Digital Commons Network^™

How Does Herbicide Resistance Change Farmer’S Weed Management Decisions? Evidence From The Roundup Ready Experiment, Huichun Sun, Terrance Hurley, George B. Frisvold, Katherine Dentzman, David Ervin, Wesley Everman, Jeffrey Gunsolus, Jason Norsworthy, Micheal Owen

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Adoption of diverse weed management practices is viewed as essential for slowing the spread of herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds. Yet, adoption of diverse tactics has remained low, while there has been explosive growth of resistant weeds. This study analyzes U.S.-farm-level data to identify factors affecting adoption of diverse weed management practices. This study uses directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to consider how practice adoption is influenced by different causal pathways between farmer and farm characteristics and farmer awareness of and concern over HR weeds. This study then uses multiple regression analysis to estimate the direct and indirect pathways that influence practice adoption. …

Evaluating The Multi-Valued Bartlett Processor, Daniel Robert Frister

Dissertations and Theses

A variety of approaches exist to track targets in the ocean using acoustic sensors, and the complex mix of source characteristics, environmental effects, and sensor array limitations can make the selection of an appropriate algorithm challenging. This thesis models in simulation a recently proposed signal processing method that is intended for use with a large rectangular sensor array to track the bearings of multiple sources. The method, referred to as the Multi-Valued Bartlett (MVB) processor, is an eigenvector beamformer that leverages the capabilities of large arrays to locate in bearing multiple sources simultaneously. The analysis of this thesis details the …

Ioc Consensus Statement: Interpersonal Violence And Safeguarding In Sport, Yetsa A. Tuakli-Wosornu, Kirsty Burrows, Kari Fasting, Mike Hartill, Ken Hodge, Keith Kaufman, Emma Kavanagh, Sandra L. Kirby, Jelena G. Macleod, Margo Mountjoy, Sylvie Parent, Minhyeok Tak, Tine Vertommen, Daniel J. A. Rhind

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Interpersonal violence (IV) in sport is challenging to define, prevent and remedy due to its subjectivity and complexity. The 2024 International Olympic Committee Consensus on Interpersonal Violence and Safeguarding aimed to synthesise evidence on IV and safeguarding in sport, introduce a new conceptual model of IV in sport and offer more accessible safeguarding guidance to all within the sports ecosystem by merging evidence with insights from Olympic athletes.

Mindfulness In Helping Professions: A Systematic Review Of Interventions And Research Gaps, Yi-Wen Su, Ye Luo

Counselor Education Faculty Publications and Presentations

Mindfulness interventions yield significant benefits such as stress reduction, increased empathy and compassion, and enhanced self-efficacy among counselors. These outcomes are particularly valuable for helping professionals. This systematic review examines mindfulness interventions within mental health professional development programs, evaluating their effectiveness, assessing outcomes, and analyzing the mindfulness measures used. A comprehensive search across three databases identified 19 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Findings demonstrate that diverse formats of mindfulness interventions effectively enhance mindfulness levels, reduce stress, foster self-compassion, and improve mental health outcomes among counselors and trainees. The review underscores the necessity for future studies to report practical significance to …

Predicting Cloud-To-Ground Lightning In The Western United States From The Large-Scale Environment Using Explainable Neural Networks, Dmitri A. Kalashnikov, Frances V. Davenport, Zachary M. Labe, Paul C. Loikith, John T. Abatzoglou, Deepti Singh

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

Lightning is a major source of wildfire ignition in the western United States (WUS). We build and train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to predict the occurrence of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning across the WUS during June-September from the spatial patterns of seven large-scale meteorological variables from reanalysis (1995-2022). Individually trained CNN models at each 1° × 1° grid cell ( = 285 CNNs) show high skill at predicting CG lightning days across the WUS (median AUC = 0.8) and perform best in parts of the interior Southwest where summertime CG lightning is most common. Further, interannual correlation between observed and predicted …

Bike Buses: An Evaluation Of An Emerging Active Transportation To School Intervention, Evan Howington, Nathan Mcneil, John Macarthur

TREC Faculty and Staff Publications

Bike buses are a relatively new form of active transportation to school (ATS) that have primarily emerged in Europe and the United States. A form of coordinated, group bike riding along a defined route to school, bike buses are an outgrowth of Safe Routes to School interventions in North America that seek to reverse the declining rates of walking and biking to school among children. Our initial phase of research included a literature review of social and environmental factors affecting ATS in the contemporary North American context, and two convenience surveys of bike bus coordinators and parent participants. This initial …

¡Viva Puerto Rico! How Puerto Rico's Political And Economic Status Has Affected Its Vulnerability To Natural Hazards, Mystique Quintana

University Honors Theses

Using Hurricane Maria as a case study, this thesis examines Puerto Rico's vulnerability to natural disasters and explores the intersections between colonial history, political status, and socioeconomic inequalities. Undertaking the island's susceptibility to environmental crises based on centuries of colonial exploitation and dependence, along with restrictive U.S. policies. It is argued that policies like the Jones Act, Operation Bootstrap, and PROMESA perpetuate systemic neglect and undermine disaster preparedness. Due to these structural vulnerabilities, intensified by climate change, Puerto Rico is ill-equipped to recover from hurricanes. During Hurricane Maria, systemic governance failures, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient federal aid exposed these deep-rooted …

Mean Field Control Of Droplet Dynamics With High-Order Finite-Element Computations, Guosheng Fu, Hangjie Ji, Will Pazner, Wuchen Li

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Liquid droplet dynamics are widely used in biological and engineering applications, which contain complex interfacial instabilities and pattern formation such as droplet merging, splitting, and transport. This paper studies a class of mean field control formulations for these droplet dynamics, which can be used to control and manipulate droplets in applications. We first formulate the droplet dynamics as gradient flows of free energies in modified optimal transport metrics with nonlinear mobilities. We then design an optimal control problem for these gradient flows. As an example, a lubrication equation for a thin volatile liquid film laden with an active suspension is …

“You Could Have Did Us Better Than This”: Reparative Housing Policies And The Struggle To Right Harms To Black Communities, Amie Thurber, Lisa K. Bates, Susan Halverson, Keisha Muia

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper contributes to the burgeoning literature related to reparative planning, with an emphasis on housing policy. After exploring the state of theorizing related to reparative planning, this paper describes its three central dimensions: public recognition, material redistribution, and social/spatial transformation. The authors use these dimensions to evaluate a housing policy designed to repair harms to Black residents in Portland, Oregon. This in-depth analysis draws on survey, interview, and focus group data to explore the degree to which residents’ experiences of the policy reflect these three dimensions. The paper concludes with implications for other municipalities considering reparative housing policies, namely …

Best Practices For The Naming Of Species, Luis A. Ruedas, Ryan W. Norris, Robert M. Timm

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The process of describing a species has evolved considerably since the modern age of taxonomy was initiated with the publication of the 10th edition of Linnaeus’ Systema Naturæ in 1758. Nevertheless, the basic unit of the taxonomic framework remains the species group (species and subspecies). As a result, it is incumbent upon individuals undertaking species-group descriptions to strive for the highest standards, just as it is for reviewers and editors to hold authors to those same standards. The clear and mounting biodiversity crisis, the increasing proliferation of journals, the multiplication of journals publishing only in electronic format, the decline in …

Faint Glimmers: Redrawing The Housewife In Yamada Murasaki's Talk To My Back, Ceres Lovelace

Dissertations and Theses

Yamada Murasaki's seminal manga collection Talk to My Back, originally titled Shinkirari, tells a story of a woman's gradual journey toward agency within the constraints of a nuclear patriarchal family. Set within the everyday suburban life of Chiharu in 1980s Japan, Yamada uses subtle visual cues and restrained narrative techniques to illustrate her protagonist's struggles and quiet breakthroughs as she questions her identity and renegotiates her role as a housewife and mother.

By exploring the often-overlooked inner world of a housewife, Yamada scrutinizes traditional gender roles and reveals the burden and psychological toll of the emotional labor imposed on …

Inefficiencies In Water Supply And Perceptions Of Water Use In Peri-Urban And Rural Water Supply Systems: Case Study In Cali And Restrepo, Colombia, Diana Carolina Callejas Moncaleano, Saket Pande, Melissa Haeffner, Juan Pablo Rodríguez Sánchez, Luuk Rietveld

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction:

Water scarcity is a significant global challenge that frequently manifests as inadequate water supply for domestic purposes. However, domestic water insecurity can occur even in regions where water is naturally abundant. Despite Colombia’s plentiful surface water resources, rural and peri-urban communities often experience limited access to water. Existing water supply systems are frequently susceptible to poor maintenance, particularly in remote areas where much of the infrastructure remains outdated. Consequently, water is often lost through leaks or unintentional non-domestic use. Although a regulatory framework for water usage exists, it does not consistently translate into effective implementation.

Methodology:

Based on an …

Automated Verification Of Compiler Transformations, Yanzhao Wang

Dissertations and Theses

The ever-growing complexity of software and its target hardware makes it increasingly challenging to develop reliable compilers that preserve the semantics of source code during compilation. Traditional testing methods often lack sufficient test coverage and fail to identify subtle errors and undefined behaviors that can lead to compiler malfunctions. Furthermore, while formal compiler certification ensures semantic preservation through theorem proving, the inherent complexity of this process makes re-certification after each compiler revision substantially labor-intensive. This often significantly hinders the improvement of compilers.

This research aims to bridge the gap between increasing compiler complexity and the limited scalability of formal verification …

Investigating The Learning Goals And Expectations Of Laboratory Coordinators, Graduate Teaching Assistants, And Students In General And Organic Chemistry Laboratory Courses, Elizabeth Blanche Vaughan, A. Montoya-Cowan, Christine Kim, Alexandra Stephens, Osie Hamilton, Jack Barbera

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

As chemistry education researchers and practitioners continue to investigate and improve undergraduate laboratory courses, it is necessary to consider the perspectives held by each of the stakeholders who are directly involved in these courses, including laboratory coordinators, graduate teaching assistants, and students. This study sought to qualitatively investigate the learning goals and expectations held by laboratory coordinators, graduate teaching assistants (GTAs), and students for general and organic chemistry laboratory courses at a single institution. This was completed through the collection and analysis of semistructured interview data from laboratory coordinators and GTAs and open-ended written responses from students. Results indicated that …

Polymorphism Control Of Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet) Degradation Product Via Mechanochemistry Leads To Accelerated Microbial Degradation, Deepika Shingwekar, Nicholas Lutz, Delbert S. Botes, Elani J. Cabrera-Vega, Gonzalo Campillo-Alvarado, Jay L. Mellies, Jesus Daniel Loya

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Here, we optimized a chemo-microbial degradation of polyethylene terephthalate. Developed a path to mechanochemically interconvert between BHET polymorphs and established that BHET polymorphism influences bacterial biodegradation rate.

Active Grid Turbulence Anomalies Through The Lens Of Physics Informed Neural Networks, Sofía Angriman, Sarah E. Smith, Patricio Clark Di Leoni, Pablo J. Cobelli, Pablo D. Mininni, Martín Obligado

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Active grids operated with random protocols are a standard way to generate large Reynolds number turbulence in wind and water tunnels. But anomalies in the decay and third-order scaling of active-grid turbulence have been reported. We combine Laser Doppler Velocimetry and hot-wire anemometry measurements in a wind tunnel, with machine learning techniques and numerical simulations, to gain further understanding on the reasons behind these anomalies. Numerical simulations that incorporate the statistical anomalies observed in the experimental velocity field near the active grid can reproduce the experimental anomalies observed later in the decay. The results indicate that anomalies in experiments near …

Faculty Senate Monthly Packet November 2024, Portland State University Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Monthly Packets

The November 4, 2024 monthly packet includes the November agenda, appendices, and the Faculty Senate minutes and attachments from the meeting held November 4, 2024.

On The Improved Convergence Of Lifted Distributional Gauss Curvature From Regge Elements, Jay Gopalakrishnan, Michael Neunteufel, Joachim Schöberl, Max Wardetzky

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although Regge finite element functions are not continuous, useful generalizations of nonlinear derivatives like the curvature, can be defined using them. This paper is devoted to studying the convergence of the finite element lifting of a generalized (distributional) Gauss curvature defined using a metric tensor approximation in the Regge finite element space. Specifically, we investigate the interplay between the polynomial degree of the curvature lifting by Lagrange elements and the degree of the metric tensor in the Regge finite element space. Previously, a superconvergence result, where convergence rate of one order higher than expected, was obtained when the approximate metric …

A 3d Memristor Architecture For In-Memory Computing Demonstrated With Sha3, Muayad J. Aljafar, Rasika Joshi, John M. Acken

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Security is a growing problem that needs hardware support. Memristors provide an alternative technology for hardware-supported security implementation. This paper presents a specific technique that utilizes the benefits of hybrid CMOS-memristors technology demonstrated with SHA3 over implementations that use only memristor technology. In the proposed technique, SHA3 is implemented in a set of perpendicular crossbar arrays structured to facilitate logic implementation and circular bit rotation (Rho operation), which is perhaps the most complex operation in SHA3 when carried out in memristor arrays. The Rho operation itself is implemented with CMOS multiplexers (MUXs). The proposed accelerator is standby power-free and circumvents …

A Finite-Horizon Approach To Active Level Set Estimation, Phillip Kearns, Bruno Jedynak, John Lipor

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We consider the problem of active learning for level set estimation (LSE), where the goal is to localize all regions where a function of interest lies above/below a given threshold as quickly as possible. We present a finitehorizon search procedure to perform LSE in one dimension while optimally balancing both the final estimation error and the distance traveled during active learning for a fixed number of samples. A tuning parameter is used to trade off between the estimation accuracy and distance traveled. We show that the resulting optimization problem can be solved in closed form and that the resulting policy …

Nfts At The Nexus Of Innovation And Sustainability: A Framework Aligning Nft Affordances With The Sustainable Development Goals, Kristi Yuthas

Business Faculty Publications and Presentations

The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are goals associated with the most significant global issues, which include climate, health, security, and poverty. The goals are part of an agenda for making progress on environmental, social, and economic issues while ensuring peace and leaving no one behind. Meeting these goals requires effort and innovation on all fronts, including technology. Information and communication technologies have long contributed to these efforts, and more recently, blockchain for good projects have begun to bear fruit. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which are, in essence, certificates of ownership stored on a blockchain, can also contribute to sustainable …

Verifying Models Of The Underwater Soundscape From Wind And Ships With Benchmark Scenariosa), S Bruce Martin, Martin Siderius, Michael A. Ainslie, Michele B. Halvorsen, Leila Hatch, Mark K. Prior, Daniel Brooker, James Caplinger, Christine Erbe, John Gebbie, Multiple Additional Authors

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Models of the underwater acoustic soundscape are important for evaluating the effects of human generated sounds on marine life. The performance of models can be validated against measurements or verified against each other for consistency. A verification workshop was held to compare models that predict the soundscape from wind and vessels and estimate detection ranges for a submerged target. Eight modeling groups participated in the workshop which predicted sound levels with observation windows of 1 min and 1 km2. Substantial differences were found in how modelers computed the propagation losses for decidecade bands and estimated the source level of wind. …

Techniques For Modeling Ocean Soundscapes: Detailed Description For Wind Contributionsa, Martin Siderius, Michael A. Ainslie, John Gebbie, Alexandra Schäfke, N Ross Chapman, Bruce Martin, Kay L. Gemba

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Wind over the ocean creates breaking waves that generate air-filled bubbles, which radiate underwater sound. This wind-generated sound is a significant component of the ocean soundscape, and models are essential for understanding and predicting its impact. Models for predicting sound pressure level (SPL) from wind have been studied for many years. However, the terminology and definitions behind modeling approaches have not been unified, and ambiguity has led to differences in predicted SPL. The 2022 Ambient Sound Modeling Workshop was organized to compare ambient sound modeling approaches from different researchers. The main goal of the workshop was to quantify differences in …

The Crime Of Luring A Minor For Contact Sexual Abuse: Exploration Of Demographic Patterns & Criminal Records Of Convicted Offenders., Bridget Diamond-Welch, Anna E. Kosloski, Christopher P. Carey, Molly Mcdade

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a significant public health problem, with a small but important subset of crimes committed by strangers, often facilitated through luring. Understanding the characteristics of individuals who engage in luring is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the demographic characteristics and criminal histories of individuals convicted of luring a minor and to examine the types of crimes committed before and after conviction.

Participants and setting

The study included all individuals (N = 115) convicted of “luring a minor” between 2011 and 2021 in one county in …

Investigating Students' Expectations And Engagement In General And Organic Chemistry Laboratory Courses, Elizabeth B. Vaughan, Saraswathi Tummuru, Jack Barbera

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Students’ expectations for their laboratory coursework are theorized to have an impact on their learning experiences and behaviors, such as engagement. Before students’ expectations and engagement can be explored in different types of undergraduate chemistry laboratory courses, appropriate measures of these constructs must be identified, and evidence of validity and reliability for the data collected with these instruments must be investigated. This study collected evidence related to response process validity, internal structure validity, and single administration reliability for version 2 of the Meaningful Learning in the Laboratory Instrument (MLLIv2) and a measure of student engagement in the undergraduate chemistry laboratory. …

Properties Of Generalized Polyhedral Convex Multifunctions, Ngoc Luan Nguyen, Mau Nam Nguyen, Dong Yen Nguyen

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper presents a study of generalized polyhedral convexity under basic operations on multifunctions. We address the preservation of generalized polyhedral convexity under sums and compositions of multifunctions, the domains and ranges of generalized polyhedral convex multifunctions, and the direct and inverse images of sets under such mappings. Then we explore the class of optimal value functions defined by a generalized polyhedral convex objective function and a generalized polyhedral convex constrained mapping. The new results provide a framework for representing the relative interior of the graph of a generalized polyhedral convex multifunction in terms of the relative interiors of its …

Bipolar Ionization Did Not Reduce Airborne Bacteria In A Lecture Hall, David A. Kormos, Nishit J. Shetty, Elliott T. Gall, Aaron J. Prussin, Amy Pruden, Linsey C. Marr

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Ionization treatment of indoor air has attracted attention for its potential to inactivate airborne pathogens and reduce disease transmission, yet its real-world effectiveness remains unverified. We evaluated the impact of an in-duct, bipolar ionization system on airborne particles, including culturable bacteria, in a lecture hall. The ionizer was off with variable fan speed for 1 week, on with variable fan speed for a second week, and on with high and constant fan speed for a third week. We measured ion concentrations and aerosol particle concentrations, and we collected bioaerosol samples for analysis of 16S rRNA gene copies representing total bacteria …

Altitude-Driven Variations In Chrysophycean Stomatocyst Assemblages: Implications For Climate Reconstructions In The Three Parallel Rivers Of Yunnan Protected Area, China, Yanling Li, Qi Liu, Yangdong Pan, Wanting Pang

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Area (TPRYPA) is in the core area of the Hengduan Mountains, characterized by paralleling alternately high mountains and canyons that led to significant vertical temperature variation. Developing a climate transfer function for this region is crucial for both biodiversity protection and enhancing our understanding of feedback mechanisms between low-latitude and high-altitude areas in the context of global climate change. We investigated the chrysophycean stomatocyst assemblages from surface sediments of 46 high mountain lakes (altitude: 3244 to 5043 m) in the TPRYPA to assess the suitability of cysts in prediction of climate variability in …

Bike Buses: An Evaluation Of An Emerging Active Transportation To School Intervention, Evan Howington, John H. Macarthur, Nathan W. Mcneil

PSU Transportation Seminars

Bike Buses are a relatively new form of Active Transportation to School (ATS) that have gained popularity in Europe and the United States in recent years. Generally, a bike bus consists of one or more adult supervisors, often parents, who guide a group of students along a defined ‘route’ to one or more schools. Using literature from the last 15 years published on ATS in North America, we identify four thematic areas of influence on Bike Buses: school policies, parent and student attitudes and behaviors, the urban environment, and the street environment. We conclude that Bike Buses can be situated …

An Exploration Of Self-Efficacy And Its Associated Factors Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients In Taiwan, I-Yu Hsiao, Hanoch Livneh, Wei-Jen Chen, Ming-Chi Lu, Tzung-Yi Tsai

Counselor Education Faculty Publications and Presentations

Self-efficacy is an important ingredient in successful disease management, especially in patients with chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the information on self-efficacy and its influencing factors among RA patients is scarce. This study investigated the level of self-efficacy and its pertinent predictors among RA patients in Taiwan. This cross-sectional study recruited patients with RA from a hospital in Taiwan between January and October 2023. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on respondents’ demographic and job characteristics and included a Chinese version of the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was employed to …