivery to an online format. Though in-person delivery partially resumed in the Fall of 2021, future conditions may favor a return to, or addition of, remote delivery. It is therefore important for instructors, program directors, and institutions to capitalize on this learning opportunity and reflect on adaptation measures’ successes (and failures) to inform future online course design. The reworking of McGill University's Master of Science Program in Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) provides a case study to evaluate the adaptation of remote teaching of water resource management. …

Total Maximum Daily Loads And Escherichia Coli Trends In Texas Freshwater Streams, Michael Schramm, Anna Gitter, Lucas Gregory

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

Fecal indicator bacteria are routinely used to assess surface water sanitary quality. The State of Texas uses Total Maximum Daily Loads to address water bodies that exceed the allowable fecal indicator bacteria criteria. The effectiveness of these processes in decreasing the fecal indicator bacteria concentrations has been debated due to the diversity and nature of fecal indicator bacteria sources. We assessed actual and flow-adjusted trends in measured Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations at 721 freshwater stream sites from 2001 through 2021. We also compared odds of statistical improvement of E. coli concentrations at sites before and after the adoption of …

Friend Or Foe? Defining The Role Of Glutamate In Aging And Alzheimer’S Disease, Makayla F. Cox, Erin R. Hascup, Andrzej Bartke, Kevin Hascup

Articles

Aging is a naturally occurring decline of physiological processes and biological pathways that affects both the structural and functional integrity of the body and brain. These physiological changes reduce motor skills, executive function, memory recall, and processing speeds. Aging is also a major risk factor for multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Identifying a biomarker, or biomarkers, that signals the transition from physiological to pathological aging would aid in earlier therapeutic options or interventional strategies. Considering the importance of glutamate signaling in synaptic plasticity, motor movement, and cognition, this neurotransmitter serves as a juncture between cognitive health and disease. …

Preantral Follicle Population And Distribution In The Horse Ovary., Kendall A Hyde, Francisco L N Aguiar, Benner G Alves, Kele A Alves, Gustavo D A Gastal, Melba O Gastal, Eduardo L Gastal

Peer-reviewed Articles

Characterization of the ovarian preantral follicle population is a necessary step to improve understanding of folliculogenesis and ovarian physiology. Therefore, in the present study, the preantral follicle population in the equine ovary in young and old mares was investigated according to follicular morphology, follicular class, distance from the geometric center using ovarian maps, and follicular density within ovarian portions (lateral vs intermediary) and regions (dorsal vs ventral). Ovaries were collected from an abattoir and histologically processed for evaluation, and the follicle population was calculated. Overall, in the current detailed study, a higher preantral follicle population per mare ovary (mean: 82,206 …

Selected Works To Demonstrate The Expanded Range And Technical Demand Of The Saxophone, David Alonso-Otero

Research Papers

The purpose of this research paper is to present a selection of different compositions for the saxophone by a group of composers from different countries, musical backgrounds, and compositional styles. In addition, the author chose different compositions that reflect a timeline that begins with the early style compositions for the saxophone and progresses to more modern. These five works were performed at a graduate recital on February 26, 2022. This document contains biographical, historical, analytic information, and performance considerations to influence a better performance of any of these five pieces. The compositions discussed in this document are: Sonatine pour Saxophone …

Growth Hormone Signaling Shapes The Impact Of Environmental Temperature On Transcriptomic Profile Of Different Adipose Tissue Depots In Male Mice., Augusto Schneider, Berta Victoria, Maria Isabel Schiavon Cousen, Yimin Fang, Samuel Mcfadden, Justin Darcy, Adam Gesing, Erin R Hascup, Kevin N Hascup, Andrzej Bartke, Michal M Masternak

Articles

Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice are smaller, long living, and have an increased metabolic rate compared with normal (N) littermates. However, it is known that thermoneutral conditions (30-32°C) elicit metabolic adaptations in mice, increasing the metabolic rate. Therefore, we hypothesized that environmental temperature would affect the expression profile of different adipose tissue depots in GHRKO mice. For this, N (n = 12) and GHRKO (n = 11) male mice were maintained at 23 or 30°C from weaning until 11 months of age. RNA sequencing from adipose tissue depots (epididymal-eWAT, perirenal-pWAT, subcutaneous-sWAT, and brown fat-BAT) was performed. Thermoneutrality increased body …

Growth Hormone Signaling Shapes The Impact Of Environmental Temperature On Transcriptomic Profile Of Different Adipose Tissue Depots In Male Mice., Augusto Schneider, Berta Victoria, Maria Isabel Schiavon Cousen, Yimin Fang, Samuel Mcfadden, Justin Darcy, Adam Gesing, Erin R Hascup, Kevin N Hascup, Andrzej Bartke, Michal M Masternak

Articles

Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice are smaller, long living, and have an increased metabolic rate compared with normal (N) littermates. However, it is known that thermoneutral conditions (30-32°C) elicit metabolic adaptations in mice, increasing the metabolic rate. Therefore, we hypothesized that environmental temperature would affect the expression profile of different adipose tissue depots in GHRKO mice. For this, N (n = 12) and GHRKO (n = 11) male mice were maintained at 23 or 30°C from weaning until 11 months of age. RNA sequencing from adipose tissue depots (epididymal-eWAT, perirenal-pWAT, subcutaneous-sWAT, and brown fat-BAT) was performed. Thermoneutrality increased body …

Gcms, Lcms And Hs-Spme/Gcms Methods To Detect Adulteration Of Argan Oil., Afeez Ayodeji Olisa

Theses

Methods for identifying argan oil adulteration have become important due to the exponential increase in the use of argan oil in food and cosmetics products over the years. Argan is the most expensive vegetable oil, has a tedious extraction process and is endemic to Morocco. This paper focuses on identifying markers that can be used to identify adulteration of argan oil with cheaper vegetable oils. Authentic argan oil from Morocco, commercially available argan oil, adulterant oil (sunflower and olive oil) and admixtures of argan oil with each adulterant oil at 98:2, 95:5, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60 v/v …

Effects Of Fire On Vegetation Of The Black Oak Sand Savannas Of Kankakee Sands From 2002-2020, Megan Alkazoff

Theses

Many plant and animal species rely on tallgrass prairie and sand savanna ecosystems that once covered much of northern to central Illinois but are now fragmented landscapes across the Midwest. In northeastern Illinois, The Nature Conservancy manages five sites containing fragments of remaining tallgrass prairie and sand savanna within the Kankakee Sands section of Illinois using techniques such as prescribed burning and invasive species removal. The objective of this study was to conduct an eighteen-year resampling of the ground flora to assess management impacts on species composition and conservation status. Permanent transect lines were resampled using a 1m² quadrat to …

Density Functional Theory Studies Of Fermi Resonance In Small Aryl Azide Vibrational Probes, Gammanage Sathya Madhuwanthi Perera

Theses

Site-specific study of the protein using time-resolved IR spectroscopy with the assistance of vibrational probes (VPs) has been the most promising research discipline. However, azide VPs that are absorbed within the protein transparent window generate a complex absorption profile due to Fermi resonance (FR). In the current study, the azide absorption profiles of three aryl-azide compounds: 4-azidotoluene, 4-azido-N-phenylmaleimide, and 4-azidoacetanilide have been explored with basis set effect, solvent effect, intramolecular effect, and the effect of rotational isomerism. Basis set effect was studied using seven basis sets namely: 6-31G(d,p), 6-31+G(d,p), 6-31++G(d,p), 6-311G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p), 6-311++G(d,p) and 6-311++G(df,pd) with DFT/B3LYP. Geometry optimization and …

A Choral Conductor's Study, Rehearsal, And Performance Guide To Selected Pieces By Brahms, Josquin, Källman, Mozart, Nystedt, And Purcell, Amanda Massengill

Research Papers

This document is an overview of the research and rehearsal considerations made in preparation for works programmed on a choral conducting recital. The pieces on the program are: Josquin’s El Grillo, Purcell’s “Man That Is Born of a Woman,” Mozart’s Te Deum Laudamus, Brahms’ “Sehnsucht,” Källman’s Peze Kafé, and Nystedt’s “Peace I Leave With You.” The program is ultimately a chronology spanning from the Baroque era into the Modern era. When selecting these pieces, it was of high importance to locate works that both showcased the nuances of each major musical time period and combined to form …

The Role Of Environmental Racism In Federal Handling Of Toxic Waste Sites Near Communities Of Color: How Are Journalists Covering These Issues? Case Study: Northeast Carbondale, Illinois, Clarissa Cowley

Research Papers

Toxic waste sites in the United States of America disproportionately impact low-income communities of color amid an reckoning in news reporting on environment and race. These communities have historically received questionable attention, treatment and communication from government agencies and offices, and journalists concerning hazardous pollution near their homes. This creative multimedia work uses in-depth investigative reporting presented on a digital platform to amplify the voices prominent in Northeast Carbondale, Il. The article series featured in the work explores examples of environmental pollution, contamination and racial injustice. These stories explain how and why cases such as this can happen over extended …

Introduction To Composting General Composting For High School Agricultural Classes, Brett Wilson

Research Papers

No abstract provided.

Patriotic Media And The Consequences Of Nationalism, Nicholas Knappenburger

Research Papers

The topic of this paper will be patriotic media (specifically American blockbuster movies) that propagate the narrative of inherent goodness in the United States, its armed forces, and its foreign policy. Through examination of texts on nationalism, propaganda, and its influence on the twentieth century, I aim to draw parallels to modern-day patriotism in the media. The goal being to discover if the patriotic media the American populace consumes is making them more supportive of the American armed forces and our international impact. I will also examine what factors found in patriotic media are elements most likely to cause this …

Gamification Via App-Based Rewards Systems: Behavioral Changes And Effects On User Interactions, Eric Michael Halfacre

Research Papers

User retention and consistent engagement can be difficult with many applications vying for our limited time and attention. Finding innovative ways to draw in new users while appealing to current users also causes many developmental and marketing hurdles. Incorporating games, especially for those who have grown up with a controller in their hands, can be an incentive to gamify activities that award users just for participating. These processes can incentivize and reinforce participatory habits to better the users' lives or can also be a detriment with unforeseen effects.

This research aims to analyze and assess game-based systems used to change …

Weather Impact On Milk Production In Texas And Pennsylvania, Grant Snow

Research Papers

The dairy subsector of agriculture is the fourth largest subsector in agriculture (Qi et al., 2015). The annual loss due to heat stress in the livestock industry is estimated around $1.69-$2.36 billion with the dairy industry incurring around $879-$1500 million of those losses (St-Pierre et al., 2003). This loss can grow and become more of an issue as climate change and its effects becomes a more noticeable and prevalent problem in agriculture. This thesis will examine the effects of weather on the dairy production as well as examine the dairy industry in two different states, Texas and Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania being …

The All-American Christ, Mark St George

Research Papers

My research identifies the mythogenesis of the myth-hero, the All-American Christ. This figure is realized through motion pictures by fusing together the ideological strains of Judeo-Christian vicarious redemption, Biblical American Exceptionalism, and conservative, Muscular Christianity. Using the methodologies of historical criticism and American studies, I argue that the construction of this conservative myth represents a militant manifestation of theocratic media, and is evangelized in the 1971 Christ film, The Omega Man, starring Charlton Heston.

The Full Monty: Analyzing The Constitutionality Of Ordinances That Only Punish Women For Being Topless In Public, Max Birmingham

Southern Illinois University Law Journal

Public female-only topless bans are constitutional, as most courts have upheld. This Article addresses two concerns surrounding the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment: First, whether an ordinance expressly punishing women—but not men—for being topless in public violates the Equal Protection Clause; and second, whether an ordinance targeting women and criminalizing exposure of “the female breast” is unconstitutional.

The Equal Protection Clause makes no distinction between classifications (sex, race, ancestry, alienage, inter alia) and other discriminatory practices. Nor does the text require equal treatment or equal rights. Rather, it requires equality only in the “protection of the laws.” Female …

“Wolves And Grizzlies And Bears, Oh My!”: Exploring Historical And Contemporary Contexts For Justice Kennedy’S Founding Era Application Of The Personal Right To Bear Arms, Mark W. Smith

Southern Illinois University Law Journal

This article focuses attention on an oft-neglected dimension of the individual right to bear arms enshrined in the Second Amendment: the right to self-defense against animals. Although the right to self-defense against criminals and resistance to tyranny have been heavily analyzed as a foundational concern in forming the Second Amendment right, the Amendment’s role in protecting people, livestock and crops from animal attacks has been given short shrift. But many of the same concerns that motivated the Founders to keep their guns at the ready for protection from animals, though less in the public eye today, still exist in one …

Evidence For The Oxidation Of Earth’S Crust From The Evolution Of Manganese Minerals, Daniel R. Hummer, Joshua J. Golden, Grethe Hystad, Robert T. Downs, Ahmed Eleish, Chao Liu, Jolyon Ralph, Shaunna M. Morrison, Michael B. Meyer, Robert M. Hazen

Publications

Analysis of manganese mineral occurrences and valence states demonstrate oxidation of Earth’s crust through time. Changes in crustal redox state are critical to Earth’s evolution, but few methods exist for evaluating spatially averaged crustal redox state through time. Manganese (Mn) is a redox-sensitive metal whose variable oxidation states and abundance in crustal minerals make it a useful tracer of crustal oxidation. We find that the average oxidation state of crustal Mn occurrences has risen in the last 1 billion years in response to atmospheric oxygenation following a 66 ± 1 million-year time lag. We interpret this lag as the average …

Assessing Sex-Specific Circadian, Metabolic, And Cognitive Phenotypes In The Aβpp/Ps1 And Appnl-F/Nl-F Models Of Alzheimer's Disease., Jesse Britz, Emmanuel Ojo, Asmita Dhukhwa, Takashi Saito, Takaomi C Saido, Erin R Hascup, Kevin N Hascup, Shelley A Tischkau

Articles

BACKGROUND: Circadian disruption has long been recognized as a symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, emerging data suggests that circadian dysfunction occurs early on in disease development, potentially preceding any noticeable cognitive deficits.

OBJECTIVE: This study compares the onset of AD in male and female wild type (C57BL6/J), transgenic (AβPP/PS1), and knock-in (APPNL-F/NL-F) AD mouse models from the period of plaque initiation (6 months) through 12 months.

METHODS: Rhythmic daily activity patterns, glucose sensitivity, cognitive function (Morris water maze, MWM), and AD pathology (plaques formation) were assessed. A comparison was made across sexes.

RESULTS: Sex-dependent hyperactivity in AβPP/PS1 mice was …