Digital Commons Network^™

Review Of Emily Sun’S On The Horizon Of World Literature, Jing Yang

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

No abstract provided.

Integrated Modeling Of Nature’S Role In Human Well-Being: A Research Agenda, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer, Stephen Polasky, Rob Alkemade, Neil D. Burgess, William W.L. Cheung, Ingo Fetzer, Mike Harfoot, Thomas W. Hertel, Samantha L.L. Hill, Justin Andrew Johnson, Jan H. Janse, Patrick José V. Jeetze, Hyejin Kim, Jan J. Kuiper, Eric Lonsdorf, David Leclère, Mark Mulligan, Garry D. Peterson, Alexander Popp, Stephanie Roe, Aafke M. Schipper, Tord Snäll, Arnout Van Soesbergen, Aline C. Soterroni, Elke Stehfest, Detlef P. Van Vuuren, Piero Visconti, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Geoff Wells, Henrique M. Pereira

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Integrated assessment models that incorporate biodiversity and ecosystem services could be an important tool for improving our understanding of interconnected social-economic-ecological systems, and for analyzing how policy alternatives can shift future trajectories towards more sustainable development. Despite recent scientific and technological advances, key gaps remain in the scientific community’s ability to deliver information to decision-makers at the pace and scale needed to address sustainability challenges. We identify five research frontiers for integrated social-economic-ecological modeling (primarily focused on terrestrial systems) to

incorporate biodiversity and ecosystem services: 1) downscaling impacts of direct and indirect drivers on eco- systems; 2) incorporating feedbacks in …

From Saving To Budgeting: Unpacking The Impact Of A Culturally Relevant Financial Literacy Summer Program- $Mart Money, Renee S. Gibert, Imani Adams, Sungwoo Kang

Lyles School of Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

Culturally Relevant Pedagogy (CRP) is an educational framework that illustrates how to foster educational excellence through a focus on cultural competence, critical consciousness, and academic success, which aims to empower students by making education more applicable and responsive to their lived experiences (Ladson-Billings, Citation1995). This study elucidates the efficacy of CRP within financial literacy education, as implemented in a STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) summer enrichment program. Our objective is to explore the extent to which CRP influences student perceptions of their personal finances through an understanding of financial literacy. Employing a qualitative methods approach, we reviewed transcripts, …

A Regional Analysis Of Climate Change Effects On Global Snow Crab Fishery, Jingjing Tao, Kwamena Quagrainie, Kenneth A. Foster, Nicole Olynk Widmar

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

The snow crab fishery faces increasing vulnerability to environmental factors, yet the literature on the relationship between climate change and snow crab harvest remains limited. This study estimates snow crab harvest functions using climate change indicators with unbalanced panel data of snow crab production from the eastern Bering Sea (Alaska), the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada), the Sea of Japan, and the Barents Sea (Norway-Russia). The relationship between snow crab biomass, stock, and catch is analyzed and the endogeneity of stock in the harvest function is also addressed using climate change indicators as instrumental variables (IVs). The results show …

Boiling Crisis Is A Consequence Of Thermal Runaway In The Substrate Due To Degradation Of Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer, Manohar Bongarala, Justin A. Weibel, Suresh V. Garimella

CTRC Research Publications

Chaotic bubble interactions during vigorous boiling have foiled attempts at an accurate mechanistic understanding of this important industrial transport process. Prediction of the boiling crisis (dryout) that occurs due to the spontaneous merger of bubbles into an insulating vapor film at critical heat flux remains an unsolved challenge. This work diagnoses the dryout process using synchronized high-resolution spatiotemporal heat flux and phase data, obtained via through-substrate infrared and visual inspection. We examine prevailing theories for the boiling crisis and provide evidence to rule out all but one. The boiling crisis is found to be a consequence of a peak in …

Radiation-Tolerant Thin-Film Reference Electrodes And Potentiometric Sensors, Bingyuan Zhao, Alexander Wei

Department of Chemistry Faculty Publications

The integration of electronic sensors into single-use systems for bioprocessing is challenged by their sensitivity to sterilizing γ-irradiation. This challenge also applies to reference electrodes (REs), whose potentials may be destabilized upon ionization and drift over time. Here we evaluate the performance of thin-film Ag/AgCl REs over a two-month window following γ-ray sterilization using a 60Co source. γ-REs display a characteristic voltage decay function ascribed to the dissipation of radiation-induced charge defects, and exhibit long-term potentiometric stability when stored in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with a 95% confidence interval of 4 mV over 60 days. γ-REs have a mean insensitivity (inertness) …

Transforming Chinese Language Learning Through Community Engagement: A Mixed-Methods Study Of Service-Learning, Bailu Li, Wei Hong Dr.

School of Languages and Cultures Faculty Publications

This mixed-methods study investigates the impact of service-learning on students enrolled in an advanced Chinese language course, focusing on their perceptions and outcomes related to academic performance, personal development, and civic engagement. The research also explores the common characteristics of students who voluntarily participate in service-learning activities and identifies factors that contribute to successful service-learning implementation in a Chinese language program. The findings reveal statistically significant improvements in students' community engagement and cultural competence after participating in service-learning, as measured by the Public Affairs Scale (PAS). Qualitative analysis of students' reflections and the researcher's observations yielded three main themes: personal …

A Book Review: Civic Activism In South Korea, Yoon G. Kim

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Kaupa Letters: Volume 11, Issue 6, Korean American University Professors Association

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Classic Probability Problems To Help Students Think Logically, Yoon G. Kim

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Hands-On For Whom?, Isabella Stuopis, Avneet Hira

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

Hands-on technology-enhanced pedagogies have been hailed as a panacea for engaging K–12 students in engineering. We unpack how the entanglement of the sociopolitical with the educational, namely how factors pertaining to resources and individual characteristics, impact engagement with such pedagogies. In particular, we expand upon how school funding, teacher preparation and support, access to out-of- school resources, and family background impact the in-and out-of- school resources students have access to. Further, we explain how characteristics such as a sense of belonging, pedagogical approaches, and assumptions and gatekeeping by adults impact students’ ability to engage with hands-on engineering education. In doing …

Smart Airports: Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Internet Of Things Networks Using Blockchain Technology, Edwin Ongola

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

This article provides a perspective on how an internet of heterogeneous self-service airport terminal systems can be used for data collection, which is stored on a private or consortium blockchain depending on the ownership or operations of an airport or both. Such a setup would help to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve traveler experience at airport terminals. Moreover, it would allow airports to gather data directly from passengers as opposed to waiting to receive the same data from airlines. Subsequently, this data, now on a blockchain system, becomes a data source for other applications such as machine learning. In …

“Oh, That’S Engineering?”: Complicating Black Women Educators’ Understanding Of Engineering Practices In Urban Elementary Schools, Brittany N. Anderson, Ginaya S. Littlejohn

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

In most teacher preparation programs, a focus on standards and curricula with STEM concepts, specifically engineering, are largely missing from the teacher licensure requirements. There have been few opportunities for teacher educators to teach, learn, and reflect on the nuanced complexities of STEM, specifically engineering concepts and practices in urban elementary schools. This university-school- community partnership, led by Black women, focused on the early exploration of STEM with high-ability/ gifted Black girls, caregivers, and their Black women educators. In this qualitative study, Black women teachers were able to disrupt assumptions and stereotypes of STEM, particularly in engineering, and identify challenges …

Computational Fluid Dynamics Visualization For Unmanned Aerial Systems In Bridge Inspections, Kristoffer B. Borgen, John Mott

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Bridge inspections are an expensive and time-consuming process, varying significantly with a bridge’s style, height, width, and length. Inspections create interruptions that interfere with bridge use, as the examination requires partial or total closure, causing traffic delays. Unmanned aerial system (UAS) use has increased significantly over the past decade, including assistance and coordination during bridge inspections. However, the impact on a UAS from high winds and turbulent airflows induced by a bridge’s structure can decrease flight safety during inspections. Visualization of these hazards is difficult for UAS operators; therefore, a process to estimate the velocity and locations of these hazardous …

Cognitive Representation Of Mountaineering Risks And Its Change By Expertise, Shin Murakoshi, Kenta Mitsushita

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

Various risks exist during mountaineering. Appropriate representation of characteristics of risks is the basis of survival in such extreme environments. The aim of the present study is to clarify cognitive representation of risks of mountaineering and individual difference according to the experience by psychometric approach. Ninety-seven mountaineers, consisting of top-class leaders and prospective leaders who participated in the training courses of the National Mountaineering Training Center in Japan, were asked to evaluate nine target mountaineering risks repeatedly with nine judgment scales, and the responses were analyzed using three-mode principal component analysis (3MPCA). As a result, two types of risks, sudden …

Makengineering Kits: Design Principles For Family Engineering Experiences, Amber Simpson, Jing Yang, Adam Maltese

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

Research has consistently highlighted the importance of promoting child-parent interactions. In this essay, we describe the development of MAKEngineering kits that provide collaborative learning experiences for children in Grades 2–6 to engage in engineering design tasks with members of their families in their home environment. First, we present five design principles that emerged through a design-based research approach. Second, we used data from our research project to examine the impact of the MAKEngineering kits, guided by each design principle, on children’s and parents’ experiences as engineering learners and/or educators. In attending to both of these purposes, we argue for the …

Critical Scoping Review Of Critical Consciousness As A Framework For Precollege Engineering Education, Devon Riter, James Holly Jr.

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

Engineering’s promise to build a better world has been realized differently across the United States, often with lines of social identity determining who becomes an engineer, who benefits from engineering innovations, and who suffers devastating consequences. Many educational scholars have argued that engineering inequities are in part due to deep inequities in precollege engineering education, including the failure to enact pedagogies in which engineering educational spaces can help students recognize oppression and act toward liberation. In this critical scoping review we searched five databases to identify 72 relevant peer-reviewed articles for review. Our findings indicate that research on critical consciousness …

Safety In P–12 Engineering Courses Within The Southern United States, Tyler S. Love

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

Engineering education programs, especially at the P–12 level, pose inherent legal and ethical responsibilities pertaining to safety that cannot be ignored. Cultivating safer practices and habits during the design and hands-on development of engineering solutions starts well before students enter higher education engineering programs. P–12 engineering education programs play a critical role in enhancing safety awareness, developing safer habits, and improving safety culture, which has an influence on the safety practices that students carry with them into higher education programs and the workplace. This study analyzed the safety factors and accident occurrences reported by 305 P–12 engineering educators from the …

Feasibility Of Eeg Based Detection Of Ischemic Stroke: Studies In A Simple Computational Model, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Working Papers

Objective: To explore quantitatively, using streamlined mathematics, how transmembrane potential differences across cell bodies of individual cortical neurons could act to produce the skin surface potentials of the electroencephalogram (EEG), and how ischemic stroke might be detected using EEGs in prehospital settings. Methods: From fundamental principles of electrostatics, anatomy, and physiology, one can characterize the strength of apparent dipoles created during activation of the cell bodies of individual cortical neurons. The transient dipole strength in a cortical neuron depends upon the size and surface area of its cell body, its capacitance, and the difference in transmembrane electrical potentials appearing across …

Assessing Effects Of Climate And Technology Uncertainties In Large Natural Resource Allocation Problems, Jevgenijs Steinbuks, Yongyang Cai, Jonas Jaegermeyr, Thomas W. Hertel

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

The productivity of the world's natural resources is critically dependent on a variety of highly uncertain factors, which obscure individual investors and governments that seek to make long-term, sometimes irreversible, investments in their exploration and utilization. These dynamic considerations are poorly represented in disaggregated resource models, as incorporating uncertainty into large-dimensional problems presents a challenging computational task. In this paper, we apply the SCEQ algorithm (Cai and Judd, 2023) to solve a large-scale dynamic stochastic global land resource use problem with stochastic crop yields due to adverse climate impacts and limits on further technological progress. For the same model parameters …

A Modelled Estimate Of Food Access Within Countries Shows That Inequality Within Countries Has Increased Despite Rising Equality Between Countries, Juan Diego Martinez, Navin Ramankutty, Zia Mehrabi, Tom W. Hertel

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Global food calorie supply per person is more than 2900 kcal per day on average, but we have failed to ensure equitable access to these calories. Yet how uneven food access is within countries has remained poorly understood, as has the progress made over the past five decades on closing the access gap. Using publicly available data, we developed a theoretically-grounded statistical model to estimate the cross-national relationship between average per capita expenditure and per capita food availability and used this to estimate within-country access to food for income deciles in 135 countries. We find that, from 1961 to 2013, …

New Paths In Jewish And Religious Studies: Essays In Honor Of Professor Elliot R. Wolfson, Glenn Dynner, Susannah Heschel, Shaul Magid

Purdue University Press Books

The work of Elliot R. Wolfson has profoundly influenced the fields of Jewish studies as well as philosophy and religion more broadly. His radically new approaches have created pioneering ways of analyzing texts and thinking about religion through the lens of gender, sexuality, and feminist theory. The contributors to New Paths in Jewish and Religious Studies: Essays in Honor of Professor Elliot R. Wolfson, many of whom are internationally renowned scholars, hearken from diverse fields. Each has learned from and collaborated with Wolfson as student or colleague, and each has expanded the new scholarly directions initiated by Wolfson’s groundbreaking …

Python Simulations: Bridging Probability Theory And Practical Problem-Solving, Yoon G. Kim

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

A Novel Research Design: Using Multilevel Discrete-Time Survival Analysis To Investigate The Effect Of Calculus I On Engineering Student Persistence, Hayaam Osman, Matthew Ohland

School of Engineering Education Faculty Publications

The persistence of engineering students through graduation continues to be a concern in higher education. Previous studies have highlighted a link between students' performance in introductory mathematics courses and graduation rates. Focusing on a crucial foundational course within the engineering curriculum, the purpose of this study is to investigate how students’ performance in Calculus I impact their persistence in the engineering program. Utilizing data from 22 diverse educational institutions using Multiple-Institution Database for Investigating Engineering Longitudinal Development (MIDFIELD), multilevel discrete-time survival analysis is employed to examine the longitudinal persistence patterns among the nested structure of students within institutions. Discrete-time analysis …

Using Vision Models To Bias Deep Networks, Erhardt Barth

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

Fusing Classic Motion Energy Models And Deep Learning For Coarse-To-Fine Moving Object Segmentation, Matthias Tangemann, Matthias Kümmerer, Matthias Bethge

MODVIS Workshop

Classic motion energy models are able to predict a wide range of physiological and behavioral aspects of motion perception in humans. Whether these models can be used as a basis for higher-level tasks, such as moving object segmentation, has however hardly been explored yet. Here, we present a model that combines a motion energy representation with recent computer vision approaches for figure-ground segmentation of naturalistic stimuli. We find that unlike established motion segmentation models but similar to humans, our model generalizes to random-dot stimuli when only trained on RGB videos.

Perceptual Grouping With Latent Noise, Ben Lonnqvist, Zhengqing Wu, Michael H. Herzog

MODVIS Workshop

Humans effortlessly group elements into objects and segment them from the background and other objects without supervision. For example, the black and white stripes of a zebra are grouped together despite vastly different colors. A thorough theoretical and empirical account of perceptual grouping is still missing – Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), which are considered leading models of the visual system still regularly fail at simplistic perceptual grouping tasks. Here, we propose a counterintuitive unsupervised computational approach to perceptual grouping and segmentation: that they arise because of neural noise, rather than in spite of it. We show that adding noise in …

Local Geometry Of Elementary Visual Computations, Peter Neri

MODVIS Workshop

Visual operators (e.g. edge detectors) are classically modelled using small circuits involving canonical computations, such as template-matching and gain control. Circuit models explain many aspects of the empirical descriptors that are used to characterize local visual operators, from sensitivity to classification images. Notwithstanding their utility, these models fail to provide a unified framework encompassing the variety of effects observed experimentally, such as the impact of contrast, SNR, and attention on the above descriptors. My goal is to start with a simple, plausible geometrical representation of the perceptual operation carried out by the observer, and to show that this representation is …

Characterization Of Perceptual Spaces From Triadic Similarity Judgments, Jonathan Victor

MODVIS Workshop

Perceptual spaces are mental workspaces that organize a sensory or cognitive domain into a format that supports functions such as comparison, grouping, learning, and generalization. Determining the geometry of a perceptual space – i.e., the properties of the perceptual distances within the space -- is thus crucial not only to understand these intermediate levels of processing at an algorithmic level, but also as a starting point for comparison with neural measures of similarity. While perceptual spaces are often taken to be Euclidean or nearly so (the classic example is trichromatic color space), this assumption, when tested, is often violated. Moreover, …

A Foveated Model Of Visual Discrimination Based On Windowed Texture Statistics, Jan W. Kurzawski, William F. Broderick, Eero P. Simoncelli, Jonathan Winawer

MODVIS Workshop

Most information from visual scenes is discarded by the human nervous system and thus cannot influence visual behavior. Here, we investigated the loss of spatial pattern information. This loss increases dramatically with eccentricity. Recently, models have been developed that average image features in pooling windows whose diameters scale with eccentricity. These models can be used to synthesize “metamers” of natural scenes, images which are physically different but perceptually indistinguishable. Psychophysical experiments have identified the maximum window scaling for which model discrimination abilities match human performance (“critical scaling”). If images are synthesized with pooling windows that exceed critical scaling (“supercritical scaling”), …