Digital Commons Network^™

A New Classifier Of Mss Data -- Natural Boundary Finding In The Feature Space, W. Y. Chen, W. G. Collins

LARS Symposia

A method of classifying MSS data is proposed which has some advantages in that it does not contain the usual pre-processing constraints, and caters for variation and correlation in the data. In addition it is very economic in terms of computer time.

Integration Of Digital Elevation Model Data And Landsat Mss Data To Quantify The Effects Of Slope Orientation On The Classification Of Forest Canopy Condition, Darrel L. Williams, Kevin J. Ingram

LARS Symposia

Over the past several years, research has been conducted at the Goddard Space Flight Center to develop techniques to facilitate the use of remotely sensed data for monitoring forest disturbances. A majority of this work has involved the digital analysis of Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data to detect insect defoliation of hardwood forests. The diverse terrain and topographic conditions typically associated with forest lands are known to cause variations in remotely sensed spectral data, leading to problems in accurately classifying forest cover conditions in mountainous terrain. This study assesses the utility of incorporating high spatial resolution digital terrain data with …

An Unsupervised Classification Approach For Analysis Of Landsat Data To Monitor Land Reclamation In Belmont County, Ohio, James O. Brumfield, Hubertus H. L. Bloemer, William J. Campbell

LARS Symposia

Surface mining for coal is a major economic activity in east central Ohio. Ohio has strict reclamation laws which require that the mining companies return the mined land to environmentally acceptable conditions. During the decade of the seventies, a particularly conscious effort has been made in Ohio to enforce the reclamation laws. Monitoring the reclamation efforts and progress via traditional means is time consuming, expensive, and often subjective. LANDSAT multispectral data provides a means to eliminate some of the negative aspects of the above.

A nontraditional unsupervised classification procedure has been devised using a clustering algorithm with a NASA modification …

An Experimental Landsat Quick-Look System For Alaska, John M. Miller, Norman Campbell

LARS Symposia

The new Landsat Quicklook System for Alaska is described. This low-cost simple system allows generation of full-resolution image products from real-time data input in a timely fashion. Preliminary evaluations have shown that when the imagery data is available soon after reception, many beneficial applications are possible.

An Application Of Large Scale Computing Facilities To The Processing Of Landsat Digital Data In Australia, David W. Beach, Ken W. Dawbin

LARS Symposia

An early issue in the Australian Wide Scale Wheat Monitoring Project, started in November, 1978, was whether to use area sampling, as in the LACIE, or to be innovative and attempt whole scene processing. The availability of a large computing system and acknowledgment of the trends in price and performance of computers influenced a decision towards whole scene processing.

The computing facilities used in this project are described.

An interactive facility supported by software called ER-MAN II is installed on an IBM 3033 which simultaneously supports several hundred other interactive users. The pros and cons of using such a shared …

Historic Wetlands Assessment Using Computerized Microdensitometric Analysis Of Aerial Photographs, D. J. Leu

LARS Symposia

A technique has been designed and tested that permits the quantitative assessment of historic marsh conditions from black and white aerial photography. Utilizing a computerized scanning and writing Rotating Drum Microdensitometer (RDM) system, baseline marsh data has been derived by combining present day field data with computer analysis of present day and historical aerial photography. Quantitative information on the marsh grasses studied (Spartina alternifora - tall and short growth forms, Salt Hay - a mixture of Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata), their distributional patterns, and surface water locations were established.

The RDM technique relates subtle optical density differences in a …

Landsat Digital Analysis: Implications For Wetland Management, Virginia Carter, Kevin A. Richardson

LARS Symposia

Wetland management needs include requirements for both overall wetland planning and management by local, state, regional and national agencies and internal management of large wetlands. Landsat digital data can potentially supply management information such as location, area, wetland type, seasonal extent of surface. Inundation changes in vegetative composition and thus wildlife habitat potential, impact of construction or water-level control and information for wetland evaluation. However, at present (1981), Landsat classification accuracies for wetland type or vegetation are often as low as 70 percent. These generally unsatisfactory results are due to Landsat resolution, spectral and spatial heterogeneity of wetlands and vegetative …

A Methodology For Updating Agricultural Forest And Range Resource Inventory In Mexico, Alfredo Camara R.

LARS Symposia

This paper presents the experiences, results and conclusions of a two year research effort on the feasibility of updating Land Use-Land Cover maps through digital processing of Landsat data. The project has been conducted by the Dirección General de Geograffa del Territorio Nacional (DGGTN), which has in charge the realization of the natural - resources inventory of Mexico's National Territory.

Several approaches for developing training statistics were used, and their advantages and shortcomings are discussed. A classification scheme and a general outline of an operational procedure for updating our Agricultural, Forest and Range Resource Inventory is presented.

Comparison Of Satellite Imagery And Conventional Aerial Photography In Evaluating A Large Forest Fire, G. R. Minick, W. A. Shain

LARS Symposia

The 1976 Horry County forest fire consumed approximately 37,000 acres of woodlands. The burned area was located in the northeastern coastal plain of South Carolina with the boundary being generally based on a triangle where the northern boundary is S. C. Highway 90, the southern boundary is the intracoastal waterway, and the western boundary is Highway 501. It burned for a total of six days before being pronounced out on April 15, 1976. A trail of smoke could be seen at one time rising to the northeast for 40 miles over North Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean. This area was …

Sensitivity Of Geographic Information System Outputs To Errors In Remotely Sensed Data, H. K. Ramapriyan, R. K. Boyd, F. J. Gunther, Y. C. Lu

LARS Symposia

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the sensitivity of Geographic Information System outputs to errors in inputs derived from Remotely Sensed Data (RSD). The attention is restricted to outputs of suitability models with "per cell" decisions with gridded Geographic Data Bases (GDB) whose cells are larger than the RSD pixels. The procedure for merging RSD into such GDB's involves classification, registration and aggregation. The first two steps introduce errors at individual pixels and the last step tends to compensate for such errors.

The classification and registration errors are treated independently for the purposes of analysis. Under certain simplifying …

Image Registration System In The Landsat-D Production Environment, Peter Kiss, Paul Arnold, John Goldstine

LARS Symposia

An effort is underway to develop an automated image registration system for the Landsat-D Ground Segment. This system will be capable of providing accurate control point (CP) location errors in imagery that has been corrected using system models. A part of this effort consisted of studying various image enhancement techniques, correlation techniques and subpixel registration methods. Presented here is an overview of the registration system developed, along with the study results that led to the choices of techniques incorporated.

Although much previous work exists in this area, it is believed that some of the methods and findings are new. It …

An Approach To Develop Interpretation Keys For The Analysis Of Single Band Bhaskara Satellite Tv-Data, K. L. Majumder, A. K. S. Gopalan, D. S. Kamat, A. N. Patel, P. Senchaudhuri

LARS Symposia

Bhaskara, the first Indian Earth Observations Satellite was launched on June 7, 1979. The two primary payloads onboard the Bhaskara satellite were two Television cameras (TV Camera) and two frequency Satellite Microwave Radiometers (SAMIR). The salient features of the TV camera and SAMIR payloads are summarised and given in Table 1.

Since the Bhaskara TV data is having a low resolution and as the data was acquired in only one band, namely, 0.54-0. 66 µm, the utility of the data from the point of view of information extraction on earth resources is limited. Moreover, because of its orbital characteristics the …

Automatic Processing Of Computer Compatible Tapes With Data From Airborne Multispectral Scanners, Norberto Scquizzato, Sigfredo F. Pagel

LARS Symposia

In the following pages, an overview about the Airborne Modular Multiband Scanner (SAMPOI) used by the Comision Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales (National Commission on Space Research) will be developed.

With this system aerial surveys, mainly for Pollution studies, are carried out.

The purpose of this paper is to comment about a Remote Sensing Data Acquisition System and its digital processing features.

Conversion From Data-Flow To Synchronous Execution In Loop Programs, Janice D. Cuny, Lawrence Synder

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Software Metrics Data Collection, T. J. Yu, Brian A. Nejmeh

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Metamodeling And Its Application To Queueing Networks, Jeffrey P. Buzen, Subhash C. Agrawal

Department of Computer Science Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Cardiac Output During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation At Various Compression Rates And Durations, Kevin R. Fitzgerald, Charles F. Babbs, Henry A. Frissora, Robert W. Davis, Douglas I. Silver

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Cardiac output during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was measured by a modified indicator-dilution technique in 20 anesthetized dogs (6-12 kg) during repeated 1- to 2-min episodes of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation and CPR, produced by a mechanical chest compressor and ventilator. With compression rates from 20 to 140/min and compression durations (duty cycles) from 10 to 90% of cycle time, cardiac output (CO) was predicted by the equation:

,

where CR is compression rate, DC is duty cycle, SV_max (19 ml) is the effective capacity of the pumping chamber, and k_l (0.00207 min) and k₂ (0.00707 min) are …

The Expansion Of The Probability Density Function To Non-Gaussian Distribution, Minoru Akiyama

LARS Symposia

In the most of all statistical approaches in pattern recognition theories in remote sensing it is assumed that each probability density function of pattern classes can be approximated by the Gaussian probability density function. However, this assumption is not always appropriate in practice. The exact shape of class probability density function is supposed to be expressed as an original histogram. And if the shape of the histogram is largely different from the Gaussian function the classification results might include large error.

Therefore, there seems no need to persist in Gaussian probability density function as the only representation of class histograms. …

A Case For Standardized Test Sites, Charles E. Olson

LARS Symposia

Continued progress in remote sensing can be fostered by more standardized test procedures. Standardized test sites, including sites with totally enumerated populations, have particular advantages in testing sampling and modeling methods. Due to the multitude of purposes for using remote sensor data, it is unlikely that any single test site can meet needs of all users.

Contextual Classification Of Multispectral Image Data: An Unbiased Estimator For The Context Distribution, James C. Tilton, Philip H. Swain, Stephen B. Vardeman

LARS Symposia

Recent investigations have demonstrated the effectiveness of a contextual classifier that combines spatial and spectral information employing a general statistical approach. This statistical classification algorithm exploits the tendency of certain groundcover classes to occur more frequently in some spatial contexts than in others. Indeed, a key input to this algorithm is a statistical characterization of the context: the context distribution. Here we discuss an unbiased estimator of the context distribution which, besides having the advantage of statistical unbiasedness, has the additional advantage over other estimation techniques of being amenable to an adaptive implementation in which the context distribution estimate varies …

Multitemporal Segmentation By Means Of Fuzzy Sets, Robert Jeansoulin, Yves Fontaine, Werner Frei

LARS Symposia

A remote sensing user does not photointerprete image pixels, but entities. Therefore, there is a segmentation processing, previous to the recognition itself. What we propose in this paper, is to automate the segmentation by using of monospectral, multispectral and multitemporal properties, measured by several criteria. The combination of these criteria is performed by means of tools of the fuzzy sets theory. A designated entity is automatically segmented by combining a sequence of criteria in order to converge towards the final decision without any thresholding, weighing, . . .

The ready access to the multitemporal data belonging to a same designated …

Forestry As A Technology Driver, Arch Park

LARS Symposia

Remote sensing in forestry has always provided a severe challenge to the sensor/platform hardware. It combines high resolution requirements, in real time, from a variety of platforms with a requirement for spectral precision and cartographic accuracy. Few if any other applications can, by themselves, create such a worst case scenario. The paper looks at the past, present and future technology demands of forestry.

Use Of An Apple Computer To Identify Vegetation And Assess The Coverage Within Single Landsat Pixels, Haven C. Sweet

LARS Symposia

Conventional image analyzing techniques are inaccurate when applied to Landsat data obtained from highly heterogeneous regions. In much of Florida, plant communities occupy small areas with erratic boundaries, meaning that most Landsat pixels represent a mixture of several different plant formations. This is especially true when studying an alien tree such as Melaleuca which is expanding its range by infiltrating a variety of plant communities. This paper describes development of a technique for using a personal computer to identify and quantify the major communities (plus sand and water) within a single pixel, and applies it to attempts to inventory the …

Correcting For Anisotropic Reflectances In Remotely Sensed Images From Mountainous Terrains, Heinz Hugli, Werner Frei

LARS Symposia

Remotely sensed images from mountainous terrains are subject to important radiometric variations which we desire to correct. A quantitative analysis of a remote sensing model is presented and the different aspects of radiometric correction are overviewed. A computer simulation is performed in order to better understand the combined effects of anisotropic reflectance characteristics and variable surface orientations, as encountered in remote sensing of mountainous terrains covered with vegetation. The results illustrate typical reflectance effects and show that the possibilities for a radiometrical correction are limited. This is due to the practical difficulty of exactly determining all reflection properties in a …

Problems On Data Structuration About Paleontological Collections, Daniel Pajaud, Marie-Jose Roulet

LARS Symposia

The paleontological collections of the University Pierre et Marie Curie (more than 800 000 samples, 4 x 10^6 data) present a complex structure relevant to nine themes: Classification, Stratigraphy, Geography, Environment, Paleontological Material, Collecting, Bibliography, Storage, Exploitation. The complexity of the data requires a sophisticated model of data structure for archiving in a data bank.

Alternatives To The Shelflist Measure For Determining The Size Of A Subject Collection, E. Stewart Saunders, Harriet Nelson, Priscilla Geahigan

Libraries Research Publications

The adequacy of the shelflist count for estimating the size of a library’s holdings in a discipline was tested by determining the percentage of titles in five disciplines which were classified in Dewey or LC classes reflecting those disciplines. For some disciplines, the percentage of titles which were not classified in the relevant class letters or numbers ran as high as 70 and 80 percent. Two methods for correcting inaccurate shelflist counts are presented.

Design And Evaluation Of A Pick-Up Truck Mounted Boom For Elevation Of A Multiband Radiometer System, R. Tsuchida

LARS Technical Reports

The following report describes the design process for developing the boom required for support of a multiband radiometer. Three concepts were considered for the boom design: a one-piece boom with a trolley, a folding boom, and a telescoping boom. The telescoping boom was selected over the other two concepts because of its easy manual operation. The boom is designed to mount of the bed of a pick-up and elevated the radiometer system 8 meters above the ground and 4 meters away from the truck. The selection of the boom components is discussed with justification of the final choice. Results of …

Techniques For Evaluation Of Area Estimates, Marilyn M. Hixson

LARS Symposia

Since the launch of the first Landsat satellite in 1972, satellite remote sensing has been increasingly recognized as a tool for mapping and area estimation of earth resources. The Landsat MSS records a region on the ground about one acre (0.5 ha) in size. This provides a good spatial resolution for mapping purposes, and Landsat data have been used for mapping such characteristics as general land use and soil type. Estimation of the areal extent of a feature has been a key use of Landsat data. The primary uses for area estimation have been in agriculture with crop and forest …

An Evaluation Of Isocls And Classy Clustering Algorithms For Forest Classification In Northern Idaho, Lee F. Werth

LARS Symposia

This paper represents one of many studies funded under AgRISTARS to determine how Landsat can contribute to the Forest Service's Renewable Resource Inventory effort as mandated by the National Forest Management Act of 1976. The specific objective of this study was to test clustering algorithms used at Johnson Space Flight Center - ISOCLS and CLASSY.

Evaluation Of Usda Large Area Crop Estimation Techniques, M. L. Amis, R. K. Lennington, M. V. Martin, W. G. Mcguire, S. S. Shen

LARS Symposia

The USDA's EDITOR system registers and digitizes the ground truth and raw Landsat data, clusters, classifies, and develops area estimates by regressing the ground truth hectarage onto the number of pixels classified per segment (a sampling unit of one square mile). A research program was conducted to evaluate the performance of EDITOR and make selected improvements to components of EDITOR. It was found that the use of multitemporal data over unitemporal significantly improved crop hectarage estimates. Performance measures on an independent test set and a jackknifed test set decreased, indicating that the current procedure of using a single data set …