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South Dakota State University

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Feeding Value Of Brown-Midrib Corn Silage For Lactating Dairy Cows, Joel Leigh Sommerfeldt Jan 1978

Feeding Value Of Brown-Midrib Corn Silage For Lactating Dairy Cows, Joel Leigh Sommerfeldt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A 14 wk lactation trial was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of brown-midrib (bm3) corn silage and its normal (N) genetic counterpart using ten Holstein cows per group averaging 6 wk post-partum at the start of the experiment. The cow were fed corn silage (bm3 or N) ad libitum, 2.25 kg alfalfa hay/hd and grain (1 kg/3 kg milk produced) dairy. The bm3 and N, respectively. Milk production for cows fed bm3 and N was 25.0 and 25.5 kg/day. Fat corrected milk and solids corrected milk were similar for both groups. A total collection …

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Reasons Why Cows Were Removed From The Sdsu Fairy Herd 1. Discriminant Analysis To Classify Cows With Or Without Reproductive Problems, Fred Tidemann Jan 1978

Reasons Why Cows Were Removed From The Sdsu Fairy Herd 1. Discriminant Analysis To Classify Cows With Or Without Reproductive Problems, Fred Tidemann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the keys to financial success in the dairy business is the ability of management to detect herd problems and correct them instead of culling cows. It is well known that the average productive life of the dairy cow is less than 4 yr, which is short compared with her potential life. Involuntary removal of cows causes economic loss directly as a result of its effect on yearly milk production, increased replacement cost, and indirectly because the potential selection differential is reduced with premature loss of high producing cows. The degree of culling is related to important economic considerations …

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An Evaluation Of High Protein Oat Forage For Dairy Cattle, Thomas Lee Schroeder Jan 1978

An Evaluation Of High Protein Oat Forage For Dairy Cattle, Thomas Lee Schroeder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As world population climbs toward the 6 billion mark predicted for the turn of the century, it becomes of grave importance that we meet the challenge of human food production. In developed nations, urban sprawl is devouring land once used for agricultural purposes, while in underdeveloped nations, malnutrition is commonplace. The technology of the 21st century will need to develop new methods and means whereby grains can be increasingly used to provide the nutritional needs of humans. Therefore, animal scientists must work toward even more efficient utilization of roughages by ruminant animals. Efficient conversion of roughages to high quality human …

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Rotaviral Enteritis In Gnotobiotic Pigs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study, Marcus W. Johnshoy Jan 1978

Rotaviral Enteritis In Gnotobiotic Pigs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study, Marcus W. Johnshoy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objectives of this study were: 1. To experimentally reproduce rotaviral diarrhea in gnotobiotic pigs. 2. To determine the appearance of the normal intestine by scanning electron and light microscopy. 3. To compare by scanning electron and light microscopy the appearance of segments from different areas of intestine and to determine the development, location, and severity of rotaviral lesions in gnotobiotic pigs.

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An Evaluation Of Protein Quality Of Kitt, Era And Rall Wheats By The Protein Efficiency Ratio Method, Lorna Jost Jan 1978

An Evaluation Of Protein Quality Of Kitt, Era And Rall Wheats By The Protein Efficiency Ratio Method, Lorna Jost

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Studies were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of three wheat cultivars produced at South Dakota State University. The three wheats were Kitt, Era and Rall. Crude protein analysis by the Kjeldahl method, amino acid content and a biological assay were conducted on all three wheat flours. Kjeldahl analysis yielded the following percentage proteins for Kitt, Era and Rall respectively; 18.1, 13.7, and 11.9. Lysine was the first limiting amino acid for rats in all three cultivars under investigation. Diets consisting of four protein levels of each wheat flour, four protein levels of casein control diet and one protein level …

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The Columnar Junipers Of Western North Dakota (An Investigation Into The Cause Of Their Columnarity), James M. Murphy Jan 1978

The Columnar Junipers Of Western North Dakota (An Investigation Into The Cause Of Their Columnarity), James M. Murphy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this report is to focus on the evaluation of the presence and amount of ethylene in the burning lignite fumes and to search for morphogenetic factors in the lignite at the Slope County site. The former was considered to be more important and was investigated more thoroughly.

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Listeria Monocytogenes In The Environment Of Livestock In South Dakota, James W. Neiles Jan 1978

Listeria Monocytogenes In The Environment Of Livestock In South Dakota, James W. Neiles

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this investigation is to study the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in the environment of livestock in South Dakota. The data accumulated from these studies will provide information as to its natural habitat, mode of transmission and factors responsible for its incidence.

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Methodology Development For The Study Of The Anaerobic Bacterial Flora Of Bovine Feces, Donald G. Kirsch Jan 1978

Methodology Development For The Study Of The Anaerobic Bacterial Flora Of Bovine Feces, Donald G. Kirsch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The intestinal bacterial flora of an animal has a considerable influence on the physiology of that animal. Some bacteria of the intestine are pathogenic and can initiate infections if they gain access to a susceptible individual. Some of the intestinal bacteria can produce potent carcinogens in vitro and can presumably do this also in vivo. Food passing through the alimentary tract of an animal is also chemically modified through the enzymatic action of the bacterial flora. The animal is also protected from some enteric infections through the antagonistic and competitive actions of the established organisms of the normal bacterial flora. …

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Monensin, Protein Supplementation And Tylosin For Feedlot Cattle, Roger N. Gates Jan 1978

Monensin, Protein Supplementation And Tylosin For Feedlot Cattle, Roger N. Gates

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Scientific research has made substantial contributions to the efficiency of American agriculture. Livestock producers in particular have benefited from the extensive study of animal nutrition. Nutrient requirements of animals and the nutrient composition of feeds are essential to efficient and economical feeding of farm animals. Research over many years has provided considerable information on animal requirements and feed composition. While there are still many gaps of knowledge in those areas, available information allows wise choice in selecting feedstuffs and using them in various combinations to meet animal requirements for various productive purposes. Feed costs represent the single largest expenditure in …

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An Electron Microscopic Investigation Of Bovine Abortion, Hans A. Draayer Jan 1978

An Electron Microscopic Investigation Of Bovine Abortion, Hans A. Draayer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Bovine abortion continues to cause economic loss to farmers and ranchers. In South Dakota, monetary loss from bovine abortion has been estimated at 4 to 4.8 million dollars annually. (31) Brucellosis was once considered the major cause of bovine abortion. Since the prevalence of brucellosis has been reduced to less than 1% of the total United States cattle population, there has been an increase in demand for laboratory assistance in the diagnosis of the causes of bovine abortion. With the present day technology in microbiology, histology, and serology, a confirmed identification of the causative agent of bovine abortion can be …

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Hydraulic Characteristics Of A Rapid Infiltration Land Treatment System, Brian A. Borgstadt Jan 1978

Hydraulic Characteristics Of A Rapid Infiltration Land Treatment System, Brian A. Borgstadt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In 1977 several additions were made to the pilot units and a different flooding procedure was undertaken. The author assisted in making these changes and continued the studies concerned with the infiltration rates and ground water hydraulics portions of the research. The objectives of this portion of the overall study were to: 1. Describe and evaluate improvements and additions that were made to the rapid infiltration pilot unit during 1977, 2. Evaluate the infiltration capacities of the basins with respect to the application procedure and to compare these rates with the results of prior studies, 3. Compare the groundwater table …

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Flumethasone Induction Of Parturition In The Ewe, Donald H. Rommereim Jan 1978

Flumethasone Induction Of Parturition In The Ewe, Donald H. Rommereim

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The idea of controlling the time of parturition in domestic mammals has arisen in the last 15 years from the development of techniques of estrous synchronization and from studies achieved on the mechanism of birth. Controlling the time of parturition is a management technique by which a producer might reduce livestock losses at birth and/or cut production costs. Birth for the new-born, or parturition for the mother is a critical time. Controlling the time of parturition allows the producer to exercise a constrained supervision at this critical time, and therefore limit possible losses. Being present at birth allows the producer: …

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Cell Surface Changes During Early Mouse Development, James Thomas Rector Jan 1978

Cell Surface Changes During Early Mouse Development, James Thomas Rector

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objectives of this thesis were to further characterize cell surface properties of preimplantation mouse embryos. A study was conducted to determine latent effects of varying pulses of CB on early postimplantation mouse embryos by comparing their abilities to hatch, to attach and to sustain growth and differentiation of ICM and trophoblast tissue. CB treatment was begun at the 8-cell stage. Objectives of the studies involving Con A were to determine (1 ) whether agglutinability with Con A changes during compaction of 8-cell embryos, (2) if changes in numbers of binding sites parallel changes in agglutinability during preimplantation development, (3) whether …

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Pregnancy Diagnosis In The Ewe, Michael J. Trapp Jan 1978

Pregnancy Diagnosis In The Ewe, Michael J. Trapp

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The ability to diagnose pregnancy accurately, rapidly and economically before the last six weeks of gestation in the ewe could be of real value as a sheep management tool. An efficient non-surgical pregnancy test could enable the producer to reduce feed costs, increase percent lamb crop and select for fertility. It is important to the health of the ewe and to the survival of the lamb that highly productive animals should be adequately fed. About 75% of the fetus' growth occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy. Therefore undernutrition of the ewe during this part of pregnancy leads to the …

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Effect Of Heat Treatment On Protein Quality And Utilization Of Soybean And Sunflower Meals By Dairy Cattle, Mohammad Ahrar Jan 1978

Effect Of Heat Treatment On Protein Quality And Utilization Of Soybean And Sunflower Meals By Dairy Cattle, Mohammad Ahrar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Effect of heat treatment on soybean and sunflower meal proteins were studied using in vitro and in vivo techniques. In experiment I, soybean meal (SBM) and sunflower meal (SFM) were subjected to steam heating about 120 C for 25 to 30 seconds using a commercial cooker extruder. The heat treatment was designed to reduce solubility of the SBM and SFM in the rumen, thereby allowing more soybean meal protein and sunflower meal protein to be undigestible in the rumen but still digestible in the lower digestive tract when fed to cattle. Solubilities of protein in SBM and SFM were reduced …

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Plant Availability Of Aqueous Phosphates Removed By Fly Ash, Paul D. Weeldreyer Jan 1978

Plant Availability Of Aqueous Phosphates Removed By Fly Ash, Paul D. Weeldreyer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recycling non-renewable resources has become increasingly. important as man has continuously expected more and more from his environment. As stated by Spendlove (1976): "Recycling certainly is not new. It appears, in fact, to be one of the most obvious laws of nature, much like the seasons, the tides, and the life and death processes. It is not surprising, therefore, that the greatest motivating force behind present recycling efforts is the worldwide concern for the deteriorating natural environment." This ever-increasing demand for more production has created the need for more stringent pollution controls to maintain an acceptable quality of life. Pollution …

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Utilization Of Whole Aspen Tree Material As A Ruminant Feed Component, Mahendra Singh Jan 1978

Utilization Of Whole Aspen Tree Material As A Ruminant Feed Component, Mahendra Singh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A series of three separate experiments were conducted to determine the value of aspen tree (Populus tremuloides Michx.) as a ruminant feed component in growing, finishing and wintering rations. The entire tree, including the branches, leaves and bark, was fed to Hereford steers and commercial bred stock cows. In experiment 1, sixty steers were randomly allotted to six treatments of ten each. The six treatment rations were: 93% alfalfa as control, 12% aspen, 24% aspen, 36% aspen, 48% aspen and 48% aspen (with 4% sodium hydroxide). Soybean meal was included in aspen rations in a ratio of 40% soybean meal …

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The Lake Dakota Plain: An Area Study, Anselem H. Rumpca Jan 1978

The Lake Dakota Plain: An Area Study, Anselem H. Rumpca

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a systematic-area geographical study of an ancient glacial lake bed [sic] called the Lake Dakota Plain. Most of the Lake Dakota Plain is located in the northeastern part of South Dakota with a small area in adjacent North Dakota. The present study will be limited to that portion which lies in South Dakota. This area study is not limited to one criterion such as location, climate, or human occupance [sic]. Rather, it incorporates the sum total of all the criteria included in a systematic-regional study.

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Energy Use In Livestock Buildings, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University Jan 1978

Energy Use In Livestock Buildings, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

Whether it be a swine, dairy, beef, poultry, or sheep operation, some guidelines should be followed for energy and cost savings without impairing the efficiency of the operation. Several areas that should be considered are adequate insulation, controlling ventilation rates, natural ventilation of livestock buildings, and taking advantage of natural influences such as wind and sunlight, solar energy, and heat exchangers.

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Reduced Tillage, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University Jan 1978

Reduced Tillage, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

As energy prices continue to increase more farmers will consider reducing the number of their tillage operations to hold down production costs.

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Grasses For Special Purposes, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University Jan 1978

Grasses For Special Purposes, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

Yield increases of up to 10% might be possible if unproductive areas in many eastern South Dakota pastures were planted to the right "special purpose" species of grasses.

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Poultry Pest Control, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University Jan 1978

Poultry Pest Control, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Potassium Permanganate On The Removal Of Iron And Manganese From Ground Water, Mohammad Reza Farvardin Jan 1978

The Effect Of Potassium Permanganate On The Removal Of Iron And Manganese From Ground Water, Mohammad Reza Farvardin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For the past three years or so, a gradual migration of iron and manganese deposits has been observed in the water mains to the west of the East Water Treatment Plant of Brookings, South Dakota. These deposits have been gradually migrating further westward from the plant (8). Routine analyses of the treated water from the East Plant indicate that the iron and manganese levels are within the USPHS recommended limits (9). Consequently, conclusive evidence that this plant is the source of the problem does not exist. However, the analyses are normally conducted on samples collected shortly before backwashing the filters. …

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Diet And Nutrition Of The Pronghorn Antelope, Norman C. Messenger Jan 1978

Diet And Nutrition Of The Pronghorn Antelope, Norman C. Messenger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) in northwestern South Dakota consumed at least 32 different plants species. Major forage plants were big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentate), silver sage (A. cana), yellow sweet clover (Meliotus officinalis), gold aster (Chrysopsis villosa), and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis). Cultivated small grain crops were not a major food source of pronghorn. Differences in diet composition, plant groups, plant groups and time of use and plant group, area, month interaction were significant. Average in vitro digestion of 31 food plants was 51 percent. Mean digestion of grasses was 57 percent, forbs 42 percent, and shrubs 55 percent. Yearling male …

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Breeding Biology And Prey Selection Of Ferruginous Hawks In Northwestern South Dakota, Charles L. Blair Jan 1978

Breeding Biology And Prey Selection Of Ferruginous Hawks In Northwestern South Dakota, Charles L. Blair

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A study of the breeding biology and prey selection of ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) was conducted in northwestern South Dakota during 1976 and 1977. Twenty four pairs were located in 1976 and 18 pairs attempted to nest; 17 pairs located in 1977 attempted to nest. The ecological density of breeding pairs was approximately one per 100 km2. Young fledged per nesting attempt averaged 1.89 in 1976 and 2.29 in 1977. All but one nest were located in unbroken, lightly grazed prairie and all were situated on hills, buttes, or river cutbanks. General nest orientation was toward the south and west. …

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The Effects Of Added Dry Whey On Yield And Acceptability Of Cheddar Cheese, James M. Wingfield Jan 1978

The Effects Of Added Dry Whey On Yield And Acceptability Of Cheddar Cheese, James M. Wingfield

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cheese production and sales are a major part of the U.S. dairy industry. Total hard cheese sales have increased 60% in the past 10 yr. Per capita consumption of cheese for the same period has risen from 2.81 kilograms (kg) to 4.03 kg for a 43% increase. In response to greater consumer demand the amount of milk utilized in cheese production has increased markedly during the past quarter century rising from the low of 10% of annual milk production in 1950 to 24% in 1976. This recent increase in cheese production emphasizes the importance of achieving maximum yields of cheese …

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Effects Of Strain On Response Of Laying Hens To Low Protein Diets And Amino Acid Supplements, Ali B. Kashani Jan 1978

Effects Of Strain On Response Of Laying Hens To Low Protein Diets And Amino Acid Supplements, Ali B. Kashani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Corn is by far the most widely used cereal grain in the United States for poultry feeding. In addition to its high energy content, corn provides adequate amounts of the essential fatty acids for maximum rates of growth and egg production. Palatability and ample xanthophyll and provitamin A contents of fresh corn are some o the other contributing factors for its popularity in livestock feeding. The most serious limitation in the nutritional value of corn as well as other cereal grains lies in the fact that they are low in both quantity and quality of protein. It has been a …

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Nutritional Adequacy Of The Diets Of Pregnant Cheyenne River Sioux, Kathy M. Dirks Jan 1978

Nutritional Adequacy Of The Diets Of Pregnant Cheyenne River Sioux, Kathy M. Dirks

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A nutrition survey was conducted in which the diets of 79 pregnant Sioux Indian women living on the Cheyenne River Reservation in South Dakota were evaluated. A 24-hour recall was used and background information was collected by the researcher at Public Health Service prenatal clinics. The dietary intakes were evaluated according to Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Diets were considered to be good if they provided all nutrients (protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and ascorbic acid) and energy at or above recommended levels, and poor if they provided one or more nutrients below two-thirds the RDA. In accordance …

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Blood Gases And Certain Energy Metabolite Concentrations In Ammonia Intoxicated Sheep, George E. Romkema Jan 1978

Blood Gases And Certain Energy Metabolite Concentrations In Ammonia Intoxicated Sheep, George E. Romkema

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objectives of this study were to measure the changes occurring in certain blood parameters during acute ammonia intoxication. It was hoped that these changes would reflect and thereby provide insight into the effects of acute ammonia intoxication on metabolic processes. Blood pH, p02, and pC02 were measured in order to observe possible metabolic disturbances as reflected in the acid-base balance. Glucose was measured due to its importance as a basic energy source and metabolic intermediate. Volatile fatty acids were measured because they serve as an important energy source in ruminants. Non-esterified fatty acids and triglycerides were …

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A Polyperiod Analysis Of Profit Maximizing Strategies With Beef Cow Herds Under Variable Weather Conditions In North Central South Dakota, David H. Jibben Jan 1978

A Polyperiod Analysis Of Profit Maximizing Strategies With Beef Cow Herds Under Variable Weather Conditions In North Central South Dakota, David H. Jibben

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study used three polyperiod linear programming models to analyze the effects of several management strategies on the organization of a hypothetical 2,560 acre ranch in North Central South Dakota. Two models including three-year drought periods and one model with no drought were constructed. In building the two drought models, several assumptions concerning drought assistance to cattle producers were made and incorporated into the models. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. A land use program using 620 acres of cropland and 1,800 acres of pasture land resulted in greater total profit than a land use program …

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