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Effect Of Magnitude And Type Of Damping On Soil Amplification, Jose M. Roesset, Carlos I. Huerta, Kenneth H. Stokoe Ii Apr 1995

Effect Of Magnitude And Type Of Damping On Soil Amplification, Jose M. Roesset, Carlos I. Huerta, Kenneth H. Stokoe Ii

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Soil Amplification studies conducted to obtain site specific seismic motions at the free surface of a soil deposit or at any other elevation (convolution process), or to determine compatible base motions at a given depth for soil structure interaction analyses (deconvolution) assume, when performed in the frequency domain simulating nonlinear soil behavior through an iterative linear analysis, that the internal soil damping is of a linear hysteretic nature. This tends to filter out excessively the high frequency components of motion for convolution studies and leads to eventual instability of the solution at a given depth (function of the soil properties) …

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Elastic Models Of Rock Due To Explosion Pressures, Sanga Tangchawal Apr 1995

Elastic Models Of Rock Due To Explosion Pressures, Sanga Tangchawal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Basic theories of wave pulse initiated from conventional blasting were reviewed. Mechanics of various stress wave forms of explosion pressure were proved. A new suggested solution of displacement potential by Rinehart instead of Sharpe or Duvall's suggestion, was used to find the optimum solution. From the mathematical research models, in which they were written as a package program in C language and used Microsoft visual basic as user interface, they proved that a typical cylindrical charge explosion in a bench may take on some of the characteristics of a concentrated charge explosion.

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Sliding Base Isolation System For Unreinforced Buildings, M. Tehranizadeh Apr 1995

Sliding Base Isolation System For Unreinforced Buildings, M. Tehranizadeh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Concept of isolating structures from the effects of ground shaking has been discussed for many years. Its practical application was delayed until the successful development has been made. One of the easiest and lowest cost of base isolation system is the sliding or pure friction type that can be used for unreinforced forced masonry bearing wall building. This type of building are very common in different parts of Iran. Preliminary studies have indicated that the represented system for small buildings situated in the seismic region works very well.

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Dynamic Behavior Of Beijing Sandy Clay And The Dynamic Responses Of Beijing Subway To Traffic Vibrations, C. S. Pan, W. Cui, D. Li, F. Gao Apr 1995

Dynamic Behavior Of Beijing Sandy Clay And The Dynamic Responses Of Beijing Subway To Traffic Vibrations, C. S. Pan, W. Cui, D. Li, F. Gao

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Experiments were carried out for the Beijing sandy clay using a triaxial apparatus Model DTC- 240 (JAPAN) with the dynamic characteristics of the soil obtained and formulated. The test data were applied to the 2-D and 3-D finite element analyses for the dynamic responses of Beijing Subway to traffic vibrations. Resulte acquired from the numerical analyses happened to be in good coincidence with the measured responses.

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Development Of New Stiffness And Damping Expressions For Footing Vibrations, H. V. P. Truong, P. J. Moore Apr 1995

Development Of New Stiffness And Damping Expressions For Footing Vibrations, H. V. P. Truong, P. J. Moore

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

New expressions for stiffness and radiation damping, which have been developed for a new forcing function, are based on the simple equation of wave propagation in a perfectly elastic half space for different modes of vibrations, particularly vertical and horizontal vibrations. A differential equation including the effect of foundation mass is presented and the results of the amplitudes of vibration obtained from this differential equation are compared with those in the standard differential equation in soil dynamics textbooks. Furthermore, added soil masses for vertical and horizontal vibrations are also derived based on the equation of wave propagation and discussed with …

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Interaction Of Adjacent Vibratory Machines, J. P. Lee, J. A. Bohinsky Apr 1995

Interaction Of Adjacent Vibratory Machines, J. P. Lee, J. A. Bohinsky

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Due to inevitable unbalanced masses that always exist, a rotating machine will experience vibration to various extent depending on the characteristics of loads and support conditions. When two pieces of vibratory machines are installed close to each other, the vibration of either machine may further be amplified by the interaction between the two machines. In this paper, the interaction effect between two adjacent vibratory machines supported on a flexible floor was investigated. It was found that for the case investigated, the most critical condition occurred when the unbalanced forces were out-of-phase.

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Discussions And Replies — Session Xii, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Xii, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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The Northridge Earthquake Of 1994: Ground Motions And Geotechnical Aspects, M. K. Yegian, G. V. Ghahraman, G. Gazetas, P. Dakoulas, N. Makris Apr 1995

The Northridge Earthquake Of 1994: Ground Motions And Geotechnical Aspects, M. K. Yegian, G. V. Ghahraman, G. Gazetas, P. Dakoulas, N. Makris

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Following the January 1994 Northridge Earthquake in Southern California, the authors traveled to Los Angeles and surveyed the earthquake damage region. Subsequently, seismologic, geologic and ground motion data were compiled and evaluated. This paper presents our observations and evaluation of: geologic and soil effects; soil-structure interaction; liquefaction; slope failures and rock slides; and ground deformations.

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A New Scenario Earthquake For Southern California Based On The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, W. W. Hays Apr 1995

A New Scenario Earthquake For Southern California Based On The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, W. W. Hays

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Prior to the M 6.8 Northridge, California, earthquake, the two principal scenarios for Southern California were based on a recurrence of a great earthquake (M 8.25) on the San Andreas Fault system and a moderate earthquake (M 6.5) on the Newport-Inglewood fault zone. Like the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake, the new scenario event--a blind thrust fault beneath Los Angeles--is expected to generate very high levels of ground shaking (acceleration, velocity, displacement, spectral response) in the epicentral region, trigger ground failure over a wide area; cause extensive damage to the built environment; and test all aspects of the earthquake risk …

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Solid Waste Landfill Performance During The 1994 Northridge Earthquake, A. J. Augello, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed, N. Matasovic, E. Kavazanjian Jr. Apr 1995

Solid Waste Landfill Performance During The 1994 Northridge Earthquake, A. J. Augello, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed, N. Matasovic, E. Kavazanjian Jr.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The performance of 22landfills in the Los Angeles area during the January 17, 1994 Northridge earthquake has been investigated. Observations of damage at these landfills indicate that the overall performance of solid waste landfills was encouraging. None of the surveyed landfills showed any signs of major damage. However, one geosynthetic-lined landfill experienced two tears in the geomembrane liner. Most landfills within 30 km of the zone of energy release experienced some form of cracking in the soil cover. Beyond approximately 40 km from the zone of energy release, little to no damage was observed.

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Northridge Earthquake — Van Norman Complex Ground Movement, C. A. Davis, J. P. Bardet Apr 1995

Northridge Earthquake — Van Norman Complex Ground Movement, C. A. Davis, J. P. Bardet

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake severely shook the Van Norman Complex, in the northern San Fernando Valley. Located in the nearfield, over the vicinity of the ruptured fault, the Van Norman Complex was subjected to many types of ground movements, including strong ground motions, tectonic displacements, ground deformation of natural soil deposits, and deformation of embankments and other engineered fills. The complex provides a well-documented case of how these various types of ground movements interact and their effects on engineered facilities. Throughout the complex, sand boils, liquefaction induced lateral spreading, and ground cracks were observed. Eleven water retaining embankments, …

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Numerical Modelling Approaches For The Analysis Of Earthquake Triggered Landslides, H. Modaressi, D. Aubry, E. Faccioli, C. Noret Apr 1995

Numerical Modelling Approaches For The Analysis Of Earthquake Triggered Landslides, H. Modaressi, D. Aubry, E. Faccioli, C. Noret

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Different numerical approaches for the analysis of earthquake triggered landslides are studied. Improved simplified models are developed and their performance for evaluating the response of natural slopes subjected to earthquakes is studied. Using more sophisticated numerical techniques the influence of several factors such as the hydro mechanical behavior assumptions, 1D vs. 2D geometry, and the input motion are assessed. 2D computations have shown that the kinematics of the slope motion is largely affected by the geometry of the slope. As far as the soil behavior is concerned, the results indicate that introduction of progressive yielding in the soil model provides …

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National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (Nges), R. D. Woods Apr 1995

National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (Nges), R. D. Woods

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The cost of and time required for site characterization in preparation for field experimentation often exceeds the cost and time of performing the experiment. For this reason alone, there is a need for well characterized field experimentation sites. The additional advantage of being able to compare measurements of so1l and rock parameters by new methods with measurements of the same parameters by other methods in well-known materials is very beneficial to the geotechnical community. Finally, the need to perform full scale earth structure experiments dictates a need for well characterized and user friendly sites where large experiments can be performed. …

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Distribution Of Structural Damage In Nishinomiya City And The Eastward Suffered From The Great Hanshin (Hyogoken Nanbu) Earthquake Of January 16, 1995, Kensuke Baba Apr 1995

Distribution Of Structural Damage In Nishinomiya City And The Eastward Suffered From The Great Hanshin (Hyogoken Nanbu) Earthquake Of January 16, 1995, Kensuke Baba

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A powerful earthquake was caused in the northern region of the Awajishima Island, Japan, on 16 January 1995, and many human lives, structures and facilities suffered fatal damage from the seismic motions in the Hanshin' (Osaka-Kobe) region. The epicenter was located 20 kilometers below the ground surface and the seismic magnitude was 7.2 on Japan Meteorological scale. The aftershocks have been observed in a slender zone oriented to the northeast and stretching to a northern limit on the west-east trending Arima-Takatsuki fault line, which is analogous to the geological area accompanied with the tectonic collapse (Fig. 1).

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Disclaimer, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Disclaimer, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Proceedings, Shamsher Prakash Apr 1995

Proceedings, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Conference Photos, Multiple People Apr 1995

Conference Photos, Multiple People

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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List Of Participants, Multiple Participants Apr 1995

List Of Participants, Multiple Participants

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Dynamic Shear Modulus And Damping Ratio Predicted By A Unified 3-D Critical State Bounding Surface Plasticity Model, John P. Wolf, Roger S. Crouch Apr 1995

Dynamic Shear Modulus And Damping Ratio Predicted By A Unified 3-D Critical State Bounding Surface Plasticity Model, John P. Wolf, Roger S. Crouch

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A unified 3-d critical state bounding surface plasticity model (gUTS) has been developed which is able to provide realistic simulations of the behavior of clays, silts and sands both in drained and undrained conditions over a wide range of monotonic and complex cyclic paths. A strong feature of this model is its ability to treat loose and dense states of the same material with a single set of material constants. The link between the two states is made by introducing an apparent normal consolidation line for sands and adopting a volumetric plastic strain hardening/softening model (similar to the critical state …

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High Strain Rate Testing Of Unsaturated Sands Using A Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar, G. E. Veyera, C. A. Ross Apr 1995

High Strain Rate Testing Of Unsaturated Sands Using A Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar, G. E. Veyera, C. A. Ross

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

High strain rate tests were conducted on specimens of three different sands at saturations varying from dry to 100% using a Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar. Compacted specimens were subjected to undrained uniaxial confined compression at approximate strain rates of 1000/s and 2000/s by an approximate square wave input of 225 MPa with a pulse length of 250 µs. The stress-strain curves show an initially steep portion which appears to be strain rate independent. Beyond this, slopes are about the same up to the lock-up strain, an abrupt change in slope, indicating an increase in stiffness. The effect of increasing saturation is …

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Modelling Of Cyclic Behavior Of Sand In Large Range Of Strain Amplitudes, P. Y. Hicher, M. Kordjani Apr 1995

Modelling Of Cyclic Behavior Of Sand In Large Range Of Strain Amplitudes, P. Y. Hicher, M. Kordjani

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The aim of this paper is to show that it is possible to model the behavior of soils in a large range of strains (10-6 to 10-1), using an elastoplastic law with a unique set of parameters. A multimechanism law with a kinematic hardening was used to model the monotonous and cyclic behavior of sand.

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Subsequent Consolidation Of Clay Subjected To Undrained Cyclic Loading, Tej B. S. Pradhan, G. Imai, Y. Ueno, T. K. Dam Apr 1995

Subsequent Consolidation Of Clay Subjected To Undrained Cyclic Loading, Tej B. S. Pradhan, G. Imai, Y. Ueno, T. K. Dam

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper is mainly focused on two parts: (a) to clarify the mechanism of migration of excess pore water pressure in clay specimen and (b) subsequent consolidation behavior after the dissipation of excess pore water pressure accumulated due to undrained cyclic loading. A new technique to measure the pore pressure at the mid-height periphery of a triaxial specimen was developed. The effect of loading frequency and the stress level on the generation of excess pore pressure at the top, bottom and at mid-height of the specimen has been discussed. The variation of recompression index due to the dissipation of excess …

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Stress Dependence Of Sand Stiffness, D. C. F. Lo Presti, M. Jamiolkowski, O. Pallara, V. Pisciotta, S. Ture Apr 1995

Stress Dependence Of Sand Stiffness, D. C. F. Lo Presti, M. Jamiolkowski, O. Pallara, V. Pisciotta, S. Ture

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The stress dependence of the Young's modulus of two sands was studied with a computer controlled triaxial apparatus, capable of giving reliable measurements of the stiffness even at very small strains ≈ 0.001 %. It was therefore possible to determine the Young's modulus of the sands for a wide strain range, from very small to very large, up to 20 %. The tested sands were: a uniform fine quartz sand not containing fines (Toyoura sand- TOS), and a well graded coarse to medium carbonatic, crushable sand containing about 2% of fines (Quiou sand - QS). The specimens were reconstituted in …

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What Is The Maximum Depth Liquefaction Can Occur?, David Stewart, Ray Knox Apr 1995

What Is The Maximum Depth Liquefaction Can Occur?, David Stewart, Ray Knox

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Large subsided areas, especially those that intersect the water table, were among the more dramatic morphoseismic features produced by the great New Madrid earthquakes of 1811-12 in the central Mississippi River valley. Seismically induced liquefaction (SIL) with associated densification and/or lateral-movement of fluidized sediments is a well-documented factor in relatively small-scale subsidences not involving depths greater than 30 meters. Several of the sunk lands associated with the New Madrid series, such as Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, and Big Lake, Arkansas/Missouri, are quite large with areas of more than 200 square kilometers. If SIL was a significant factor in the subsidence of …

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Stress-Strain Relationships Of Sand After Liquefaction, S. Yasuda, N. Yoshida, T. Masuda, H. Nagase, H. Kiku Apr 1995

Stress-Strain Relationships Of Sand After Liquefaction, S. Yasuda, N. Yoshida, T. Masuda, H. Nagase, H. Kiku

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The stress-strain relationships of sand after liquefaction were studied by conducting torsional shear tests under several conditions. A prescribed number of cyclic loadings were applied first, then a monotonic loading was applied in undrained condition. The stress-strain relationships during the monotonic loading are discussed. The stress-strain curves were affected by excess pore pressure ratio, soil density, confining pressure and severity of liquefaction. The shear modulus decreased to less than 111000 due to liquefaction, and shear strain increased more than 10% with very low stress in the liquefied specimen. And, there exists a so called "reference strain at resistance transformation γ …

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Wall Movement Modes Dependent Dynamic Active Earth Pressure Analyses Using Cracked Element, Hiroshi Matsuzawa, Hemanta Hazarika, Masahiro Sugimura Apr 1995

Wall Movement Modes Dependent Dynamic Active Earth Pressure Analyses Using Cracked Element, Hiroshi Matsuzawa, Hemanta Hazarika, Masahiro Sugimura

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A numerical study is conducted to examine the dependency of the mode of movement of retaining wall on the dynamic earth pressure by using double shear band formulations. The active state has been defined to be at that stage when the backfill forms either a clear failure wedge or a banded zone. The results of the analyses have been compared with the experimental observations as well as with the classical theories. Failure pattern of the backfill is seen to be governed by the wall movement modes. In addition, the domain of the failure zone is found to increase with the …

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Lumped-Parameter Model And Nonlinear Dssi Analysis, Maotian Luan, Gao Lin, W. F. Chen Apr 1995

Lumped-Parameter Model And Nonlinear Dssi Analysis, Maotian Luan, Gao Lin, W. F. Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A 2-.degrees-of-freedom discrete model with 8 constant lumped parameters is developed to equivalently simulate frequency-dependent dynamic impedances of the elastic halfspace. The equations of motion for the nonlinear dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI) analysis are established in the time domain and then nonlinear seismic responses of the coupling system are predicted by the proposed iterative procedure. Based on numerical results for three typical shear-type structures, effects of the shear stiffness of underlying soils and different ground motions on dynamic responses are examined.

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Cyclic Mobility Effects On Soil-Pile Interaction In Dense Sand, F. Pelli, E. J. Parker, L. Conte, M. Bosoni Apr 1995

Cyclic Mobility Effects On Soil-Pile Interaction In Dense Sand, F. Pelli, E. J. Parker, L. Conte, M. Bosoni

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A methodology to evaluate the effects of earthquake-induced cyclic mobility in dense sand on the soil-pile interaction parameters is presented. The soil behavior under cyclic loading is defined based on the interpretation of consolidated-undrained cyclic triaxial tests on samples reconstituted to the in situ relative density and shear wave velocity. The stress distribution around the pile is determined analytically, and the softened zone is modelled by an annulus of softer soil. The application of this methodology for the design of three submerged-floating tunnels in the Messina straits, Italy, indicated that even in dense sand the foundation stiffness reduction can be …

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Settlement Of Shallow Foundation On Sand Due To Cyclic Loading, B. M. Das, S. C. Yen, G. Singh Apr 1995

Settlement Of Shallow Foundation On Sand Due To Cyclic Loading, B. M. Das, S. C. Yen, G. Singh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Laboratory model test results for the permanent settlement of a surface square foundation supported by a sand layer and subjected to a sustained static load superimposed by a cyclic load has been presented. Based on the model test results, the nature of variation of the permanent settlement of the foundation with the intensity of the static loading and the amplitude of the cyclic load intensity are presented.

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Prediction Of Non-Linear Pile Foundation Response To Vertical Vibration, Toyoaki Nogami, Hsiao-Lian Chen Apr 1995

Prediction Of Non-Linear Pile Foundation Response To Vertical Vibration, Toyoaki Nogami, Hsiao-Lian Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A rational and yet convenient approach is presented to account for the dynamic soil-pile interaction in the vertical vibration analysis of a nonlinear pile foundation. Once elastic soil properties and static complex unit load transfer curves are provided, the approach is capable of reproducing the dynamic and nonlinear conditions mutually coupled. The concept of the approach is verified by numerical analyses. The proposed approach is demonstrated for the prediction of vibration response of a selected pile foundation in the field. Both static load tests and vibration tests were conducted previously on this pile foundation. Inputs for the analysis are obtained …

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