Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Purdue University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 811 - 840 of 13650

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Construction Site Planning And Logistical Operations: Site-Focused Management For Builders, Second Edition, Randy R. Rapp, Bradley L. Benhart Dec 2024

Construction Site Planning And Logistical Operations: Site-Focused Management For Builders, Second Edition, Randy R. Rapp, Bradley L. Benhart

Purdue Handbooks in Building Construction

Organizing and administering a construction site so that the right resources get to the right place in a timely fashion demands strong leadership and a well-defined, disciplined process. Good logistical operations enable profitability, and this book is the essential, muddy boots guide to such management. Written by experienced educator–practitioners, Construction Site Planning and Logistical Operations is a popular guide to the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed by project superintendents, especially, but useful to all constructors. This second edition is updated to include new technologies, resources, and details of operational planning. Leadership imperatives and management techniques remain integrated throughout. The book …


Assessing The Reach Of Health Access Resources In Indianapolis For Populations With Low Income, Kyler A. Casbon, Kai J. Gatting, Simran Nadig, Isabella K. Peckinpaugh, Alexandre A. Sauquet, Kourtney A. D. Byrd, Megan E. Conklin, Gicella Garcia, Mitchell L. Struewing, Omolola A. Adeoye-Olatunde Dec 2024

Assessing The Reach Of Health Access Resources In Indianapolis For Populations With Low Income, Kyler A. Casbon, Kai J. Gatting, Simran Nadig, Isabella K. Peckinpaugh, Alexandre A. Sauquet, Kourtney A. D. Byrd, Megan E. Conklin, Gicella Garcia, Mitchell L. Struewing, Omolola A. Adeoye-Olatunde

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Two public health crises that the United States are contending with are diabetes and the prevalence of opioid overdoses, both of which have a significant impact on communities nationwide. Inequities in social conditions contribute to health disparities amidst these diabetes and opioid overdose public health crises nationally and locally. To address these health inequities in Indianapolis, Indiana, the the Purdue University Center for Health Excellence, Quality and Innovation (CHEQI) shaped relationships through their CHAMP (Community Health Access Model Partnerships) services with local food pantries and homeless shelters, providing Indianapolis residents pre-diabetes screening and resources and convenient access to and education …


Toxic Waste Dumps And Intersectionality, Kaitlyn Vasilko Dec 2024

Toxic Waste Dumps And Intersectionality, Kaitlyn Vasilko

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Beginning in 2023, I started conducting environmental sociology research in Northwest Indiana communities because I wanted to apply what I had been learning in my sociology and behavioral science courses to real community problems. I that found toxic waste dumps (waste dumps that contain waste that is hazardous and require mandates established environmental regulations to ensure public safety) are disproportionately located in Northwest Indiana communities of color and poor whites, and I uncovered severe negative health effects that result from toxic waste dumps, in addition to the inequality faced by the populations impacted. I then conducted interviews in the community …


Promoting Cultural Belonging Through The Arts: Community Partner Snapshot Of Latino Art Midwest, Kayla Vasilko Dec 2024

Promoting Cultural Belonging Through The Arts: Community Partner Snapshot Of Latino Art Midwest, Kayla Vasilko

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Kayla Vasilko just completed her Master’s degree in communication with a focus on semiotics and the impact of higher education on positive social change in the Purdue Graduate School and the PNW Department of Communication and Creative Arts. While earning her degree, she had the opportunity to complete a service-learning project to celebrate Spanish culture through the arts and work the community partner Latino Art Midwest. Latino Art Midwest works to promote understanding of the role of arts and creative expression among Midwestern Latina/o communities. Students can explore their site, “view the art, and interpret the unique qualities of Latina/o …


Crafting The Wings Of Tomorrow's Leaders, Anushka Sharma Dec 2024

Crafting The Wings Of Tomorrow's Leaders, Anushka Sharma

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

SOAR is a social impact initiative I founded in partnership with Big Brothers/Big Sisters Lafayette. We provide novel leadership and character development resources for local Lafayette youth. The motto—engage, uplift, and achieve—speaks to my aims for inspiring the next generation of leaders, within Purdue members and local youth. This reflection essay is an opportunity to express the aims of SOAR, the intentionality behind this initiative, and how I hope to contribute to the development of youth in Lafayette and beyond. Mr. Brennan’s visit is a milestone for SOAR, and having the opportunity to converse with a renowned youth development leader …


Jovial Family Farm Facilitates Intergenerational Learning Opportunities Through Urban Farming, Maera Williams Dec 2024

Jovial Family Farm Facilitates Intergenerational Learning Opportunities Through Urban Farming, Maera Williams

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Maera Williams is a sophomore in Environmental and Ecological Engineering at Purdue University. She joined the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) Urban Farming team as a freshman and now serves as project manager of ten undergraduate students collaborating with Jovial Family Farm to design and develop three indoor hydroponics systems for a laboratory space on their property in Broad Ripple, IN. Jovial Family Farm is a nonprofit organization founded by Drs. Bobbie and Brian Jellison with the mission to provide senior citizens, their families, and their communities with meaningful engagement opportunities on an intergenerational scale through urban agricultural activities. …


Wolf Park, Pawsing For Impactful Beginnings: The Role Of Community Engagement And Education In Service-Learning, John W. Robbins, Deniz Eksioglu, Kaushal Patel Dec 2024

Wolf Park, Pawsing For Impactful Beginnings: The Role Of Community Engagement And Education In Service-Learning, John W. Robbins, Deniz Eksioglu, Kaushal Patel

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Our team’s endeavor, conducted under the guidance of Dr. Kristen Bellisario, encapsulates a service-learning journey with Wolf Park, a sanctuary dedicated to the conservation and research of wolves and wildlife. Through immersive experiences, community outreach, and collaborative partnerships, our team sought to amplify public understanding of wildlife conservation and inspire a sense of responsibility among participants. This essay examines the impact of our initiatives on both the community and ourselves, emphasizing the transformative potential of education, engagement, and community partnerships in effecting positive societal change. Our team advocates for sustained support for wildlife conservation efforts and underscore the necessity of …


The Hoosier Slide: Promoting Engagement With Environment, Kayla Vasilko Dec 2024

The Hoosier Slide: Promoting Engagement With Environment, Kayla Vasilko

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

With unsustainable production models and a plethora of other damaging activities, humans’ strain on the environment has made it impossible to assume that the planet’s ecosystem will sustain future generations (WWF, 2018); our response to this crisis will impact current and future generations and all other species on Earth (Global Stewards, 2022; United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2022). To make a difference, education about the problem needs to be furthered. I worked with the PNW Westville Warriors and the Michigan City Lubeznik Center for the Arts (a community center dedicated to offering programming that balances joy with critical thinking, with …


Beyond The Bench: Redefining Research Impact In Society, Nouran Amin Dec 2024

Beyond The Bench: Redefining Research Impact In Society, Nouran Amin

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

The following essay reports on the reflective experiences of the author’s time completing a certificate program “Advancing Graduate Research Impact in Society” offered by Purdue University’s Office of Community Engagement in Fall 2023. It begins by narrating the author's journey as a Muslim woman in STEM spaces, highlighting the lack of relatable role models and the ensuing dissonance between aspirations and prevailing narratives. Through introspection, the essay progresses to examine the paradox of publicly funded but inaccessible science, which often fails to engage with community needs and priorities. The essay underscores the importance of inclusivity and diverse representation in scientific …


Empowering Tech Professionals: Mentorship And Interview Preparation In The Face Of Industry Layoffs, Sakhi Aggrawal Dec 2024

Empowering Tech Professionals: Mentorship And Interview Preparation In The Face Of Industry Layoffs, Sakhi Aggrawal

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

In recent years, the Information Technology (IT) industry has witnessed significant turmoil, marked by waves of mass layoffs that have left numerous skilled professionals grappling with job loss and uncertainty. The year 2023 alone saw over 250,000 tech workers in U.S.-based companies lose their livelihoods due to corporate restructuring, with renowned giants like Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft, and Meta being forced to trim their workforce. This unsettling trend highligts a pressing need to support those affected and empower them to regain stability in their careers.

Against this backdrop, I, an experienced technical program manager and software engineer with a background at …


Leveraging Social Ties To Financial Gains: Exploring The Impact Of Social Capital In Rural Development, Mallory L. Rahe, Andrew J. Van Leuven, Trey Malone Dec 2024

Leveraging Social Ties To Financial Gains: Exploring The Impact Of Social Capital In Rural Development, Mallory L. Rahe, Andrew J. Van Leuven, Trey Malone

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Social capital, defined as networks of individuals linked through bonding or bridging relationships, plays a crucial but poorly conceptualized role in place-based development. The word “capital” implies an underlying value of the social connections throughout a community, and this study explores how these social relationships are used to initiate, plan, access financial capital, and implement economic development projects in rural areas. We avoid county-level aggregation bias and use a divergent pathway case study of projects across eight communities to examine how social ties are used during rural development in places with both high and low financial capital. Both types of …


Library Publishing Directory 2024, Library Publishing Coalition Dec 2024

Library Publishing Directory 2024, Library Publishing Coalition

Library Publishing Directory

No abstract provided.


The Computational Eye. Deconstructing Style In Digital Art History, Paul Guhennec, Ellen Charlesworth Dec 2024

The Computational Eye. Deconstructing Style In Digital Art History, Paul Guhennec, Ellen Charlesworth

Artl@s Bulletin

With the aim of grounding digital methods in the art historic tradition, this paper uses the discussions around style as a springboard to ask how digital art history can extend beyond providing quantitative confirmation of known trends to enrich our current understanding of visual cultures. Drawing from the examples throughout this issue, we explore how an analysis of computational ways of seeing—or the ‘computational eye’—can expose the underlying preoccupations and priorities of our own research.

Afin de mieux ancrer les méthodes numériques dans la tradition de l’histoire de l’art, cet article se sert des discussions récentes autour du concept de …


Manufacturing National Boundaries? The Notion Of Style Between Identity Constructions And Spatial Approaches, Michela Passini Dec 2024

Manufacturing National Boundaries? The Notion Of Style Between Identity Constructions And Spatial Approaches, Michela Passini

Artl@s Bulletin

Art historians have long been preoccupied by art’s geographical inscription. But it was during the interwar period that research on the geography of art really took off and was recognized as a field of study in its own right. This is evidenced by the organization of an international congress of art history (Stockholm, September 1933) specifically devoted to art geography.

What was the field covered in 1933 by artistic geography? How did it define its objects? And how an art history marked at the time by an extremely present methodological nationalism did shape geographical approaches?

Depuis les débuts de la …


Style Revisited, Béatrice Joyeux-Prunel, Catherine Dossin, Nicola Carboni Dec 2024

Style Revisited, Béatrice Joyeux-Prunel, Catherine Dossin, Nicola Carboni

Artl@s Bulletin

The resurgence of the concept of 'style' within the realm of artificial intelligence, particularly in the fields of image classification and style transfer, reignites age-old discussions in art history. Despite the success of algorithmic methods, this revival has been met with significant criticism from art historians. A thorough exploration of the history of the concept of style, its evolution, inherent ambiguities, and diverse applications underscores the challenges art history faces in integrating new computational approaches that aim to describe and analyze styles. This is the central theme of this issue of the Artl@s Bulletin, for which we invited a diverse …


Developing Nursing Education In A Low-Income Country, Kalyn M. Renbarger, Jane Frances Anyango, Joshua Kanaabi Muliira Dec 2024

Developing Nursing Education In A Low-Income Country, Kalyn M. Renbarger, Jane Frances Anyango, Joshua Kanaabi Muliira

School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Background

Nursing schools in low-income countries face challenges to effectively educate and retain future nurses in rural settings where healthcare needs are more prominent. It is important to understand the experiences of nursing students in rural settings to better prepare them to meet the complex needs of the community. Little is known about nursing students' experiences in rural Uganda. The purpose of this paper is to explore nursing students' experiences of attending school in a rural setting in Uganda.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive design was used to conduct this study. Twelve nursing students from a nursing school in rural Uganda …


A Response To Openai's Student Guide To Writing With Chatgpt, David Nelson Dec 2024

A Response To Openai's Student Guide To Writing With Chatgpt, David Nelson

IMPACT Publications

ChatGPT turned two years old and it’s not an anniversary many of us in education want to celebrate. ChatGPT has over 250 million weekly users, many of them students. OpenAI’s indifference to releasing an app that students used to offload learning is astonishing, but not unsurprising, considering Sam Altman’s thoughts about the state of higher education months before the public release of ChatGPT:

For the past two years, OpenAI’s grand public experiment included no guidance for educators. Early in November they finally released a student’s guide to writing with ChatGPT. The guest post below from Dave Nelson offers one …


Restorative Pedagogy To Build Community In The Classroom: Autoethnographic Reflections From Faculty, Sheila M. Mcmahon, Zahra Ahmed, Michelle Bemiller Dec 2024

Restorative Pedagogy To Build Community In The Classroom: Autoethnographic Reflections From Faculty, Sheila M. Mcmahon, Zahra Ahmed, Michelle Bemiller

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

Restorative justice (RJ) is a philosophy and set of practices that center harms and needs. Within a classroom setting, an RJ pedagogical approach invites a process of shared learning that attends to critical issues of equity, power, and voice. Utilizing an autoethnographic approach, this manuscript includes critical reflections from three faculty members from diverse disciplines and positionalities about the use of RJ approaches to teaching in our respective classrooms. This paper includes discussion about the intersection of RJ with critical pedagogy, power differentials, and pragmatic issues of classroom structure learning design.


Research In Practice And Practicing Research: Teaching Women And Leadership Discourse, Amaly Santiago, Mariaelena Bartesaghi Phd Dec 2024

Research In Practice And Practicing Research: Teaching Women And Leadership Discourse, Amaly Santiago, Mariaelena Bartesaghi Phd

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

In this article, we examine the course Women and Leadership Discourse as research in practice. As Craig and Tracy have argued (1995; 2021), practical theory examines data from everyday practices and is consequential to social life. The course centers on women's leadership, issues of leadership dynamics, and women’s roles in organizations. As scholars and instructors, we move to transform research into embodied awareness, teaching students of all genders to be poised for career satisfaction because they understand how critical encounters in organizations work, and how to navigate them. In discussing course design, we describe the pedagogical ways which facilitate collaboration, …


Transformative Interventions In Cell Biology: The Development And Use Of Instructor/Student-Interactive Demonstrations Of Key Cell Biology Concepts, Prashanth Rao, Ashok Upadhyaya, Meera Nanjundan Dec 2024

Transformative Interventions In Cell Biology: The Development And Use Of Instructor/Student-Interactive Demonstrations Of Key Cell Biology Concepts, Prashanth Rao, Ashok Upadhyaya, Meera Nanjundan

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

In Cell Biology, a sophomore/junior undergraduate-level high-enrollment core course, students are expected to develop a broad and detailed understanding of the functioning of eukaryotic cells. For example, some of the more challenging biological concepts include machinery involved in the replication and translational processes, protein trafficking/orientation in membranes, as well as both G protein-coupled receptor and receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathways. In this instructional article, we describe prior published reports of the use of interactive demonstrations of several of these key biological concepts in the classroom. Furthermore, we narrate our efforts to integrate several of these disparate evidence-based techniques (EBTs) …


Fostering Active Learning And Metacognitive Skills In A Cognitive-Science Based Math Course, Sheila Tabanli Dec 2024

Fostering Active Learning And Metacognitive Skills In A Cognitive-Science Based Math Course, Sheila Tabanli

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

There is a large body of research on how to improve student learning through active learning and metacognition. However, without well-structured guidelines, students do not tend to actively engage with the taught material, peers, and the instructor at a desirable metacognitive level (Deslauriers et al., 2019). To address this problem, a research-driven assessment structure is integrated into a nontraditional course called “Methods for Mathematical Problem Solving” (M2PS). Methods for Mathematical Problem Solving was designed by the author to teach students effective study principles stemming from cognitive science. The assessments include synchronous check for understanding (CFU) assignments to further investigate the …


Flipped Teaching Eased The Transition To Online Learning Of College Students In Stem Courses During Covid-19, Sinan Onal, Carolyn Butts-Wilmsmeyer, Charles Serrano, Paige Dickey, Georgia Bracey, Sharon Locke, Julie Fickas, Chaya Gopalan Dec 2024

Flipped Teaching Eased The Transition To Online Learning Of College Students In Stem Courses During Covid-19, Sinan Onal, Carolyn Butts-Wilmsmeyer, Charles Serrano, Paige Dickey, Georgia Bracey, Sharon Locke, Julie Fickas, Chaya Gopalan

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

Following COVID-19, teaching was abruptly shifted from a live to a virtual format, posing a challenge to both students and faculty. There is a need to employ alternatives, emphasizing targeting the factors that suit Generation Z students for effective learning while maintaining social distancing. Understanding students' perceptions about the educational environment plays a vital role in planning and implementing teaching strategies for the future. Flipped teaching (FT) has been a successful instructional method because it embeds active learning strategies and some remote learning for which students are responsible. This study examined the perceptions of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) …


Learners Authoring Their Agency Related To An English For Academic Purposes Course, Riina Seppälä Dec 2024

Learners Authoring Their Agency Related To An English For Academic Purposes Course, Riina Seppälä

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

Given the demands of modern working life, university studies should support students’ life-long learning and agency. This article explores the types of agency learners from an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course described in interviews. The interviews were conducted in two groups in 2 consecutive years, in two stages: at the end of the EAP course as well as 6 to 7 months later. Through thematic content analysis, three types of agency were identified: instrumental agency, operational agency, and reflective agency. These types usually differed in terms of the contexts in which the learners placed the agency, the positions the …


Meanings Of Authentic Learning Scenarios: A Study Of The Interplay Between Higher Education And Employability Of Higher Education Graduates, Kajsa Falkner, Eva Edman Stålbrandt Dec 2024

Meanings Of Authentic Learning Scenarios: A Study Of The Interplay Between Higher Education And Employability Of Higher Education Graduates, Kajsa Falkner, Eva Edman Stålbrandt

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

The study is a part of the Erasmus+ project Skill-UP: Matching graduates’ skills and labour world demands through authentic learning scenarios. Higher education provides many different opportunities for students’ learning, though there are limited possibilities for them to learn through collaboration in authentic learning experiences. The article reports on a study which investigates meanings of authentic learning scenarios in higher education in relation to the employability of higher education graduates in a course within the bachelor’s programme in study and career guidance at Stockholm University, Sweden. Pre- and post-questionnaires on the employability skills of new graduates were completed by final …


The Effects Of Math Anxiety On The Performance Of Undergraduate Business Majors: Using Self-Efficacy As A Mediator, Audrey Meador Dec 2024

The Effects Of Math Anxiety On The Performance Of Undergraduate Business Majors: Using Self-Efficacy As A Mediator, Audrey Meador

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

This research contributes to the body of knowledge regarding mathematics anxiety, self-efficacy, and performance in mathematics. Specifically, this study analyzed these constructs as they pertain to undergraduate business students enrolled in entry-level, prerequisite mathematics courses. Information was collected via surveys utilizing the Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Questionnaire (MSEAQ). Results based on regression modeling were consistent with prior research involving the relationship between mathematics anxiety and performance, with self-efficacy serving as a mediator. Data indicated an inverse relationship between math anxiety and math self-efficacy, an inverse relationship between math anxiety and students’ expected grade, differences in math self efficacy by business …


Hybrid Teaching And Learning In Higher Education: An Appreciative Inquiry, Lori E. Kniffin, Justin Greenleaf Dec 2024

Hybrid Teaching And Learning In Higher Education: An Appreciative Inquiry, Lori E. Kniffin, Justin Greenleaf

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

This study is an appreciative inquiry (Cooperrider & Srivasta, 1987; Priest et al., 2013) into hybrid courses offered in Fall 2020, which included a combination of face-to-face and online elements. The courses in this study were part of an academic leadership studies program at Fort Hays State University and were taught in the hybrid format for the first time in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study was to identify the assets of the hybrid modality of instruction in order to retain and implement them post-pandemic in any modality. Our findings include three themes: (1) perceptions of …


Building And Employing The Music-Coaching-Improv (M-C-I) Framework To Aid New Instructors In Overcoming The Imposter Phenomenon, John Hinck, Steven B. Davis, Andrew Clayton, Stephanie Wilson, Melanie Leon Dec 2024

Building And Employing The Music-Coaching-Improv (M-C-I) Framework To Aid New Instructors In Overcoming The Imposter Phenomenon, John Hinck, Steven B. Davis, Andrew Clayton, Stephanie Wilson, Melanie Leon

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

New instructors often face feeling like an imposter. This article explains an innovative contribution called the Music-Coaching-Improv (M-C-I) Framework of 15 skills that includes the top five ways to use music, five key coaching skills, and five core improv skills. The M-C-I Framework was the foundation for three improv exercises that were selected due to their effectiveness in training the overlapping skills of active listening, support, letting go of judgment, being in the moment, cocreation, and acceptance that supported instructors overcoming the imposter phenomenon. This article examines how music, coaching, and improv training in an instructor development program influenced participants …


High Impact Practices (Hips) And Student Performance, Abdou Ndoye Dec 2024

High Impact Practices (Hips) And Student Performance, Abdou Ndoye

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

Using a sample of 1031 students from a public university, who responded to the NSSE survey in the Spring of 2018, this study explored the relationships between high-impact practices (HIPs) and several student academic performance metrics. Student responses to the NSSE HIPs participation questions were combined with their academic performance (GPA, credit hour completion, years-to-degree). Linear regression results show that the number of HIPS is a significant predictor of all academic performance metrics. The study also found significant differences between student populations and across course delivery modes regarding their participation in HIPs.


“It’S Like Listening To An Audiobook”: University Of Botswana Students’ Lived Experiences And Views About Online Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Boitumelo Ramoroka, Keokgale Basetsana Tlhobogang, Brigid Goitse Conteh, Beauty Boikanyo Ntereke Dec 2024

“It’S Like Listening To An Audiobook”: University Of Botswana Students’ Lived Experiences And Views About Online Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Boitumelo Ramoroka, Keokgale Basetsana Tlhobogang, Brigid Goitse Conteh, Beauty Boikanyo Ntereke

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

The abrupt shift to online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic put a strain on the education sector the world over. Using the social constructivist theory, this study postulates that faceto- face teaching and learning does not seamlessly translate to online instruction both in terms of pedagogical practice and learner experiences. This study explores students’ experiences with the quality of online learning during the pandemic. Data were collected through focus group discussions with undergraduate students across seven faculties. A thematic analysis of the responses reveals that participants mostly reported negative experiences with online learning arising from factors such as …


Active Learning Classrooms Vs Computer Labs: Student Learning, Emotion, And Classroom Settings, Megumi Kuwabara Dec 2024

Active Learning Classrooms Vs Computer Labs: Student Learning, Emotion, And Classroom Settings, Megumi Kuwabara

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

Using undergraduate students in the research methods course in Child Development as participants and keeping the instructional approach consistent, this study examined two research questions. The first research question tested the effect of two classroom settings, active learning classrooms (ALCs) versus computer labs, on students’ learning. The results found that students in ALCs performed marginally better than computer labs for overall course grades and papers, but not for exams. The second research question tested the relationship between the reduction of negative feeling state and learning and investigated whether the relationship differed based on the classroom setting (ALCs vs computer lab). …