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Nonlinear Soil Properties Estimated From Strong Motion Accelerograms, K. Tokimatsu, S. Midorikawa Apr 1981

Nonlinear Soil Properties Estimated From Strong Motion Accelerograms, K. Tokimatsu, S. Midorikawa

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A rational procedure is developed for estimating dynamic soil properties from strong motion accelerograms obtained only at the ground surface. The method consisting of spectrum analysis and multi-reflection analysis could permit evaluation of time histories of shear modulus versus shear strain in the soil during an earthquake. The method is applied to four sites where the soil profile is relatively simple and where several strong motion records are available. The analytical results show that (1) the first predominant period of surface soil increases with an increase in shear strain developed in the soil, (2) the strain-dependent shear moduli evaluated from …

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Soil Behavior Under Dynamic Loadings, T. Goltom, G. Baladi Apr 1981

Soil Behavior Under Dynamic Loadings, T. Goltom, G. Baladi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were performed on clay samples obtained from the subgrades of existing highway pavements in the State of Michigan. These samples were unconsolidated or isotropically consolidated and then tested under the following conditions: 1) confining pressures of 34.5 psi and 172.4 kPa (5 and 25 psi), 2) a range of stress ratio from 2 to 4, 3) a constant frequency of one cycle per second, and 4) at the natural water contents. Test equipment included an MTS electrohydraulic closed-1oop system which applies the sustained and cyclic loads to the sample in a stress-controlled mode, a minicomputer which …

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Progressive Strain Of Sand Due To Cyclic Loading, D. H. Timmerman, S. Leelanitkul Apr 1981

Progressive Strain Of Sand Due To Cyclic Loading, D. H. Timmerman, S. Leelanitkul

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Progressive axial strain produced by cyclic, triaxial loading conditions was measured on Ottawa sand samples of various relative densities. The theoretical cyclic shearing strain amplitude in each sample was determined using a modified, hyperbolic shearing stress-shearing strain relationship. The data shows a linear log-log correlation between the measured progressive axial strain and the calculated cyclic shearing strain amplitude. The correlation is proposed as a general procedure for predicting progressive strains resulting from general cyclic, triaxial loading conditions.

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Analysis Of Stress Distribution In Torsional Shear Testing, J. S. Denatale, C. K. Shen, L. R. Herrmann, J. L. Vrymoed Apr 1981

Analysis Of Stress Distribution In Torsional Shear Testing, J. S. Denatale, C. K. Shen, L. R. Herrmann, J. L. Vrymoed

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The research described herein is concerned with the establishment of a specimen geometry that will lead to a more uniform stress distribution in cyclic torsional shear testing. This goal is realized by means of a parametric study using the method of finite elements and a homogeneous, isotropic, linear-elastic soil characterization. The results of these analyses provide a good qualitative measure of the relative effects of the several parameters under consideration. On the basis of the parametric study, design charts are developed which enable an appropriate specimen geometry to be selected for any specified degree of stress uniformity.

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Behavior Of Interfaces Between Structural And Geologic Media, C. S. Desai Apr 1981

Behavior Of Interfaces Between Structural And Geologic Media, C. S. Desai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The main objective of this paper is to identify and discuss the subject of the effect of interface behavior on the overall soil-structure interaction in building foundation systems. A brief review of the previous approaches based on the assumption of compatibility between the structure and soil is followed by a discussion of the recent efforts toward inclusion of relative slip, debonding and rebonding at interfaces. Here available models in the context of the lumped parameter and finite element approaches are reviewed. A number of models used in static and dynamic analyses are presented, and the difficulties associated with those based …

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Cyclic Loading On Clays, P. Y. Hicher, M. S. Elhosri Apr 1981

Cyclic Loading On Clays, P. Y. Hicher, M. S. Elhosri

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Experimental results using triaxial undrained cyclic tests on remolded and non-remolded are exposed. The influence of the clay structure is shown by choosing four clays with different mineralogies (kaolinite, illite, bentonite, marl). Different over consolidation ratios are used and the fatigue phenomenon is studied in relation to the evolution of the effective stress path.

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Analysis For Liquefaction: Empirical Approach, M. K. Yegian, B. M. Vitelli Apr 1981

Analysis For Liquefaction: Empirical Approach, M. K. Yegian, B. M. Vitelli

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An improved analytical method to calculate the likelihood of soil liquefaction is described. The method is based on an expanded list of case histories of liquefaction and no-liquefaction and employs earthquake magnitude and hypocentral distance to describe the intensity of shaking at a site. The new list of case histories is compiled from a complete re-evaluation of previously published case histories and field data observed in more recent earthquakes. Specific applications of the proposed procedure are described and an example analysis is presented.

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Assessment Of Liquefaction Potential Based On Seismic Energy Dissipation, R. O. Davis, J. B. Berrill Apr 1981

Assessment Of Liquefaction Potential Based On Seismic Energy Dissipation, R. O. Davis, J. B. Berrill

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simple relationship between dynamic pore pressure increase, earthquake magnitude, epicentral distance, initial effective overburden stress, and SPT value is proposed. The model is based on the concept that pore pressure increase depends upon the density of seismic energy dissipated at the site.

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Field Correlation Of Soil Liquefaction With Spt And Grain Size, K. Tokimatsu, Y. Yoshimi Apr 1981

Field Correlation Of Soil Liquefaction With Spt And Grain Size, K. Tokimatsu, Y. Yoshimi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Two earthquakes of magnitudes 6.7 and 7.4 that occurred in 1978 off the Pacific coast of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, provided field liquefaction data for a fairly wide range of peak ground surface acceleration from 100 to 290 gal. The range of SPT N-values was also fairly wide because special efforts were made to collect non-liquefaction data in addition to liquefaction data. Dynamic shear stress ratios adjusted for earthquake magnitudes and effective overburden pressures are plotted against N-values adjusted for effective overburden pressures. The field data are compared with two methods proposed recently, one by Seed and the other by Iwasaki …

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Soil Liquefaction Potential Evaluation With Use Of The Simplified Procedure, T. Iwasaki, K. Tokida, F. Tatsuoka Apr 1981

Soil Liquefaction Potential Evaluation With Use Of The Simplified Procedure, T. Iwasaki, K. Tokida, F. Tatsuoka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simplified method based on both a liquefaction resistance factor, FL and a liquefaction potential factor, PL has been proposed for evaluating soil liquefaction potential. The factor FL indicates the liquefaction potential at a given depth of a site, and the factor PL indicates the one at a site. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated by calculating the factors FL and PL at both liquefied and non-liquefied sites during past typical earthquakes in Japan, and carrying out shaking table tests.

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Liquefaction Characteristics Of Undisturbed Soils, R. G. Campanella, B. S. Lim Apr 1981

Liquefaction Characteristics Of Undisturbed Soils, R. G. Campanella, B. S. Lim

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Undrained cyclic triaxial tests were performed on undisturbed samples of natural soil deposits in order to investigate some of the factors affecting its liquefaction characteristics. It was shown that when the cyclic deviator stress is normalized with respect to major principal effective stress the number of cycles to liquefaction is not affected by sample size, consolidation stress, anisotropic consolidation, and grain size and density variations. However, liquefaction resistance was markedly increased by increasing over-consolidation ratio and aging. Also, sample disturbance of loose soils results in an increase, or unconservative measurement, of liquefaction resistance.

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Liquefaction Potential: Developments Since 1976, W. D. Liam Finn Apr 1981

Liquefaction Potential: Developments Since 1976, W. D. Liam Finn

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Developments in the analysis and assessment of liquefaction potential since 1976 are critically reviewed. The major development is the emergence of dynamic effective stress analysis and its gradual introduction into practice. Other topics reviewed include constant volume cyclic simple shear testing, quantitative analysis of the effects of system compliance on the results of cyclic loading tests, probabilistic methods and the effects of overconsolidated, previous stress history, static shear stresses and geological aging on liquefaction potential.

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Comparative Studies Of Soil Liquefaction Potential During The 1970 Peru Earthquake, A. Carrillo-Gil Apr 1981

Comparative Studies Of Soil Liquefaction Potential During The 1970 Peru Earthquake, A. Carrillo-Gil

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A brief evaluation is made of research conducted to determine liquefaction potential for the sandy soils along the coastal areas of Peru, which present such characteristics that make them susceptible for development of this particular phenomenon under a very intense earthquake. It has been determined for the specific case of the Chimbote area, that some parts of the city present dangerous unstable conditions due to the present position of the water-table level, soil type and their relative density, that caused liquefaction during the 1970 earthquake. On the other hand, in these areas the simplified method has been employed to establish …

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Soil Liquefaction Seismic Risk Analysis Based On Post 1979 Earthquake Observations In Montenegro, K. Talaganov, J. Petrovski, V. Mihailov Apr 1981

Soil Liquefaction Seismic Risk Analysis Based On Post 1979 Earthquake Observations In Montenegro, K. Talaganov, J. Petrovski, V. Mihailov

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The scale and consequences of soil liquefaction during April 15, 1979 Montenegro earthquake rose a problem of explanation of this phenomena and assessment of the ground behaviour during future earthquakes. The analysis, the details and results presented in this paper is divided into two parts: The first part comprises soil liquefaction during Aprill5 1979 earthquake including the analysis of both geotechnical conditions and excitation potential inducing them. In order to realise the scale and the properties of the phenomenon, distribution of the locations with manifestations likely to have been induced by soil liquefaction, as observed on the ground surface and …

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A Parametric Study Of An Effective Stress Liquefaction Model, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius P. Lam, Stephen L. Mccaskie, Chan-Feng Tsai Apr 1981

A Parametric Study Of An Effective Stress Liquefaction Model, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius P. Lam, Stephen L. Mccaskie, Chan-Feng Tsai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A method for evaluating the soil parameters required for effective stress analyses of the earthquake liquefaction potential of saturated sands is described. By means of parametric studies, it is demonstrated that the drained volume change and rebound constants required, may be backfitted to match a given field liquefaction strength curve. By means of this technique, fully coupled effective stress response analyses and site liquefaction evaluations can become a more routine engineering tool.

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The Potential Of In-Space Research On Liquefaction Phenomena And Related Soil Behavior, Nicholas C. Costes, George C. Marshall, Stein Sture Apr 1981

The Potential Of In-Space Research On Liquefaction Phenomena And Related Soil Behavior, Nicholas C. Costes, George C. Marshall, Stein Sture

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Because the constitutive laws for soils are governed mainly by interparticle friction, all aspects of their mechanical behavior depend strongly on gravitational body forces. This fact poses serious limitations on the formulation of a materially objective soil constitutive theory, based on experimentation performed on earth. In particular, the presence of the earth's gravity prohibits the design of controlled experiments to properly simulate a variety of critical phenomena associated with the dynamic response of soils to seismic excitation in a very low effective confining stress field. For these reasons, the advent of the space age and, more specifically, the capabilities of …

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Moderator's Report, R. Dobry Apr 1981

Moderator's Report, R. Dobry

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Table Of Contents, Multiple Authors Apr 1981

Table Of Contents, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Errata, Multiple Authors Apr 1981

Errata, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Estimating Dynamic Properties From Static Tests, E. Kavazanjian Jr., T. Hadj-Hamou Apr 1981

Estimating Dynamic Properties From Static Tests, E. Kavazanjian Jr., T. Hadj-Hamou

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The applicability of various types of constitutive models to estimating dynamic material properties for soils from the results of static shear tests is briefly reviewed. The primary obstacle to making such predictions is the limiting resolution of conventional static tests. A simple procedure using empirical relationships to interpolate beyond the limit of the static shear tests is suggested for use in preliminary analysis and in cases where cyclic test data is not available.

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Correlations Of Seismic Velocity With Depth, Marshall Lew, Robert Chieruzzi, Kenneth W. Campbell, C. Martin Duke Apr 1981

Correlations Of Seismic Velocity With Depth, Marshall Lew, Robert Chieruzzi, Kenneth W. Campbell, C. Martin Duke

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Correlations of seismic velocity have been made with depth for various geotechnical classifications of soil and rock described. The seismic velocities have been found to be dependent upon geologic age, gravel content, water table depth, dry density and depth of overburden.

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Mechanical Behavior Of Cohesive Soil Under Repeated Loading (Supplementary Results), Koichi Akai, Yuzo Ohnishi, Yoshiyuki Yamanaka Apr 1981

Mechanical Behavior Of Cohesive Soil Under Repeated Loading (Supplementary Results), Koichi Akai, Yuzo Ohnishi, Yoshiyuki Yamanaka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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A Constitutive Equation For Cyclically Loaded Sands, A. Szavits-Nossan, P. Kvasnicka Apr 1981

A Constitutive Equation For Cyclically Loaded Sands, A. Szavits-Nossan, P. Kvasnicka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A rate type constitutive equation with internal parameters is proposed for describing the behaviour of cyclically loaded sands in undrained conditions leading to liquefaction. The mathematical model is checked versus experimental data on undrained cyclic triaxial test on Monterey No. 0 sand. General trends of real sand behaviour are captured. The equation is applicable for general stress states too.

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Predicting Pore Pressure And Applications To Complex Loading Problems, Dwight A. Sangrey, Vincent P. Lascko Apr 1981

Predicting Pore Pressure And Applications To Complex Loading Problems, Dwight A. Sangrey, Vincent P. Lascko

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Methods for predicting and modeling the pore pressure response when soils are subjected to cyclic loading are described. These predictions include both the limiting states of pore pressure and the intermediate stages of development as a function of number of cycles. Applications of pore pressure prediction in effective stress methods are illustrated for a group of problems including sequencing of irregular loading, degradation of stress-strain modulus, volume changes and strength changes.

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Response Of Non-Saturated Soil To Cyclic Loading, R. C. Chaney, H. Y. Fang Apr 1981

Response Of Non-Saturated Soil To Cyclic Loading, R. C. Chaney, H. Y. Fang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The response of partially saturated and dry sand materials under cyclic loading is controlled by the compressibility of the pore fluid. For dry sand the limiting axial and volumetric strain occurs within 5 to 15 cycles of load application and is a function of the number of cycles of cyclic stress, relative density, and effective consolidation pressure. In addition the axial strain is shown to be independent of the consolidation stress ratio for loose sand and decreases with increasing consolidation stress ratio for dense sand under a constant cyclic stress.

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Dilation Angle And Liquefaction Potential, Y. P. Vaid, P. M. Byrne, J. M. O. Hughes Apr 1981

Dilation Angle And Liquefaction Potential, Y. P. Vaid, P. M. Byrne, J. M. O. Hughes

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Most of our understandin9 of the liquefaction phenomenon has come from laboratory tests. It would be desirable to express liquefaction resistance in terms of a parameter which can be measured both in the laboratory and in the field. It is proposed that the dilation angle or expansion rate of the sand is such a parameter. It is readily measured in the laboratory from drained simple shear or triaxial tests and in the field from self boring pressuremeter tests. Based on laboratory tests on Ottawa sand a chart is presented for estimating the liquefaction resistance of saturated sands in terms of …

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Macroscopic Approach To Soil Liquefaction, Zhong-Qi Wang Apr 1981

Macroscopic Approach To Soil Liquefaction, Zhong-Qi Wang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In view of the fact that microscopic liquefaction cannot be equated with the macroscopic one; further, owing to the unsolved difficulties in taking undisturbed samples of sand end in performing laboratory tenting of liquefaction, the author has tried to search after new practical way to assess soil liquefaction potential by macroscopic approach. This paper presents a preliminary study winch can coordinate each other with the laboratory microscopic procedures so as to make more reliable prediction to liquefaction potential and assessment of its seismic effect.

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In-Situ Undisturbed Sand Sampling By Radial Freezing For Liquefaction Analysis, R. Da Rolt, L. Lojelo, F. Muzzi, G. Spat Apr 1981

In-Situ Undisturbed Sand Sampling By Radial Freezing For Liquefaction Analysis, R. Da Rolt, L. Lojelo, F. Muzzi, G. Spat

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The authors experimented in laboratory that if radial freezing with free drainage is performed under an effective confining pressure of 100 kPa only an increase of the order of 0.5% of volumetric strain takes place going from the unfrozen to the frozen condition. The sample comes back to the original dimension after thawing. The displacements of the sample were measured by radiographs of a lead shot network properly built inside the sample. The technique suggested by Yoshimi and al. (1977) to freeze in situ a column of saturated sands was also verified and optimized in laboratory by simulating in a …

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Analysis Of Rigid Retaining Walls During Earthquakes, Shamsher Prakash Apr 1981

Analysis Of Rigid Retaining Walls During Earthquakes, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Retaining walls experience changed pressures and undergo displacements as well during earthquakes. Both the questions have been discussed in detail in this paper. Increments in active earth pressures have been correlated with peak ground velocity and a method to compute seismic coefficient to be used in the Mononabe method has been proposed. The question of point of application of the dynamic increment has also been examined in detail. There are three methods to compute displacements of rigid retaining walls, a) based on Newmark's approach of a sliding block, b) computation of translation only and c) computation of displacements due only …

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Effect Of Vibration On Pile Uplift Capacity, P. J. Moore, J. P. Piper Apr 1981

Effect Of Vibration On Pile Uplift Capacity, P. J. Moore, J. P. Piper

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An experimental and theoretical study has been carried out to examine the effects of vibration frequency and amplitude as well as magnitude of static applied load on the uplift capacity of piles driven into a sandy soil. The theoretical solution was developed using a lumped parameter model with viscous damping. The results, both theoretical and experimental, indicate that the displacement amplitude required to cause uplift failure of the pile, decreases as the vibration frequency increases. This trend was shown to be significantly dependent upon the natural frequency of the pile-soil system and to a lesser degree, upon the damping ratio. …

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