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Rule Extraction: From Neural Architecture To Symbolic Representation, Gail A. Carpenter, Ah-Hwee Tan Jan 1995

Rule Extraction: From Neural Architecture To Symbolic Representation, Gail A. Carpenter, Ah-Hwee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper shows how knowledge, in the form of fuzzy rules, can be derived from a supervised learning neural network called fuzzy ARTMAP. Rule extraction proceeds in two stages: pruning, which simplifies the network structure by removing excessive recognition categories and weights; and quantization of continuous learned weights, which allows the final system state to be translated into a usable set of descriptive rules. Three benchmark studies illustrate the rule extraction methods: (1) Pima Indian diabetes diagnosis, (2) mushroom classification and (3) DNA promoter recognition. Fuzzy ARTMAP and ART-EMAP are compared with the ADAP algorithm, the k nearest neighbor system, …

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"The Concept Of Law" Revisited, Andrew B.L. Phang Jan 1995

"The Concept Of Law" Revisited, Andrew B.L. Phang

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

On any view, Hart is one of (if not the) leading jurists in Anglo-American legal philosophy this century. His central work, The Concept of Law,' is prescribed reading in virtually every jurisprudence course around the world. He has also been involved in the most famous debates in Anglo-American legal philosophy: the Hart-Fuller debate on the separation of law from morality; 2 the Hart-Devlin debate on the enforcement of morals;3 and the Hart-Dworkin debate on judicial discretion 4 -and it ought to be mentioned that it was precisely these debates that forced all three of these jurists to construct their own …

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Equal Protection And Sexual Orientation, Jack Tsen-Ta Lee Jan 1995

Equal Protection And Sexual Orientation, Jack Tsen-Ta Lee

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Equality is the thread running through the fundamental liberties enshrined in our Constitution. ... Equality, expressed in Art 12 of the [Singapore] Constitution, is also a specific right enforceable by the court. The difficulty comes in applying this deceptively simple concept to real-life situations. ... In considering the validity of legislation, Singapore and Malaysian courts have generally favored rational review, a modest conception of equal protection, unlike their American counterparts which have adopted a more expansive reading in the form of strict and intermediate review. This article examines how these three levels of equal protection review operate, and argues that …

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Rediscovering The Constitution, Jack Tsen-Ta Lee Jan 1995

Rediscovering The Constitution, Jack Tsen-Ta Lee

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The fundamental liberties in our Constitution involve a study of tensions: between an individual's rights and the community's interests, between the role of the judiciary on the one hand and the executive and legislature on the other. How we should interpret them depends on where we think equilibrium should be established. This depends on two main factors. The first is the proper function of the judiciary as laid down by our Constitution, which is discussed in Part I of this article. The second is the nature of our fundamental liberties, for they are worded with varying degrees of generality. ... …

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First Measurement Of The Quark-To-Photon Fragmentation Function, D. Buskulic, Manoj Thulasidas Jan 1995

First Measurement Of The Quark-To-Photon Fragmentation Function, D. Buskulic, Manoj Thulasidas

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Earlier measurements at LEP of isolated hard photons in hadronic Z decays, attributed to radiation from primary quark pairs, have been extended in the ALEPH experiment to include hard photon production inside hadron jets. Events are selected where all particles combine democratically to form hadron jets, one of which contains a photon with a fractional energy z 0:7. After statistical subtraction of non-prompt photons, the quark-to-photon fragmentation function, D(z), is extracted directly from the measured 2-jet rate. By taking into account the perturbative contributions to D(z) obtained from an O(S ) QCD calculation, the unknown non-perturbative component of D(z) is …

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Object Interactions As First Class Objects: From Design To Implementation, Mahesh Dodani, Benjamin Kok Siew Gan, Lizette Velazquez Jan 1995

Object Interactions As First Class Objects: From Design To Implementation, Mahesh Dodani, Benjamin Kok Siew Gan, Lizette Velazquez

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Collaborations between objects make up the dynamic behavior of OO software. These collaborations among objects require careful design and implementation. Treating the interactions as responsibilities that are integrated in the participating objects, results in tight coupling between objects. Tight coupling increases complexity and reduces reusability. Object interactions need to be first class objects from design to implementation. Our research provides a unified approach to model and implement these interactions as first class objects. During analysis and design, they are modeled using DynaSpecs. During implementation, they are coded with a new language construct called Compositions. DynaSpecs and Compositions provide a consistent …

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Contracts Involve More Than Promises, Promises, Kee Yang Low, Patricia Ong Jan 1995

Contracts Involve More Than Promises, Promises, Kee Yang Low, Patricia Ong

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

You may have heard of the legal requirement that to enforce a contract, a person needs to show that he has given value; that he has given something in exchange for the promise. In legal terms, he must have provided consideration. Consideration involves the idea that the law only forces bargains where something is given for something, not bare promises. Yes, consideration is vital, as a recent Singapore Court of Appeal decision shows. In that case, the entitlement to more than S$100,000 in commission depended on the issue of consideration.

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Knowledge-Based Safety Training System (Kbsts): A Prototype Implementation, Venky Shankararaman, B. S. Lee Dec 1994

Knowledge-Based Safety Training System (Kbsts): A Prototype Implementation, Venky Shankararaman, B. S. Lee

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

A computer-based safety training system for process operators must be able to make effective presentation of textual material, test the trainee's understanding through quizzes and facilitate plant simulation. The general framework of such a system is presented in an earlier paper (Computers in Industry, Vol. 17, 1991, pp. 349–358). In this paper, we discuss the development and implementation of a prototype Knowledge-Based Safety Training System based on the framework. The design philosophy, system architecture and the plant modelling methodology are described.

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The Ambiguity Of Accountability: Deaths In Custody, And The Regulation Of Police Power, Mark Findlay Nov 1994

The Ambiguity Of Accountability: Deaths In Custody, And The Regulation Of Police Power, Mark Findlay

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Policing is power. Police authority relies on transactions or relationships of power and influence. The nature of that authority depends on, and takes its form from specific environments of opportunity. Opportunity is, in turn, designated by the aspirations for such relationships, and structures and processes at work towards their regulation. Police authority can be confirmed either legitimately or illegitimately, depending on its context. Essential to the operation of police authority are the "boundaries of permission" which designate the dominion of police power. A principal regulator of police authority, and therefore an important mechanism whereby boundaries of permission are determined, is …

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Performance Of Combined Diversity Reception And Convolutional Coding For Qdpsk Land Mobile Radio, Huafei Zhou, Robert H. Deng, T. T. Tjhung Aug 1994

Performance Of Combined Diversity Reception And Convolutional Coding For Qdpsk Land Mobile Radio, Huafei Zhou, Robert H. Deng, T. T. Tjhung

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Diversity reception and error correction coding are powerful techniques to combat multipath fading encountered in mobile radio communications. In order to improve the transmission performance of the ?/4-shift QDPSK signal in mobile radio channels, the authors propose a new scheme of combined coding and diversity reception, i.e., combination of diversity reception employing code combining (CC) and convolutional coding employing error-and erasure correction Viterbi decoding. They also consider another combination scheme, i.e., combination of diversity reception employing postdetection maximal ratio combining (MRC) and convolutional coding employing hard decision Viterbi decoding. They theoretically analyze the performance of the schemes taking into account …

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Optimum Symbol-By-Symbol Detection Of Uncoded Digital Data Over The Gaussian Channel With Unknown Carrier Phase, Pooi Yuen Kam, Seng Siew Ng, Tock Soon Ng Aug 1994

Optimum Symbol-By-Symbol Detection Of Uncoded Digital Data Over The Gaussian Channel With Unknown Carrier Phase, Pooi Yuen Kam, Seng Siew Ng, Tock Soon Ng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

A theory of optimum receiver design for symbol-by-symbol detection of an uncoded digital data sequence received over the Gaussian channel with unknown carrier phase is presented. Linear suppressed-carrier modulation is assumed. The work here aims at laying a conceptual foundation for optimum symbol-by-symbol detection, and rectifies existing approaches to the problem. The optimum receiver structure is obtained explicitly for an arbitrary carrier phase model, but its computational requirements are too heavy in general for any practical implementation. In one important special case, namely, the case in which the carrier phase can be treated as a constant over some K+1 symbol …

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Imagining The Demos In The Demos: Mob Discourse In Thai Politics, William A. Callahan Jul 1994

Imagining The Demos In The Demos: Mob Discourse In Thai Politics, William A. Callahan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

eryone believes to some degree that wolves howl at the moon, or weigh two hundred pounds, or travel in packs of fifty, or are driven crazy by the smell of blood. None of this is true. The truth is we know little about the wolf. What we know a great deal about is what we imagine the wolf t

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Moorean Absurdity And The Intentional 'Structure' Of Assertion, John N. Williams Jul 1994

Moorean Absurdity And The Intentional 'Structure' Of Assertion, John N. Williams

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Production And Decay Of D1 (2420)0 And D2* (2460)0, Avery, P.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas Jun 1994

Production And Decay Of D1 (2420)0 And D2* (2460)0, Avery, P.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

No abstract provided.

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Fallibility And Sequential Decision-Making, Winston T. H. Koh Jun 1994

Fallibility And Sequential Decision-Making, Winston T. H. Koh

Research Collection School Of Economics

Individuals typically make errors in evaluating information. In this paper, we consider a project selection problem, where fallible managers screen projects sequentially, and provide independent opinions on its quality. We compare the relative performance of the hierarchy and polyarchy when η (n > 2) managers are employed to evaluate projects. In addition to generalizing the existing results on the optimal screening standards, I discuss and characterize the optimal organizational size, and how the relative desirability of the two sequential decision processes are affected by changing the project quality. Finally, I also discuss the effect of variable evaluation costs on the optimal …

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To Extend Or Not To Extend: Success Determinants Of Brand Line Extensions, Srinivas K. Reddy, Susan L. Holak, Subodh Bhat May 1994

To Extend Or Not To Extend: Success Determinants Of Brand Line Extensions, Srinivas K. Reddy, Susan L. Holak, Subodh Bhat

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The authors study the determinants of line extension success using data on 75 line extensions of 34 cigarette brands over a 20-year period to investigate the relative effects of brand, extension, and firm characteristics on the incremental market share of brand line extensions. The econometric model also captures the extent of cannibalization of parent brand sales that may have occurred due to the line extension's introduction. The authors also explore the role of a brand's symbolic value as a factor in line extension success. Results indicate that parent brand strength and its symbolic value, early entry timing, a firm's size, …

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Resisting The Norm: Ironic Images Of Marx And Confucius, William A. Callahan Apr 1994

Resisting The Norm: Ironic Images Of Marx And Confucius, William A. Callahan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The analysis of Chinese politics seems to be ruled by binary oppositions. The question most often asked about social movements is "is it Communist or is it anti-Communist?"

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A Measurement Of B(D+S → Φl+Ν) B(D+S → Φπ+), Cleo Collaboration, F. Butler, Manoj Thulasidas Mar 1994

A Measurement Of B(D+S → Φl+Ν) B(D+S → Φπ+), Cleo Collaboration, F. Butler, Manoj Thulasidas

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Using the CLEO II detector at CESR, we have measured the ratio of branching fractions B(D → φlν) B(D → φπ) = 0.54 ± 0.05 ± 0.04. We use this measurement to obtain a model dependent estimate of B(D → φπ). © 1994.

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Automating Output Size And Reuse Metrics In A Repository-Based Computer-Aided Software Engineering (Case) Environment, R. D. Banker, Robert J. Kauffman, C. Wright, D. Zweig Mar 1994

Automating Output Size And Reuse Metrics In A Repository-Based Computer-Aided Software Engineering (Case) Environment, R. D. Banker, Robert J. Kauffman, C. Wright, D. Zweig

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Measurement of software development productivity is needed in order to control software costs, but it is discouragingly labor-intensive and expensive. Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) technologies-especially repository-based, integrated CASE-have the potential to support the automation of this measurement. We discuss the conceptual basis for the development of automated analyzers for function point and software reuse measurement for object-based CASE. Both analyzers take advantage of the existence of a representation of the application system that is stored within an object repository, and that contains the necessary information about the application system. We also discuss metrics for software reuse measurement, including reuse leverage, …

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Study Of The Five-Charged-Pion Decay Of The Τ Lepton, D. Gibaut, Manoj Thulasidas Jan 1994

Study Of The Five-Charged-Pion Decay Of The Τ Lepton, D. Gibaut, Manoj Thulasidas

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The branching fractions for the five-charged-particle decays of the τ lepton have been measured in e+e− annihilations using the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring. Assuming all charged particles to be pions, the results are B(3π−2π+≥0 neutrals ντ)=(0.097±0.005±0.011)%, B(3π−2π+ντ)=(0.077±0.005 ±0.009)%, B(3π−2π+π0ντ)=(0.019±0.004±0.004)%, and B(3π−2π+2π0ντ)B(3π−2π−π0ντ) is measured for the first time by exclusive π0 reconstruction. The results are compared with the predictions from the partially conserved-axial-current and conserved-vector-current hypotheses assuming isospin invariance.

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Measurement Of Cabibbo-Suppressed Decays Of The Τ Lepton, Battle, M.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas Jan 1994

Measurement Of Cabibbo-Suppressed Decays Of The Τ Lepton, Battle, M.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

No abstract provided.

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Measurement Of The Cross Section For Γγ→Pp̄, Artuso, M.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas Jan 1994

Measurement Of The Cross Section For Γγ→Pp̄, Artuso, M.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

No abstract provided.

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Resolving Attribute Incompatibility In Database Integration: An Evidential Reasoning Approach, Ee-Peng Lim, Shashi Shekhar Jan 1994

Resolving Attribute Incompatibility In Database Integration: An Evidential Reasoning Approach, Ee-Peng Lim, Shashi Shekhar

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Resolving domain incompatibility among independently developed databases often involves uncertain information. DeMichiel (1989) showed that uncertain information can be generated by the mapping of conflicting attributes to a common domain, based on some domain knowledge. The authors show that uncertain information can also arise when the database integration process requires information not directly represented in the component databases, but can be obtained through some summary of data. They therefore propose an extended relational model based on Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence (1976) to incorporate such uncertain knowledge about the source databases. They also develop a full set of extended relational operations …

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Black May, Ngos And Post-State Politics, William A. Callahan Jan 1994

Black May, Ngos And Post-State Politics, William A. Callahan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Survival ... is learning how to take our differences and make them strengths. For the master's tools will never dismantle the master's house. They may allow us temporarily to beat him at his own game, but they will never enable us to bring about genuine change.

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The Court Of Appeal's Lack Of Jurisdiction To Reopen Appeals: Abdullah Bin A Rahman V Public Prosecutor; Lim Choon Chye V Public Prosecutor, Jack Tsen-Ta Lee Jan 1994

The Court Of Appeal's Lack Of Jurisdiction To Reopen Appeals: Abdullah Bin A Rahman V Public Prosecutor; Lim Choon Chye V Public Prosecutor, Jack Tsen-Ta Lee

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

It is ironic that Abdullah bin A Rahman v PP and Lim Choon Chye v PP were decided in the aftermath of the Birmingham Six, Guildford Four and Maguire Seven cases from the United Kingdom. As in these cases, Abdullah and Lim Choon Chye highlight a serious flaw in our criminal justice system: there appears to be no appropriate way to correct miscarriages of justice. The purpose of this case note is to set out the conclusions reached by the Court of Appeal and to suggest directions for the future.

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R&D-Marketing Integration Mechanisms, Communication Flows, And Innovation Success, Rudy K. Moenaert, William E. Souder, Arnoud De Meyer, Dirk Deschoolmeester Jan 1994

R&D-Marketing Integration Mechanisms, Communication Flows, And Innovation Success, Rudy K. Moenaert, William E. Souder, Arnoud De Meyer, Dirk Deschoolmeester

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The authors report the results of their study of forty technologically innovative Belgian companies to examine the interaction between marketing and R&D. They studied one commercially successful and one commercially unsuccessful technological product innovation project in each participating company and collected data from one marketing and one R&D respondent per project. Communication flows between marketing and R&D are increased under conditions involving formalization of projects, decentralization, positive inter-functional climate, and role flexibility.

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The Vehicle Quota System In Singapore: An Assessment, Winston T. H. Koh, David K. C. Lee Jan 1994

The Vehicle Quota System In Singapore: An Assessment, Winston T. H. Koh, David K. C. Lee

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper reviews the developments since the vehicle quota system was introduced in Singapore in May 1990. We discuss the bidding strategies for the certificates of entitlement (COE) under both the transferable and nontransferable auctions, as well as the equity of the present system and the desirability of transferable COEs. We argue that the COE auction should be made discriminatory and propose an alternative system of COE auction that we feel is both equitable and at the same time politically acceptable. We also survey developments in market competition in the car industry.

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Measurement Of The Branching Fraction For D+K-++, Balest, R.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas Jan 1994

Measurement Of The Branching Fraction For D+K-++, Balest, R.; Et Al., M. Thulasidas

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Using the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring we have measured the ratio of branching fractions, B(D+K-++)/(D0K-+)=2.350.160.16. Our recent measurement of scrB(D0K-+) then gives scrB(D+K-++)=(9.30.60.8)%.

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Hugh Clifford And Frank Swettenham: Environmental Cognition And The Malayan Colonial Process, Victor R. Savage, Lily Kong Jan 1994

Hugh Clifford And Frank Swettenham: Environmental Cognition And The Malayan Colonial Process, Victor R. Savage, Lily Kong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

George Perkins Marsh has successfully highlighted the importance of the subjective in "seeing". Without precisely labelling the process as a "cognitive" one, Marsh nevertheless recognised that people's perceptions and evaluations are significant filters in the understanding of any social "reality". In the same vein, Gailey (1982:ix) has also pointed out that people are not "mere reflections of a period. They impose their own order and vision upon their times". In this paper, we will focus specifically on this cognitive element; in particular, we have chosen two people of similar sex, nationality and professions, working in Malaya in the same period, …

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A Case Of Signed But Not Necessarily Sealed: Hong Leong Finance, Kee Yang Low Jan 1994

A Case Of Signed But Not Necessarily Sealed: Hong Leong Finance, Kee Yang Low

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

ASSUME you are a bank officer who has recently approved a loan to a company and, as security, you have taken a guarantee from three directors. Through an unfortunate turn of events, the company defaults and is wound up.

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