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Four Decades Of Systems Science Teaching And Research At Psu, Wayne Wakeland

Systems Science Friday Noon Seminar Series

Systems science (SySc) is defined, and a brief background is provided regarding some of the systems science-related societies, conferences, journals, research institutes, and educational programs. The SySc program at Portland State University in Portland, OR, USA, is described in detail, including its history, curriculum, students, faculty, and degrees granted. Dissertation topics are summarized via word diagrams created from dissertation titles over the years. MS degrees, student placement, and undergraduate courses are also mentioned, and future plans for the program are described including its support for sustainability education.

Slm-Based Fourier Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy, Sahand Noorizadeh

Dissertations and Theses

Optical phase microscopy provides a view of objects that have minimal to no effect on the detected intensity of light that are unobservable by standard microscopy techniques. Since its inception just over 60 years ago that gave us a vision to an unseen world and earned Frits Zernike the Nobel prize in physics in 1953, phase microscopy has evolved to find various applications in biological cell imaging, crystallography, semiconductor failure analysis, and more. Two common and commercially available techniques are phase contrast and differential interference contrast (DIC). In phase contrast method, a large portion of the unscattered light that accounts …

Interseismic Locking On The Hikurangi Subduction Zone: Uncertainties From Slow-Slip Events, Robert Mccaffrey

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

lnterseismic locking on the Hikurangi subduction zone in New Zealand is examined in light of alternative assumed locking distributions and the impact of transients (slow-slip and volcanic sources) on temporal and spatial resolution. The modern pattern of locking in the north is poorly resolved and, based on simulations of possible transient behavior, may be an ephemeral feature of the subduction cycle. While there appears to be some contemporary locking in the northern half of the Hikurangi subduction zone (HSZ), its location is model dependent, and hence, its relationship to structure, slow-slip, or any transition zone there is unclear. Simulations of …

Translational Fidelity Of A Eukaryotic Glutaminyl-Trna Synthetase With An N-Terminal Domain Appendage, Aaron Bethea Rogers

Dissertations and Theses

Several Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant tRNA^Q2 species (glutamine isoacceptor, CUG anticodon) were synthesized and assayed for aminoacylation activity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. The derived steady state parameters were compared to similar datasets from the literature. The mutants behaved analogously to similar mutant species based on tRNA from Escherichia coli, but with slightly relaxed specificity as revealed by comparison of k_cat/K_M values relative to wild type in vitro transcribed tRNA. Additionally the eukaryotic N-terminal domain appendage, as found in Sce glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, is considered in light of the discovery of non-canonical aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase functions, including …

Open-Access Crystallography Database Administration: Preparation And Upload Of 400 Structures, Justin Shuck

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

Since 2004, Portland State's Nano-Crystallography Group has provided crystallographic resources including five interactive open-access databases (educational subset of the Crystallographic Open Database (COD), Crystal Morphology Database, Nano-Crystallography Database and Wiki Crystallography Database) as well as a mirror to the whole COD, which is the world's largest openaccess crystallography database (with currently over 235 thousand data entries of inorganic, organic, and metal-organic compounds as well as minerals). Before information can be stored inside of databases they must be put in Crystallographic Information Framework files (CIFs), the framework established by the International Union of Crystallography, and the worldwide standard for representing crystallographic …

Front Matter Volume 8, 2014, Mcnair Scholars Program

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

Front matter includes program background, Table of Contents, and a complete listing of 2014 Portland State McNair Scholars.

Computational Fluid Dynamics For Early Stage Architectural Design, Russell Wisniewski, Corey T. Griffin, Mark Stroller, Lona Rerick, Erika Colvin, Jeanne Jameson, Stephen Colin

Research-Based Design Initiative

This project set out to evaluate the validity and usefulness of CFD within the contemporary Design Practice. Initially attempting to analyze a specifi c design it became clear a more general study was needed. Analyzing natural ventilation is an infi nitely complex process, to determine the level of simplication required for use involved breaking the natural process down and analyzing the pieces seperately and then together. By using this process it become clear how the process can be used by architecture fi rms within their design process.

Evolutionary Modeling And Building Energy Efficiency: How Can Building Performance Evaluation Be Integrated Early Into An Ever-Accelerating Design Process?, Portland State University. School Of Architecture

Research-Based Design Initiative

With the increasing demand for energy efficient buildings, designers have begun to face a new challenge- how can performance evaluation be integrated into the ever-accelerating design process? The design and performance evaluation of a building are, in most cases, divorced. The designer will often have to halt, freeze the design, and wait for performance results to filter back. That gap between freezing the design and awaiting results can be weeks. In that time the design may have changed dramatically and the results made useless. In other instances, the final design is submitted to be evaluated, results are received, and critical, …

The Schools Our Students Deserve: A Statewide School Facilities Program For Oregon, Oregon School Capital Improvement Planning Task Force, Portland State University. Hatfield School Of Government. Center For Public Service

Center for Public Service Publications and Reports

This report begins with a review of the state of school facilities in Oregon and a summary of recent school bond successes and failures, followed by an overview of school capital funding policy since 2000. It includes a discussion of existing facilities financing options and two brief case studies showing that the availability of state subsidies and matching funds can influence local funding decisions. A brief summary of existing school facilities programs in Western states sets the stage for detailed presentation of the Task Force recommendations, funding formula, and proposed staffing for the Oregon School Facilities Program. The report concludes …

Hyperspectral Measurements Of Wet, Dry And Saline Soils From The Mcmurdo Dry Valleys: Soil Moisture Properties From Remote Sensing, Joseph S. Levy, Anne Nolin, Andrew G. Fountain, James W. Head

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Soil moisture is a spatially heterogeneous quantity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica that exerts a large influence on the biological community and on the thermal state of Dry Valleys permafrost. The goal of this project was to determine whether hyperspectral remote sensing techniques could be used to determine soil moisture conditions in the Dry Valleys. We measured the spectral reflectance factors of wetted soil samples from the Dry Valleys under natural light conditions and related diagnostic spectral features to surface layer soil moisture content. Diagnostic water absorption features in the spectra at 1.4 mu m and 1.9 mu …

Transients In The Synchronization Of Oscillator Arrays, Carlos E. Cantos, J. J. P. Veerman

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The purpose of this note is threefold. First we state a few conjectures that allow us to rigorously derive a theory which is asymptotic in N (the number of agents) that describes transients in large arrays of (identical) linear damped harmonic oscillators in R with completely decentralized nearest neighbor interaction. We then use the theory to establish that in a certain range of the parameters transients grow linearly in the number of agents (and faster outside that range). Finally, in the regime where this linear growth occurs we give the constant of proportionality as a function of the signal velocities …

Implementation Of A Sediment Transport Model For Ce-Qual-W2, Rachel Hanna

Civil and Environmental Engineering Master's Project Reports

The CE-QUAL-W2 model, developed by Portland State University, simulates water quality and flow. Recommendations to expand on this model and have it include sediment transport are implemented in this report. Existing one-, two-, and three-dimensional models are reviewed and assessed for their sediment transport methodology. A laterally (width) averaged sediment concentration model is developed as an Upwind Center Space Scheme using CE-QUAL-W2 data. The scheme includes a method to calculate scour for sediment concentration and results of the model are shown for a simulated branch of the Spokane River.

Choosing Effective Dates From Multiple Optima In Technology Forecasting Using Data Envelopment Analysis (Tfdea), Dong-Joon Lim, Timothy R. Anderson, Oliver Inman

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Technology Forecasting using Data Envelopment Analysis (TFDEA) provides an effective means to forecast technological capability over time without the burden of fixed a priori weighting schemes. However, there are situations where result reproduction can be a challenge as first pointed out in a previous Technological Forecasting and Social Change article. When using a commonly used extension of TFDEA, there are circumstances where multiple optimal solutions can complicate analysis. This paper addresses this issue through extending the TFDEA model in a manner consistent with common Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) techniques. The extension is then demonstrated using datasets from previous publications on …

Understanding Treatment Refusal Among Adults Presenting For Hiv-Testing In Soweto, South Africa: A Qualitative Study, Ingrid T. Katz, Janan Dietrich, Gugu Tshabalala, Thandekile Essien, Kathryn Rough, Alexi A. Wright, David Bangsberg, Glenda E. Gray, Norma C. Ware

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

HIV treatment initiatives have focused on increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). There is growing evidence, however, that treatment availability alone is insufficient to stop the epidemic. In South Africa, only one third of individuals living with HIV are actually on treatment. Treatment refusal has been identified as a phenomenon among people who are asymptomatic, however, factors driving refusal remain poorly understood. We interviewed 50 purposively sampled participants who presented for voluntary counseling and testing in Soweto to elicit a broad range of detailed perspectives on ART refusal. We then integrated our core findings into an explanatory framework. Participants described …

A Regression Approach For Estimation Of Anthropogenic Heat Flux Based On A Bottom-Up Air Pollutant Emission Database, Sanghyun Lee, Stuart A. Mckeen, David J. Sailor

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A statistical regression method is presented for estimating hourly anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) using an anthropogenic pollutant emission inventory for use in mesoscale meteorological and air-quality modeling. Based on bottom-up AHF estimated from detailed energy consumption data and anthropogenic pollutant emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) in the US National Emission Inventory year 2005 (NEI-2005), a robust regression relation between the AHF and the pollutant emissions is obtained for Houston. This relation is a combination of two power functions (Y = aX^b) relating CO and NO_x emissions to AHF, giving a determinant …

Gps Constraints On The Mw = 7.5 Ometepec Earthquake Sequence, Southern Mexico: Coseismic And Post-Seismic Deformation, Shannon E. Graham, Charles Demets, Enrique Cabral-Cano, Vladimir Kostoglodov, Andrea Walpersdorf, Nathalie Cotte, Michael Brudzinski, Robert Mccaffrey, Luis Salazar-Tlaczani

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

We use continuous GPS measurements from 31 stations in southernMexico to model coseismic slip and post-seismic deformation from the 2012 March 20 Mw = 7.5 Ometepec earthquake, the first large thrust earthquake to occur below central Mexico during the modern GPS era. Coseismic offsets ranging from ∼280 mm near the epicentre to 5 mm or less at sites far from the epicentre are fit best by a rupture focused between ∼15 and 35 km depth, consistent with an independent seismological estimate. The corresponding geodetic moment of 1.4 × 10²⁰ N·m is within 10 per cent of two independent seismic …

The Atmosphere Can Be A Source Of Certain Water Soluble Volatile Organic Compounds In Urban Streams, Scott J. Kenner, David A. Bender, James F. Pankow, John S. Zogorski

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Surface water and air volatile organic compound (VOC) data from 10 U. S. Geological Survey monitoring sites were used to evaluate the potential for direct transport of VOCs from the atmosphere to urban streams. Analytical results of 87 VOC compounds were screened by evaluating the occurrence and detection levels in both water and air, and equilibrium concentrations in water (C-w(s)) based on the measured air concentrations. Four compounds (acetone, methyl tertiary butyl ether, toluene, and m- & p-xylene) were detected in more than 20% of water samples, in more than 10% of air samples, and more than 10% of detections …

Evaluation Of A High School Science Fair Program For Promoting Successful Inquiry-Based Learning, Julia Nykeah Betts

Dissertations and Theses

The success of inquiry-based learning (IBL) in supporting science literacy can be challenged when students encounter obstacles in the absence of proper support. This research is intended to evaluate the effectiveness of an Oregon public school district's regional science fair coaching program in promoting inquiry skills and positive attitudes toward science in participating high school students. The purpose of this study was to better understand students' perception of program support, obstacles or barriers faced by students, and potential benefits of IBL facilitated by the science fair program. Data included responses to informal and semi-structured interviews, an anonymous survey, a Skills …

Integrating K-W-L Prompts Into Science Journal Writing: Can Simple Question Scaffolding Increase Student Content Knowledge?, Brandon Joel Wagner

Dissertations and Theses

Writing-to-learn strategies have been administered in the past to enrich student learning. The purpose of this study was to see if K-W-L prompts in science journal writing could benefit student content knowledge within biology. Two high school biology classes were provided with learning journals. The journals given to the students during the treatment unit were provided with K-W-L question prompts to guide student learning while during the comparison unit students were given an open ended writing assignment. Pre and posttests were administered to determine student-learning gains. Student motivations and opinions of the treatment were collected through student interviews. The combined …

Bicycle Level Of Service: Where Are The Gaps In Bicycle Flow Measures?, Pamela Christine Johnson

Dissertations and Theses

Bicycle use is increasing in many parts of the U.S. Local and regional governments have set ambitious bicycle mode share goals as part of their strategy to curb greenhouse gas emissions and relieve traffic congestion. In particular, Portland, Oregon has set a 25% mode share goal for 2030 (PBOT 2010). Currently bicycle mode share in Portland is 6.1% of all trips. Other cities and regional planning organizations are also setting ambitious bicycle mode share goals and increasing bicycle facilities and programs to encourage bicycling. Increases in bicycle mode share are being encouraged to increase. However, cities with higher-than-average bicycle mode …

Explorations Into The Psycholinguistic Validity Of Extended Collocations, J. Arianna Morgan

Dissertations and Theses

This study tests the hypothesis that frequency and collocational association make independent contributions to the processing time of English multiword collocational, phrases for L1 and L2 English speakers. The results suggest that these constructs do play a role in the processing of 4-word, corpus-extracted phrases. In this sample, L1 speakers demonstrated reduced processing time for both highly frequent and highly associated phrases, while L2 speakers demonstrated reduced processing time for highly frequent phrases. Evidence exists in the data that highly proficient L2 speakers may develop similar patterns of reduced processing time as L1 speakers. Additionally, some L1 speakers did not …

Positional Control Of Plasmonic Fields And Electron Emission, Robert Campbell Word, Joseph P. Fitzgerald, Rolf Könenkamp

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We report the positional control of plasmonic fields and electron emission in a continuous gap antenna structure of sub-micron size. We show experimentally that a nanoscale area of plasmon-enhanced electron emission can be motioned by changing the polarization of an exciting optical beam of 800 nm wavelength. Finite-difference calculations are presented to support the experiments and to show that the plasmon-enhanced electric field distribution of the antenna can be motioned precisely and predictively.

Vibrational Modes In Acoustic Gallery Scanning Probe Microscopy, Hsien-Chih Hung, Andres H. La Rosa, Rodolfo Fernandez, Bret Comnes, Richard Nordstrom

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

A distinct characteristic in Acoustic Gallery Scanning Probe Microscopy (AG-SPM) constitutes the use of its supporting structural frame as an acoustic resonant cavity for monitoring the nanometer-sized amplitude of its stylus-probe. Although very straightforward in its implementation, its amplitude detection sensitivity could be improved by a more thorough understanding of its working principle mechanism, as well as by a more systematic procedure to attain a closer matching between one of the cavitys acoustic resonances and the probes natural frequency. Herein, a description of the working principle of the AG-SPM is attempted from a vibrationalmode analysis perspective, and a successful specific …

Impacts Of Climate Change On The Seasonality Of Extremes In The Columbia River Basin, Mehmet Demirel, Hamid Moradkhani

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The impacts of climate change on the seasonality of extremes i.e. both high and low flows in the Columbia River basin were analyzed using three seasonality indices, namely the seasonality ratio (SR), weighted mean occurrence day (WMOD) and weighted persistence (WP). These indices reflect the streamflow regime, timing and variability in timing of extreme events respectively. The three indices were estimated from: (1) observed streamflow; (2) simulated streamflow by the VIC model using simulated inputs from ten combinations of bias corrected and downscaled CMIP5 inputs for the current climate (1979–2005); (3) simulated streamflow using simulated inputs from ten combinations of …

Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation And Organic Nitrate Yield From No3 Oxidation Of Biogenic Hydrocarbons, Juliane L. Fry, Danielle C. Draper, Kelley C. Barsanti, James N. Smith, John Ortega, Paul M. Winkler, Michael J. Lawler, Steven S. Brown, Peter M. Edwards, Ronald C. Cohen, Lance Lee

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields from NO3 oxidation of a series of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), consisting of five monoterpenes and one sesquiterpene (α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ-3-carene, limonene, sabinene, and β-caryophyllene), were investigated in a series of continuous flow experiments in a 10 m3 indoor Teflon chamber. By making in situ measurements of the nitrate radical and employing a kinetics box model, we generate time-dependent yield curves as a function of reacted BVOC. SOA yields varied dramatically among the different BVOCs, from zero for α-pinene to 38−65% for Δ-3-carene and 86% for β-caryophyllene at mass loading of 10 …

Delayed Switch Of Antiretroviral Therapy After Virologic Failure Associated With Elevated Mortality Among Hiv-Infected Adults In Africa, Maya L. Petersen, Linh Tran, Elvin H. Geng, Steven J. Reynolds, Andrew Kambugu, Robin Wood, David Bangsberg, Constantin T. Yiannoutsos, Steven G. Deeks, Jeffrey N. Martin

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective—Routine monitoring of plasma HIV RNA among HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is unavailable in many resource-limited settings. Alternative monitoring approaches correlate poorly with virologic failure and can substantially delay switch to second-line therapy. We evaluated the impact of delayed switch on mortality among patients with virologic failure in Africa.

Design—A cohort.

Methods—We examined patients with confirmed virologic failure on first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens from four cohorts with serial HIV RNA monitoring in Uganda and South Africa. Marginal structural models aimed to estimate the effect of delayed switch on mortality in a hypothetical trial in which …

How Will Climate Change And Bioenergy Harvest Affect Carbon Storage In The Oregon Coast Range, Megan K. Creutzburg, Robert M. Scheller, Melissa S. Lucash, Stephen D. Leduc, Louisa B. Evers, Mark G. Johnson

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

This poster shows how the researchers used a simulation model to explore the impacts of varying scenarios of climate change and forest management on the ecosystem carbon.

The Effect Of Multi-Model Averaging Of Climate Model Outputs On The Seasonality Of Rainfall Over The Columbia River Basin, Mehmet Demirel, Arun Rana, Hamid Moradkhani

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The rainfall seasonality index is the measure of precipitation distribution throughout the seasonal cycle. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of different multi-model averaging methods on the rainfall seasonality index at each 1/16 latitude-longitude cells covering the Columbia River Basin. In accordance with the same, ten different climate model outputs are selected from 45 available climate models from CMIP5 dataset. The reanalysis precipitation data is used to estimate the errors in rainfall seasonality for the climate model outputs. The inverse variance method and statistical multi criteria analysis (SMCA) method were used to estimate the weights for …

3d Systems' Technology Overview And New Applications In Manufacturing, Engineering, Science, And Education, Trevor Snyder, Mike Andrews, Mark M. Weislogel, Peter Moeck, Jennifer Stone-Sundberg, Derek Birkes, Madeline Paige Hoffert, Adam Lindeman, Jeff Morrill, Ondrej Fercak, Sasha Friedman, Jeff Gunderson, Anh Ha, Jack Mccollister, Yongkang Chen, John T. Geile, Andrew Paul Wollman, Babek Attari, Nathan Botnen, Vasant Vuppuluri, Jennifer Shim, Werner Kaminsky, Dustin Adams, John Graft

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Since the inception of 3D printing, an evolutionary process has taken place in which specific user and customer needs have crossed paths with the capabilities of a growing number of machines to create value-added businesses. Even today, over 30 years later, the growth of 3D printing and its utilization for the good of society is often limited by the various users' understanding of the technology for their specific needs. This article presents an overview of current 3D printing technologies and shows numerous examples from a multitude of fields from manufacturing to education.

Formalization Of Matrix Theory In Hol4, Zhiping Shi, Yan Zhang, Zhenke Liu, Xinan Kang, Yong Guan, Jie Zhang, Xiaoyu Song

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Matrix theory plays an important role in modeling linear systems in engineering and science. To model and analyze the intricate behavior of complex systems, it is imperative to formalize matrix theory in a metalogic setting. This paper presents the higherorder logic (HOL) formalization of the vector space and matrix theory in the HOL4 theorem proving system. Formalized theories include formal definitions of real vectors and matrices, algebraic properties, and determinants, which are verified in HOL4. Two case studies, modeling and verifying composite two-port networks and state transfer equations, are presented to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of our work.