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Antigen Discovery For The Identification Of Vaccine Candidates And Biomarkers Using A T Cell Driven Approach In Combination With Positional Scanning Peptide Libraries, Valeria A. Judkowski, Radleigh Santos, Gonzalo R. Acevedo, Marc Giulianotti, Jon R. Appel, Silvia A. Longhi, Karina A. Gomez, Clemencia Pinilla May 2015

Antigen Discovery For The Identification Of Vaccine Candidates And Biomarkers Using A T Cell Driven Approach In Combination With Positional Scanning Peptide Libraries, Valeria A. Judkowski, Radleigh Santos, Gonzalo R. Acevedo, Marc Giulianotti, Jon R. Appel, Silvia A. Longhi, Karina A. Gomez, Clemencia Pinilla

Mathematics Faculty Articles

The prevention and treatment of infectious diseases is highly dependent on the availability of reliable diagnostic tests and protective or therapeutic vaccines. There also exists an urgent need to develop reliable biomarkers to monitor treatment success and to predict disease progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic disease in several disease scenarios. The elucidation of the disease-relevant antigens that elicit the protective immune responses is critical and required for the development of biomarkers, diagnostics, and vaccines. However; one of the main obstacles to the study of antigen specificity in human T cells is their low frequency in PBMC samples. To overcome this …

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A Novel Assay To Screen Drugs That Target Bacterial Type Iii Secretion Systems, Poorandai Sanicharran, Joanna Theodorou Apr 2015

A Novel Assay To Screen Drugs That Target Bacterial Type Iii Secretion Systems, Poorandai Sanicharran, Joanna Theodorou

Undergraduate Student Symposium

In recent years antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria have increasingly become a problem and pose a global threat. Several problematic bacteria utilize a type III secretion system (T3SS) to infect their host. T3SSs are needle-like appendages on the bacteria used to inject the host cell with toxins which disrupts the cell's defense. Hence, the T3SS would be agood target for a novel antibiotic drug. The goal of this study is to develop an assay to screen for compounds that inhibit bacterial T3SSs. Y. enterocolitica uses a T3SS to cause gastroenteritis and will be utilized as the test organism. A disc …

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Agricom: A Soil Nutrient Additive And Its Effect On Soil Microbial Growth And Tomato Plants, Lisa Marie Pace Apr 2015

Agricom: A Soil Nutrient Additive And Its Effect On Soil Microbial Growth And Tomato Plants, Lisa Marie Pace

Undergraduate Student Symposium

The purpose of these experiments was to assess the efficacy of a novel nutrient stimulant in enhancing the growth of plants in the absence of fertilizer. Agricom is a natural mixture that works to increase the nitrogen fixation capabilities of the bacteria in the soil, thus aiding in the growth of the plants. Prior to working with the plants, the growth of the soil bacteria, in the presence of Agricom, was tested using respirometry. Agricom produced a significant positive effect on the overall growth rate of the soil bacteria that had been treated. Next, a series of four different groups …

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An Algebro-Geometric Approach To Reverse Engineering The Lac Operon In E. Coli, Priscila Reyes, Ly Nguyen Apr 2015

An Algebro-Geometric Approach To Reverse Engineering The Lac Operon In E. Coli, Priscila Reyes, Ly Nguyen

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Discrete modeling of biological mechanisms such as the lac operon is crucial in giving us a thorough understanding of their function and the related control mechanisms. This, in turn, provides us with a deeper insight into the organisms that employ these biological mechanisms as a whole. In this work, we utilize certain techniques from algebraic geometry, such as Gröbner basis, to attain a polynomial representation of the lac operon in E. coli based on its required catalysts and environmental conditions. First, we construct a Boolean network and wiring diagram of the lac operon system in order to predict the status …

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An Unusual Meeting, Alessandra Sironi Apr 2015

An Unusual Meeting, Alessandra Sironi

Undergraduate Student Symposium

“An Unusual Meeting” is a short film about two strangers who happen to be living the same lifestyle. These two characters have a similar routine every morning; they wake up, stretch, brush their teeth, make coffee, read magazines, navigate the internet, and drink the same brand of coffee, “Café Bustelo.” The two characters live near each other, and they meet while shopping for coffee at the grocery store. The universe and the coincidence of being coffee-holics leads them to fall in love at first sight. The film is directed by Alessandra Sironi. Andres Martinez Paz serves as the principal actor …

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Antibacterial Of Natural Plant Extracts And Synthetic Compounds, Joanna Theodorou, Poorandai Sanicharran Apr 2015

Antibacterial Of Natural Plant Extracts And Synthetic Compounds, Joanna Theodorou, Poorandai Sanicharran

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Due to the growing problem of antibiotic resistant pathogens, development of new antimicrobials is a necessity. Biologically active plant extracts have the potential to combat the detrimental effects of pathogens without the risks sometimes associated with synthetic drugs. However, synthetic drugs have the benefit of having antibacterial activity and being well characterized. Mixing a natural plant extract with a synthetic compound could be an extremely beneficial and potent antibiotic. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of various classes of plants and synthetic compounds (2-Oxindole derivatives) against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial activity of …

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Attitudes Of Rural Ecuadorians Toward Conservation Of Species And Environmental Education, Amanda Craig Apr 2015

Attitudes Of Rural Ecuadorians Toward Conservation Of Species And Environmental Education, Amanda Craig

Undergraduate Student Symposium

The exploration of people's attitudes in regard to other animal species with whom they co-exist in a shared ecosystem is a key element necessary for the improvement of local and regional conservation initiatives. In Ecuador, species such as the jaguar (Panthera Onca) require vast ranges of tropical rain forest and stretches of riverbank in order to survive in the wild. Increasing numbers of people share the forest with jaguars and other species. Habitat destruction and conversion, hunting and the potential lack of knowledge regarding the species’ ecological role continue to influence the conservation efforts of these threatened large …

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Can Affordable Housing Stimulate The Fort Lauderdale Economy?, Andrew Socarras Apr 2015

Can Affordable Housing Stimulate The Fort Lauderdale Economy?, Andrew Socarras

Undergraduate Student Symposium

The purpose of this research is to determine whether or not affordable housing can have a positive impact on the Fort Lauderdale economy and, if possible, to identify the methods on how to extract the most profitable outcomes for society. Many times, affordable housing is managed improperly and after only a matter of years is regarded by locals as the “projects” or “ghetto.” As a result, the neighborhoods that encompass these developments depreciate in value, impairing the local economy.

Fort Lauderdale has experienced a grown spurt within the past 5 years and is continuing to grow at a steady pace …

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Correlation Of Nutrient Contamination With Rainfall In The Everglades, Belen Perez Apr 2015

Correlation Of Nutrient Contamination With Rainfall In The Everglades, Belen Perez

Undergraduate Student Symposium

In this study, we investigated the correlation between concentrations of nutrient contaminants and rainfall in the inflow and outflow from engineered wetlands in the Everglades. These engineered wetlands, referred to as Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs), are designed to remove phosphate (PO4) from water in the Miami Canal and North New River Canal.

Methods: Quality and quantity of water entering (inflow) and leaving (outflow) STAs are monitored by South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and stored in the publicly accessible DBHYDRO database. DBHYDRO water quality data from one inflow monitor (G370) and two outflow monitors (G376B and G376E) at STA3/4 were …

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D.A.R.K., Lauren Mcgarrett Apr 2015

D.A.R.K., Lauren Mcgarrett

Undergraduate Student Symposium

“D.A.R.K.” is a silent, avant-garde short film that highlights the very possible, and commonly unseen, repercussions of our day-to-day positive interactions with others, or lack thereof. The smallest act of kindness often makes the largest difference. The film is directed by Lauren McGarrett.

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Determining The Binding Of Phycocyanin To The Lncap Prostate Cancer Cells By Fluorescence Microscopy, Shona Joseph, Syed Hussain Apr 2015

Determining The Binding Of Phycocyanin To The Lncap Prostate Cancer Cells By Fluorescence Microscopy, Shona Joseph, Syed Hussain

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Phycocyanin (C-PC) is a natural pigment found in blue-green algae known as Spirulina. Since it has antiinflammatory properties, it was speculated that it might also be effective in treating cancers. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to see whether C-PC would bind to the receptors on the cell membrane of cancer cells or penetrate the cell. Furthermore, the study was conducted to see whether the C-PC was able to bind to the membrane receptors with high or low affinity. For our binding and uptake experiments, LNCaP cells were used. After incubating with C-PC, the cells underwent multiple …

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Don't Think It, Don't Do It: Controlling Executive Control, Karissa Delorme, Hannah Dean Apr 2015

Don't Think It, Don't Do It: Controlling Executive Control, Karissa Delorme, Hannah Dean

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Self-control involves the ability to control immediate impulses and desires. According to the ego depletion model, self-control is a limited resource. Many studies have found that participants who perform a selfcontrol task show impaired performance on subsequent executive control tasks, such as those measuring working memory and attention. In this study, we hypothesized that individuals who perform a self-control task would subsequently demonstrate poorer inhibitory control as measured in a Stroop and stop signal task. Participants were first given instructions to list their daily activities for five minutes as they either attempted to not think about a white bear (self-control …

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Dsc And Tga Analysis On 3-Flowable Dental-Light Cured Restorative Composite, Samon Nazemian Apr 2015

Dsc And Tga Analysis On 3-Flowable Dental-Light Cured Restorative Composite, Samon Nazemian

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Since their introduction in 1996, dental-light cured flowable composites have been used as restorative materials for filling and repairing minimally invasive cavities. They are commonly used because they are insoluble, aesthetic, insensitive to dehydration, easy to manipulate, and reasonably inexpensive. Various brands advertise multiple advantages and are comprised differently. One property prior flowable composites exhibited was a significant polymerization shrinkage, which makes it unsuitable for occlusal wear. In this project, we analyzed the marginal shrinkage and stability of three different types of composites: CLEARFIL MAJESTY ES Flow, Genesis Flowable Light Cure Composite, and GrandioSO Heavy Flow. The composites were cured …

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Dynamic Regulation Of Toxic Engineered Bacteria Prevents Learning In The Model Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans, Olena Bracho, Cyril Manchery Apr 2015

Dynamic Regulation Of Toxic Engineered Bacteria Prevents Learning In The Model Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans, Olena Bracho, Cyril Manchery

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Infections due to parasitic nematodes result in nearly 125,000 deaths annually. Strikingly, this rate remains nearly unchanged in the past 50 years likely owing to the fact that treatment options are either inefficient or inaccessible. Prior to infecting humans, most parasitic nematodes begin as larvae where they feed nearly exclusively on bacteria. This unique property may offer an opportunity to develop new biological control agents with the use of synthetic biology. Recently, we have engineered a bacterium, consisting of an attraction module and toxin module that lures in and kills nematodes, respectively, using the principles of synthetic biology to act …

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Effects Of Functional Pattern Training On Hip And Knee Kinematics In Healthy Runners, Justin Romanes Apr 2015

Effects Of Functional Pattern Training On Hip And Knee Kinematics In Healthy Runners, Justin Romanes

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Faulty running biomechanics such as excessive hip internal rotation and knee valgus have been linked to overuse injuries in runners. Therapy interventions such as hip strengthening and mirrored gait retraining produce inconsistent results. The role of movement pattern training, predicated on Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS) performance has yet to be investigated. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of 6 weeks of functional pattern training on hip and knee kinematics in healthy, competitive runners with low FMS scores. 9 healthy adults [(males, n=6; age, 24.3±8.1 yrs; height, 1.78±0.09m; mass, 68.4±9.3kg)(females, n=3; age, 31±15.6 yrs; height, 1.70±0.06m; mass, …

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Exhausted From Decision Fatigue: Do Personality Differences Influence Decision Making?, Basmatee Manohar Apr 2015

Exhausted From Decision Fatigue: Do Personality Differences Influence Decision Making?, Basmatee Manohar

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Making lots of decisions can result in what is known as decision fatigue. As past research has indicated, decision fatigue happens after contemplating choices while making decisions; this ultimately inhibits our ability to self-regulate and follow through on undesirable tasks. However, there is limited research that shows how the number of decisions people make impacts self-control. In this study, participants either rated how appealing food images looked or made a choice between two food images; the number of ratings/choices was either 10 or 30. Participants then engaged in the self-regulatory task of solving a difficult riddle. We hypothesized that participants …

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Hangings And Body Snatchings: The Exploitation Of Humans In 18th Century London In The Name Of Medicine, Chanice Allen Apr 2015

Hangings And Body Snatchings: The Exploitation Of Humans In 18th Century London In The Name Of Medicine, Chanice Allen

Undergraduate Student Symposium

This project is an exploration into the cultural and sociological intricacies of 18th century London that allowed for and even necessitated the practice of the procurement of human bodies via public execution, grave robbing, and murder in the name of medicine. This uncommon glance at medicine examines aspects such as economic benefits of the black market activities of body purchasing and grave robbing by the medical profession, how the social hierarchy (and, inherently, religion) of pre-modern London played into corpse selection, and the juxtaposition of the attainment of corpses by medical professionals to the regulation of social order. This …

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Hawaiian Monk Seals: Record Of Environmental Influence In An Endangered Species, Courtney Cenkner, Krista Colburn, Samantha Mcnear Apr 2015

Hawaiian Monk Seals: Record Of Environmental Influence In An Endangered Species, Courtney Cenkner, Krista Colburn, Samantha Mcnear

Undergraduate Student Symposium

The Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schaundslani) is one of the most endangered species on the planet, largely due to environmental and anthropogenic influences. Analysis of the animals' tooth and bone complexes allows us to ascertain critical information regarding changes to their habitats and the effects on the animals. Tooth and bone samples from 240 naturally deceased Hawaiian monk seals were collected from the Northwest Hawaiian Island chain (NWHI) and Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). Stable carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotope rations (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, respectively) provide a record of dietary and environmental change, …

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Hypoxia Inducible Factor Mediated Human Angiotensinogen Gene Regulation, Nida Rizvi Apr 2015

Hypoxia Inducible Factor Mediated Human Angiotensinogen Gene Regulation, Nida Rizvi

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Alcohol usage is linked to increased blood pressure and fibrotic transformation of the liver. Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the source of Ang II which regulates blood pressure and participates in fibrotic transformation of the liver after the hepatocyte death. Ang II is produced from AGT by sequential action of renin followed by angiotensin converting enzyme. The levels of AGT are less than the MichaelisMenten constant of renin. Therefore, an increase in blood AGT levels would result into corresponding increase in Ang II levels that might affect blood pressure regulation and liver fibrogenic processes.

Alcohol metabolism by the liver produces oxidative stress …

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Invegstigating The Causes Of Antibiotic Resistance In A Periodic Environment, Haley Mckissack, Uzair Mohammed, Kyle Cahill, Steven Thomas Apr 2015

Invegstigating The Causes Of Antibiotic Resistance In A Periodic Environment, Haley Mckissack, Uzair Mohammed, Kyle Cahill, Steven Thomas

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Misuse of antibiotics, coupled with a lack of new antibiotics being discovered, has threatened our ability to treat bacterial infections. Confounding our ability to effectively combat antibiotic resistance is the myriad of ways in which bacteria can resist antibiotic treatment. One mechanism is the inoculum effect, a phenomenon in which the inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic increases with initial cell density. Previously acquired data has indicated a mutation exclusive mechanism by which resistance arises. However, it is currently unknown as to whether or not the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria due to spontaneous mutation plays a role in the inoculum …

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Induction Of Apoptosis By Jfd-Ws In Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Xenograft Implanted Athymic Nude Mice, Janelle Alvarez, Meera Bhalani, Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai Ph.D., Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani Ph.D., Appu Rathinavelu Ph.D. Apr 2015

Induction Of Apoptosis By Jfd-Ws In Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Xenograft Implanted Athymic Nude Mice, Janelle Alvarez, Meera Bhalani, Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai Ph.D., Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani Ph.D., Appu Rathinavelu Ph.D.

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) can be stimulated when a cell has reached its pre-determined lifespan. The intrinsic pathway is typically activated for cell cycle regulation, thus preventing tumor formation. Bcl-2 family proteins can play a pro or anti-apoptotic role by regulating the expression levels and modes of action of other proteins such as caspases, which cleave cell parts until the cell is no longer functional. Many studies are focusing on proteins that regulate the apoptotic pathway, as anomalies may lead to tumor formation. The purpose of this study was to assess effects of a novel water-soluble cancer drug, known as …

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Modeling And Simulation Of Caenorhabditis Elegans Chemotaxis In Response To A Dynamic Engineered Bacteria, Divya Pandya Apr 2015

Modeling And Simulation Of Caenorhabditis Elegans Chemotaxis In Response To A Dynamic Engineered Bacteria, Divya Pandya

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Parasitic helminthes remain important causative agents of human, plant and animal diseases. Helminthes seek out food sources and navigate toward potential hosts using olfaction of simple chemical cues, a process called chemoattraction. While several studies have examined how nematodes, including Caenorhabditis elegans, behave in response to a chemoattractant, how the characteristics of the chemoattractant affect worm behavior has yet to explored. In this manuscript, we develop a mathematical model to examine how characteristics of common chemoattractants affect movement and behavior in the model nematode C. elegans. Specifically, we model a scenario where a toxic, engineered bacteria designed to …

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Nova Southeastern University's Participation In Many Labs 3: Evaluating Participant Pool Characteristics Across The Semester Via Replication, Guy Merus, Andrea Moran, Boglarka Varga, Stephanie Ponce, Idania Elizabeth Cater, Alexis Murphy Apr 2015

Nova Southeastern University's Participation In Many Labs 3: Evaluating Participant Pool Characteristics Across The Semester Via Replication, Guy Merus, Andrea Moran, Boglarka Varga, Stephanie Ponce, Idania Elizabeth Cater, Alexis Murphy

Undergraduate Student Symposium

A crowdsourced project from 23 university participant pools, including NSU (total N = 2,696; NSU N = 131), examined variation in 10 well known psychological findings and 8 individual difference measures over the course of the academic semester. Undergraduate psychology participant pools serve as a major resource for behavioral research studies. Many researchers have hypothesized that the traits and attentiveness of student research participants vary across an academic term (e.g., students who participate later in the semester may be lower in conscientiousness and higher in openness to experience). However, there is very little systematic evidence regarding the magnitude of such …

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Osteogenic Differentiation Of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Stem Cells In A 3-Dimensional (3-D) Hydrogel, Anastasia Talalenko, Kevin Petersen Apr 2015

Osteogenic Differentiation Of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Stem Cells In A 3-Dimensional (3-D) Hydrogel, Anastasia Talalenko, Kevin Petersen

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Introduction: Bone Regeneration in craniofacial region due to traumatic injuries and congenital defects is a major clinical problem. Cleft palate is the second most common congenital defect. Our long-term goal is to regenerate bone in the palatal region using tissue-engineering approaches. Bone tissue engineering utilizes osteogenic cells, osteoconductive scaffolds and osteoinductive signals. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord (HUMSCs) are highly proliferative with the ability to differentiate into osteogenic precursor cells. Objective: The primary objective of the study was to encapsulate HUMSCs in PuraMatrix™ (PM), a peptide hydrogel, and investigate their survival and osteogenic differentiation. PM is an …

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Post-Exercise Ice Bath (10 Degrees Celsius) And Athlete Recovery, Sierra Lelii Apr 2015

Post-Exercise Ice Bath (10 Degrees Celsius) And Athlete Recovery, Sierra Lelii

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Coaching professionals implement post-workout ice baths with athletes; however, minimal research exists demonstrating the effectiveness of these practices on athletic performance and recovery. Purpose: To assess the effects of a post-workout ice bath on recovery. Methods: Ten athletic subjects (18-24 yrs; 171.5±11.2 cm.; 68.1±14.9 kg; 23.0±3.5 BMI) were tested for flexibility (sit-and-reach), power (vertical jump), strength (squat), agility (5-10-5), speed (10-m) and pain perception (scale). Following performance measures, each athlete completed a damaging eccentric plyometric protocol. Athletes were randomly assigned into a post-workout ice bath group (ICE), which took a 15 minute ice bath (10° C) following exercise protocol; or …

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Posture And Cognition, Jana Mrkaja Apr 2015

Posture And Cognition, Jana Mrkaja

Undergraduate Student Symposium

This experiment examined how priming and posture influence attention. Previous experiments have shown that different body postures can influence cognitive focus and task performance. For instance, participants adopting an unfocused posture were slower at performing a visual search task (Chisholm, Risko, Evan, & Kingstone, 2013). However, this could be due to the effects of priming on attention (Bargn, Chen, & Burrows, 1996). In the current experiment, participants adopted either a focused leaning, forward upright or an unfocused, back slouched posture. Furthermore, participants were either primed or not primed by indicting that the posture will either increase or decrease their attentional …

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Spatial Analysis Of Uniform Crime Reports, Crime Clearance Rates, And Office Entry-Level Salaries, Laraysa Nugent Apr 2015

Spatial Analysis Of Uniform Crime Reports, Crime Clearance Rates, And Office Entry-Level Salaries, Laraysa Nugent

Undergraduate Student Symposium

The purpose of this project is to apply environmental criminology theories to spatially examine the distribution of 2013 Part 1 Uniform Crime Report (UCR) offenses and Crime Clearance Rates (CCRs) by Florida judicial circuits (n=20). The goal is to identify judicial circuits with the highest and lowest CCRs; and present a spatial analysis that visually represents statistically significant judicial circuits for the criminal offenses of murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle thefts. Additionally, the current study identifies and analyzes cities (n=30) within the 11 th judicial circuit (Miami-Dade county) because it had the lowest CCR; …

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Spiritual And Supernatural Elements Of English Theatre (1550-1612), Mariah Busk Apr 2015

Spiritual And Supernatural Elements Of English Theatre (1550-1612), Mariah Busk

Undergraduate Student Symposium

In “Spiritual and Supernatural Elements of English Theatre (1550-1612)”, I use four plays to examine the secularization of supernatural elements of English theatre during the High Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. My research shows that in Everyman (c.1500) by Anonymous, The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus (c. 1588) by Christopher Marlowe, Hamlet (c. 1600) by William Shakespeare, and The White Devil (c.1612) by John Webster good and evil characters digress from being religious, spiritual figures to being humanized representations of these figures. Corresponding to this secularization is the loss of a God-like figure and a more common use …

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Study On The Effects Of Tulsi On Lncap Cells And The Mechanism Used To Induce Apoptosis, Omar Garcia, Omar Viqar Apr 2015

Study On The Effects Of Tulsi On Lncap Cells And The Mechanism Used To Induce Apoptosis, Omar Garcia, Omar Viqar

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Homeostasis is a major property that entails the regulation of internal conditions to maintain stability in the human body. A key aspect of regulation is the removal of unwanted cells. Critical diseases such as cancer may occur due to excess cell proliferation. Inducing apoptosis can be a significant method of treating cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of apoptosis can be advantageous towards combating diseases in which cells are unnecessarily proliferating. Tulsi (Holy Basil) is a plant that has shown many therapeutic properties. Furthermore, it has shown to contain significant antitumor agents. Analyzing the level of expression of proteins when cancer cells …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Oxindole Derivatives, Armando Perez, Kaitlyn Pope, Palina Woodhouse Apr 2015

Synthesis And Characterization Of Oxindole Derivatives, Armando Perez, Kaitlyn Pope, Palina Woodhouse

Undergraduate Student Symposium

Uncaria Tomentosa (Cat’s Claw), a plant well known to yield potent antibacterial compounds that contain Indolin-2-one (2-oxindole) as the common moiety has instigated the medicinal chemists to develop broad spectrum antibiotics. Researchers around the world have focused on methodical modification at several key locations of this molecule with the intent of studying the biological activities. In that line, this research focuses on the synthesis of Knoevenagel adducts at the carbon -3. We have synthesized over twenty five analogues starting from Indolin-2-one and substituted aryl aldehydes by condensation reaction in basic ethanolic medium. Reaction conditions needed to be tuned to improve …

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