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Case Studies — Pavement Of The Educator's Road, Richard Ray, Peter Scharle, Robert Szepesházi
Case Studies — Pavement Of The Educator's Road, Richard Ray, Peter Scharle, Robert Szepesházi
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
One of the lessons of educational strategies in geo-engineering is to inspire the students’ motivation by telling them how the geoengineer thinks and why is it worth attaining. The Geotechnical Triangle developed by Burland proved to be a useful conveyance to deliver essentials of the geo-engineers’ habit of mind. Slight extension of this simplex to a tetrahedron brings into the framework the construction technology, equivalent of importance with ground profile, observed behavior and appropriate model. Case histories retain their central role within this 3D simplex. In this perspective geo-engineering proves to be analogous with medicine where concepts such as symptom, …
Design Of Shallow Foundations For A Large Polysilicon Plant In China, Kul Bhushan, Ken Choudhary
Design Of Shallow Foundations For A Large Polysilicon Plant In China, Kul Bhushan, Ken Choudhary
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper presents the development of a shallow foundation system consisting of mat foundations for support of all structures including heavily loaded, settlement sensitive structures at a recently completed Polysilicon Plant in China. The site grading for the 700 by 700 m (2297 by 2297 ft) site included up to 15 m (49.2 ft) of fills and 18 m (59.1 ft) of cuts. The soil conditions consisted of native residual stiff clays overlying siltstone/mudstone and conglomerate bedrock. Soft soils were present in the canyon bottoms and at the contact between stiff soils and bedrock. Settlements of native soils and bedrock …
Determination Of In-Situ Stress At Desilting Chamber Of Punatsangchhu Hydroelectric Project (Bhutan), To Reconfirm Its Orientation Influenced By Topography — A Case Study, D. S. Subrahmanyam, S. Sengupta, R. K. Sinha, G. Shyam
Determination Of In-Situ Stress At Desilting Chamber Of Punatsangchhu Hydroelectric Project (Bhutan), To Reconfirm Its Orientation Influenced By Topography — A Case Study, D. S. Subrahmanyam, S. Sengupta, R. K. Sinha, G. Shyam
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Punatsangchhu Hydroelectric Project stage-I was conceptualized in Wangdue- Phodrang district of Bhutan for harnessing the hydro-power potentiality of Punatsangchhu River. Regionally the project area is located within a part of a gneissic terrain of Tethyan Belt of Bhutan Himalayas. The project envisages construction of 195m high concrete gravity dam across the river Punatsangchhu. For Desilting chamber and Powerhouse, it is always desirable to carry out in-situ stress measurement in such huge underground openings for designing of the support types. The stability of the underground cavern gets enhanced if the long axis of the cavern is oriented along or sub-parallel to …
Geosynthetic Reinforced Segmental Retaining Wall Failure: Forensic Investigation And Remediation, Rajaram Janardhanam, Migue A. Pando
Geosynthetic Reinforced Segmental Retaining Wall Failure: Forensic Investigation And Remediation, Rajaram Janardhanam, Migue A. Pando
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
At UNC Charlotte, the authors have used a retaining wall failure case history to cover the different modes of failure of retaining wall and to highlight the importance of global stability failure. Specifically, this case study has been used by the authors in undergraduate and graduate courses of geotechnical engineering to highlight the importance to include in the design process the assessment of global stability. The project is valuable to students due to wealth of data including field and laboratory site investigation, monitoring data from slope inclinometers, amongst other data. The students are presented with the initial design information including …
Geotechnical Challenges In Highway Engineering In Twenty First Century: Lessons From The Past Experiences And New Technologies, Abdul Aziz Khandker, Jeffrey T. Anagnostou, Purushottam Deo
Geotechnical Challenges In Highway Engineering In Twenty First Century: Lessons From The Past Experiences And New Technologies, Abdul Aziz Khandker, Jeffrey T. Anagnostou, Purushottam Deo
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The Transportation Authorities and Highway Engineers around the world are facing different types of challenges today than their counterparts in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These challenges include developing new highways and bridges as well as retrofitting of existing roads and bridges deteriorated due to aging or increased vehicle loading. Frequencies of deterioration of existing roads and imminent bridge failures forced many Highway Authorities to evaluate the existing roads and bridges and prioritize their retrofitting to comply with current specifications and future conditions. The new challenges of today include, but not limited to: a) Construction over poor foundation materials such …
Geotechnical Investigation At Barrage For Foundation Design At Nyamjang Chhu Hydro Power Project, Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh, India — A Case Study, Ram Bachan Shivali, Rakesh Mahajan
Geotechnical Investigation At Barrage For Foundation Design At Nyamjang Chhu Hydro Power Project, Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh, India — A Case Study, Ram Bachan Shivali, Rakesh Mahajan
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The Nyamjang Chhu Hydro Electric Project (780 MW) located in District Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh, India, proposes construction of a barrage across Nyamjang Chhu River for diversion of water for power generation. The diversion barrage comprises of gated spillway and sluiceway, head regulator, surface desanders and a collection pool cum tunnel intake. Geotechnical investigations for assessment of subsoil strata at barrage location and its evaluation for foundation design included drilling of 13 no boreholes totaling 551m. In-Situ permeability and standard penetration tests (SPT) were conducted in the boreholes along with Dynamic Core Penetration Test (DCPT) conducted adjacent to boreholes. Disturbed and …
Liquefaction Resistance Of Gravelly Soils, Michael R. Lewis, Ignacio Arango, Kenneth H. Stokoe Ii
Liquefaction Resistance Of Gravelly Soils, Michael R. Lewis, Ignacio Arango, Kenneth H. Stokoe Ii
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Liquefaction assessments of gravels and soils that contain a large gravel fraction are difficult. Undisturbed (intact) sampling of these soils is problematic and laboratory testing carried out on reconstituted samples or on frozen samples obtained from the field is time consuming, expensive, and interpretation of the results requires considerable judgment. Because of these and other issues, for a remote site in British Columbia, Canada (aka “Study Site”), it was decided to carry out the liquefaction potential assessment using existing published relationships and case history data on similar soils. This case history describes the approach utilized, including material mechanical properties, measured …
On Becoming A 21st Century Engineering Educator: Building Competencies And Acquiring Needed Skills, Waddah Akili
On Becoming A 21st Century Engineering Educator: Building Competencies And Acquiring Needed Skills, Waddah Akili
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The paper explores ways to effective professional development of junior engineering educators, to enable them to assume the roles they are entrusted with. The purpose here is to offer a new way to think about the development of the professional engineering educator. The paper focuses on:(i) the cognitive processes that faculty would tend to follow as they learn more about teaching, (ii) the discipline-based industrial/practical experience they need to acquire to add to their repertoire as “practitioners”, and (iii) the institutional initiatives, including: administrative support, and resources. What is needed is a change in culture within the institution, i.e., the …
Performance Monitoring Of A Bridge Abutment Spread Footing From Construction Through Service, Derrick Dasenbrock, Aaron Budge, Bryan Field, Daniel Mattison
Performance Monitoring Of A Bridge Abutment Spread Footing From Construction Through Service, Derrick Dasenbrock, Aaron Budge, Bryan Field, Daniel Mattison
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The use of spread footings over compressible soils is becoming more common for Minnesota Department of Transportation bridges as technologies improve to better predict, mitigate, and evaluate settlement. In August of 2011 the north abutment of a new bridge crossing I-494 was constructed over compressible soils following a soil fill preload, designed to reduce the foundation settlement from several inches to less than one inch, to meet project requirements. Spread footing foundations are seldom outfitted with instrumentation; adequate performance is frequently assumed based on the decision to use shallow foundations. Here, a monitoring plan was developed to validate the preloading …
Planning And Implementation Of A Mega Geotechnical Engineering Project In Singapore, Myint Win Bo, A. Arulrajan
Planning And Implementation Of A Mega Geotechnical Engineering Project In Singapore, Myint Win Bo, A. Arulrajan
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Implementation of mega geotechnical engineering projects requires a systematic approach and detailed planning. A mega land reclamation and ground improvement project which consists of various components of geotechnical engineering applications was planned and implemented in the Republic of Singapore from 1990 till 2005, a total period of one and a half decades. Due to the extensive ground improvement required to treat the underlying highly compressible soil, with the presence of highly variable ground profile and ground conditions due to the natural geological process, a detailed ground investigation was necessary. This was furthermore necessary due to the importance of various critical …
Recorded Bedrock Motions And Site Effects Evaluation In Tehran City, Reza Behrou, Ali Komak Panah, Mohammad Reza Ghayamghamian
Recorded Bedrock Motions And Site Effects Evaluation In Tehran City, Reza Behrou, Ali Komak Panah, Mohammad Reza Ghayamghamian
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
In this paper, the results of theoretical analyses related to the evaluation of site effects in Tehran city, the capital of Iran, are presented. To evaluate the response of site, recorded bedrock motions in BHRC (Building and Housing Research Center) acceleration stations at Tehran city were used as bedrock input motion. These motions were recorded during Firozabad-Kojour (2004) earthquake (Ms=6.4), which occurred near Tehran city. Equivalent linear analysis was performed to evaluate the seismic response of each selected geotechnical and geophysical profile subjected to the scaled 475-year bedrock input motion. The results are presented in terms of site response spectrum …
Students As Forensic Engineers: An Innovative Approach To Teaching Soil Mechanics, Benoît Courcelles, Lina Forest, Anastassis Kozanitis
Students As Forensic Engineers: An Innovative Approach To Teaching Soil Mechanics, Benoît Courcelles, Lina Forest, Anastassis Kozanitis
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Civil engineers are everyday faced with multidisciplinary problems. Their tasks are not only related to technical aspects, but also involve ethical and environmental issues, economic considerations and, nowadays, international collaborations. This broad spectrum of aspects requires a strong technical knowledge, as well as many interpersonal skills and an interest in societal related issues. When traditional courses are simply adapted to the development of technical competences, introducing students to non-technical (although civil engineering-related) aspects remains a challenge. To remediate to this difficulty, an innovative approach was implemented in the undergraduate course of Soil Mechanics at Polytechnique Montreal. The originality of our …
Supporting Tunnelling Excavation Of An Unstable Slope By Long Term Displacement Monitoring, Francesca Bozzano, Paolo Mazzanti, Alberto Prestininzi
Supporting Tunnelling Excavation Of An Unstable Slope By Long Term Displacement Monitoring, Francesca Bozzano, Paolo Mazzanti, Alberto Prestininzi
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A complex multi-sensor monitoring platform for the continuous control of an unstable slope affected by tunneling excavation, was realized between 2007 and 2008 after the first collapse of an already built tunnel entrance. The monitoring system was made of some inclinometric and piezometric sensors up to 70 m deep, a topographic system, a Terrestrial SAR Interferometer, a weather station, a photocamera and some load cells installed on bulkheads anchors. The continuous monitoring of the slope during different working phases (planning of stabilization works, realization of stabilizations works and tunneling excavation) allowed us to continuously control the slope behaviour, thus guaranteeing …
The Initiative Of The Hellenic Society For Soil Mechanics And Geotechnical Engineering To Support The Development Of Case Studies Suitable For Instruction & A Slope Stability Example, George Belokas, George Dounias, Marina Pantazidou, Christos Tsatsanifos
The Initiative Of The Hellenic Society For Soil Mechanics And Geotechnical Engineering To Support The Development Of Case Studies Suitable For Instruction & A Slope Stability Example, George Belokas, George Dounias, Marina Pantazidou, Christos Tsatsanifos
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The ultimate goal of this article is to promote the collection of case studies suitable for geotechnical instruction by (a) proposing a way of supporting development of such cases through incentives and (b) providing an example of a suitable case study and the necessary accompanying material. The support structure proposed is the initiative of the Hellenic Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (HSSMGE) to establish a competition for case studies appropriate for geotechnical instruction and award a prize at its Geotechnical Conference. The paper includes the evaluation criteria and case study specifications of the competition, which highlight the characteristics …
Use Of The Observational Method To Verify Design Of Earth Retention Structures, Timothy H. Bedenis, Christopher G. Naida
Use Of The Observational Method To Verify Design Of Earth Retention Structures, Timothy H. Bedenis, Christopher G. Naida
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Two case histories are presented for earth retention structures where the results of construction monitoring were used to verify key criteria used for the design of the structures. One case history consists of a sheet-pile bulkhead structure for the unloading of bulk aggregate products in Bay City, Michigan. The front wall of the sheet-pile bulkhead was analyzed for heavy surcharge pressures from the adjacent aggregate stockpiles. The sheet-piles are laterally supported by sheet-pile deadman and tierods. Slope indicator tubes were used to monitor lateral movements next to the sheet-piles. The results from the slope indicators were then used to verify …
Using Local Case Histories In Undergraduate Teaching, Andrew T. Rose
Using Local Case Histories In Undergraduate Teaching, Andrew T. Rose
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
One of the challenges of civil engineering practice in central and western Pennsylvania, as well as neighboring states is the variety of geotechnical problems encountered when trying to develop or improve a given site. Slope stability issues, mine subsidence, expansive soils and slag fills, and karst landforms are some of the more common geotechnical problems that might be encountered at a given site. While undergraduate courses and supporting textbooks generally cover the basic principles of geotechnical engineering, time and reference materials necessary to cover some of the specific geotechnical problems commonly encountered in local professional practice are often not available. …
An Experimental Study Of The Drained Capacity Of Bucket Foundations For Offshore Applications, Lars Bo Ibsen, Amin Barari, Kim André Larsen
An Experimental Study Of The Drained Capacity Of Bucket Foundations For Offshore Applications, Lars Bo Ibsen, Amin Barari, Kim André Larsen
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Today, wind energy offers the most competitive production prices for renewable energy. Therefore there are strong political and industrial forces, especially in northern Europe, which support the development of the offshore wind industry. The present paper presents the results of drained tests on offshore bucket foundations for wind turbines in saturated dense sand. The bearing capacity of bucket foundations subject to combined loadings which are of interest particularly to the offshore geotechnical engineers, were calculated and found to be largely dependent on embedment ratios and load paths. Based on the results of the analyses, new failure criteria are calibrated for …
Case Study Of The Soil-Structure Interaction Response Of Embedded Structures With Varying Backfill Soil Properties, Lisa M. Anderson, Luis M. Moreschi
Case Study Of The Soil-Structure Interaction Response Of Embedded Structures With Varying Backfill Soil Properties, Lisa M. Anderson, Luis M. Moreschi
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) analysis is the study of the dynamic response of a structure as influenced by the interaction with the surrounding soil. The SSI response is sensitive to the characteristics of the soil, structures, and ground motion, as well as the depth of embedment. Availability of soil dynamic properties is, therefore, of paramount importance for performing such SSI analysis. However, detailed soil information and associated engineering properties may not always be available at the beginning of a project. Therefore, the analyst may rely on simplified yet conservative methodologies to estimate the dynamic response of the coupled soilstructure system to …
Comparison Between Dynamic Responses Of Hollow And Solid Piles For Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations, M. Bayat, Lars Vabbersgaard Andersen, Lars Bo Ibsen
Comparison Between Dynamic Responses Of Hollow And Solid Piles For Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations, M. Bayat, Lars Vabbersgaard Andersen, Lars Bo Ibsen
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The offshore wind energy industry is turning out ever larger numbers of offshore wind turbines every year. One way to achieve a cost-effective design is to have a better understanding of the dynamic response of offshore structures. That is why it is getting more and more important to understand the dynamic behavior of soil and interaction between soil and piles. To avert damage to offshore foundation, it becomes necessary to identify and quantify the soil-structure interaction and the related damping effects on the system. In this study, a single pile is investigated by means of boundary integral equations. The pile …
Design And Performance Of Shallow Foundations Over Diagenetic Limestone Along The Arab Gulf Coast: Realities And Challenges, Waddah Akili
Design And Performance Of Shallow Foundations Over Diagenetic Limestone Along The Arab Gulf Coast: Realities And Challenges, Waddah Akili
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The near surface, highly weathered limestones of the southern shores of the Arab Gulf region have complex lithologies attributable to post depositional changes that have altered hard rocks into soils and some carbonate soils into a rock matrix. The matrix, often clayey, sometimes cemented (with gypsum, anhydrite, and /or calcite grains) is not a rock nor could be considered as a soil per se. These deposits are: difficult to sample in the undisturbed state, extremely variable in composition and properties, and are susceptible to degradation, particularly when wet. The paper presents typical geotechnical information from selected sites where these deposits …
Differential Settlement Of Foundations On Loess, Dušan Milović, Mitar Djogo
Differential Settlement Of Foundations On Loess, Dušan Milović, Mitar Djogo
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Experience gained during several decades shows that the loess soil in some cases undergoes structural collapse and subsidence due to inundation and that in some other cases the sensitivity of loess to the collapse is considerably less pronounced. In this paper the behaviour of three 12 story buildings A, B and C, of the same static system and the identical shapes have been analyzed. The measurement of settlements of building A over a period of 10 years indicate that the values were situated between the limits 9 cm to 13 cm, and that they are larger than the calculated values, …
Differential Settlement Problem Of A Large Apartment Building In Bogotá, Cause And Solution, Marcela Q. Salcedo, Luis Fernando R. Orozco
Differential Settlement Problem Of A Large Apartment Building In Bogotá, Cause And Solution, Marcela Q. Salcedo, Luis Fernando R. Orozco
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Foundation analysis for any structure is based primarily on the results of the soil exploration and testing, but there are other sources of information which must be studied carefully and thoroughly, depending on the zone where the project is to be located. This paper deals with a condominium of three large apartments buildings which were constructed at a site on the foothill of the eastern mountains of the city of Bogotá. The soil borings showed the existence of a uniform gravel stratum at a depth of 29 m., but the truth was different and its analysis more complex than was …
Differential Settlements Of Cylindrical Steel Storage Tanks: Case Of The Marine Terminal Of Bejaia, Bahar Ramdane, Sadaoui Omar, Amzal Djahid
Differential Settlements Of Cylindrical Steel Storage Tanks: Case Of The Marine Terminal Of Bejaia, Bahar Ramdane, Sadaoui Omar, Amzal Djahid
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The marine terminal of Bejaia is a zone of storage of hydrocarbon liquids. It consists of sixteen cylindrical floating roof steel tanks founded on a reconstituted and compacted granular fill. At the end of 1980s, after about 25 years of satisfactory service, the tanks were subjected to settlements, ovalization and tilting. Because of a distortion of the steel tank walls and jamming of the floating roof, a shear failure was evident and some tanks were considered unsafe for service. A comprehensive geotechnical investigation was conducted to evaluate the subsurface conditions of the site and to provide recommendations for foundation repair …
Full-Scale Load Testing Of 57-Year Old Raymond Piles For Foundation Re-Use, Vishnu Diyaljee
Full-Scale Load Testing Of 57-Year Old Raymond Piles For Foundation Re-Use, Vishnu Diyaljee
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The proposed reconstruction of a demolished coke battery superstructure of a steel mill to a level higher than originally constructed in 1952 required the evaluation of the geotechnical resistance and settlement characteristics of its existing foundation piles. Except for design drawings showing the layout of the substructure elements and the borehole logs, there were neither as-built drawings nor any records available about the design and construction of the piles. A total of nine (9) axial compressive load tests were initially undertaken. Two (2) 19 ft long piles were initially tested under the pusher tracks, and a further seven (7) piles …
Geotechnical Issues Associated With The Design And Construction Of The Middle River Bridge, Vishnu Diyaljee
Geotechnical Issues Associated With The Design And Construction Of The Middle River Bridge, Vishnu Diyaljee
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The existing short single span, single lane, concrete bridge constructed in 1930 across the Middle River in the Town of Mc Kellar, Ontario required replacement as a result of age and sub-standard approach roadway geometrics. In 1986, a geotechnical investigation was undertaken to upgrade the existing bridge. This investigation was undertaken primarily within the river since the new bridge structure was contemplated on an alignment with improved geometrics. The proposed structure was designed but was never constructed. In 2009, the need for a new structure was revived with the idea of placing it on the existing alignment with minor alignment …
Ground Heave Due To Jet Grouting Near An Existing Structure, Federico Pinto, Gary M. O’Neil, Amy D. Apfelbaum, Andrew J. Whittle
Ground Heave Due To Jet Grouting Near An Existing Structure, Federico Pinto, Gary M. O’Neil, Amy D. Apfelbaum, Andrew J. Whittle
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Renovations of the MBTA Copley Station in Boston included construction of a new elevator shaft to improve disabled access to the existing Green Line station. The site is immediately adjacent to the Eastern façade of the historic Old South Church. The construction work required excavation support including a perimeter secant pile wall and a jet-grouted base plug. Significant ground and structural movements were observed during jet grouting, mainly associated with soil displacements during grout injection. A three dimensional numerical model was developed, using the Plaxis 3D Foundation™ program, in order to test the hypothesis that the observed movements of the …
Repair Of Sunken Floor By Integrated Approach: A Case Study, P. K. Jain, Rakesh Kumar
Repair Of Sunken Floor By Integrated Approach: A Case Study, P. K. Jain, Rakesh Kumar
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The floors and non load bearing walls of a house, having expansive black cotton soil underneath, have been repaired by two methods. A part of the damaged house floors and walls were repaired by the conventional method i.e. removing the expansive soil completely and replacing with non expansive granular material. The remaining part was repaired by integrated approach as described later by Jain and Mewade (2010). The Jain and Mewade (2010) approach consists of removing the expansive soil underneath the damaged floor by about 0.5m, making 50mm diameter, 1m deep holes at 0.75m centre to centre and filling lime slurry …
Seismic Retrofit Of 92/280 I/C Foundations By Micropile Groups In San Francisco Bay Area, California, Mahmood Momenzadeh, Tung Nguyen, Phil Lutz, Tim Pokrywka, Chris Risen
Seismic Retrofit Of 92/280 I/C Foundations By Micropile Groups In San Francisco Bay Area, California, Mahmood Momenzadeh, Tung Nguyen, Phil Lutz, Tim Pokrywka, Chris Risen
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The Route 92/280 interchange (I/C) connectors are the latest major bridge structures to be retrofitted in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States. The presence of poor quality rocks and high groundwater due to the proximity of the San Andreas Fault at this site combined with low overhead of the connectors superstructure at some of the existing bents led to the use of micropile foundation system instead of a conventional Cast in Drill Hole (CIDH) pile system. The existing CIDH foundations were retrofitted at 5 bents by micropile group with very heavy column steel reinforcement additions and 11 bent …
Underpinning Using Micropiles For Fragile Building Adjacent To Deep Excavation In Manhattan, New York, Chu Ho, Adrian Pena-Iguaran
Underpinning Using Micropiles For Fragile Building Adjacent To Deep Excavation In Manhattan, New York, Chu Ho, Adrian Pena-Iguaran
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A deep excavation was to be carried out adjacent to a fragile building in weak ground. An underpinning scheme utilizing 250kips capacity micropiles socketed into the bedrock was designed to provide stability to the building during the excavation. In adopting the micropile system, the interior of the basement had to be retrofitted with a new reinforced concrete structural system of walls, slabs and beams to provide rigid framing for transfer of loads between the existing structural walls and the new micropiles. The micropiles were installed from inside the basement of the adjacent building under low headroom conditions. A preliminary load …
Use Of Liquid Limit And Dry Density Test Method For Collapsible Soil Identification, Mehdi Khalili Noutash, Masoud Hajialilue Bonab, Mehrad Khalili Noutash
Use Of Liquid Limit And Dry Density Test Method For Collapsible Soil Identification, Mehdi Khalili Noutash, Masoud Hajialilue Bonab, Mehrad Khalili Noutash
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
One of the most recognized geotechnical hazard which causes dramatic life lost and serious damages to different structures, are the collapsible soils under the foundation of structures. This problem becomes more critical when water is seeped or induced to the soil structure because collapsible soils are metastable and they have an open structure Khoda Afarin main canal is a major conveyance canal which is located and is under construction in Moghan and Khoda Afarin region pass throw East Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces in IRAN. Presence of collapsible soils in some portion of this canal bed has brought the necessity of …