Digital Commons Network^™

X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopic Analysis Of Coal Ash, George Patrick Watson

Theses

Several coal ashes and prepared mixtures were analyzed by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Various techniques were studied to determine the most reliable procedure for quantitatively estimating, from fluorescent peak intensities, the concentrations of seven major oxides typically present in the ash. These ashes were analyzed with only minimal sample preparation. In order to determine the self-consistency of the procedure, several mixtures of known composition were prepared containing the major elements present in an ash.

Because of inter-element absorption and enhancement effects, several computational techniques were used to calculate composition from spectrum peak intensities. The method that yielded the most accurate estimates …

Mixing Effect On Chemical Reaction In Liquid Phase, Ming-Teh Hsu

Dissertations

Mathematical models for the mixing phenomenon are proposed in this study. First model deals Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid without chemical reaction. The new terminology " degree of mixing " is define in this model for the time-dependency of mixing toward its completeness. The velocity profile and boundary conditions are given, then the degree of mixing can be calculated by the mathematical model. The degree of mixing is influenced by fluid motion and it is function of time.

Second model deals with first-order reaction effected by mixing. A mean fractional conversion is defined to investigate the rate of bhemical reaction. Results …

Simulation Of Particle Size Distribution In Continuous Emulsion Polymerization Through A Modified Population Balance Approach, Ying-Yuh Lu

Theses

A detailed mathematical model for particle size distribution in continuous emulsion polymerization of styrene and vinyl acetate is proposed on the basis of the population balance in the presence of several kinetic and mass transfer processes. This study is limited to the Smith-Ewart case II, which assumes instantaneous free radical termination within polymer particles. Radical desorption mechanism from polymer particles is included in the model and the desorption rate is formulated from the diffusion theory which suggests that the rate coefficient should be inversely proportional to the surface area of polymer particles.

Mathematical Modeling Of Unsteady State Photo-Polymerization, Rong-Fa Liang

Dissertations

Mathematical modeling of unsteady state photopolymerization in an isothermal batch reactor has been investigated. An analytical solution of the distribution of active polymers as a function of reaction time has been determined. It is verified that the quasi-stationary state approximation is valid in the photopolymerization process.

The free radical polymerization of styrene is forced periodically by on-off UV light regulation to the reactor. The effect of operating condition, the ratio of light-off period to light on/off period, on the polydispersity and molecular weight distribution are theoretically and numerically investigated. Significant broadening on molecular weight distribution can be obtained during the …

The Effects Of Pressure On The Kinetics And Mechanisms Of The Bod Reaction, Peter Sereico

Dissertations

The research was concerned with the kinetics and mechanisms of BOD reduction due to pressurization. The initial investigations involved attempts to reproduce and interpret the results of previous investigators. Thereafter, actual wastewater samples were pressurized and changes in the wastewater characteristics were analyzed and recorded. Based on the findings, possible mechanisms for creating the changes noted were proposed.

To test the mechanisms considered, samples of pure compounds were prepared and pressurized. The results of this analysis eliminated all of the mechanisms but the actual one. The mechanism responsible for changes in BOD profile under pressure conditions is the hydrolysis of …

1984 Nucleus, New Jersey Institute Of Technology

Yearbooks

This is a digitized, downloadable version of the Newark College of Engineering Nucleus.

Mathematical Modeling Of Distillation Operation From Non-Equilibrium Approach, Wen-Dow Pan

Dissertations

A new method for mathematical modeling of a distillation operation from non-equilibrium approach has been studied. The primary purpose of the study was to develop a model to simulate the mechanism of mass transfer between a continuous phase and the bubbles of a dispersed phase in a distillation column. The second major purpose of this work was to utilize and test the model of estimating the tray efficiency.

Distillation was considered to be purely a mass transfer process, where the less volatile component is transferred from vapor to liquid phase, and the more volatile component from liquid to vapor phase. …

Use Of An Optical Probe To Measure Bubble Characteristics In Gas Fluidized Beds, Thomas Tai-Pai Chu

Dissertations

A novel optical probe has been developed and used for on-line monitoring of the bubble characteristics in a three-dimensional gas fluidized bed. The probe sensor has a major dimension of 1.8 cm, and contains an LED and a photo-cell separated by a gap of 2.5 mm. Coupled with a non-inverting comparator circuit with hysteresis as a noise filter, the probe has been very effective in characterizing the size distribution, shape and velocity of gas bubbles.

A 96 liter rectangular fluidized bed was used, containing glass beads with a size fraction of 355μ to 250μ. Air was the fluidizing medium, with …

Computer Based Instrumentation System For Measurement Of Cardiac Output In Small Animals, Prasad L. Gavaskar

Theses

The task of the instrumentation system is to measure cardiac output in animals like rats, dogs, etc. A thermal-dilution method is used for this purpose. The temperature change due to injection of saline is picked up by thermo-couple microprobes implanted in the blood-vessel. The signal after conditioning is fed to a data acquisition system controlled by a computer.

With the help of a computer it is thus possible to monitor and control an experiment on several animals. The computer can sample the chambers sequentially. The sampling cycle duration and frequency are programmable. The data is collected and processed to determine …

Automated Instrumentation System To Monitor Behavioral Experiments, Dilip S. Gokhale

Theses

An instrumentation system has been designed to monitor behavioral experiments on monkeys. This instrumentation system is capable of performing these experiments in an automated manner without any human intervention. It is capable of monitoring these experiments concurrently in six boxes. It exhibits several features that make it more versatile than previous instrumentation systems. It is also capable of storing the data generated on to a floppy disk and later transmitting it to the mainframe.

Another feature that makes it more versatile is the flexibility of the system. Presently it is configured to run experiments with variable interval schedules. However with …

Finite Element Analysis Of The Behavior Of Foundations Over Cavities In Soluble Rocks, Borhan Huang

Theses

Soluble rocks contain sinkhole that affect the strength of the rocks. In designing foundations in and on these formation, the effects of cavities have to be taken into account. In this study, an axisymmetric formulation has been developed to study the behavior of circular footings over spherical cavities. Parametric studies have been conducted varying the sizes and locations of openings. An approximate procedure has been employed to generate the stiffness matrix of the system. Error analysis and convergence study of the results have been performed.

A Comparison Of Collective Bargaining Issues Within The North Jersey Construction Industry, Edward G. Keane

Theses

This study was conducted in order to explore the recent developments within the Construction Industry Collective Bargaining process which have become evident in the southern, western, and the southwestern states.

Through a comparison of the current developments in the North Jersey area with those in the South and West, it will be suggested that the North Jersey Construction Industry will soon be dominated by Open Shop Contractors. It will be demonstrated that the primary reasons for this shift from union labor to non-union labor is due to the high overhead of union labor created by union fringe benefit funds, and …

Coupled Flexural And Torsional Vibrations Of Beams, Sang Hwan Kim

Theses

This thesis deals with the vibration of a beam whose flexural and centroidal axis are not coincident. The elementary bending- twisting theory is employed to derive the equations of motion, in which the effects of rotary inertia are added to the bending displacements and the effects of warping are added to the twist. Bending translation is restricted to one direction so that one bending equation is used instead of two. The equations of motion are solved by using the boundary value problem. The exact natural frequencies are found from the frequency equation , which is obtained from the condition that …

Deposition Of Particles In Cylindrical Chamber Due To The Effect Of Image, Inertia, Viscous And Gravity Forces, Mehul J. Shah

Theses

This study investigated the behaviour of charged particles in cylindrical chambers under the influence of image, inertia, viscous and gravitational forces. The flow was considered to be laminar, steady state and incompressible. The velocity profiles considered were uniform and parabolic with symmetry about the axis of the cylinder.

The governing equations derived were based on Newton's second law of motion. The equations for the case neglecting gravity are linear second order equations and the Runge-Kutta method was used to find a numerical solution. The data hence obtained is fitted to equations using curve fitting method. These equations and graphical techniques …

Effects Of Two Chelating Drugs On Trace Element Metabolism In The Rat, Thomas J. Solecki

Theses

Numerous drugs have structures which suggest that they and/or their metabolites are likely to be chelating agents and therefore might affect trace element metabolism. For some drugs, their therapeutic activity or side effects may be due to this chelating potential. Ethambutol, used in the treatment of tuberculosis, is an example. There is also evidence that other drugs, such as alpha-methyldopa, may possess this potential; although its primary therapeutic action occurs via mechanisms other than chelation. The objective of this thesis was to determine the effects of ethambutol and alpha-methyldopa on tissue metal concentrations and balance of four essential trace metals: …

Finite Element Modeling Of A Femoral Stem In A Total Hip Prosthesis, Robert C. Cohen

Theses

A three-dimensional model was produced to study of effects of stress on a femoral stem in a total hip prosthesis. Using the ANSYS General Purpose Finite Element Computer Program, a reproduction of the system was constructed for the loads acting on the hip joint at intervals of a walking cycle. With isotropic properties for cortical bone, cancellous bone, cement, and selected alloys, the model was generated using three-dimensional, isoparametric, eight-node, solid elements (STIF45). The model consists of over 700 nodes and 442 elements. This model can be used to produce computer calculated stress data, if disc storage space allows.

Behavior Of Thin-Walled Channel Shaped Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Combined Biaxial Bending And Compression, Subash Yalamarthy

Theses

Next to rectangular, circular and L shapes, Channel section may be the most frequently encountered reinforced concrete columns since they can be used as box wall for elevators. Nevertheless, information about the load deformation behavior is not generally available to structural engineers. Most of the investigations have been emphasized on the ultimate strength of column sections under combined biaxial bending and axial compression and the resulting interaction surface. No attention is paid to load deformation behavior.

Current code provisions do not provide adequate guidelines for assessing the strength and ductility of biaxially-loaded reinforced concrete columns. Therefore, this investigation is aimed …

Techniques For Measuring Critical Loads In The Presence Of Non-Negligible Higher Mode Imperfections, Rajendra W. Ranadive

Theses

This thesis is concerned with the Southwell Plot method for measuring the critical load of thin-walled structural members whose postbuckling behavior is stable-symmetric.

In this method measurements are taken of the structure's central lateral deflection versus membrane compressive load P. Southwell's hypothesis is that (on a graph of δ/P vs. δ the reciprocal of the slope gives the critical load. He suggests that this is valid because the effect of the fundamental imperfection predominates as the load approaches the critical load+

The writer has examined Southwell's hypothesis in the presence of non-negligible (in fact dominant) higher mode imperfections. The writer …

Investigations Into Rates And Mechanisms Of Mercury Depuration In The Killifish, Fundulus Heteroclitus, Joanne A. Korpanty

Theses

Metallothionein (MT) and glutathione (GSH) have been shown in mammalian research to play a role in the sequestration and depuration of mercury. The sulfhydryl groups on both these peptides have a strong affinity for mercury, MT for Hg²⁺ and GSH for CH₃Hg⁺. In this study, killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) were force-fed one piece of squid laced with labelled mercuric nitrate to give a final food concentration of 20 ppm ²⁰³Hg²⁺ and 0.03 -0.05 µg g-1 Hg²⁺ total dose. Most of the mercury, 84.1 ± 12.1% (mean ± standard deviation), is depurated within the …

Quantitative Evaluation Of Substituent Effects On Stabilization Energies Of Strained And Unsaturated Molecules, Tyler Arthur Stevenson

Theses

Thermodynamic stabilization energies are presented for a series of monosubstituted vinyl, cyclopropyl, ethynyl, and phenyl compounds. The energies are calculated using ab initio molecular orbital calculations at the 4-31G level, and also with published experimental heat of formation data. Correlation analyses are then attempted with the dual substituent parameter approach with the stabilization energies. The analyses are also attempted with a triple-parameter approach using Topsom's theoretically calculated X, F, and Ro constants. Among the findings are the facts that π-donating substituents correlate well, while π-accepting substituents do not. Indications of the relative sensitivities of hydrocarbon frameworks to substituent electrostatic and …

Reliability Studies On Solid Tantalum Electrolytic Capacitors, Hamed Nassar

Theses

The primary objective of this thesis is to determine and analyze the failure mechanisms of solid tantalum capacitors, pinpoint the causes, and suggest the precautionary measures that prevent the occurrence of these failures. To achieve this goal, the study went in two directions, theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part-is a comprehensive review of the work -done on tantalum capacitors since 1960 up to date.

The experimental part of the study is a life test (1000 hours) of solid tantalum capacitors under humidity and high temperature. To avoid the misconception that could happen by investigating a particular manufacturer's product, units from …

Analysis Of Selected Volatile Organic Substances Associated With Residential Kerosene Heater Use And The Health Implications, Catherine Coombs Bobenhausen

Theses

Volatile organic species (aliphatic hydrocarbons from hexane to dodecane, cyclohexane and aromatic species including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, m,p, and o—xylenes, nitrobenzene, styrene and naphthalene) associated with residential kerosene heater emissions were measured at two sites. One was a small room having a total volume of 23.66 cubic meters and an air change rate of 2.71 air changes per hour, and the other, a living/dining room area having a combined volume of 79.30 cubic meters and an estimated air change rate of .7 air changes per hour. The analytical procedure involved collection of a series of air samples in stainless …

Synthesis Of Cyclobutenyl Ketals, Atef Z. Boulos

Theses

A series of dialkoxy derivatives of N,N'-di-tert-butyl-2-butylamino-3,3-dichloro-4-dichloromethylene cyclobutenyl carboxamidinum chloride, were prepared by dissolving either Na+ or K+ alkoxide in the appropriate alcohol, or by treatment with potassium hydroxide in the appropriate alcohols. Thus, the dimethoxy, diethoxy, di-isopropoxy, di-n-butoxy, di-tertbutoxy derivatives were obtained.

Microcomputer Applications In Construction Layout, P. Emeruwa Anyanwu

Theses

With recent trends in computer technology, its application to the construction industry is attracting more attention. The cost of owning computer was a primary reason for small and medium sized firms not adopting its use. With the advent of micro and minicomputers, the cost have dropped dramatically. Now one can purchase an Apple Computer (the monitor, keyboard, disk drive, and printer) at less than $3,000. This makes it possible for students like me (the poverty class) to afford to own one.

This thesis explores the powerful potentials of the microcomputer and its use as an aid in construction layout. Surveying …

Three Studies On Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Carol Sophia Eveleens

Theses

Three studies have been conducted on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found on airborne particulate matter. The first investigation involves the determination of fly ash "activity" in the reaction of two PAHs adsorbed on its surface. Mass spectrometry is used to monitor the exchange of hydrogen and deuterium atoms between anthracene and anthracene-d10. The results indicate that some fly ashes exhibit "activity" in the reactions of PAHs adsorbed on its surface. The second investigation involves the determination of cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CcdP) and benzo[ghi]flouranthene (BghiF) on samples of airborne particulate material collected from two automobile traffic tunnels. Glass capillary gas chromatography with a precolumn …

The Dry Removal Process Of Sulphur Dioxide From Flue Gases Using Aluminum Oxide, Ching-Hwang Lu

Theses

Oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide and absorption on aluminum oxide pellet as a mean of removing sulfur dioxide from flue gas was studied in a packed bed reactor at various temperatures, residence times, SO₂ inlet concentrations (ppm level), and particle sizes. Three different experiments were conducted: (i) sulfation with oxygen/ozone, (ii) sulfation with oxygen only in the presence of UV radiation ( 254 nm or 366 nm ), (iii) sulfation with oxygen only. In all the experiments substantial absorption of sulfur dioxide by alumina pellet was observed. Sulfation with oxygen/ozone give the highest absorption of SO_{2 …}

The Effect Of Chronic Low Level Lead Ingestion On Blood Pressure In Young Dogs, Thomas Robert Vetrano

Theses

The relationship between chronic, low level lead exposure and hypertension has been a controversial issue for nearly a century. This study was designed to examine if such exposure is capable of causing hypertension in young dogs. Twelve three-month old female hounds were split into groups of six and paired with their littermate. One group received a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight of lead daily (orally); the controls received equimolar sodium acetate. Blood pressures were determined using an indirect Doppler technique.

Similar blood pressures were recorded for both groups prior to lead dosing. After nine days of lead ingestion, the …

The Effects Of Feedback On Operator Performance In A Production Environment, Diane L. Knoll

Theses

The objective of this thesis and it's associated research is to analyze the positive effects of feedback in a production environment. The experimental data was collected at the Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation in New Jersey and a subsidiary company, The J. T. Clark Company, in Illinois.

The experiments involved three types of feedback indirect feedback provided to a large group of packaging operators, direct feedback provided to a small group of temporary packaging operators in a training situation, and direct feedback provided to an entire workforce of operators performing dissimilar, but interrelated tasks.

The results of these experiments were consistent with …

Magnetohydrodynamic Synchronous Generator With Exhaust Divertor Plasma Of Fusion Reactor, Prabir Kumar Majumdar

Theses

It is the intent of this thesis to develop design concept of a MHD-Synchronous generator for generation of A-C electric power utilizing the exhaust divertor plasma of Tokomak fusion reactor.

The main physical structure of the MHD-Synchronous generating system consists of (1) a linear induction accelerator at the divertor channel to accelerate the plasma velocity sufficient enough to provide rotational effect on the exhaust cylinder by turbine action; (2) a D-C field coil as a source of magnetic field at the entrance of the exhaust chambers; (3) turbine blade on the upper portion of the cylindrical current sheet and (4) …

A Model Of Heat Transfer By Conduction And Radiation In Fluidized Bed, Kouadio Kouame

Theses

A model of heat transfer by conduction and radiation in fluidized beds operating in the bubbling regime is proposed. The analysis of the combined conduction and radiation is one dimensional and is based on the emulsion packet model. The problem is formulated in terms of a non-linear partial differential equation which is transformed into an ordinary differential equation by using the similarity transformation. The packet emulsion phase is assumed to be a semi-infinite medium which absorbs, emits and scatters thermal radiation. Moreover, the packet emulsion phase is considered to be under optically thick condition. Radiative transfer during bubble contact is …