Digital Commons Network^™

2 - Introduction To Information Literacy Lesson Plan, Kristin B. Leaman, E. C. Mcgregor Boyle

Scholarly Article Analysis

No abstract provided.

1 - Scholarly Article Analysis Assignment, Kristin B. Leaman, E. C. Mcgregor Boyle

Scholarly Article Analysis

No abstract provided.

On Chatgpt: Pedagogical And Academic Musings, John J. Han

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

God’S Grace In The Rich Heritage Of Asian Immigration Churches In The United States, Joan Pi, Young B. Choi

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Python Simulations: Bridging Probability Theory And Practical Problem-Solving, Yoon G. Kim

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

한 조각의 천, Chung Gil Lee

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Prompt Engineering: A Key Factor In Interacting With Generative Artificial Intelligence Systems, Young B. Choi

KAUPA Letters

As Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) is becoming widespread in every facet of our society, the importance of effective and precise interacting with AI tools is becoming incredibly challenging and requiring sophisticated well-organized input with proper sensitivity by a user. To resolve this issue seamlessly, this paper surveys fundamental principles, algorithms, tools, and applications of Prompt Engineering (PE) which can lay a foundation to help the AI system users in AI system-based environments.

A Stray Thought On “Happiness”, Yeomin Yoon

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Harold Bell Wright’S Civil Religion: God And The Groceryman, John J. Han

KAUPA Letters

As Harold Bell Wright’s novel God and the Groceryman (1927)—a sequel to The Calling of Dan Matthews—opens, Dan appears as a millionaire miner in Kansas City. Having accumulated sufficient wealth, he promotes “a practical Christianity” aimed at saving America “by the worship of God” in the imaginary Ozarks city of Westover. In the novel, the word church appears 450 times, but the term mainly highlights how the main character’s ministry has little to do with institutional Christianity. The words denomination and denominational appear 318 times in the novel, but Wright uses them in a negative sense, which reflects his Restorationist …

Dynamics Of An Airplane Wheel At Touchdown, Pirooz Mohazzabi, Sophia Gentile, Cristian Marquez

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

The dynamics of tire skidding and wear of a commercial airplane during touchdown is discussed, and a simple analytical model is presented. It is suggested that prespinning of the wheels prior to touchdown is not only possible but also practical to prevent tire wear and damage to the runway and the ensuing environmental issues.

Effects And Nursing Considerations For Equine-Assisted Activities And Therapies For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Literature Review, Namiko Kawamura, Mayu Sakamoto, Kayoko Machida

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

This literature review aimed to analyze the effects and nursing challenges associated with equine-assisted activities and therapies (EAATs) for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The study utilized the PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE databases to identify 24 relevant articles. The effective contents were classified into two major categories: effects on interpersonal relationships, and effects attributable to the physical and emotional aspects of the lives of the children. The medical staff involved were mainly occupational therapists, followed by physical therapists and speech-language pathologists. The included studies also mention the involvement of trained equine therapists and volunteers, but not the involvement of …

Bridging Borders: Assessing The Impact Of Semester-Long Study Abroad Programs On Intercultural Competence Development In Undergraduate Engineering Students, Aparajita Jaiswal, Muna Sapkota, Kris Acheson

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Background

Working and interacting with people from diverse backgrounds have become common in Engineering. Research has indicated that engineering graduates face challenges while working with a diverse workforce. Therefore, it is vital for higher education institutions to help engineering students develop intercultural competence skills by engaging them in intercultural learning activities. This study explores the impact of a semester-long study abroad program and its new curriculum on the intercultural learning gains of undergraduate engineering students. The study used a mixed methods design to assess the intercultural learning gains of the students enrolled in a study abroad program.

Results

The results …

Dna G-Quadruplexes As Targets For Natural Product Drug Discovery, Kai-Bo Wang, Yingying Wang, Jonathan Dickerhoff, Danzhou Yang

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

DNA guanine (G)-quadruplexes (G4s) are unique secondary structures formed by two or more stacked G-tetrads in G-rich DNA sequences. These structures have been found to play a crucial role in highly transcribed genes, especially in cancer-related oncogenes, making them attractive targets for cancer therapeutics. Significantly, targeting oncogene promoter G4 structures has emerged as a promising strategy to address the challenge of undruggable and drug-resistant proteins, such as MYC, BCL2, KRAS, and EGFR. Natural products have long been an important source of drug discovery, particularly in the fields of cancer and infectious diseases. Noteworthy progress has recently been made in the …

Effects Of Alternative Hermetic Bag Storage On Fermented And Dried Cocoa Bean (Theobroma Cacao L.), Kenneth Foster, Lina M. Suarez-Guzman, Diana C. Meza-Sepulveda, Dieudonne Baributsa, Carlos A. Zurita

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Cocoa beans, derived from the Cacao Tree (Theobroma cacao L.), are a cash crop among smallholder farmers in tropical regions. After harvest and processing, maintaining cocoa bean quality is critical to access lucrative markets. This paper examines the impact of hermetic storage on insect damage, mold, moisture content, and water activity of fermented and dried cocoa beans under farm conditions in collaboration with a farmer association of Belén de Umbría in Colombia. Three types of hermetic storage systems were assessed for a period of 12 months: Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags, including both 2- and 3-layer variants, and Ecotact® …

Euclidean Coordinates Are The Wrong Prior For Models Of Primate Vision, Garrison W. Cottrell

MODVIS Workshop

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are currently the best models we have of the ventral temporal lobe – the part of cortex engaged in recognizing objects. They have been effective at predicting the firing rates of neurons in monkey cortex, as well as fMRI and MEG responses in human subjects. They are based on several observations concerning the visual world: 1) pixels are most correlated with nearby pixels, leading to local receptive fields; 2) stationary statistics – the statistics of image pixels are relatively invariant across the visual field, leading to replicated features 3) objects do not change identity depending on …

Using Vision Models To Bias Deep Networks, Erhardt Barth

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

Fusing Classic Motion Energy Models And Deep Learning For Coarse-To-Fine Moving Object Segmentation, Matthias Tangemann, Matthias Kümmerer, Matthias Bethge

MODVIS Workshop

Classic motion energy models are able to predict a wide range of physiological and behavioral aspects of motion perception in humans. Whether these models can be used as a basis for higher-level tasks, such as moving object segmentation, has however hardly been explored yet. Here, we present a model that combines a motion energy representation with recent computer vision approaches for figure-ground segmentation of naturalistic stimuli. We find that unlike established motion segmentation models but similar to humans, our model generalizes to random-dot stimuli when only trained on RGB videos.

Extreme Image Transformations Improve Latent Representations In Machines, Girik Malik, Ennio Mingolla

MODVIS Workshop

Shuffling pixels in an image helps machines to learn a more robust object representation. To probe the strategies used by humans and machines for object recognition, we introduce Extreme Image Transformations (EITs). Machines rely heavily on exploiting low-level features like color and texture, so their performance degrades on out-of-distribution and adversarial inputs. Humans depend on high-level features like shapes and contours, making them relatively robust to image distortions. EITs systematically shuffle the pixels in an image, parameterized by the size of grids, probability of shuffle and binary block movement, distorting the structure of objects at both local and global levels. …

Perceptual Grouping With Latent Noise, Ben Lonnqvist, Zhengqing Wu, Michael H. Herzog

MODVIS Workshop

Humans effortlessly group elements into objects and segment them from the background and other objects without supervision. For example, the black and white stripes of a zebra are grouped together despite vastly different colors. A thorough theoretical and empirical account of perceptual grouping is still missing – Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), which are considered leading models of the visual system still regularly fail at simplistic perceptual grouping tasks. Here, we propose a counterintuitive unsupervised computational approach to perceptual grouping and segmentation: that they arise because of neural noise, rather than in spite of it. We show that adding noise in …

Anisotropy In Non-Rigidity Perception: The Role Of Anisotropies In Neural Populations, Akihito Maruya, Qasim Zaidi

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

Modeling The Projection Geometry Of The Retinotopic Visual Hierarchy, Christopher W. Tyler

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

Facilitation In Pattern Motion Perception Of Self-Operated Stimuli Explained By Adaptive Contrast Normalization, Fulvio Missoni, Francesca Peveri, Andrea Canessa, Giulia Sedda, Vittorio Sanguineti, Silvio P. Sabatini

MODVIS Workshop

Movement can affect the way we make sense of complex visual information. To investigate this issue, we designed an experiment to assess changes of plaid motion perception threshold after a period of sensorimotor contingency experience. We found that movement training facilitates combination of elementary motion cues into a global motion percept. No changes in perceptual thresholds are observed in a passive visual condition. A Bayesian model suggested a reduction, after training, of the cross-talk between two gratings with unbalanced contrasts in corresponding sensory channels. To test plausible neural mechanisms for active reduction of cross-talk in cortical representation of complex visual …

Normalization With Dynamic Weights Predicts Neural And Behavioral Effects Of Orientation Adaptation, Huseyin Boyaci

MODVIS Workshop

Prolonged exposure to an oriented contour causes adaptation and has nontrivial effects on neural activity and perception. For example, the neuron's response amplitude may change (suppression or facilitation), the width of its tuning curve may change (broadening or sharpening), and its preferred orientation may shift (repulsion or attraction). Perceptually, adaptation affects the perceived orientation of a subsequently presented contour (direct and indirect tilt aftereffect) and alters orientation discrimination thresholds. In this study, I show that the normalization model with dynamic weights can predict these empirical results.

Local Geometry Of Elementary Visual Computations, Peter Neri

MODVIS Workshop

Visual operators (e.g. edge detectors) are classically modelled using small circuits involving canonical computations, such as template-matching and gain control. Circuit models explain many aspects of the empirical descriptors that are used to characterize local visual operators, from sensitivity to classification images. Notwithstanding their utility, these models fail to provide a unified framework encompassing the variety of effects observed experimentally, such as the impact of contrast, SNR, and attention on the above descriptors. My goal is to start with a simple, plausible geometrical representation of the perceptual operation carried out by the observer, and to show that this representation is …

Do Mechanisms Of Sinusoidal Contrast Sensitivity Account For Edge Sensitivity?, Lynn Schmittwilken, Felix A. Wichmann, Marianne Maertens

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

A Generative Approach To Understanding Categorical Visual Search, Seoyoung Ahn, Hossein Adeli, Gregory Zelinsky

MODVIS Workshop

Search theory relies heavily on the concept of a template, an internal representation of the target that, via a matching process to a visual input, creates a top-down signal biasing attention to a target. The search template was originally conceptualized as being specific to a given object, but over the years this definition broadened to include the features of a target category. Exploiting recent generative methods, we suggest re-conceptualizing the search template yet again, thinking of it now as a fully-generated target object residing in peripheral vision and not just a collection of features. Our approach is to generate potential …

Feature Integration And Spatial Localization For Attention Across The Visual Hierarchy, Joyce Tam, Chloe Callahan-Flintoft, Brad Wyble

MODVIS Workshop

The featural and spatial specificity of visual representations broadly decrease along the ventral visual stream. The selection of behaviorally relevant information, or attention, must therefore establish spatial correspondence across the visual hierarchy while maintaining behavioral guidance to relevant visual features. Moreover, selection is often accompanied by an inhibitory surround as well as selective inhibition of distractor items. Considering these key functions, we describe a biologically realistic computational theory of visual selection and inhibition through feedforward and feedback signals along the ventral visual stream, complemented by feature-agnostic spatial competition in the pulvinar nuclei. Our model simulates signature visual search behaviors and …

The Robustness Of Metric Perceptual Representations Derived From Ordinal Comparisons, David-Elias Künstle, Felix A. Wichmann

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Perceptual Spaces From Triadic Similarity Judgments, Jonathan Victor

MODVIS Workshop

Perceptual spaces are mental workspaces that organize a sensory or cognitive domain into a format that supports functions such as comparison, grouping, learning, and generalization. Determining the geometry of a perceptual space – i.e., the properties of the perceptual distances within the space -- is thus crucial not only to understand these intermediate levels of processing at an algorithmic level, but also as a starting point for comparison with neural measures of similarity. While perceptual spaces are often taken to be Euclidean or nearly so (the classic example is trichromatic color space), this assumption, when tested, is often violated. Moreover, …

A Foveated Model Of Visual Discrimination Based On Windowed Texture Statistics, Jan W. Kurzawski, William F. Broderick, Eero P. Simoncelli, Jonathan Winawer

MODVIS Workshop

Most information from visual scenes is discarded by the human nervous system and thus cannot influence visual behavior. Here, we investigated the loss of spatial pattern information. This loss increases dramatically with eccentricity. Recently, models have been developed that average image features in pooling windows whose diameters scale with eccentricity. These models can be used to synthesize “metamers” of natural scenes, images which are physically different but perceptually indistinguishable. Psychophysical experiments have identified the maximum window scaling for which model discrimination abilities match human performance (“critical scaling”). If images are synthesized with pooling windows that exceed critical scaling (“supercritical scaling”), …