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Articles 1051 - 1080 of 17246
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Flexural Strength Of (Hf,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr)B2–(Hf,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr)C High-Entropy Dual-Phase Ceramics, Rubia Hassan, William G. Fahrenholtz, Gregory E. Hilmas, Jeremy Watts
Flexural Strength Of (Hf,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr)B2–(Hf,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr)C High-Entropy Dual-Phase Ceramics, Rubia Hassan, William G. Fahrenholtz, Gregory E. Hilmas, Jeremy Watts
Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The room and elevated temperature flexural strengths were measured for (Hf,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr)B2–(Hf,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr)C high-entropy dual-phase ceramics. The fracture of ceramics originated from two distinct flaw populations that were either surface defects introduced during specimen preparation or volume defects introduced during processing. The average strength at room temperature was 638 ± 94 MPa with individual bars strengths as high as ∼800 MPa. At 1800°C, average strength increased to 786 ± 265 MPa with individual bar strengths as high as ∼1050 MPa. Above 1800°C, creep dominated resulting in deformation of the bars without fracture. The fracture mode changed from completely trans granular at room …
Roadmap To 100 Gwdc: Scientific And Supply Chain Challenges For Cdte Photovoltaics, B. Edward Sartor, Samantha B. Reese, Lorelle M. Mansfield, Ryan Muzzio, Chun Sheng Jiang, Eric Colegrove, John S. Mangum, Camden L. Kasik, Daniel Z. Shaw, James R. Sites, Ramesh G. Dhere, Alex B. Goldstone, Michael S. Moats
Roadmap To 100 Gwdc: Scientific And Supply Chain Challenges For Cdte Photovoltaics, B. Edward Sartor, Samantha B. Reese, Lorelle M. Mansfield, Ryan Muzzio, Chun Sheng Jiang, Eric Colegrove, John S. Mangum, Camden L. Kasik, Daniel Z. Shaw, James R. Sites, Ramesh G. Dhere, Alex B. Goldstone, Michael S. Moats
Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This roadmap highlights pathways to expand the CdTe module manufacturing capacity per year to 100 GWDC by 2030 by improving Te extraction from existing supply chains, minimizing Te usage in modules by leveraging thinner absorbers, and focusing research efforts in key areas to improve module efficiencies. Both scientific and supply chain innovations will be necessary to maintain the high compound annual growth rate of the CdTe photovoltaic (PV) industry and cement its role as a key technology for multi-TW-scale PV deployment.
Ms-Yolo: Infrared Object Detection For Edge Deployment Via Mobilenetv4 And Slideloss, Jiali Zhang, Thomas S. White, Haoliang Zhang, Wenqing Hu, Donald C. Wunsch, Jian Liu
Ms-Yolo: Infrared Object Detection For Edge Deployment Via Mobilenetv4 And Slideloss, Jiali Zhang, Thomas S. White, Haoliang Zhang, Wenqing Hu, Donald C. Wunsch, Jian Liu
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Infrared imaging has emerged as a robust solution for urban object detection under low-light and adverse weather conditions, offering significant advantages over traditional visible-light cameras. However, challenges such as class imbalance, thermal noise, and computational constraints can significantly hinder model performance in practical settings. To address these issues, we evaluate multiple YOLO variants on the FLIR ADAS V2 dataset, ultimately selecting YOLOv8 as our baseline due to its balanced accuracy and efficiency. Building on this foundation, we present MS-YOLO (MobileNetv4 and SlideLoss based on YOLO), which replaces YOLOv8's CSPDarknet backbone with the more efficient MobileNetV4, reducing computational overhead by 1.5% …
Effective Approaches To The Dynamical Properties Of Two Distinguishable Bose Polarons, F. Theel, S. I. Mistakidis, P. Schmelcher
Effective Approaches To The Dynamical Properties Of Two Distinguishable Bose Polarons, F. Theel, S. I. Mistakidis, P. Schmelcher
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We explore effective approaches for describing the dynamics of induced interactions among two noninteracting distinguishable impurities (Bose polarons) when their couplings to the host species are switched on. First, we evaluate the time-dependent characteristics of each polaron through reduced single-particle models. Their validity is ultimately judged by comparing them to observables obtained within a many-body variational approach. We argue that utilizing a time-dependent optimization process with the effective mass and frequency being fitting parameters leads to an accurate matching on the level of one-body observables with the prediction of the many-body method. Next, we construct two-body effective models, which, in …
Two-Component Droplet Phases And Their Spectral Stability In One Dimension, E. G. Charalampidis, S. I. Mistakidis
Two-Component Droplet Phases And Their Spectral Stability In One Dimension, E. G. Charalampidis, S. I. Mistakidis
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We unravel the existence and stability properties of one-dimensional droplets arising in genuine two-component particle-imbalanced bosonic mixtures under the influence of a weak harmonic confinement. A plethora of miscible droplet phases is found with the majority component atoms in the vicinity of the minority ones assembling in a droplet configuration, while the remaining excess atoms are in the gas state. Our computations identify a transition from a bound to a trapped gas many-body state for increasing total atom number and fixed interactions, with the bound character being prolonged for stronger intercomponent attractions. The spectral stability of these two-component droplets is …
Momentum Imaging Of Electrons And Recoil Ions From Anion-Neutral Interactions In A Cryogenic Ion Storage Ring, F. Herrmann, W. Zhang, M. Schulz, D. V. Chicharro, A. Dorn, M. Grieser, F. Grussie, H. Kreckel, O. Novotny, F. Trost, A. Wolf, T. Pfeifer, C. D. Schröter
Momentum Imaging Of Electrons And Recoil Ions From Anion-Neutral Interactions In A Cryogenic Ion Storage Ring, F. Herrmann, W. Zhang, M. Schulz, D. V. Chicharro, A. Dorn, M. Grieser, F. Grussie, H. Kreckel, O. Novotny, F. Trost, A. Wolf, T. Pfeifer, C. D. Schröter
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We have momentum-analyzed electrons and recoil ions in triple coincidence with projectiles neutralized in 300-keV Si-+Ar collisions. The experiment was performed at a cryogenic ion storage ring with an in-ring reaction microscope. Differential momentum distributions for detachment with simultaneous target ionization were obtained. At more than 15% of the detachment-only rate the ionization rate is surprisingly large. A correlated two-electron channel is found to be dominant. This is also unexpected because the projectile energy is well below the threshold for the correlated process.
Elucidating The Role Of Hydrogen At C-In2o3/A-In2o3−X Interface, Julia E. Medvedeva, Mariana I. Bertoni
Elucidating The Role Of Hydrogen At C-In2o3/A-In2o3−X Interface, Julia E. Medvedeva, Mariana I. Bertoni
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and hybrid functional electronic structure calculations are employed to determine the formation, the structural and electronic properties, and the dynamics of covalent (In-OH) and ionic (In-H-In) hydrogen defects at crystalline-In2O3/amorphous-In2O3−x interface. This comprehensive computational study considers (i) various interstitial and substitutional hydrogen site locations within the crystalline, amorphous, and interfacial regions; (ii) several oxygen-to-hydrogen ratios; and (iii) possible defect charged states. The results reveal hydrogen's inability to fully passivate the undercoordinated under-shared in atoms in amorphous highly substoichiometric oxide, giving rise to the formation of deep electron traps even in net-charge neutral structures. These trap …
Amplitude Mode At The Superfluid-Insulator Transition On A Random Lattice, Pulloor Kuttanikkad Vishnu, Rajesh Narayanan, Thomas Vojta
Amplitude Mode At The Superfluid-Insulator Transition On A Random Lattice, Pulloor Kuttanikkad Vishnu, Rajesh Narayanan, Thomas Vojta
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We study the superfluid-insulator quantum phase transition of interacting bosons by means of large-scale Monte Carlo simulations in the presence of both topological and generic quenched disorders. Recent work has demonstrated that the amplitude mode at this transition broadens and localizes in the presence of dilution disorder, whereas it remains a well-defined delocalized excitation for topological (connectivity) disorder. Here, we analyze the crossover between systems with purely topological disorder and systems with additional bond randomness to disentangle the roles that disorder and interactions play for amplitude mode localization. Specifically, we analyze the scalar susceptibility and its spectral density on both …
The Organization Of Serotonergic Fibers In The Pacific Angelshark Brain: Neuroanatomical And Supercomputing Analyses, Skirmantas Janušonis, Ralf Metzler, Thomas Vojta
The Organization Of Serotonergic Fibers In The Pacific Angelshark Brain: Neuroanatomical And Supercomputing Analyses, Skirmantas Janušonis, Ralf Metzler, Thomas Vojta
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Serotonergic axons (fibers) are a universal feature of all vertebrate brains. They form meshworks, typically quantified with regional density measurements, and appear to support neuroplasticity. The self-organization of this system remains poorly understood, partly because of the strong stochasticity of individual fiber trajectories. In an extension to our previous analyses of the mouse brain, serotonergic fibers were investigated in the brain of the Pacific angel shark (Squatina californica), a representative of a unique (ray-like) lineage of the squalomorph sharks. First, the fundamental cytoarchitecture of the angel shark brain was examined, including the expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1, …
The Kinetics Of Shj Degradation: Time And Stressor Dependent Chemical Analysis And Simulation, Nicholas Moser-Mancewicz, Jorge Ochoa, Michael Martinez-Szewczyk, Thomas Bantle, Dana Kern, Dirk Jordan, Steve Johnston, Julia E. Medvedeva, Mariana Bertoni
The Kinetics Of Shj Degradation: Time And Stressor Dependent Chemical Analysis And Simulation, Nicholas Moser-Mancewicz, Jorge Ochoa, Michael Martinez-Szewczyk, Thomas Bantle, Dana Kern, Dirk Jordan, Steve Johnston, Julia E. Medvedeva, Mariana Bertoni
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Despite record efficiencies, the wide adoption of silicon heterojunction is hampered by higher costs and uncertainties in long-term performance. Although recent publications report performance loss rates comparable to other field-deployed cSi technologies, the limited availability of field data and the dispersion in performance degradation results - particularly in open-circuit voltage - remain significant concerns. Various factors, including bulk and interfacial defects, charge carrier recombination dynamics, and environmental stressors such as temperature and humidity, contribute to this degradation. Understanding the mechanisms behind the open circuit voltage degradation as well as the kinetics involved is essential for developing mitigation strategies that enhance …
Students’ Perceptions Of Self And Peers Predict Self-Reports Of Cheating, Amber M. Henslee, Luke Settles, Sara E. Johnson, Gayla R. Olbricht
Students’ Perceptions Of Self And Peers Predict Self-Reports Of Cheating, Amber M. Henslee, Luke Settles, Sara E. Johnson, Gayla R. Olbricht
Psychological Science Faculty Research & Creative Works
Academic dishonesty and how to address it are common concerns across higher education disciplines, but engineering students admit to higher rates of academic dishonesty than other students. However, first-year students may be particularly receptive to prevention efforts. Considering self-perception, social norming, and behavioral choice theories, we hypothesized that 1.) Students who perceived themself as ethical and more knowledgeable of the consequences for misconduct would be less likely to self-report cheating and 2.) Students who perceived cheating and plagiarism to be common would be more likely to self-report cheating. For this study, freshmen engineering students (N=703) reported their self-perception, perception of …
Balance Assistance Without Mechanical Support Using A Virtual Cane With Haptic Feedback, Sindhu Reddy Alluri, Sambad Regmi, Fazlur Rashid, Devin Michael Burns, Yun Seong Song
Balance Assistance Without Mechanical Support Using A Virtual Cane With Haptic Feedback, Sindhu Reddy Alluri, Sambad Regmi, Fazlur Rashid, Devin Michael Burns, Yun Seong Song
Psychological Science Faculty Research & Creative Works
Light Touch (LT) has been known to improve standing balance without mechanical support by providing sensory information about the movement of the body. Inspired by this, this work developed a Virtual Cane (VC) which gives no physical support but provides other sensory information that a physical cane would. The VC is developed with a distance sensor and vibration actuators to provide cane tip-to-ground distance information to the user. The extent to which this haptic feedback improves standing balance was assessed in a human experiment. 10 healthy young participants underwent a standing balance experiment with tandem stance and eyes closed, using …
Popular Music And Movies As Autobiographical Memory Cues, Julien Hanson, Jessica Frame, Elena Bai, Kendra Mehl, Kelly Jakubowski, Amy M. Belfi
Popular Music And Movies As Autobiographical Memory Cues, Julien Hanson, Jessica Frame, Elena Bai, Kendra Mehl, Kelly Jakubowski, Amy M. Belfi
Psychological Science Faculty Research & Creative Works
Research on music-evoked autobiographical memories has grown rapidly in recent years, suggesting that music can be an effective stimulus for cueing memories from one's life. One challenging aspect of this type of research is creating a stimulus set that is effective at cueing autobiographical memories in a wide range of individuals. The present work sought to address this issue by creating a normed stimulus set of popular music and popular movie cues. In addition to this methodological aim, we had an empirical aim to identify differences between autobiographical memories cued by music and movies. Participants (N = 248) either listened …
How Do Human And Ai Gender Bias Interact In Hiring Decisions?, Eyuel Getahun, Daniel Burton Shank, Casey I. Canfield, Jessica L. Cundiff, Jenny L. Davis, Celia Freed
How Do Human And Ai Gender Bias Interact In Hiring Decisions?, Eyuel Getahun, Daniel Burton Shank, Casey I. Canfield, Jessica L. Cundiff, Jenny L. Davis, Celia Freed
Psychological Science Faculty Research & Creative Works
The hiring process is crucial for organizational success but has long been troubled by human biases. Many organizations now include AI in their hiring protocols to mitigate these biases and increase efficiency. However, AI itself can have biases baked-in. Human biases and AI biases are distinct but related; here, we examine how human and AI biases interact to affect hiring outcomes. Through an online experiment, we examine this question in the context of gendered hiring for a male-dominated leadership position in electrical engineering. The study tests how elevated and depressed AI recommendations for male and female job candidates affect participant …
Comparison Of Cnn And Lstm Networks On Human Intention Prediction In Physical Human-Robot Interactions, Khosro Ghorbani Zadeh, Niloofar Zendehdel, George L. Holmes, Keyri Moreno Bonnett, Amy Costa, Devin Michael Burns, Ming-Chuan Leu, Yun Seong Song
Comparison Of Cnn And Lstm Networks On Human Intention Prediction In Physical Human-Robot Interactions, Khosro Ghorbani Zadeh, Niloofar Zendehdel, George L. Holmes, Keyri Moreno Bonnett, Amy Costa, Devin Michael Burns, Ming-Chuan Leu, Yun Seong Song
Psychological Science Faculty Research & Creative Works
Advancements in robotics and AI have increased the demand for interactive robots in healthcare and assistive applications. However, ensuring safe and effective physical human-robot interactions (pHRIs) remains challenging due to the sophistication of human motor communication and intent recognition. Traditional physics-based models struggle to capture the dynamic nature of human force interactions, limiting robot adaptability. To address these limitations, neural networks (NNs) have been explored for force-movement intention prediction. While multi-layer perceptron (MLP) networks show potential, they struggle with temporal dependencies and generalization. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks effectively model sequential dependencies, while Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) enhance spatial feature …
Identification Of A Serine Protease Involved In Spinosad Degradation In The Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes Aegypti, Hongxiao Yu, Caixia Peng, Zhaohui Chen, Jie Li, Yunqi Li, Xiaojing Zhu, Yuqi Huang, Linlong Jiang, Pablo Sobrado, Jianqiang Lan, Yingying Guo, Qian Han
Identification Of A Serine Protease Involved In Spinosad Degradation In The Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes Aegypti, Hongxiao Yu, Caixia Peng, Zhaohui Chen, Jie Li, Yunqi Li, Xiaojing Zhu, Yuqi Huang, Linlong Jiang, Pablo Sobrado, Jianqiang Lan, Yingying Guo, Qian Han
Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works
Spinosad is a widely used insecticide effective in controlling Aedes aegypti populations, but the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance remain poorly understood. This study explores the role of a serine protease, AeaSP (AAEL002624), in the potential detoxification ability of spinosad. Our results showed the crude protein of Ae. aegypti degraded approximately 48% of spinosad in vitro within 1 h; based on our previous research, AeaSP was believed to be potentially involved in the degradation of spinosad. Subsequently, AeaSP was recombinantly expressed in vitro, and its enzymatic activity was tested using BAEE as a substrate, with a Michaelis constant (KM) of 0.88 …
A New Paradigm For The Supramolecular Structure Of Laterally Offset Diarenes: Polymorphs Ii Of Para-Substituted Acetophenone Azines, Yp.Ph.(Me)C.N.N.C(Me).Ph.Yp (Y = Cl, Br, Ch3), Harmeet Bhoday, Kaidi Yang, Steven P. Kelley, Rainer Glaser
A New Paradigm For The Supramolecular Structure Of Laterally Offset Diarenes: Polymorphs Ii Of Para-Substituted Acetophenone Azines, Yp.Ph.(Me)C.N.N.C(Me).Ph.Yp (Y = Cl, Br, Ch3), Harmeet Bhoday, Kaidi Yang, Steven P. Kelley, Rainer Glaser
Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works
The crystal structures of polymorphs II of acetophenone azines YpPhRCNNCRPhYp with R = CH3 and Y = Cl (1M), Br (2M), and CH3 (8M) are discussed. The azine molecules in polymorphs II are Ci-symmetric with trans-azine moieties and conrotatory phenyl twists. Polymorphs 1M-I and 2M-I contain C2-symmetric enantiomers with pronounced azine twists and disrotatory phenyl twists and allow for strong lateral double T-contacts. The three polymorphs II exemplify the new Paradigm IV for the supramolecular architectures of "laterally offset diarenes" and result in "shiplap/flat" idioteloamphiphile monolayers. Intralayer lateral attraction is provided by edge-to-face arene-arene contacts …
Echopulse: Ecg Controlled Echocardiograms Video Generation, Yiwei Li, Sekeun Kim, Zihao Wu, Hanqi Jiang, Yi Pan, Pengfei Jin, Sifan Song, Yucheng Shi, Xiaowei Yu, Tianze Yang, Tianming Liu, Quanzheng Li, Xiang Li
Echopulse: Ecg Controlled Echocardiograms Video Generation, Yiwei Li, Sekeun Kim, Zihao Wu, Hanqi Jiang, Yi Pan, Pengfei Jin, Sifan Song, Yucheng Shi, Xiaowei Yu, Tianze Yang, Tianming Liu, Quanzheng Li, Xiang Li
Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works
Echocardiography (ECHO) is essential for cardiac assessments, but its video quality and interpretation heavily rely on manual expertise, leading to inconsistent results from clinical and portable devices. ECHO video generation offers a solution by improving automated monitoring through synthetic data and generating high-quality videos from routine health data. However, existing models often face high computational costs, slow inference, and rely on complex conditional prompts that require experts' annotations. To address these challenges, we propose ECHOPulse, an ECG-conditioned ECHO video generation model. ECHOPulse introduces two key advancements: (1) it accelerates ECHO video generation by leveraging VQ-VAE tokenization and masked visual token …
Analyzing Micrometeoroid And Orbital Debris Shield Performance For Sample Return Spacecraft, William P. Schonberg, Michael Squire
Analyzing Micrometeoroid And Orbital Debris Shield Performance For Sample Return Spacecraft, William P. Schonberg, Michael Squire
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Sample-return missions typically seek to collect and return samples from extraterrestrial locations to Earth for analysis. The return of samples from certain locations in the solar system represents a potential hazard to Earth's biosphere from foreign microorganisms. One way this could occur would be a break-up of the returning capsule during entry (which would disperse the samples through the air) due to undetected damage to the capsule thermal protection system (TPS). As a result, missions that plan to return payloads from some destinations are likely to have certain design requirements for the TPS surrounding their returning capsules, which may include …
An Improved Table Method For Coded Target Identification With Application To Photogrammetric Analysis Of Soil Specimen During Triaxial Testing, Xiaolong Xia, Xiong Zhang, Sara Fayek, Zhaozheng Yin
An Improved Table Method For Coded Target Identification With Application To Photogrammetric Analysis Of Soil Specimen During Triaxial Testing, Xiaolong Xia, Xiong Zhang, Sara Fayek, Zhaozheng Yin
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Accurate and efficient recognition and identification of coded targets are of great importance in coded target-based photogrammetry. Recently, a deep learning-based method has been utilized to recognize the coded targets. Then, a table method has been developed to decode the coded targets, identify falsely identified coded targets, and recover missing coded targets. This method takes advantage of the geometric arrangement of the coded targets. In this paper, an improved table method has been developed to improve the coded targets recognition and identification results. Blob analysis, instead of deep learning, is utilized to recognize coded targets. Then, the RANSAC algorithm was …
Challenges In Numerical Simulation Of Frost Heave, Antai Dong, Xiong Zhang
Challenges In Numerical Simulation Of Frost Heave, Antai Dong, Xiong Zhang
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Frost heave of soil extensively exists in northern regions and poses a significant threat to infrastructure in cold regions. Despite over a century of research, challenges persist in numerically simulating frost heave. This study addresses two key issues: (1) What is the primary driving force for liquid water transfer during the freezing process? (2) How can we correctly represent unfrozen water content? Critical insights are derived from the theoretical analysis of coupled hydrothermal migration during soil freezing processes, followed by a case simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics. It concludes that of the water content gradient, suction gradient, and hydraulic gradient, only …
2d Numerical Modeling Of Pavements On Expansive Soil In Extreme Climates, Ekansh Agarwal, Xiong Zhang, Ning Luo
2d Numerical Modeling Of Pavements On Expansive Soil In Extreme Climates, Ekansh Agarwal, Xiong Zhang, Ning Luo
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This study focuses on modeling a rigid pavement slab on expansive soil in extreme climates to understand the interaction between weather, pavement, and soil. Lightweight superstructures such as pavements are particularly prone to damage due to the differential settlement of expansive soils. In the context of climate change, the occurrence of severe droughts followed by intense rainfall has risen, causing severe impacts on crack initiation and development, and thus infiltration patterns in the structures built on expansive soils. Pavements are typically designed for a limited lifespan, and early failure may occur if climate change is not considered during design. This …
Quantifying Deviation Of Elasticity In The Quasi-Elastic Domain Of Granular Soils, Wen Deng, Yufan Jin, Pingxin Xia, Qingqing Fu, Xiong Xia, Xiaoxia Guo
Quantifying Deviation Of Elasticity In The Quasi-Elastic Domain Of Granular Soils, Wen Deng, Yufan Jin, Pingxin Xia, Qingqing Fu, Xiong Xia, Xiaoxia Guo
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The absence of purely elastic properties in granular soil is attributed to the reversible sliding that occurs between particles during the loading–unloading cycle, leading to the dissipation of energy through friction. Instead of the strictly elastic domain, we opt for a quasi-elastic domain to examine elastic behavior within the confines of elastic theory. Within this quasi-elastic realm, the response deviates to some extent from the idealized pure elastic behavior posited by the elastic theory. As a result, the elastic constitutive relations applied to granular materials are no longer strictly accurate and may exhibit deviations. With the aim of exploring the …
Innovative Air Convection Embankment For Cold/Arctic Region Low-Volume Roads, Hanli Wu, Jenny Liu, Xiong Zhang, Steve Saboundjian
Innovative Air Convection Embankment For Cold/Arctic Region Low-Volume Roads, Hanli Wu, Jenny Liu, Xiong Zhang, Steve Saboundjian
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Roadbed thaw settlement is a unique challenge for the durability of low-volume roads (LVRs) in permafrost regions. Air convection embankment (ACE) is an effective technique that acts as a semi-heat-transfer system to control temperature variation and reduce the thaw depth of subsoil. However, limited by the shortage of the necessary crushed rocks within a short distance, building an ACE in Alaska, U.S., is prohibitively expensive. Previous studies identified the feasibility of using cellular concrete for ACE and determined the optimized thickness of the cellular concrete aggregate interlayer for ACE. However, the economic efficiency and thermal and mechanical performance of the …
Hydraulic Connectivity And Hydrochemistry Influence Microbial Community Structure In Agriculturally Affected Alluvial Aquifers In The Midwestern United States, Hunter W. Schroer, Kendra Markland, Fangqiong Ling, Craig L. Just
Hydraulic Connectivity And Hydrochemistry Influence Microbial Community Structure In Agriculturally Affected Alluvial Aquifers In The Midwestern United States, Hunter W. Schroer, Kendra Markland, Fangqiong Ling, Craig L. Just
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Alluvial aquifers can provide ecosystem services and drinking water but much remains unknown about human effects on aquifer microbiomes. Therefore, we used amplicon sequencing and hydro chemical characterization to pair microbial communities with environmental conditions across 37 alluvial aquifer wells. The study region spanned eastern Iowa and southern Minnesota (USA) and contained a combination of drinking water and monitoring wells. In terms of microbial ecology, dominant phyla across the wells included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Patescibacteria, Planctomycetota, and Nitrospirota. Tritium, an indicator of infiltration and surface water influence, was the highest correlated variable with the Shannon index (α-diversity) by the Spearman rank …
Mars Sample Return Earth Entry System Uncertainty Analysis, Michael D. Squire, Victor Cabrera, Eric Christiansen, Alan Jenkin, Kevin Hoffman, Quincy Mckown, Peter Parker, Glenn Peterson, Bruno Victorino Sarli, William P. Schonberg, Katie Steward, Brian Tulaba, Joel Williamsen
Mars Sample Return Earth Entry System Uncertainty Analysis, Michael D. Squire, Victor Cabrera, Eric Christiansen, Alan Jenkin, Kevin Hoffman, Quincy Mckown, Peter Parker, Glenn Peterson, Bruno Victorino Sarli, William P. Schonberg, Katie Steward, Brian Tulaba, Joel Williamsen
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Spacecraft designers and operators use micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) risk assessments to predict the probability that an MMOD particle impact will cause a critical failure to their systems. An important aspect of MMOD risk and associated requirements is the treatment of uncertainty, often difficult to quantify, or even estimate, for many elements of MMOD risk. This paper describes recent efforts to estimate uncertainties in inputs to the MMOD risk assessment process for a portion of the planned Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign. The uncertainty bounds developed were used to examine their effect on overall mission MMOD risk.
Identifying Early Warning Signs Of Construction Labor Shortages, Ahmed Shiha, Islam H. El-Adaway
Identifying Early Warning Signs Of Construction Labor Shortages, Ahmed Shiha, Islam H. El-Adaway
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Construction labor shortages constrain project-level objectives and national development plans. The goal of this study is to utilize the lagged effects of macroeconomic conditions as early warning signs of construction labor shortages. To this end, the authors adopted a methodology, encompassing (1) retrieval of publicly available data and preprocessing of construction labor shortage as the target variable and macroeconomic measures as the explanatory variables, (2) identification of short-term associations between shortages and economic cycles using the Granger causality test, (3) examination of long-term relationships between labor shortages and economic conditions using the Johansen cointegration test, and (4) estimation of the …
Forecasting State-Level Construction Labor Earnings For Enhanced Project Cost Control: An Econometric And Deep-Learning Analysis Of The Leading Economic Indicators, Ahmed Shiha, Islam H. El-Adaway
Forecasting State-Level Construction Labor Earnings For Enhanced Project Cost Control: An Econometric And Deep-Learning Analysis Of The Leading Economic Indicators, Ahmed Shiha, Islam H. El-Adaway
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
As a major input to several work packages, the labor element constitutes a critical component for successful performance of construction projects. Localized labor shortages, fundamental changes in prevailing wage laws, and historical shifts in the unionization rates of construction workers impair the adequate estimation of construction labor costs in diverse labor market dynamics. Meanwhile, existing studies have utilized national-level indicators to study the trends of construction labor costs, but the relationship between the multifaceted local economic factors and state-level construction labor costs remains understudied. This paper fills such a knowledge gap. A three-stage methodology is adopted: (1) data collection of …
Aqueous Carbonation Of Steel Slags: A Comparative Study On Mechanisms, Nannan Zhang, Gao Deng, Wenyu Liao, Hongyan Ma, Chuanlin Hu
Aqueous Carbonation Of Steel Slags: A Comparative Study On Mechanisms, Nannan Zhang, Gao Deng, Wenyu Liao, Hongyan Ma, Chuanlin Hu
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This study investigated the aqueous carbonation mechanisms of three typical steel slags: ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slag containing high Al content, electric arc furnace (EAF) slag featuring high Si content and relatively low Al content, and ladle-arc fusion (LAF) slag with medium-Al content. It was found that the carbonation kinetics of the three slags were similar and followed the surface coverage model within the first 6 h of carbonation. Initially, the carbonation process was primarily governed by the reaction product precipitation. After 3 h of carbonation, the process was dominated by mineral dissolution, controlled by the uncovered reactive sites. The …
Material Suppliers’ Perspective On Collaboration In Industrial Construction Projects, Seogjae Choi, William J. O'Brien
Material Suppliers’ Perspective On Collaboration In Industrial Construction Projects, Seogjae Choi, William J. O'Brien
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Material suppliers' involvement in construction project planning has been recommended as an effective measure to improve project performance by using their expertise. However, the recommendation is not universal, and some researchers disputed the value of early involvement of suppliers depending on material type. Moreover, prior studies considered main contractors' and owners' perspectives mostly in examining how to increase the involvement of suppliers. To add material suppliers' perspective, this study conducted interviews with experienced professionals from 16 material suppliers including standardized, make-to-order, and custom products. The results are specified by separating the type of materials and sub-phases of planning. The results …