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Granular Trenches And Stone Columns As Ground Improvement Techniques — Case Histories Of Field Applications, P. Kameswara Sarma, J. R. Somayazulu, K. Rama Sastri Jun 1993

Granular Trenches And Stone Columns As Ground Improvement Techniques — Case Histories Of Field Applications, P. Kameswara Sarma, J. R. Somayazulu, K. Rama Sastri

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Vast areas of Deposits of Soft clays and loose sands is a common occurrence generally in all the countries particularly in the Coastal towns of the State of Andhra Pradesh, India. The utility of these deposits for founding structures becomes vital in view of the enormous land cost and their existence in developed areas. The structures resting on these deposits will be subjected to many problems as these deposits possess very low insitu strength. Appropriate ground improvement technique, supported by quality assurance tests after implementation of technique in the field will be a better solution in problematic soils. The paper …

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Lining Of Perennial Canals Under Flowing Conditions By Ulomat Grouted Mattress Technique, D. L. Shah, A. V. Shroff, Piyush V. Parikh Jun 1993

Lining Of Perennial Canals Under Flowing Conditions By Ulomat Grouted Mattress Technique, D. L. Shah, A. V. Shroff, Piyush V. Parikh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Irrigation water is made available to the farmers by means of construction of a dam/weir and a canal system taking off from the reservoir impounded behind the dam. This water is therefore very precious. If the canal system is not lined, about 25 to 30 per cent of water released in the canal is lost by way of seepage through canals. Canals should therefore be lined not only to save this water but also to irrigate additional area. A pilot project of providing such lining on experimental basis was taken up for the first time in India by Irrigation Department …

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Behavior Of Direct Tower Foundation On Improved Soil, F. Colleselli, P. Varagnolo Jun 1993

Behavior Of Direct Tower Foundation On Improved Soil, F. Colleselli, P. Varagnolo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents the foundation behaviour of a 146-m telecommunications tower situated near Verona in Italy, with foundation soils characterized as a thick deposit of alluvial gravels and sands. In order to limit total and differential settlements of the tower it was decided to improve the foundation soil with jet-grouting columns. Predictions on the behaviour of the structure and the foundation soil were performed with an axisymmetric finite-element model adopting an elastic linear constitutive law. Soil moduli were obtained from the results of a cross-hole test and from Standard Penetration Tests; jet-grouting columns behaviour was estimated from load and borehole …

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A Study On Electro-Osmotic Consolidation Of Soft Clays, G. Lefebvre, T. V. Pavate Jun 1993

A Study On Electro-Osmotic Consolidation Of Soft Clays, G. Lefebvre, T. V. Pavate

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The effects of an electro-osmotic treatment on a soft sensitive clay from Eastern Canada were examined based on the laboratory tests performed on undisturbed specimens. The interpretation of the tests focus on the non-homogeneity of the treatment, the influence of polarity reversal and strong induration which develops near the anode in addition to the consolidation.

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Building Collapse Due To Shallow Trench Excavation, S. J. Vitton, R. C. Brown Jun 1993

Building Collapse Due To Shallow Trench Excavation, S. J. Vitton, R. C. Brown

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A building collapse is investigated in which a shallow trench, excavated along the length of the building, resulted in the building's collapse. An investigation indicated that the trench had been excavated within 1 ft (0.3 m) of the foundation and that the foundation had been constructed on approximately 7 ft (2.1 m) of soft silty clay with the bottom portion of this soil highly saturated. The bearing capacity of the foundation, prior to excavation, was estimated to have a safety factor as low as 1.5. As a result of the proximity of the trench to the foundation and the soft …

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Development On Florida's Phosphate Mine Lands, W. A. Ericson, L. P. Moore, L. D. Madrid Jun 1993

Development On Florida's Phosphate Mine Lands, W. A. Ericson, L. P. Moore, L. D. Madrid

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A majority of Polk County, in central Florida, has been mined for phosphate in the past. Mining companies use the mined areas to deposit mining wastes such as the tailings sands and highly plastic clay materials that are associated with the beneficiation of phosphate ore. The clays are allowed to consolidate, but often, the resulting solids content or shear strength of the materials is very low even after several tens of years. One such area that was impacted by mining and subsequent clay disposal was to become a mobile home park. The developer did not investigate the subsurface conditions prior …

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Failure Of Highway Fill And Investigation Into Its Causes, P. Jagannatha Rao Jun 1993

Failure Of Highway Fill And Investigation Into Its Causes, P. Jagannatha Rao

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A section of a highway carrying heavy traffic was located on fill of height ranging from 2-3m. The total thickness of the pavement was of the order of 550mrn and consisted of bituminous surfacing, granular base and sub base. Although the expected life of the pavement was ten years, severe distress including transverse deformations and cracking of the pavement was experienced within one year after traffic started plying on this section. However, the adjoining stretch, built at the same time, continued to perform satisfactorily. A study consisting of comprehensive testing program was taken up to establish the causes of distress. …

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Geological Surprises At Itezhitezhi Dam, Zambia, F. B. Slichter, R. B. Peck, F. D. Patton, I. Jernelius, S. Balasubrahmanyam Jun 1993

Geological Surprises At Itezhitezhi Dam, Zambia, F. B. Slichter, R. B. Peck, F. D. Patton, I. Jernelius, S. Balasubrahmanyam

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An outburst of warm springs together with the development of an extensive area of high pore-water pressures occurred during the first filling of the 50m high earth and rock fill Itezhitezhi Dam on the Kafue River in Zambia. These and other unanticipated events led to extensive geological and hydrogeological investigations that resulted in the implementation of unusual remedial measures. The remedial work was completed before the reservoir reached its full supply level. The dam has since performed successfully. The problems are reviewed in terms of the significance of the site geology. The hydrogeologic problems were found to be caused by …

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Investigation Of Collapse Of An Apartment Building Due To Differential Filling, N. N. Som, R. B. Sahu Jun 1993

Investigation Of Collapse Of An Apartment Building Due To Differential Filling, N. N. Som, R. B. Sahu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Investigation of collapse of a five storey residential building in Calcutta is described. The failure occurred soon after construction but, fortunately, before occupation. Detailed soil investigation revealed that a bowl-shaped depression, 5. 5 m deep, existed in the collapsed building area which was subsequently filled up. The foundation raft was placed 5.325 m below ground level and the subsequent filling put an overburden pressure of varying magnitude resulting in non-uniform pressure on the subsoil. This was apparently not considered in design. Factor of safety was found to be low against bearing capacity failure and the building tilted towards the heavier …

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The Impact Of Rising Ground Water Level On The Geotechnical Behavior Of Soil In Hot Climate Regions, A. S. Stipho Jun 1993

The Impact Of Rising Ground Water Level On The Geotechnical Behavior Of Soil In Hot Climate Regions, A. S. Stipho

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The continuous development and industrial changes in Saudi Arabia necessitates large ground water exploitation and brought about significant changes to the ground water regime. The alarming evidence of rising shallow ground water level and the widespread structural problems have mitigate the extra demand to develop special geotechnical awareness, standard testing and designing procedures to minimize the impact of wetting on soil behavior in the hot climate region. Field and laboratory test results on typical soil samples have established the influence of rising moisture and exemplified the adverse levels of collapse manifested by the large reduction in shearing strength and the …

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Underpinning And Leveling Settled Pipes And Channel, Steven D. Scherer, Ed Weiner Jun 1993

Underpinning And Leveling Settled Pipes And Channel, Steven D. Scherer, Ed Weiner

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Settlement of a new reinforced concrete channel and related pipes was creatively underpinned and raised utilizing steel mini piles and compaction grout pile elements. The conditions that may have caused the settlement are systematically reviewed and details of construction are presented.

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Deterministic/Probabilistic Study Of Fault Rupture, D. Cimmings Jun 1993

Deterministic/Probabilistic Study Of Fault Rupture, D. Cimmings

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A combined theoretical, deterministic, and probabilistic analysis was applied to a site in Nevada for the purpose of defining the potential for fault rupture through alluvium under a proposed facility. A theoretical model using Theory of Plasticity was used to define the stress trajectories from fault displacement in bedrock through alluvium. A deterministic analysis was used to determine earthquake recurrence and expected magnitudes. A combined total and compound probabilistic analysis was used to assess the likelihood of fault displacement under the facility. The results of these complementary analyses indicated a very low likelihood of fault rupture during the life expectancy …

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Use Of Geotechnical Design Summary Report As A Management Tool For Resolving Disputes On Underground Construction Projects, B. M. Ghadiali, T. P. Smirnoff, K. N. Murthy Jun 1993

Use Of Geotechnical Design Summary Report As A Management Tool For Resolving Disputes On Underground Construction Projects, B. M. Ghadiali, T. P. Smirnoff, K. N. Murthy

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Los Angeles Metro Rail Subway project is initially planned for 30 km (18 mi) of twin, 6-m (20-ft) diameter bored tunnels under city streets and a total of 16 stations. This paper describes briefly the history of the project, the geologic setting, and the challenges encountered during design or anticipated during construction. It also introduces, as part of contract documentation, an interpretive geotechnical baseline report which establishes the basis for identification and recognition of site condition "baselines". In so doing, this report (known as a "GDSR") has proven to be an effective tool for ameliorating contractual problems and facilitating …

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Remediation Of Contaminated Sites — Case Histories, D. D. Genske, H. Klapperich, P. Noll Jun 1993

Remediation Of Contaminated Sites — Case Histories, D. D. Genske, H. Klapperich, P. Noll

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In this paper, two major remediation projects located in the German Ruhr District will be introduced. The key to an effective land re-utilization plan is a harmonized management of ground investigation, risk assessment and clean-up strategies. Geotechnical and hydrogeological techniques, as well as economical risks involved in the recycling of industrial wasteland will be discussed. Criteria which led to the acceptance of certain remediation techniques will be reflected and their validity will be examined. It will be analyzed whether the projected performance objectives have been met and the demands of both, the investors and the environmental protection agencies have been …

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Modified Cover System For Hazardous Waste Landfills In Semi-Arid Areas, S. Dutta Jun 1993

Modified Cover System For Hazardous Waste Landfills In Semi-Arid Areas, S. Dutta

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Flawless installation of conventional clay cover system in semi-arid areas is almost an impossibility. Cracks and microfractures in clay cover system leading to high seepage and plume migration has been experienced by many landfills in semi-arid areas. A modified cover system developed by the author at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma is designed to overcome the leakage effect by using manufactured clay liners in combination with a thin cushion of clay layer. Another major disadvantage of the conventional clay cover system is the mounding effect of the cover system and the resulting capture and conversion of the contiguous clean and …

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An Analytical Prediction Of Consolidation Settlement Of Fibrous Peat Deposit Under Loading, K. Kogure Jun 1993

An Analytical Prediction Of Consolidation Settlement Of Fibrous Peat Deposit Under Loading, K. Kogure

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In one-dimensional consolidation of fibrous peat, it is known that the behavior can not be sufficiently explained by Terzaghi theory. In this study, based on the fact that the pore of fibrous peat consists of macro (outer) pore between organic bodies and micro (inner) pore inside organic bodies, an approximate analytical method for one-dimensional consolidation of fibrous peat is presented. The macro pore consolidation (MAC) resulting from dewatering from the macro pore begins in the first place and the peat collapses to a new void ratio. At the same time, the micro pore consolidation (MIC) resulting from dewatering from the …

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Effective Stress Method For Piezocone Evaluation Of SU, P. W. Mayne, B. S. Chen Jun 1993

Effective Stress Method For Piezocone Evaluation Of SU, P. W. Mayne, B. S. Chen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A simple piezocone model combines spherical cavity expansion theory and modified Cam Clay concepts to represent both the corrected cone tip resistance (qT) and penetration pore water pressure measured behind the tip (ubt). In closed form, the undrained shear strength (su) is shown to be a function of the effective friction angle (φ'), the plastic volumetric strain ratio (Λ), and the piezocone parameter (qT− ubt)· Parametric studies show that the model is relatively insensitive to variations in φ' and Λ, thereby simplifying its form for practical use. The method is …

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In-Place Stabilization Of Waste Phosphatic Clays Using Lime Columns, B. L. Barnes, L. D. Madrid, W. A. Ericson Jun 1993

In-Place Stabilization Of Waste Phosphatic Clays Using Lime Columns, B. L. Barnes, L. D. Madrid, W. A. Ericson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper will present the results of a laboratory testing program and field implementation of the lime column stabilization technique to waste phosphatic clays. Results show increases in clay shear strength by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude and reduce the time of primary consolidation by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude.

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Pneusol At The Bussang Pass, G. Esbelin, N. T. Long, P. Ursat Jun 1993

Pneusol At The Bussang Pass, G. Esbelin, N. T. Long, P. Ursat

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The widening of National Road no. 66 at the Bussang Pass in southern Alsace is the first "major" job on a national road using the Pneusol technique, a combination of old tires and soils: 600 m of walls 2 to 7 m high; 55,000 passenger-car tires and 2,000 truck tires (a total of 500 tonnes!). Precious knowledge is gleaned from the diverse conditions of use.

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Damage Patterns/Response Of Deep Stiff Clay In Oakland, Joseph I. Sun, Susan W. Chang, Jonathan D. Bray, Lelio H. Mejia Jun 1993

Damage Patterns/Response Of Deep Stiff Clay In Oakland, Joseph I. Sun, Susan W. Chang, Jonathan D. Bray, Lelio H. Mejia

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The 1985 Mexico City earthquake and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake provided well-documented evidence of the effect of local ground conditions on site response and damage patterns. Deep soft clay deposits, in particular, were often cited as the "culprit" of amplified ground motions. However, during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, ground accelerations in the downtown Oakland area were amplified by a factor of two to four and a significant number of structures were heavily damaged, despite the fact that much of the area is underlain by deposits of deep stiff clay. A preliminary review of damage patterns in the Oakland …

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Design Of Safe Slopes After Failure During An Earthquake, B. V. K. Lavania, A. D. Pandey, A. K. Singh, S. Singhal Jun 1993

Design Of Safe Slopes After Failure During An Earthquake, B. V. K. Lavania, A. D. Pandey, A. K. Singh, S. Singhal

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Four slope slides took place, during a major earthquake, on the slopes of hill that has a paper mill complex on its top. The subsoil condition and engineering parameters for the site were evaluated at the time of construction of this complex and again after the earthquake for the purpose of designing safe slopes. However, both times the variation in the numerical values of shear parameters obtained by different tests was very wide and it was difficult to arrive at some conclusion. Therefore, on the basis of failure surface geometries, these was assessed by back analysis and design of safe …

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General Report Session No. 14: Geotechnical Aspects Of Recent Earthquakes, Ahmed-W. Elgamal, G. L. Hempen Jun 1993

General Report Session No. 14: Geotechnical Aspects Of Recent Earthquakes, Ahmed-W. Elgamal, G. L. Hempen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Geotechnical Aspects Of The Petrolia Earthquake, Robert K. Green, Thomas L. Sawyer Jun 1993

Geotechnical Aspects Of The Petrolia Earthquake, Robert K. Green, Thomas L. Sawyer

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Petrolia, California earthquake (MS 6.9, ML 6.4) occurred on April 25, 1992 and was followed by numerous aftershocks including two earthquakes over magnitude 6 that occurred on April 26, 1992. The earthquakes caused structural damage in Ferndale, Petrolia, Honeydew, Rio Dell, Fortuna, and Scotia. The earthquake also produced ground failures of liquefaction, lateral spreads, and landslides in the epicentral region. Liquefaction did not appear to be widespread, and occurred in locations where it would most likely be expected to occur (low lying areas with very recent alluvial deposits and high ground water). Scattered landslides were triggered by …

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Liquefaction During 1988 Earthquakes And A Case Study, M. K. Gupta Jun 1993

Liquefaction During 1988 Earthquakes And A Case Study, M. K. Gupta

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Several parts of north eastern India, Bangladesh and Burma were rocked by an earthquake on August 6, 1988. The author carried out earthquake damage survey due to liquefaction in Assam region. Wide spread liquefaction in the area was observed. Guide bunds and approach roads of a road bridge near Tezpur performed excellently against liquefaction during the earthquake for which they were designed. Another earthquake of magnitude 6.6 visited Nepal Bihar border region which shook northern Bihar and Nepal region and was felt as far as Jaipur in the west and Shillong in the east. Large scale liquefaction has also been …

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Liquefaction During The October 12, 1992, Egyptian Dahshure Earthquake, Ahmed-W. Elgamal, Mohamed Amer, Korhan Adalier Jun 1993

Liquefaction During The October 12, 1992, Egyptian Dahshure Earthquake, Ahmed-W. Elgamal, Mohamed Amer, Korhan Adalier

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

On October 12, 1992 a moderate earthquake MB = 5.9 (MS = 5.2) occurred about 18 km southwest of the center of Cairo and resulted in significant damage to numerous poorly constructed structures. Soil liquefaction associated with the occurrence of large sand-boils was observed close to the epicenter. As a consequence, a main road suffered a maximum settlement of about 1.75 m. In this study, the earthquake characteristics, soil profiles and resulting liquefaction are discussed. The observed liquefaction mechanisms provide valuable information on the seismic response of Nile deposited alluvial soils. Such soils constitute much of the inhabited …

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Nonlinear Dynamic Effective-Stress Analysis Of Two Case Histories, S. Inel, W. H. Roth, C. De Rubertis Jun 1993

Nonlinear Dynamic Effective-Stress Analysis Of Two Case Histories, S. Inel, W. H. Roth, C. De Rubertis

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two case histories were analyzed to determine the validity of using nonlinear numerical analysis methods together with simple and familiar descriptions of soil behavior to predict shaking-induced excess pore pressures and permanent deformations within soil. The first case focuses on the prediction of liquefaction during centrifuge testing of a silt layer underlain by sand. The second case involves the prediction of behavior of the Upper San Fernando Dam during the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Results of both analyses show that consistent and reasonably accurate estimates may be made of the behavior of soil during seismic loading. The relative simplicity of …

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Response Analyses Of Recorded Earthquake Motions, S. J. Serhan Jun 1993

Response Analyses Of Recorded Earthquake Motions, S. J. Serhan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Response analyses of three recorded earthquakes at a nuclear power plant have been conducted. The objective of the response analyses is to obtain frequency composition, assess damage potential, and simulate and explain the recorded soil and structural seismic motions. Two- and three-dimensional models for the soil/structure system have been developed by using the finite-element substructuring method. Results of the analyses show clear evidence of soil/structure interaction in terms of significant soil softening, strong rocking mode participation and unusual recorded high-frequency response inside the buildings.

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Response Of House Foundations During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Gennaro G. Marino Jun 1993

Response Of House Foundations During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Gennaro G. Marino

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Significant damage to house foundations has resulted from the Lorna Prieta earthquake. In some cases the cost to repair the foundation and to make the necessary seismic upgrades exceeded the market value of the house. This level of foundation damage was found at various distances from the epicenter and in different geologic settings. Presented in this paper are observations made on the foundation responses to various ground effects from the earthquake shaking. Also pointed out is the difference in performance of various affected foundation systems.

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Design And Observation Of Steep Reinforced Embankments, T. Yamanouchi, N. Fukuda Jun 1993

Design And Observation Of Steep Reinforced Embankments, T. Yamanouchi, N. Fukuda

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Using the design method proposed by R. A. Jewell et al. numerous steep reinforced embankments have been constructed in the authors’ home country since the year 1984. In fact these soil structures are built with the reinforcement of polymer grids (the so-called geogrids invented by F. B. Mercer of U.K.) which have a unique structural composition with high-tensile and low-ductility characteristics. This paper deals with first the development of steep reinforced soil structures and their design method, and then introduces a well-documented case history of steep reinforced embankment. The authors propose a current design method developed on the basis of …

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Leaning Tower Of Pisa — Updated Information, M. Jamiolkowski, R. Lancellotta, C. Pepe Jun 1993

Leaning Tower Of Pisa — Updated Information, M. Jamiolkowski, R. Lancellotta, C. Pepe

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper is aimed at giving information on the present situation of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and on the activities undertaken for its safeguard by the International Committee appointed in May 1990 by the Italian Government. After a brief review of the subsoil conditions of the structural features and of the observed movements of the Tower, the activities undertaken by the Committee are also summarized.

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