Digital Commons Network^™

Improving Communication And Pilot Safety: Understanding Asr Systems And Their Inherent Biases, Mackenzie Richards

American Journal of Rising Scholar Activities

The Partnership to Enhance General Aviation Safety, Accessibility and Sustainability (PEGASAS) is a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Center of Excellence for General Aviation. The mission of PEGASAS is to enhance general aviation safety, accessibility, and sustainability by partnering the FAA with a national network of world-class researchers, educators, and industry leaders. Weather information devices currently used in the general aviation aircraft market are highly advanced and provide detailed and timely meteorological information to pilots. Upon its introduction, it was expected that this technology would lead to a decrease in weather related accidents, but that has not been the case. When …

Sow Temperature Probe Design, Javier Flores

American Journal of Rising Scholar Activities

With temperatures increasing steadily throughout the last century, the swine production industry is beginning to confront an increasingly urgent dilemma. Ambient barn temperatures are now regularly exceeding ideal conditions for optimal milk production, as well as maximum litter size. Temperatures that exceed these conditions can lead to heat stress among sows, which can ultimately lead to death. With sows usually being housed in larger group settings, keeping track of an individual sow’s temperature has never been harder. The focus of this project is efficiently tracking the internal vaginal temperature of a sow. A prototype probe was developed and consists of …

Caring For And Extracting Data From Rats With High-Thoracic Spinal Cord Injuries, Misael Rodriguez

American Journal of Rising Scholar Activities

Individuals who suffer from spinal cord injuries are very susceptible to autonomic dysreflexia, which unfortunately can lead to death in many cases. By studying this injury, a better understanding of the topic can be achieved, along with potential direction for assistive technologies. The purpose of this study was to ensure that rats with High-Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury were being properly cared for throughout the experimental acclimation process, with proper housing, surgical procedures, diet, and post-operative care. In the lab, these objectives were met, and then blood pressure and electrocardiography recordings were taken before and after the animal was paralyzed. This …

Technological Innovations And Design Thinking For Policing And Social Justice, Kiera Edwards

American Journal of Rising Scholar Activities

The outcome of interactions between police and citizens is widely held to vary according to the identity of the individual being questioned. This has been a recognized as an issue in law enforcement for some time. This paper will review information on new hard and soft policing technologies and strategies that are designed to reduce the possibilities of police-citizen interactions taking a turn for the worse. In addition to various non-lethal technologies, Artificial Intelligence is often viewed as a potential means of eliminating bias in police interactions. While the literature seems to show some potential for this technology, the end …

Coronal Mass Ejections, Alex Echeverria

American Journal of Rising Scholar Activities

The underlying dynamics of solar processes are a topic of considerable interest, because the events on the surface of the Sun directly affect the environment of our planet. Certain ‘storms’ that erupt in the outer layers of the Sun can propel masses of electrically charged plasma into the solar system. If the path of that material crosses Earth’s orbit, it can disrupt our societal electronic and satellite resources. Observing and analyzing these events is a first step toward predicting them and hardening our equipment against them. This work reviews how solar scientists collect and view this data on coronal mass …

Hydrogen Embrittlement In Martensitic Stainless Steels And Dual Phase Steels, Britney Bailey

American Journal of Rising Scholar Activities

Hydrogen embrittlement is a phenomenon of hydrogen diffusion into a metal alloy that can cause it to become brittle and fracture. Embrittlement is a critical issue in advanced high strength steels, such as martensitic stainless steels (MSS) and dual phase steels (DPS), and hence, it is necessary to understand this phenomenon to avoid premature material failure under similar conditions. The goal of the current research is to study the changes in the mechanical properties of these steels following the introduction of hydrogen. Samples in this study were cut and polished to conduct hardness measurements before and after electrochemical hydrogen charging. …

Opening Thoughts, Virginia Booth Womack

American Journal of Rising Scholar Activities

No abstract provided.

U-No: U-Shaped Neural Operators, Md Ashiqur Rahman, Zachary E Ross, Kamyar Azizzadenesheli

Department of Computer Science Faculty Publications

Neural operators generalize classical neural networks to maps between infinite-dimensional spaces, e.g., function spaces. Prior works on neural operators proposed a series of novel methods to learn such maps and demonstrated unprecedented success in learning solution operators of partial differential equations. Due to their close proximity to fully connected architectures, these models mainly suffer from high memory usage and are generally limited to shallow deep learning models. In this paper, we propose U-shaped Neural Operator (U-NO), a U-shaped memory enhanced architecture that allows for deeper neural operators. U-NOs exploit the problem structures in function predictions and demonstrate fast training, data …

The Future Of Mobility-As-A-Service: Trust Transfer Across Automated Mobilities, From Road To Sidewalk, Jacob G. Hunter, Elise Ulwelling, Matthew Konishi, Noah Michelini, Akhil Modali, Anne Mendoza, Jessie Snyder, Shashank Mehrotra, Zhaobo Zheng, Anil R. Kumar, Kumar Akash, Teruhisa Misu, Neera Jain, Tahira Reid

School of Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

While trust in different types of automated vehicles has been a major focus for researchers and vehicle manufacturers, few studies have explored how people trust automated vehicles that are not cars, nor how their trust may transfer across different mobilities enabled with automation. To address this objective, a dual mobility study was designed to measure how trust in an automated vehicle with a familiar form factor—a car—compares to, and influences, trust in a novel automated vehicle—termed sidewalk mobility. A mixed-method approach involving both surveys and a semi-structured interview was used to characterize trust in these automated mobilities. Results found that …

Combining Granular Aerogels With Additively Manufactured Porous Structures For Broadband Sound Absorption, L. Paige Nobles, Yutong Xue, J Stuart Bolton, Bhisham Sharma

Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories

Our recent investigation [1] showed that the absorption behavior of granular aerogel agglomerates with average particle diameters less than 50μm is dominated by periodically spaced, high absorption peaks and troughs. While the absorption peaks, especially at lower frequencies, are desirable from an engineering application perspective, overcoming the loss in high frequency performance remains a challenge. Furthermore, the practical application of granular aerogels is limited by the difficulty in handling them. In this work, we propose a new design for a broadband noise absorber achieved by layering the aerogel granules within a 3D printed porous network. The design provides …

Study Of The Impact Of Boundary Conditions On Acoustical Behavior Of Granular Materials And Their Implementation In The Finite Difference Method, Zhuang Mo, Guochenhao Song, Tongyang Shi, J Stuart Bolton

Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories

Granular materials display significant differences in their acoustical response when tested in a standing wave tube, compared with the behavior of more traditional sound absorbing materials such as fibrous webs and foams. The latter materials can often be modeled as an equivalent fluid with the further assumption that the material properties do not depend on the input signal level. In contrast, the level dependence of the acoustical behavior of granular materials has been observed in measurements of glass bubbles, as reported in previous studies, for example. When the input level is low, the absorption coefficient of the glass bubble stack …

Prediction Of Acoustical Behavior Of Granular Material Stacks As Measured In A Standing Wave Tube By Using A Biot Theory-Based Model, Zhuang Mo, Guochenhao Song, Tongyang Shi, J Stuart Bolton

Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories

The acoustical behavior of granular materials, such as activated carbon and silica gel, has drawn attention in recent studies, due to their favorable properties such as good low frequency sound absorption. Like other more traditional porous materials, granular materials can also be tested in a standing wave tube for a convenient assessment of their acoustical properties. However, the behavior of granular materials stacked in a standing tube is more complex than that of traditional materials. For example, the response of lightweight glass bubbles reveals a clear dependence on the sound pressure level of the input signal. Also, when tested in …

Identification Of Novel Anti-Amoebic Pharmacophores From Kinase Inhibitor Chemotypes, Lori Ferrins, Melissa J. Buskes, Madison M. Kapteyn, Hannah N. Engels, Suzanne E. Enos, Chenyang Lu, Dana M. Klug, Baljinder Singh, Antonio Quotadamo, Kelly Bachovchin, Westley F. Tear, Andrew E. Spaulding, Katherine C. Forbes, Seema Bag, Mitch Rivers, Catherine Leblanc, Erin Burchfield, Jeremy R. Armand, Rosario Diaz-Gonzalez, Gloria Ceballos-Perez, Raquel Garcia-Hernandez, Guiomar Perez-Moreno, Cristina Bosch-Navarrete, Claudia Gomez-Linan, Luis Miguel Ruiz-Perez, Francisco Gamarro, Dolores Gonzalez-Pacanowska, Miguel Navarro, Kojo Mensa-Wilmot, Michael P. Pollastri, Dennis E. Kyle, Christopher A. Rice

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Acanthamoeba species, Naegleria fowleri, and Balamuthia mandrillaris are opportunistic pathogens that cause a range of brain, skin, eye, and disseminated diseases in humans and animals. These pathogenic free-living amoebae (pFLA) are commonly misdiagnosed and have sub-optimal treatment regimens which contribute to the extremely high mortality rates (>90%) when they infect the central nervous system. To address the unmet medical need for effective therapeutics, we screened kinase inhibitor chemotypes against three pFLA using phenotypic drug assays involving CellTiter-Glo 2.0. Herein, we report the activity of the compounds against the trophozoite stage of each of the three amoebae, ranging from …

Environment Knowledge-Driven Generic Models To Detect Coughs From Audio Recordings, Sudip Vhaduri, Sayanton V. Dibbo, Yugyeong Kim

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Goal: Millions of people are dying due to respiratory diseases, such as COVID-19 and asthma, which are often characterized by some common symptoms, including coughing. Therefore, objective reporting of cough symptoms utilizing environment-adaptive machine-learning models with microphone sensing can directly contribute to respiratory disease diagnosis and patient care. Methods: In this work, we present three generic modeling approaches - unguided, semi-guided, and guided approaches considering three potential scenarios, i.e., when a user has no prior knowledge, some knowledge, and detailed knowledge about the environments, respectively. Results: From detailed analysis with three datasets, we find that guided models are …

A Textile Architecture-Based Discrete Modeling Approach To Simulating Fabric Draping Processes, Qingxuan Wei, Dianyun Zhang

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Fabric draping, which is referred to as the process of forming of textile reinforcements over a 3D mold, is a critical stage in composites manufacturing since it determines the fiber orientation that affects subsequent infusion and curing processes and the resulting structural performance. The goal of this study is to predict the fabric deformation during the draping process and develop in-depth understanding of fabric deformation through an architecture-based discrete Finite Element Analysis (FEA). A new, efficient discrete fabric modeling approach is proposed by representing textile architecture using virtual fiber tows modeled as Timoshenko beams and connected by the springs and …

Continuing Education At Purdue University, 1975–2019, Thomas Robertson, Michael Eddy

Continuing Education

Continuing Education at Purdue University, 1975–2019 is intended to provide a follow-up to the monograph written by Dr. Frank K. Burrin after his retirement as director of Purdue Continuing Education in 1984, Continuing Education at Purdue University: The First Hundred Years (1874–1974). Burrin became ill shortly after his retirement, and he was not able to complete his project. His notes were later compiled, edited, and published by Elizabeth Boyd Thompson.

This monograph presents forty-five years of the history of Continuing Education and Conferences at Purdue under the leadership of eight deans and directors.

Design And Optimization Of Lightweight Porous Damping Treatments, Yutong Xue, J Stuart Bolton

Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories

Here, it is shown that properly-designed limp porous materials such as fibrous layers can provide damping equivalent to conventional viscoelastic dampers while providing advantages such as light weight and effective sound absorption. This then allows porous layers to be used as multi-functional noise and vibration control solutions in automotive and aerospace applications. It has also been found that the addition of bulk elasticity to the solid phase of the porous medium is beneficial since it improves damping performance compared to equivalent limp treatments. In this study, porous media, such as fibers and foams, were designed to serve as treatments for …

A Hybrid Compressive Approach To Noise Source Visualization: Application To A Diesel Engine, Tongyang Shi, J Stuart Bolton, Frank Eberhardt

Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories

To identify sound source locations by using Fourier-based Near-field Acoustical Holography (NAH), a large number of microphone measurements is generally required to span the source region and ensure a sufficiently high spatial sampling rate. As a result, such measurements are costly, a fact which has discouraged the industrial application of NAH to identify sound source locations. However, recently, compressive sensing approaches have made it feasible to identify concentrated sound sources with a limited number of microphone measurements. In the present work, sound radiation from the front face of a diesel engine was measured by using one set of measurements from …

Stories Of Leadership: Leading With Empathy Through The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jennifer S. Linvill, Gloria O. Onosu

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Leader–follower interactions during times of complexity are critical in managing rapid change demands and ensuring organizational sustainability. Between early 2020 and 2023, many organizations worldwide witnessed an unprecedented need for organizational change that rapidly transformed the work environment. This study focused on understanding the contexts of leader and follower interactions during times of change using the shifting organizational landscapes of the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying a qualitative methodology, we collected data from 12 leaders across multiple business sectors in Africa, Asia, and the United States using semi-structured interviews. We then transcribed the interviews and applied an iterative phronetic approach to analyze …

Estimating A Model Of Forward-Looking Behavior With Discrete Choice Experiments: The Case Of Lifetime Hunting License Demand, Yusun Kim, Carson Reeling, Nicole Olynk Widmar, John G. Lee

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Sales of deer licenses, one of the most important revenue sources for wildlife management at the Indiana Department of Natural Resources (IDNR), have been declining for a decade. To increase its revenue, the IDNR is considering introducing a new lifetime deer license for sale. This license would allow hunters to harvest deer (and possibly other species) each year for the rest of their lives in exchange for a relatively large up-front fee. The forward-looking nature of the decision to buy a lifetime license means hunters' choice behavior is necessarily dynamic. Prior work estimates preferences for long-lived, durable goods using standard …

Critical Nematic Correlations Throughout The Superconducting Doping Range In Bi2−Zpbzsr2−Ylaycuo6+X, Can-Li Song, Elizabeth J. Main, Forrest Simmons, Shuo Liu, Benjamin Phillabaum, Karin A. Dahmen, Eric W. Hudson, Jennifer E. Hoffman, Erica W. Carlson

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Charge modulations have been widely observed in cuprates, suggesting their centrality for understanding the high-Tc superconductivity in these materials. However, the dimensionality of these modulations remains controversial, including whether their wavevector is unidirectional or bidirectional, and also whether they extend seamlessly from the surface of the material into the bulk. Material disorder presents severe challenges to understanding the charge modulations through bulk scattering techniques. We use a local technique, scanning tunneling microscopy, to image the static charge modulations on Bi2−zPbzSr2−yLayCuO6+x. The ratio of the phase correlation length ξ …

Self-Aligned Single-Electrode Actuation Of Tangential And Wineglass Modes Using Pmn-Pt, Ozan Erturk, Kilian Shambaugh, Ha-Seong Park, Sang-Goo Lee, Sunil Ai Bhave

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Considering the evolution of rotation sensing and timing applications realized in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), flexural mode resonant shapes are outperformed by bulk acoustic wave (BAW) counterparts by achieving higher frequencies with both electrostatic and piezoelectric transduction. Within the 1–30 MHz range, which hosts BAW gyroscopes and timing references, piezoelectric and electrostatic MEMS have similar transduction efficiency. Although, when designed intelligently, electrostatic transduction allows self-alignment between electrodes and the resonator for various BAW modes, misalignment is inevitable regarding piezoelectric transduction of BAW modes that require electrode patterning. In this paper transverse piezoelectric actuation of [011] oriented single crystal lead magnesium niobate–lead …

Don’T “Just Google It”: Deweyan Perspectives On Participatory Learning With Online Tools, Eric Thomas Weber, Heather Cowherd, Mia Morales

Education and Culture

John Dewey argued that for education to be democratic, it is important for students to be not merely spectators but also participants in learning. Teachers sometimes find personal computing devices to be distracting or to contribute to passivity rather than activity in the classroom. In this essay we examine the question of whether a student’s Google search on a subject matter discussed in class is participatory or passive. We argue that with proper guidance students’ use of online searches and related tools can empower students democratically as sources of ideas, conceptualizations, information, and insight while emphasizing participation in deliberation and …

Information And Communications Technologies And Democratic Education: Lessons From John Dewey's Pragmatism, Jonathan Flowers

Education and Culture

This essay applies lessons from John Dewey’s theory of democracy and democratic education to the modern development of information communications technologies and the assertion that the development of such technologies will lead to a more open, more democratic society. Given the continuity of the technology and its applications with structures of oppression within modern society, any attempt to resolve or democratize technology through skills-based training is bound to fail, as this does not resolve the cultural habits that enable oppression through technology. To this end, what is necessary is democratic education that recognizes the unique contexts in which students become …

Challenges In Education: A Deweyan Assessment Of Ai Technologies In The Classroom, Ande Eitner

Education and Culture

Artificial intelligence is profoundly transforming the world in various spheres and already finding its way into educational institutions. This essay aims to examine whether the Deweyan ideal of education can be achieved through such digital means. By analyzing how both the aims and means of education, as defined by Dewey, can be understood in the context of learning with artificial intelligence, the inherent differences of both educational approaches are brought out. It becomes apparent that important concepts that characterize successful education for Dewey, such as intrinsic inquiry, experience-based schooling, and thinking as the method for learning, do not go hand …

Data And Growth In Education: A Deweyan Analysis, Kevin Taylor

Education and Culture

For Dewey, growth in the educative process means education that enriches and expands one’s experience as it prepares students for not only a vocation but also entry into and transaction with the world. In few places can we see growth, generally understood, to be occurring as fast as in big data technology. This essay begins with an overview of what big data is, specifically what big data looks like in education as understood through learning management system platforms but also data as understood generally on a college campus through dataveillance, or data surveillance understood as the monitoring or possibility of …

Guest Editors' Note, Kevin Taylor, Jonathan Flowers

Education and Culture

No abstract provided.

Editor's Note, Jessica Heybach

Education and Culture

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

Education and Culture

No abstract provided.

Education & Culture 38-1 Cover

Education and Culture

No abstract provided.