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Articles 601 - 630 of 698
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Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection. Risk Factors, Rates And Trends, Saeed M. Al-Asmary, Nabil S. Al-Helali, Moataz M. Abdel-Fattah, Tawfiq M. Al-Jabban, Abdellatif M. Al-Bamri
Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection. Risk Factors, Rates And Trends, Saeed M. Al-Asmary, Nabil S. Al-Helali, Moataz M. Abdel-Fattah, Tawfiq M. Al-Jabban, Abdellatif M. Al-Bamri
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: This report aims at both estimation of the rates of overall nosocomial and urinary tract infection (UTI) and their linear trends as well as studying the potential risk factors of patients admitted to Al-Hada, Rehab and Prince Sultan military hospitals and developed nosocomial UTIs (NUTIs). METHODS: A case-control study on 206 discharged patients with confirmed UTI and 618 controls without UTI was caried out between August 2001 through to July 2003 to study risk factors for nosocomial UTI as well as hospital records during the period (1998-2002) were reviewed for calculation of the overall annual nosocomial infection and nosocomial …
Outbreak Of Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Shabih Manzar
Outbreak Of Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Shabih Manzar
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Acute Gluteal Abscess Due To Chloroquine Injection In Sudanese Pregnant Woman, Ishag Adam, Mustafa I. Elbashir
Acute Gluteal Abscess Due To Chloroquine Injection In Sudanese Pregnant Woman, Ishag Adam, Mustafa I. Elbashir
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Epstein-Barr Virus Expression In Hodgkin S Disease In Jordan, Nidal M. Almasri, Hasan S. Khalidi
Epstein-Barr Virus Expression In Hodgkin S Disease In Jordan, Nidal M. Almasri, Hasan S. Khalidi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with many hematopoietic malignancies including Hodgkin9s disease (HD). The association of HD correlates with the histologic subtype, age of presentation and geographic location. Our aims were to find out if EBV is associated with Jordanian HD; and if EBV association exists, to determine its relationship to certain age groups or specific histologic subtypes of HD; and finally to establish whether such association follows patterns seen in developing or developed countries. METHODS: We have examined 64 cases of HD diagnosed in 2 major medical centers in Jordan for evidence of EBV association. We used …
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Clinical Isolates Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Asma M. Al-Jasser, Noura A. Elkhizzi
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Clinical Isolates Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Asma M. Al-Jasser, Noura A. Elkhizzi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of resistance to the widely used antipseudomonal antibiotics in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). METHODS: The microbiology database of all clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa at the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from January 1999 to December 1999 was reviewed. The antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by a standardized method. RESULTS: Seven hundred and four P. aeruginosa isolates were tested. These strains were commonly isolated from surgical patients followed by intensive care units. Respiratory tract was the most common source of isolation. The antibiotic susceptibility rates were as follows: ciprofloxacin 92.2%, …
Awareness Of Hepatitis B Virus Among Undergraduate Medical And Non-Medical Students, Ali A. Al-Jabri, Samir Al-Adawi, Jehan H. Al-Abri, Said H. Al-Dhahry
Awareness Of Hepatitis B Virus Among Undergraduate Medical And Non-Medical Students, Ali A. Al-Jabri, Samir Al-Adawi, Jehan H. Al-Abri, Said H. Al-Dhahry
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the awareness of Omani medical and non-medical students of hepatitis-B virus (HBV) infection. METHODS: A structured questionnaire of 31 different statements concerning basic knowledge of HBV, its modes of transmission, diagnosis, risk behaviors, prevention, treatment, beliefs as well as attitudes towards patients with HBV infection were distributed to 280 students (154 females and 126 males). Of these 138 were pre-clinical medical students and 142 were non-medical students. The study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman during the period of 2001 to 2003. RESULTS: The majority of the students (75%) were aware that HBV …
The Cytokine Tnf-Alpha. Genetics And Suitability For Prenatal Risks Assessment, El-Harith A. El-Harith
The Cytokine Tnf-Alpha. Genetics And Suitability For Prenatal Risks Assessment, El-Harith A. El-Harith
Saudi Medical Journal
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) is a cytokine known as a mediator of inflammation and immunity. The genes coding the tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta are considered part of class III major histocompatability complex. The 2 involved genes have been mapped to chromosome 6. Certain mutations in the TNF-alpha gene are believed to be causative for increased production of the cytokine. In this respect, the most common variant is the TNF2 allele, a single nucleotide substitution of guanine by adenine at position -308 relative to the promoter transcription site of the gene. Elevated production of TNF-alpha has been found …
Primary Actinomycosis Of The Abdominal Wall, Kamran Khalid, Shabir A. Qazi, Khalid A. Al-Saleh
Primary Actinomycosis Of The Abdominal Wall, Kamran Khalid, Shabir A. Qazi, Khalid A. Al-Saleh
Saudi Medical Journal
Primary actinomycosis of the abdominal wall is a rare clinical entity. Only 7 adequately described cases have been reported in the English literature. We report a case of isolated abdominal wall actinomycosis involving the left lower quadrant of the abdominal wall in a 32-year-old diabetic male. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Surgical drainage of the abscess followed by long-term administration of penicillin resulted in cure. The clinicopathological spectrum of actinomycosis is reviewed and isolated involvement of the abdominal wall is characterized in light of the knowledge acquired from the available literature on this rare clinical presentation. The significance …
Katayama Syndrome, Mohamed I. Yasawy
Katayama Syndrome, Mohamed I. Yasawy
Saudi Medical Journal
Two schoolboys from a non-endemic region visited an endemic area of Schistosomiasis in Yemen. They developed cutaneous itching after swimming in infected ponds. Five weeks later both brothers were admitted to the hospital with high fever, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. The blood results exhibited marked eosinophilia and schistosomal serological test showed an evidence of exposure. Initially, stool examinations were negative, but the sigmoidoscopy was suggestive for acute bilharzial colitis and the biopsy showed schistosoma ova; a finding consistent with Katayama syndrome. Both patients treated with Praziquantel, and they became asymptomatic, and the eosinophilia normalized. This report shows the importance …
Food Poisoning In Saudi Arabia. Potential For Prevention?, Yagob Y. Al-Mazrou
Food Poisoning In Saudi Arabia. Potential For Prevention?, Yagob Y. Al-Mazrou
Saudi Medical Journal
Food poisoning is becoming a very important health problem both internationally and in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Salmonella species (spp) is the most important pathogen, but due to the extensive effort carried by the health authorities to prevent or eradicate communicable diseases, new pathogens are now emerging such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Norwalk like viruses. This review paper highlights the magnitude and determinants of food poisoning internationally and in KSA, and proposes some recommendations on its prevention. Clearly, there is a steady increase in the food poisoning accidents in KSA, especially during the summer months and …
Intestinal Parasites Among Presumably Healthy Individuals In Lebanon, Bassem R. Saab, Umaya Musharrafieh, Nabil T. Nassar, Mustafa Khogali, George F. Araj
Intestinal Parasites Among Presumably Healthy Individuals In Lebanon, Bassem R. Saab, Umaya Musharrafieh, Nabil T. Nassar, Mustafa Khogali, George F. Araj
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence period of intestinal parasites among presumably healthy subjects in Lebanon. METHODS: One stool specimen from 2634 presumably healthy Lebanese subjects, mean age 32.1 years with a range of 14-71 years, resident of different areas in Lebanon was examined for the presence of parasites. The analysis took place in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, over 25-months between 1995-1997. RESULTS: The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 12.4%. The most common parasites identified were Escherichia coli (3.8%), Giardia lamblia (3.1%) and Entamoeba histolytica (2.3%). CONCLUSION: …
Prevalence Of Hbv, Hcv, Hiv-1, 2 And Htlv-I/Ii Infections Among Blood Donors In A Teaching Hospital In The Central Region Of Saudi Arabia, Malak M. El-Hazmi
Prevalence Of Hbv, Hcv, Hiv-1, 2 And Htlv-I/Ii Infections Among Blood Donors In A Teaching Hospital In The Central Region Of Saudi Arabia, Malak M. El-Hazmi
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Several infectious diseases are transmissible by blood transfusion, especially viral infections. The most common blood-transmitted viruses are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These viruses cause fatal, chronic and life-threatening disorders. The prevalence of these viruses varies by nationality and geography. The purpose of this study was to establish the current prevalence of hepatitis viruses (B and C) and human retroviruses (HIV-1, 2 and human T-lymphotropic virus type I and II, HTLV-I /II) among blood donors at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: Serological markers of …
Candida Guilliermondii Fungemia. To Treat Or Not To Treat, Shabih Manzar, Shabih Manzar
Candida Guilliermondii Fungemia. To Treat Or Not To Treat, Shabih Manzar, Shabih Manzar
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Disease Burden And Case Management Of Bacterial Meningitis Among Children Under 5 Years Of Age In Saudi Arabia, Yagob Y. Al-Mazrou, Elgeili K. Musa, Mohamed N. Abdalla, Mohamed H. Al-Jeffri, Sami H. Al-Hajjar, Omer M. Mohamed
Disease Burden And Case Management Of Bacterial Meningitis Among Children Under 5 Years Of Age In Saudi Arabia, Yagob Y. Al-Mazrou, Elgeili K. Musa, Mohamed N. Abdalla, Mohamed H. Al-Jeffri, Sami H. Al-Hajjar, Omer M. Mohamed
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to explore the case management and disease burden of bacterial meningitis among children below the age of 5 years in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study was conducted during June 1999 through to May 2001 in 8 hospitals from 5 cities in different areas of the country. Those were, King Fahad Specialist Hospital and Maternity & Children Hospital, Buraidah, Belgorashi General Hospital and King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Al-Baha, Maternity & Children Hospital and Ohud Hospital, Al-Madina, Al-Qatif General Hospital in the Eastern Region and Prince Abdulrahman Bin Ahmed Alsudairy Central Hospital, …
A Comparative Study On The Application Of 3 Molecular Methods In Epidemiological Typing Of Bacterial Isolates Using Mrsa As A Prototype, Sahar I. Al-Thawadi, George Kessie, Damian Dela Cruz, Mohammed N. Al-Ahdal
A Comparative Study On The Application Of 3 Molecular Methods In Epidemiological Typing Of Bacterial Isolates Using Mrsa As A Prototype, Sahar I. Al-Thawadi, George Kessie, Damian Dela Cruz, Mohammed N. Al-Ahdal
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare 3 widely used molecular techniques, namely, restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (REAP), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for their suitability and usefulness in the typing and fingerprinting of bacterial isolates. METHODS: Twenty-four epidemiologically unrelated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were used to evaluate the molecular typing methods (REAP, RAPD and PFGE). The study was conducted at the Research and Diagnostic Laboratories of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center from January 2002 through January 2003. RESULTS: Only 20.8% of all isolates studied were of the same genotypes by …
Tetanus Experience In A Public Hospital In Western Saudi Arabia, Eman H. Lubbad, Adil M. Khazindar, Muhammad Ayyub
Tetanus Experience In A Public Hospital In Western Saudi Arabia, Eman H. Lubbad, Adil M. Khazindar, Muhammad Ayyub
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Tetanus although rare, has not been eradicated and continues to present from time to time. Early diagnosis and management may be life saving. This study aims to evaluate all patients admitted with clinical diagnosis of tetanus in King Abdul-Aziz Hospital Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over the last 3 years. METHODS: All patients admitted with clinical diagnosis of Tetanus in King Abdul-Aziz Hospital and Oncology Center from January 2000 through to December 2002 were retrospectively reviewed and data was analyzed to determine the demographic features, clinical details, management, and outcome of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 11 patients were …
The Burden Of Infections And Child Health In Iraq, Ibrahim M. Khan, Rashid Chotani, Khaled Yassin, Samreen Khan, Ulrich Laaser
The Burden Of Infections And Child Health In Iraq, Ibrahim M. Khan, Rashid Chotani, Khaled Yassin, Samreen Khan, Ulrich Laaser
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
The Oral Hygiene Habits Of School Students In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Khalid Almas, Emad O. Al-Shwaimi, Hamed S. Al-Shamrani, Nils Skaug
The Oral Hygiene Habits Of School Students In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Khalid Almas, Emad O. Al-Shwaimi, Hamed S. Al-Shamrani, Nils Skaug
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
A New Era For Preventive Genetic Programs In The Arabian Peninsula, Ali N. Al-Odaib, Khaled K. Abu-Amero, Pinar T. Ozand, Ali M. Al-Hellani
A New Era For Preventive Genetic Programs In The Arabian Peninsula, Ali N. Al-Odaib, Khaled K. Abu-Amero, Pinar T. Ozand, Ali M. Al-Hellani
Saudi Medical Journal
In the Arabian Peninsula, high percentages of consanguineous marriages and the tribal nature of marriages have resulted in high incidence of genetically based disorders. The successful management of these disorders incurs a high financial cost, which is a great burden on the health care system. The practical solution to this problem is through prevention. Prevention of genetic disorders should be the utmost public health concern especially where these disorders are prevalent. Preventive genetics became possible with the advent of biochemical and molecular technologies. Biochemical neonatal screening based on tandem mass spectrometry technology and molecular technologies such as sequencing, DNA microarray …
Prevalence Of Hepatitis B Virus And Hepatitis C Virus In Health Workers In 3 Major Hospitals In Aden, Republic Of Yemen, Ahmed S. Al-Jarba, Waleed M. Al-Sayyari
Prevalence Of Hepatitis B Virus And Hepatitis C Virus In Health Workers In 3 Major Hospitals In Aden, Republic Of Yemen, Ahmed S. Al-Jarba, Waleed M. Al-Sayyari
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Toxoplasmosis In Pregnant Sudanese Women, Amir Elnahas, Abd S. Gerais, Mustafa I. Elbashir, Eltoum S. Eldien, Ishag Adam
Toxoplasmosis In Pregnant Sudanese Women, Amir Elnahas, Abd S. Gerais, Mustafa I. Elbashir, Eltoum S. Eldien, Ishag Adam
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to conduct a sero-epidemiological survey of toxoplasmosis in pregnant Sudanese women. METHODS: Four hundred and eighty-seven pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Khartoum and Omdurman, Maternity Hospitals, Sudan during the period June through to December 2000 were counselled for socio-demographic and obstetrical risk factors for toxoplasmosis, and screened for immunoglobin G (IgG) and IgM anti-toxoplasma antibodies using enzyme linked immunoassay. RESULTS: Immunoglobin G anti-toxoplasma antibodies were positive (titre > 11 IU/ml) in 166/487 (34.1%), while 321/487(65.9%) were sero-negative. The sera of 35 women showed very high titres (>100 IU/ml), 5/35 (14.3%) were IgM-positive. …
Sars: The Emergence Of A New Epidemic, Fahad A. Al-Ateeg
Sars: The Emergence Of A New Epidemic, Fahad A. Al-Ateeg
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Knowledge, Beliefs And Perception Of Youth Toward Acne Vulgaris, Ibrahim A. Al-Hoqail
Knowledge, Beliefs And Perception Of Youth Toward Acne Vulgaris, Ibrahim A. Al-Hoqail
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, concepts and perceptions of the youth towards Acne. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 700 students of both genders from all geographic areas in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the year 2001. They were asked to complete a self administered questionnaire that contained several items measuring different areas in there beliefs, knowledge and perceptions about acne. Acne and non-acne sufferers were included. Responses were matched with demographic data. RESULTS: Five hundred and seventeen students (73.9%) responded to the questionnaire. Male and female responders were 267 (51.6%) and 250 (48.4%). More …
Hemophilus Influenzae Serotype-B Meningitis In An Adult Immunocompetent Patient, Hanan A. Babay, Awadh R. Al-Anazy, Abubakar B. Saidu, Abdelmageed M. Kambal
Hemophilus Influenzae Serotype-B Meningitis In An Adult Immunocompetent Patient, Hanan A. Babay, Awadh R. Al-Anazy, Abubakar B. Saidu, Abdelmageed M. Kambal
Saudi Medical Journal
We present a case of meningitis caused by Hemophilus influenzae type-b in an immunocompetent 41-year-old Saudi lady. The patient was successfully treated with Ceftriaxone for 10 days. A review of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis in adults and the impact of conjugated vaccine on the epidemiology of the disease are given.
A Hematological Survey Of Preschool Children Of The United Arab Emirates, Campbell J. Miller, Earl V. Dunn, Bertel Berg, Sameeh F. Abdouni
A Hematological Survey Of Preschool Children Of The United Arab Emirates, Campbell J. Miller, Earl V. Dunn, Bertel Berg, Sameeh F. Abdouni
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Anemia is common worldwide, particularly in developing countries including states of the Arabian Peninsular. The purpose of this study was to produce a hematological profile of preschool national children of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS: From April 2000 to October 2000, a cross-sectional community clinic-based capillary blood survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 1-5-year-old Emirati children attending a Primary Health Care Center in Al-Ain, UAE. Those children with capillary hemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values below predetermined cutoffs were offered venous blood hematological workup. A random sample of children with values above those …
Febrile Neutropenia. Etiology Of Infection, Empirical Treatment And Prophylaxis, Ahmed T. Eltahawy
Febrile Neutropenia. Etiology Of Infection, Empirical Treatment And Prophylaxis, Ahmed T. Eltahawy
Saudi Medical Journal
Much has changed in the treatment of patients with fever and neutropenia, including the patterns of microbial flora and drug resistance, and the drugs used. Gram-positive organisms have overshadowed the gram-negative ones as causes of bacteremia. Changes in therapy may include antimicrobials directed against gram-positive bacteria, resistant gram-negative bacteria, or fungi. Due to the high risk for colonization by vancomycin resistant Enterococci, vancomycin use is restricted as first line empiric therapy unless the patient is at high-risk for serious gram-positive infection. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy may increase the selection of resistant strains and should be avoided. Therapy with colony stimulating factor …
Trend Of Antibiotic Resistance In 1316 Shigella Strains Isolated In Bahrain, Affaf E. Jamsheer
Trend Of Antibiotic Resistance In 1316 Shigella Strains Isolated In Bahrain, Affaf E. Jamsheer
Saudi Medical Journal
No abstract provided.
Knowledge And Attitudes Of Undergraduate Medical And Non-Medical Students In Sultan Qaboos University Toward Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Ali A. Al-Jabri, Jehan H. Al-Abri
Knowledge And Attitudes Of Undergraduate Medical And Non-Medical Students In Sultan Qaboos University Toward Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Ali A. Al-Jabri, Jehan H. Al-Abri
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of Omani medical and non-medical students in Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), toward acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: A structured questionnaire of 40 different statements concerning basic knowledge of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), its modes of transmission, diagnosis, risk behaviors, prevention, treatment, beliefs as well as attitudes towards AIDS patients were distributed to 200 students (109 females and 91 males). One hundred and sixteen were pre-clinical students and 84 were non-medical students. This study was carried out during the period October 2001 through to June 2002. RESULTS: Most of the students …
Multi-Drug Resistance Of Escherichia Coli From The Urinary Tract, Akbar M. Rafay, Herbert N. Nsanze
Multi-Drug Resistance Of Escherichia Coli From The Urinary Tract, Akbar M. Rafay, Herbert N. Nsanze
Saudi Medical Journal
OBJECTIVE: Resistance to antimicrobials of different structural classes has arisen in a multitude of bacterial species. This may complicate the therapeutic management of infections, including those of the urinary tract. The aim of this study is to show that antibiotic resistance surveillance is essential. METHODS: A total of 11,126 urine samples were received at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, for one year period (2001), they were cultured for bacterial pathogen and sensitivity was performed for all significant isolates. RESULTS: Eight hundred and eighty-four samples were culture positive with Escherichia coli (E.coli) (N=445) as the most common …
Travel Epidemiology. Who Perspective, Hussein A. Gezairy
Travel Epidemiology. Who Perspective, Hussein A. Gezairy
Saudi Medical Journal
International travel is undertaken by large, and ever increasing numbers of people for professional, social, recreational and humanitarian purposes, and this upward trend looks set to continue. Travelers are exposed to a variety of health risks of the unfamiliar environment of the visited area. The risk of exposure is determined by destination, duration of the visit, purpose of the visit, behavior of the traveler and underlying physical and biological status of the traveler. However, most risks can be minimized by suitable precautions taken before, during and after travel. Travelers can themselves, also, easily introduce any infectious agents they may harbor …