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Learning The Unified Kernel Machines For Classification, Steven C. H. Hoi, Michael R. Lyu, Edward Y. Chang Aug 2006

Learning The Unified Kernel Machines For Classification, Steven C. H. Hoi, Michael R. Lyu, Edward Y. Chang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Kernel machines have been shown as the state-of-the-art learning techniques for classification. In this paper, we propose a novel general framework of learning the Unified Kernel Machines (UKM) from both labeled and unlabeled data. Our proposed framework integrates supervised learning, semi-supervised kernel learning, and active learning in a unified solution. In the suggested framework, we particularly focus our attention on designing a new semi-supervised kernel learning method, i.e., Spectral Kernel Learning (SKL), which is built on the principles of kernel target alignment and unsupervised kernel design. Our algorithm is related to an equivalent quadratic programming problem that can be efficiently …

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Empowerment Through Choice?: A Critical Analysis Of The Effects Of Choice In Organizations, Roy Y. J. Chua, Sheena S. Iyengar Jul 2006

Empowerment Through Choice?: A Critical Analysis Of The Effects Of Choice In Organizations, Roy Y. J. Chua, Sheena S. Iyengar

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The provision of choice is one of the most common vehicles through which managers empower employees in organizations. Although past psychological and organizational research persuasively suggests that choice confers personal agency, and is thus intrinsically motivating, emerging research indicates that there could be potential pitfalls. In this chapter, we examine the various factors that could influence the effects of choice. Specifically, we examine individual-level factors such as the chooser’s socioeconomic status and cultural background. We also examine situational factors such as the content of choice and the number of choices offered. We then expand our discussion on the effect of …

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Ontosearch: A Full-Text Search Engine For The Semantic Web, Xing Jiang, Ah-Hwee Tan Jul 2006

Ontosearch: A Full-Text Search Engine For The Semantic Web, Xing Jiang, Ah-Hwee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

OntoSearch, a full-text search engine that exploits ontological knowledge for document retrieval, is presented in this paper. Different from other ontology based search engines, OntoSearch does not require a user to specify the associated concepts of his/her queries. Domain ontology in OntoSearch is in the form of a semantic network. Given a keyword based query, OntoSearch infers the related concepts through a spreading activation process in the domain ontology. To provide personalized information access, we further develop algorithms to learn and exploit user ontology model based on a customized view of the domain ontology. The proposed system has been applied …

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Keyframe Retrieval By Keypoints: Can Point-To-Point Matching Help?, Wanlei Zhao, Yu-Gang Jiang, Chong-Wah Ngo Jul 2006

Keyframe Retrieval By Keypoints: Can Point-To-Point Matching Help?, Wanlei Zhao, Yu-Gang Jiang, Chong-Wah Ngo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Bag-of-words representation with visual keypoints has recently emerged as an attractive approach for video search. In this paper, we study the degree of improvement when point-to-point (P2P) constraint is imposed on the bag-of-words. We conduct investigation on two tasks: near-duplicate keyframe (NDK) retrieval, and high-level concept classification, covering parts of TRECVID 2003 and 2005 datasets. In P2P matching, we propose a one-to-one symmetric keypoint matching strategy to diminish the noise effect during keyframe comparison. In addition, a new multi-dimensional index structure is proposed to speed up the matching process with keypoint filtering. Through experiments, we demonstrate that P2P constraint can …

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A Novel Privacy Preserving Authentication And Access Control Scheme For Pervasive Computing Environments, K. Ren, Wenjing Lou, K. Kim, Robert H. Deng Jul 2006

A Novel Privacy Preserving Authentication And Access Control Scheme For Pervasive Computing Environments, K. Ren, Wenjing Lou, K. Kim, Robert H. Deng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Privacy and security are two important but seemingly contradictory objectives in a pervasive computing environment (PCE). On one hand, service providers want to authenticate legitimate users and make sure they are accessing their authorized services in a legal way. On the other hand, users want to maintain the necessary privacy without being tracked down for wherever they are and whatever they are doing. In this paper, a novel privacy preserving authentication and access control scheme to secure the interactions between mobile users and services in PCEs is proposed. The proposed scheme seamlessly integrates two underlying cryptographic primitives, namely blind signature …

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Temporal Dynamics Of The Urban Heat Island Of Singapore, Winston T. L. Chow, Matthias Roth Jul 2006

Temporal Dynamics Of The Urban Heat Island Of Singapore, Winston T. L. Chow, Matthias Roth

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The temporal variability of the canopy‐level urban heat island (UHI) of Singapore is examined for different temporal scales on the basis of observations during a 1‐year period. Temperature data obtained from different urban areas (commercial, Central Business District (CBD), high‐rise and low‐rise housing) are compared with ‘rural’ reference data and analysed with respect to meteorological variables and differences in land use. The results indicate that the peak UHI magnitude occurs 3–4 h (>6 h) after sunset in the commercial area, (at other urban sites). Higher UHI intensities generally occur during the southwest monsoon period of May–August, with a maximum …

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Extraction Of Coherent Relevant Passages Using Hidden Markov Models, Jing Jiang, Chengxiang Zhai Jul 2006

Extraction Of Coherent Relevant Passages Using Hidden Markov Models, Jing Jiang, Chengxiang Zhai

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In information retrieval, retrieving relevant passages, as opposed to whole documents, not only directly benefits the end user by filtering out the irrelevant information within a long relevant document, but also improves retrieval accuracy in general. A critical problem in passage retrieval is to extract coherent relevant passages accurately from a document, which we refer to as passage extraction. While much work has been done on passage retrieval, the passage extraction problem has not been seriously studied. Most existing work tends to rely on presegmenting documents into fixed-length passages which are unlikely optimal because the length of a relevant passage …

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Private Information Retrieval Using Trusted Hardware, Shuhong Wang, Xuhua Ding, Robert H. Deng, Feng Bao Jul 2006

Private Information Retrieval Using Trusted Hardware, Shuhong Wang, Xuhua Ding, Robert H. Deng, Feng Bao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Many theoretical PIR (Private Information Retrieval) constructions have been proposed in the past years. Though information theoretically secure, most of them are impractical to deploy due to the prohibitively high communication and computation complexity. The recent trend in outsourcing databases fuels the research on practical PIR schemes. In this paper, we propose a new PIR system by making use of trusted hardware. Our system is proven to be information theoretically secure. Furthermore, we derive the computation complexity lower bound for hardware-based PIR schemes and show that our construction meets the lower bounds for both the communication and computation costs, respectively.

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Autonomic Management Of Stream Processing Applications Via Adaptive Bandwidth Control, Dimitrios Pendarakis, Jeremy Silber, Laura Wynter Jul 2006

Autonomic Management Of Stream Processing Applications Via Adaptive Bandwidth Control, Dimitrios Pendarakis, Jeremy Silber, Laura Wynter

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We present a novel autonomic control system for high performance stream processing systems. The system uses bandwidth controls on incoming or outgoing streams to achieve a desired resource utilization balance among a set of concurrently executing stream processing tasks. We show that CPU prioritization and allocation mechanisms in schedulers and virtual machine managers are not sufficient to control such I/O-centric applications, and present an autonomic bandwidth control system that adaptively adjusts incoming and outgoing traffic rates to achieve system management goals. The system dynamically learns the bandwidth rate necessary to meet the system management goals using stochastic nonlinear optimization, and …

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Mobile Healthcare Informatics, Keng Siau, Zixing Shen Jul 2006

Mobile Healthcare Informatics, Keng Siau, Zixing Shen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Advances in wireless technology give pace to the rapid development of mobile applications. The coming mobile revolution will bring dramatic and fundamental changes to our daily life. It will influence the way we live, the way we do things, and the way we take care of our health. For the healthcare industry, mobile applications provide a new frontier in offering better care and services to patients, and a more flexible and mobile way of communicating with suppliers and patients. Mobile applications will provide important real time data for patients, physicians, insurers, and suppliers. In addition, it will revolutionalize the way …

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Generalized On-Demand Service Architecture For Interactive Applications [Us 2006/0168107 A1], Rajesh K. Balan, Paul C. Castro, Maria R. Ebling, Archan Misra Jul 2006

Generalized On-Demand Service Architecture For Interactive Applications [Us 2006/0168107 A1], Rajesh K. Balan, Paul C. Castro, Maria R. Ebling, Archan Misra

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

A method, system, and computer program for executing a network-based distributed application. An infrastructure is described that includes application containers configured to execute an application instance of the distributed application and measure quality of service metrics for the application instance. Workload management elements form a decentralized workload management layer. The workload management layer is configured to assign a workload to application containers based on the quality of service metrics received by the application containers.

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Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model For Rushes Structuring And Indexing, Chong-Wah Ngo, Zailiang Pan, Xiaoyong Wei Jul 2006

Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model For Rushes Structuring And Indexing, Chong-Wah Ngo, Zailiang Pan, Xiaoyong Wei

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Rushes footage are considered as cheap gold mine with the potential for reuse in broadcasting and filmmaking industries. However, it is difficult to mine the "gold" from the rushes since usually only minimum metadata is available. This paper focuses on the structuring and indexing of the rushes to facilitate mining and retrieval of "gold". We present a new approach for rushes structuring and indexing based on motion feature. We model the problem by a two-level Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM). The HHMM, on one hand, represents the semantic concepts in its higher level to provide simultaneous structuring and indexing, on …

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Prediction-Based Gesture Detection In Lecture Videos By Combining Visual, Speech And Electronic Slides, Feng Wang, Chong-Wah Ngo, Ting-Chuen Pong Jul 2006

Prediction-Based Gesture Detection In Lecture Videos By Combining Visual, Speech And Electronic Slides, Feng Wang, Chong-Wah Ngo, Ting-Chuen Pong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper presents an efficient algorithm for gesture detection in lecture videos by combining visual, speech and electronic slides. Besides accuracy, response time is also considered to cope with the efficiency requirements of real-time applications. Candidate gestures are first detected by visual cue. Then we modifity HMM models for complete gestures to predict and recognize incomplete gestures before the whole gestures paths are observed. Gesture recognition is used to verify the results of gesture detection. The relations between visual, speech and slides are analyzed. The correspondence between speech and gesture is employed to improve the accuracy and the responsiveness of …

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Authenticating Multi-Dimensional Query Results In Data Publishing, Weiwei Cheng, Hwee Hwa Pang, Kian-Lee Tan Jul 2006

Authenticating Multi-Dimensional Query Results In Data Publishing, Weiwei Cheng, Hwee Hwa Pang, Kian-Lee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In data publishing, the owner delegates the role of satisfying user queries to a third-party publisher. As the publisher may be untrusted or susceptible to attacks, it could produce incorrect query results. This paper introduces a mechanism for users to verify that their query answers on a multi-dimensional dataset are correct, in the sense of being complete (i.e., no qualifying data points are omitted) and authentic (i.e., all the result values originated from the owner). Our approach is to add authentication information into a spatial data structure, by constructing certified chains on the points within each partition, as well as …

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Crossing The Chasm: The Xid Technologies Story, Arcot Desai Narasimhalu, Roberto Mariani Jul 2006

Crossing The Chasm: The Xid Technologies Story, Arcot Desai Narasimhalu, Roberto Mariani

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

XID Technologies is a face processing start up company built initially around a disruptive face recognition technology. The technology innovation came from Kent Ridge Digital Labs, a publicly funded software research laboratory in Singapore. Face recognition is the least intrusive and harmless among the various biometric solutions available in the market. The basic approach to human face recognition is to identify a robust feature set that was unique enough to differentiate amongst the many millions of human faces that the system was required to verify. The technology innovation used by XID framed the problem differently and thereby overcame the challenges …

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Gender Differences In Perceived Work Demands, Family Demands, And Life Stress Among Married Chinese Employees, Jaepil Choi, Chao C. Chen Jul 2006

Gender Differences In Perceived Work Demands, Family Demands, And Life Stress Among Married Chinese Employees, Jaepil Choi, Chao C. Chen

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Although gender-based division of labour and the identity theory of stress suggest that the relationship between work and family demands and life stress may vary as a function of gender, it is largely unknown whether these arguments are also valid in China. To address this gap in the existing literature, the current study investigates the gender differences in perceived work and family demands, and the effects of these perceived demands on the life stress of Chinese male and female employees. The study of 153 married Chinese employees found that Chinese women perceived a higher level of family demands than did …

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The Internationalization Of Singapore's State Enterprise Network In The Context Of Asia's Transborder Industrialization: New Evidence From Indonesia, Vietnam And China, Caroline Yeoh, Victor Sim, Genrong Meng Jun 2006

The Internationalization Of Singapore's State Enterprise Network In The Context Of Asia's Transborder Industrialization: New Evidence From Indonesia, Vietnam And China, Caroline Yeoh, Victor Sim, Genrong Meng

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

State-led, market-driven interventions have been the hallmark of the Singapore `success story’. This paper revisits Singapore’s state-enterprise strategy, in the context of the city-state’s determined efforts at internationalization, and takes a closer look at the portability of this strategy, in the framework of Regionalization21, a series of transborder industrialization experiments in Indonesia, Vietnam and China. These state-engineered projects, orchestrated to encapsulate economic space for Singapore-based firms to expand into the region, remains controversial. This strategic initiative is promulgated on the exportability of Singapore’s state credibility, systemic and operational efficiencies as well as technological competencies, to locations where these attributes are …

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Growth Accounting For A Follower-Economy In A World Of Ideas: The Example Of Singapore, Kong Weng Ho, Hian Teck Hoon Jun 2006

Growth Accounting For A Follower-Economy In A World Of Ideas: The Example Of Singapore, Kong Weng Ho, Hian Teck Hoon

Research Collection School Of Economics

In this paper, we take another approach to accounting for the sources of Singapore’s economic growth by being explicit about the channels through which Singapore, as a technological follower, benefits from international R&D spillovers. Taking into account the channels through which technology developed in the G5 countries diffuses to technological followers, we show that 57.5 percent of Singapore’s real GDP per worker growth rate over the 1970-2002 period is due to multifactor productivity growth. In particular, about 52 percent of the growth is accounted for by an increase in the effectiveness of accessing ideas developed by the technology leaders through …

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Integrated Crisis Mapping: Toward A Publics-Based, Emotion-Driven Conceptualization In Crisis Communication, Yan Jin, Pang, A., Glen Cameron Jun 2006

Integrated Crisis Mapping: Toward A Publics-Based, Emotion-Driven Conceptualization In Crisis Communication, Yan Jin, Pang, A., Glen Cameron

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Extending current situation-based conceptualizations of crisis response, this paper develops a more generic and systemic approach to understanding the role of emotions in crisis situations. Taking an integrated approach, the authors propose a public-based, emotion-driven perspective to crisis communication modeling, mapping different crisis types, and underpinning them with two continua, the organization’s involvement with the crisis issue and primary public’s coping strategy. The paper further argues that the appropriate crisis response and tools to manage a crisis should address the full range of emotions for optimal effectiveness at both strategic and tactical levels.

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Threats To The Operational Use Of Situational Judgment Tests In The College Admission Process, Michael J. Cullen, Paul R. Sackett, Filip Lievens Jun 2006

Threats To The Operational Use Of Situational Judgment Tests In The College Admission Process, Michael J. Cullen, Paul R. Sackett, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study examined the coachability of two situational judgment tests, the College Student Questionnaire (CSQ) and the Situational Judgment Inventory (SJI), developed for consideration as selection instruments in the college admission process. Strategies for raising scores on each test were generated, and undergraduates were trained in the use of the strategies using a video-based training program. Results indicated that the CSQ was susceptible to coaching. In addition, the scoring format of the CSQ was found to be easily exploited, such that trainees could increase their scores by greater than 1 SD simply by avoiding extreme responses on that test. The …

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Do We Stand On Common Ground? A Threat Appraisal Model For Terror Alerts Issued By The Department Of Homeland Security, Augustine Pang, Jin Yan, Glen T. Cameron Jun 2006

Do We Stand On Common Ground? A Threat Appraisal Model For Terror Alerts Issued By The Department Of Homeland Security, Augustine Pang, Jin Yan, Glen T. Cameron

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The fabric and faces of threat, and the expediency and efficiency in the communication of threat, are examined with a threat appraisal model. This model is empirically tested on an ongoing communication challenge, the issuance of terror alerts by the United States' Department of Homeland Security (DHS), focusing on how threat is appraised by both the conservative and liberal audiences. Findings showed a shared view by the DHS and conservative audiences on the levels and nature of threats; liberal audiences thought otherwise. Though there appeared to be a consensus between the conservative and liberal audiences on the efficacy of threat …

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Make, Buy, Or Ally: A Transaction Cost Theory Meta-Analysis, Inge Geyskens, Jan-Benedict E. M. Steenkamp, Nirmalya Kumar Jun 2006

Make, Buy, Or Ally: A Transaction Cost Theory Meta-Analysis, Inge Geyskens, Jan-Benedict E. M. Steenkamp, Nirmalya Kumar

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Since the publication of Williamson's Markets and Hierarchies, many empirical articles have investigated the tenets of transaction cost theory. Using meta-analytic techniques, we quantitatively synthesized and evaluated transaction cost-based empirical research on organizational boundary (make, buy, or ally) decisions. We found strong support for the theory for both make versus buy and ally versus buy decisions. However, we did not find evidence that asset specificity had stronger predictive power than uncertainty. Hierarchical and relational governance appropriately aligned with transaction dimensions both led to enhanced performance. On the basis of our meta-analysis, we provide directions for future research.

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Cognitive Mapping Techniques For User-Database Interaction, Keng Siau, X. Tan Jun 2006

Cognitive Mapping Techniques For User-Database Interaction, Keng Siau, X. Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we first develop a framework of user-database interaction. Based on this framework, we then provide a discussion on how notable human factors influence various dimensions of user-database interaction. Following that, we propose using cognitive mapping techniques to overcome some cognitive and behavioral biases during user-database interaction. Three popular cognitive mapping techniques-causal mapping, semantic mapping, and concept mapping-are introduced as techniques to elicit an individual's belief systems regarding a problem domain. Through an example database application, we demonstrate how to use these cognitive mapping techniques to improve user-database interaction. Finally, we discuss the implications of this research for …

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Fuzzy Cognitive Goal Net For Interactive Storytelling Plot Design, Yundong Cai, Chunyan Miao, Ah-Hwee Tan, Zhiqi Shen Jun 2006

Fuzzy Cognitive Goal Net For Interactive Storytelling Plot Design, Yundong Cai, Chunyan Miao, Ah-Hwee Tan, Zhiqi Shen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Interactive storytelling attracts a lot of research interests among the interactive entertainments in recent years. Designing story plot for interactive storytelling is currently one of the most critical problems of interactive storytelling. Some traditional AI planning methods, such as Hierarchical Task Network, Heuristic Searching Method are widely used as the planning tool for the story plot design. This paper proposes a model called Fuzzy Cognitive Goal Net as the story plot planning tool for interactive storytelling, which combines the planning capability of Goal net and reasoning ability of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed model shows a …

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Security Analysis On A Conference Scheme For Mobile Communications, Zhiguo Wan, Feng Bao, Robert H. Deng, A. L. Ananda Jun 2006

Security Analysis On A Conference Scheme For Mobile Communications, Zhiguo Wan, Feng Bao, Robert H. Deng, A. L. Ananda

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The conference key distribution scheme (CKDS) enables three or more parties to derive a common conference key to protect the conversation content in their conference. Designing a conference key distribution scheme for mobile communications is a difficult task because wireless networks are more susceptible to attacks and mobile devices usually obtain low power and limited computing capability. In this paper we study a conference scheme for mobile communications and find that the scheme is insecure against the replay attack. With our replay attack, an attacker with a compromised conference key can cause the conferees to reuse the compromised conference key, …

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Mediators Without Borders: How Technology Is Leading The Charge To Globalised Dispute Resolution, Nadja Alexander Jun 2006

Mediators Without Borders: How Technology Is Leading The Charge To Globalised Dispute Resolution, Nadja Alexander

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Mediation has made it to Hollywood. The opening scene of the romantic comedy The Wedding Crashers (2005) features a hilarious attempt at divorce mediation. The mediation scene does not demonstrate any mediation skills to be emulated and the film itself, apart from the opening scene, has nothing to do with mediation. Nevertheless one cannot ignore the power of the borderless dream machine called Hollywood. The Hollywood film industry does more than export films and fantasies around the world; it is a driving force in the globalisation of the themes with which it deals. When mediation becomes one of those themes …

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Green Revolutions And Miracle Economies: Agricultural Innovation, Trade And Growth, Brishti Guha Jun 2006

Green Revolutions And Miracle Economies: Agricultural Innovation, Trade And Growth, Brishti Guha

Research Collection School Of Economics

The purpose of this paper is to develop a simple model of an economy in which growth is driven by a combination of exogenous technical change in agriculture and a rising world demand for labor-intensive manufactured exports. We explore the relative roles of an exogenous agricultural productivity shock and rising export demand in a model with two traded industrial goods and a non-traded agricultural good, food. When the non-traded sector uses a specific factor, we show that technical change in agriculture may be the key to factor migration into industry, in particular driving intersectoral labor migration. A key assumption is …

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Can Online Reviews Reveal A Product's True Quality? Empirical Findings Analytical Modeling Of Online Word-Of-Mouth Communication, Nan Hu, Paul Pavlou, Jennifer Zhang Jun 2006

Can Online Reviews Reveal A Product's True Quality? Empirical Findings Analytical Modeling Of Online Word-Of-Mouth Communication, Nan Hu, Paul Pavlou, Jennifer Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

As a digital version of word-of-mouth, online review has become a major information source for consumers and has very important implications for a wide range of management activities. While some researchers focus their studies on the impact of online product review on sales, an important assumption remains unexamined, that is, can online product review reveal the true quality of the product? To test the validity of this key assumption, this paper first empirically tests the underlying distribution of online reviews with data from Amazon. The results show that 53% of the products have a bimodal and non-normal distribution. For these …

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On The Release Of Crls In Public Key Infrastructure, Chengyu Ma, Nan Hu, Yingjiu Li Jun 2006

On The Release Of Crls In Public Key Infrastructure, Chengyu Ma, Nan Hu, Yingjiu Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Public key infrastructure provides a promising foundation for verifying the authenticity of communicating parties and transferring trust over the internet. The key issue in public key infrastructure is how to process certificate revocations. Previous research in this aspect has concentrated on the tradeoffs that can be made among different revocation options. No rigorous efforts have been made to understand the probability distribution of certificate revocation requests based on real empirical data. In this study, we first collect real empirical data from VeriSign and derive the probability function for certificate revocation requests. We then prove that a revocation system will become …

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Multilearner Based Recursive Supervised Training, Kiruthika Ramanathan, Sheng Uei Guan, Laxmi R. Iyer Jun 2006

Multilearner Based Recursive Supervised Training, Kiruthika Ramanathan, Sheng Uei Guan, Laxmi R. Iyer

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In supervised learning, most single solution neural networks such as constructive backpropagation give good results when used with some datasets but not with others. Others such as probabilistic neural networks (PNN) fit a curve to perfection but need to be manually tuned in the case of noisy data. Recursive percentage based hybrid pattern training (RPHP) overcomes this problem by recursively training subsets of the data, thereby using several neural networks. MultiLearner based recursive training (MLRT) is an extension of this approach, where a combination of existing and new learners are used and subsets are trained using the weak learner which …

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