Digital Commons Network^™

Alaska Aquatic Plant Survey Report 2005, Mary Pfauth, Mark Sytsma

Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations

Invasive, non-indigenous plants can degrade water quality and fish habitat when they invade lakes, ponds, and streams. Changes in plant community architecture in lakes due to invasion by canopy-forming invasive aquatic plants can result in loss of native plant biodiversity and reduction of the structural complexity of the underwater habitat.

Can Infopipes Facilitate Reuse In A Traffic Application?, Emerson Murphy-Hill, Chuan-Kai Lin, Andrew P. Black, Jonathan Walpole

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Infopipes are presented as reusable building blocks for streaming applications. To evaluate this claim, we have built a significant traffic application in Smalltalk using Infopipes. This poster presents a traffic problem and solution, a short introduction to Infopipes, and the types of reuse Infopipes facilitate in our implementation.

Towards The Rational Design Of Mri Contrast Agents: A Practical Approach To The Synthesis Of Gadolinium Complexes That Exhibit Optimal Water Exchange, Mark Woods, Mauro Botta, Stefano Avedano, Jing Wang, A. Dean Sherry

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The gadolinium(III) complex of S-SSSS-NO₂BnDOTMA exhibits water exchange kinetics that are optimal for use in high relaxivity or targeted contrast agents. However, the synthesis of this ligand is hampered by the steric encumbrance imparted upon the cyclen ring by the nitrobenzyl substituent. A relatively simple modification has been used to enable the synthesis of larger quantities of a bifunctional ligand that retains similar fast water exchange properties. The gadolinium complex of S-SSS-NO₂BnDO3MA-1A is shown to retain the rapid water exchange kinetics characteristic of a twisted square antiprismatic (TSAP) …

Assessing The Quality And Quantity Of Student Discourse In Mathematics Classrooms, Dave Weaver, Tom Dick, Nicole R. Rigelman

Curriculum and Instruction Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper will discuss the study design, observation protocol, efforts to increase inter-rater reliability, challenges to data collection, and findings from baseline data collection efforts. The paper will also summarize the types of analyses that will be performed with the data and will present other research questions that can be addressed through these analyses.

The Ultrasonic/Shear-Force Microscope: Integrating Ultrasonic Sensing Into A Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscope, Andres H. La Rosa, Xiquan Cui, J. Mccollum, Nan Li, Richard Nordstrom

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

An ultrasonic transducer is incorporated into a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) to augment its versatility to characterize the properties of layers adsorbed to a sample's surface. Working under typical NSOM operation conditions, the ultrasonic transducer--attached underneath the sample--demonstrates sufficient sensitivity to monitor the waves generated by the tapered NSOM probe that oscillates in the proximity of, and parallel to, the sample's top surface. This capability makes the newly integrated ultrasonic/shear-force microscope a valuable diagnostic tool in the study of sliding friction and surface phenomena in general. Here, it is used to concurrently and independently monitor the effects that probe-sample …

A Tale Of Two Methods—Agent-Based Simulation And System Dynamics— Applied In A Biomedical Context: Acute Inflammatory Response, Wayne W. Wakeland, Joe Fusion, Brahm Goldstein

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Three specific models of the acute inflammatory response were contrasted. The first model was a recently published and rather complex agent-based model used to simulate clinical trials in silico. The second model was a highly simplified system dynamics model developed during the present research. The third model was also recently published, with similar objectives to the first model, but utilized a complex set of 18 differential equations. The study found that the complexity of the first and third models is likely to adversely impact their usefulness, at least for other researchers. The second model, which is too simple to …

Communicating In A Group, Jack C. Straton

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Student-centered learning requires teachers to provide students with opportunities to learn from and with each other, but most students come to group-work ill-equipped to handle the responsibility of cleanly communicating with each other. This paper provides one set of group-communication tools that helps students to become conscious molders of their own communication styles in relation to those of their peers.

Final Report: Evaluation Of The Morphoedaphic Index And Sediment Diatoms For Inference Of Pre-European Settlement Total Phosphorus Concentration In Epa Region 10 Lakes, Rich Miller, Aaron Hook, Richard Petersen, Mark D. Sytsma

Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations

Water quality in many Northwest lakes has declined over the past century due, in part, to increased anthropogenic nutrient loading (Edmonson and Lehman, 1981). Under the Clean Water Act, resource managers such as the Washington Department of Ecology, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, and tribes are responsible for restoring and protecting the integrity of these waters. Targets for restoration or criteria for impairment are not well defined, however, and may naturally vary by geology, hydrology, morphometry, and climate.

One way to determine whether lakes are impaired and to identify restoration targets is to assess lake reference conditions (EPA 2000). Reference …

Opal Creek: The Framing Of A Policy Controversy, James Floyd

Dissertations and Theses

The denouement of conflict is essential in the process of crafting public policy. The settlement of clashes over who get what, who pays, and who benefits is a critical component of a process described as decision making in the public interest. However, in some cases, the process results in unresolved controversy rather than the formulation of public policy. This may result from too little time being allocated to problem setting because of a rush to find problem solutions.

Conflict arises in public disputes due to a mixture of interests and values by multiple parties and the expression of divergent views …

A Tale Of Three Sisters: Reconstructing The Holocene Glacial History And Paleoclimate Record At Three Sisters Volcanoes, Oregon, United States, Shaun Andrew Marcott

Dissertations and Theses

At least four glacial stands occurred since 6.5 ka B.P. based on moraines located on the eastern flanks of the Three Sisters Volcanoes and the northern flanks of Broken Top Mountain in the Central Oregon Cascades. The youngest of these advances was the Little Ice Age (LIA) glaciation, which reached its maximum advance 150-200 yrs. B.P. and is defined by the large sharp crested and unvegetated moraines adjacent to the modern glaciers. In isolated locations less than 100 m downslope from these moraines, a second set of sparsely vegetated lateral moraines marks the Late-Neoglacial stand of the glaciers between 2.1 …

Street Trees In The Urban Forest Canopy: Portland, Oregon, Joseph Poracsky, David Banis

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

Attempts to identify the contribution of street trees to the overall urban forest of a city have been rare and lack consensus on how to measure that contribution – percentage of trees, percentage of canopy cover, or percentage of leaf area. The actual numeric values presented in the literature also vary over a broad range and often are based on estimates, extrapolations from aggregated data, or simply stated with no empirical data referenced. This study was undertaken to evaluate the contribution of street trees to canopy in Portland, Oregon. The study involved both visual and digital analysis of multi-band aerial …

Improving Time To Market Forecasts: A Comparison Of Two Technology Forecasting Techniques For Predicting U.S. Fighter Jet Introductions From 1944 To 1982, Lane Inman, Timothy R. Anderson, Robert R. Harmon

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Since its origin in 2001, technology forecasting using data envelopment analysis (TFDEA) has been tested with a number of applications. This paper uses a previously published technology forecast comparison of U.S. fighter jets between the years 1944 and 1982 to compare TFDEA to basic regression. Both techniques use aircraft introduced between 1944 and 1960 to predict the first flights of those fighters introduced between 1960 and 1982. TFDEA was found to better predict the first flight dates than the forecast using regression. These results indicate that TFDEA may be a powerful new technique for predicting complex technological trends and time …

Mathematics, Meaning, And Identity: A Study Of The Practice Of Mathematics Education In A Rural High School, Rick Anderson

Dissertations and Theses

The purposes of this study were (1) to explore the relationship between mathematics education and the rural context and (2) to determine the usefulness of a social theory of learning (Wenger, 1998) to account for students' participation in advanced high school mathematics courses. Qualitative methods were used to gather data in a small, rural high school in the Pacific Northwest. Data gathered included a student survey, interviews with students and mathematics teachers, observations in mathematics classes, and documents related to the curriculum, the school, and the community.

The findings suggest that high school mathematics education is related to the rural …

Lake Whatcom Water Quality Model, Chris Berger

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A water quality model of Lake Whatcom, Washington was developed as part of a Total Maximum Daily Load Study for the Washington Department of Ecology. Lake Whatcom is a large natural lake which is listed on the 1998 Washington State 303(d) list of waterbodies which do not meet the criterion for dissolved oxygen. Located next to the city of Bellingham, it is approximately 10 miles long and has a surface area of approximately 5000 acres and a maximum depth of over 100 meters. Eutrophication processes in the lake have been accelerated in recent years perhaps by the availability of nutrients …

The Case For Thoroughly Testing Complex System Dynamic Models, Wayne Wakeland, Megan Hoarfrost

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

In order to determine whether model testing is as useful as suggested by modeling experts, the full battery of model tests recommended by Forrester, Senge, Sterman, and others was applied retrospectively to a complex previously-published system dynamics model. The time required to carry out each type of test was captured, and the benefits that resulted from applying each test was determined subjectively. The resulting benefit to cost ratios are reported. These ratios suggest that rather than focusing primarily on sensitivity testing, modelers should consider other types of model tests such as extreme condition tests and family member tests. The study …

Upper Spokane River Model In Idaho: Boundary Conditions And Model Setup And Calibration For 2001 And 2004, Robert Leslie Annear, Scott A. Wells, Chris Berger

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

As a result of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) study of the Spokane River in Washington, a hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Spokane River was developed by Portland State University (PSU) for the Corps of Engineers and the Washington Department of Ecology from the Washington-Idaho state line to the outlet of Long Lake.

An earlier study of the Spokane River was undertaken by Limno-Tech (2001a, 2001b) for the domain shown in Figure 3. Limno-Tech used an earlier version of CE-QUAL-W2, Version 2, for the Reservoir portion of the Spokane River from Post Falls Dam to Coeur d’Alene …

Waldo Lake Research In 2004, Mark D. Sytsma, John Rueter, Richard Petersen, Roy Koch, Scott A. Wells, Michelle Wood, Yangdong Pan, Robert Leslie Annear, Aaron Hook, Laura Johnson, Rich Miller, Amanda Murphy, Terry Stoltz

Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations

The Willamette National Forest has worked with Portland State University, Center for Lakes and Reservoirs (PSU) and the University of Oregon (UO) to investigate ecosystem changes, provide guidance on long-term monitoring methods, assess monitoring data, develop predictive water quality models, and conduct research that will lead to better protection and understanding of the Waldo Lake ecosystem. This report summarizes the second year of collaborative PSU-UO research at Waldo Lake. Research has focused on understanding physical, chemical and biological characteristics of Waldo Lake across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Research tasks that continued from 2003 into 2004 included temperature …

2005 Commencement Program, Neal Keny-Guyer

Commencement Archives 2000-09

The program for the PSU Commencement ceremony on June 11, 2005.

Neal Keny-Guyer, CEO of Mercy Corps, delivered the commencement address and was awarded an honorary doctorate by PSU President Daniel Bernstine.

Visualizing Complexity : A Spatial Analysis Of Decorative Geometric Pattern In The Islamic World, 900-1400 Ad, Tracy Elizabeth Harrison

Dissertations and Theses

This study explores how the use of complex decorative geometric patterns in Islamic architecture spatially relates to advances in the fields of science and philosophy in the Islamic world between the ninth and fourteenth centuries. This project examines hypotheses developed by vario~s scholars on the forces that shaped the use of these patterns (known as the geometric mode) in Islamic architecture. The prevailing assumption that advances in mathematics contributed to the use of the geometric mode is used as a starting point for subsequent analysis.

For this study, two spatial databases were created. One contains over two hundred and twenty …

The Functions Of Centers And Institutes In Academic Biomedical Research, William T. Mallon, Sarah A. Bunton

Educational Leadership and Policy Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this Analysis in Brief, we report on the findings from a 2004 survey of directors of research centers and institutes located at research-intensive medical schools and their parent universities, who identified their unit’s primary mission as basic, clinical, or other type of research. While many assertions have been made about the functions that centers and institutes perform, or do not perform, our findings indicate that their missions and roles are varied, complex, and nuanced. The 604 research centers and institutes in the study conduct a variety of tasks. For the purposes of this analysis, we define “some effort” to …

Laurance Lake Temperature Model, Chris Berger, Scott A. Wells, Robert Leslie Annear

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Laurance Lake is a reservoir located in Hood River County, Oregon (Figure 1). It is located at the base on Mt. Hood in Oregon (see Figure 2 and Figure 3), discharges into the Middle Fork of the Hood River. The reservoir was constructed in 1968 for irrigation storage and has a capacity 3564 acre- feet at full pool. Since the river vio lates temperature standards, this study has been designed to construct a hydrodynamic and temperature model of Laurance reservoir in order to assess strategies for improving temperatures in the Middle Fork River.

The objectives of the study are then …

Observations At The Tidal Plume Front Of A High-Volume River Outflow, Philip M. Orton, David A. Jay

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present shipboard observations of very strong convergence, vertical velocities and mixing, and near-bed impacts associated with the leading-edge front of the tidally-pulsed Columbia River plume. With upwelling-favorable winds and riverflow of 4900 m³s⁻¹, the plume propagates as a buoyant gravity current with a rotary, bore-like vertical frontal circulation and downwelling as strong as 0.35 m s⁻¹. In waters as deep as 65 m, near-bed currents intensify to as much as 1.0 m s⁻¹ after frontal passage, and are often associated with elevated acoustic backscatter. Mixing is locally strong, with an eddy diffusivity …

Erratum: "Environmental Swap Energy And Role Of Configurational Entropy In Transfer Of Small Molecules From Water Into Alkanes", Pavel Smejtek, Robert Campbell Word

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Presents correction to an article related to configurational entropy in transfer of small molecules from water into alkanes, published in the 2005 issue of "The Journal Chemical Physics" and is available online at: http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/8364

Dynamic Matrix Composition In Engineered Cartilage With Stochastic Supplementation Of Growth Factors, Asit K. Saha, J. (Jagannath) Mazumdar, Sean S. Kohles

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Dynamic extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis is explored in a hypothesized engineered cartilage construct. Growth (α) and decay (β) rate parameters are developed from a previous engineered cartilage model. The presented mathematical model was constructed from the parameterized experimental data using a deterministic and stochastic examination of ECM synthesis based on a negative feedback control mechanism. A growth factor supplementation is incorporated in a probabilistic mathematical approach. The growth factor component modified an initial deterministic model through a Gaussian white noise fluctuation. As the primary constituents of ECM, the mathematical tool is intended to characterize the probable steady state distribution of …

Faculty Senate Monthly Packet May 2005, Portland State University Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Monthly Packets

The May 2005 Monthly packet includes the May agenda and appendices and the Faculty Senate minutes and attachments from the meeting held April 2005

When Scoundrels Rule: Review Of The Last Refuge: Patriotism, Politics, And The Environment In An Age Of Terror, By David W. Orr, Robert Costanza

Institute for Sustainable Solutions Publications and Presentations

Book Review of The Last Refuge: Patriotism, Politics, and the Environment in an Age of Terror. David W. Orr. Island Press, Washington, DC, 2004.

Uncertainty Assessment Of Hydrologic Model States And Parameters: Sequential Data Assimilation Using The Particle Filter, Hamid Moradkhani, Kuo-Lin Hsu, Hoshin V. Gupta, Soroosh Sorooshian

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Two elementary issues in contemporary Earth system science and engineering are (1) the specification of model parameter values which characterize a system and (2) the estimation of state variables which express the system dynamic. This paper explores a novel sequential hydrologic data assimilation approach for estimating model parameters and state variables using particle filters (PFs). PFs have their origin in Bayesian estimation. Methods for batch calibration, despite major recent advances, appear to lack the flexibility required to treat uncertainties in the current system as new information is received. Methods based on sequential Bayesian estimation seem better able to take advantage …

First Season Effects Of Managed Flooding On The Invasive Species Phalaris Arundinacea L. And Shoreline Vegetation Communities In An Urban Wetland, Noah John Jenkins

Dissertations and Theses

Recent management efforts in the Smith and Bybee Lakes Wildlife Area (SBL), a 700-ha preserve in north Portland, Oregon, have included using a water control structure to suppress invasive reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) by flooding during spring and early summer growth periods. For the first year of managed flooding, I sought to determine: (a) the extent and distribution of reed canarygrass at SBL; (b) the effectiveness of the change in water level at suppressing reed canarygrass; and ( c) the effects of the change in water level on other plant species.

I established 30 vegetation transects throughout SBL …

Reconstructability Analysis And Log-Linear Modeling, Martin Zwick

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Reconstructability Analysis (RA) is a method developed within the systems community for analyzing nominal (or discretized) data. RA both overlaps and extends Log-Linear (LL) modeling, and the purpose of this talk is to introduce RA to researchers unfamiliar with it. Two aspects of RA will be focused on: (1) its use for exploratory, as opposed to confirmatory, modeling – searching for good models in a vast space of possible models, and (2) state-based RA – analyzing data not in terms of relations among variables but in terms of relations among specific states of variables. Examples of applications to social science …

The Potential For Mitten Crab Colonization Of Estuaries On The West Coast Of North America, Erik Hanson, Mark Sytsma

Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations

Mitten crabs are invasive species that pose a risk to the aquatic environments of the Pacific Northwest and the economic and social activities that depend upon intact aquatic systems. The recent establishment of a large population in the San Francisco Bay and the potential for introductions from California, Asia and Europe pose a significant invasion potential for esturaires and rivers from Catifornia to Alaska.