Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Louisiana State University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 9031 - 9060 of 45176

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Analysis Of Mrna Abundance For Histone Variants, Histone- And Dna-Modifiers In Bovine In Vivo And In Vitro Oocytes And Embryos, J. Duan, L. Zhu, H. Dong, X. Zheng, Z. Jiang, J. Chen, X. C. Tian Dec 2019

Analysis Of Mrna Abundance For Histone Variants, Histone- And Dna-Modifiers In Bovine In Vivo And In Vitro Oocytes And Embryos, J. Duan, L. Zhu, H. Dong, X. Zheng, Z. Jiang, J. Chen, X. C. Tian

Faculty Publications

© 2019, The Author(s). Transcript abundance of histone variants, modifiers of histone and DNA in bovine in vivo oocytes and embryos were measured as mean transcripts per million (TPM). Six of 14 annotated histone variants, 8 of 52 histone methyl-transferases, 5 of 29 histone de-methylases, 5 of 20 acetyl-transferases, 5 of 19 de-acetylases, 1 of 4 DNA methyl-transferases and 0 of 3 DNA de-methylases were abundant (TPM >50) in at least one stage studied. Overall, oocytes and embryos contained more varieties of mRNAs for histone modification than for DNA. Three expression patterns were identified for histone modifiers: (1) transcription before …

Go to article

Industry Versus Government Regulation Of Food Date Labels: Observed Adherence To Industry-Endorsed Phrases, Brian E. Roe, Danyi Qi, Kathryn E. Bender, Julia Hilty Dec 2019

Industry Versus Government Regulation Of Food Date Labels: Observed Adherence To Industry-Endorsed Phrases, Brian E. Roe, Danyi Qi, Kathryn E. Bender, Julia Hilty

Faculty Publications

© 2019 by the authors. A leading factor in the creation of avoidable household food waste is confusion about food date labels. In the United States, date labels are largely unregulated, resulting in a plethora of date label phrases used in commerce. Federal regulation has been proposed but never passed, while both industry and government have provided voluntary guidance on preferred label phrases. We study food producer adherence to the label phrases endorsed by the Trading Partner Alliance (TPA, an industry group), which includes "Use By" for perishable products subject to a material degradation of critical performance or potential food …

Go to article

Morphologic Adjustments Of Actively Evolving Highly Curved Neck Cutoffs, Derek Richards, Kory Konsoer Dec 2019

Morphologic Adjustments Of Actively Evolving Highly Curved Neck Cutoffs, Derek Richards, Kory Konsoer

Faculty Publications

Neck cutoffs and their resultant oxbow lakes are important and prominent features of riverine landscapes. Detailed field-based research focusing on the morphologic evolution of neck cutoffs is currently insufficient to fully characterize cutoff evolution. High-resolution bathymetric data were collected over 3 years for the purpose of determining channel morphology and morphologic change on three actively evolving neck cutoffs. Results indicate the following general trends in morphologic adjustment: (1) a longitudinal bar in the upstream meander limb that develops near the entrance to the abandoned bend; (2) a deep scour hole in the downstream meander limb immediately downstream of the cutoff …

Go to article

Anti-Viral Immunity In The Tumor Microenvironment: Implications For The Rational Design Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Oncolytic Virotherapy, Paul J.F. Rider, Ifeanyi K. Uche, Larissa Sweeny, Konstantin G. Kousoulas Dec 2019

Anti-Viral Immunity In The Tumor Microenvironment: Implications For The Rational Design Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Oncolytic Virotherapy, Paul J.F. Rider, Ifeanyi K. Uche, Larissa Sweeny, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Purpose of Review: The design of novel herpes simplex type I (HSV-1)–derived oncolytic virotherapies is a balancing act between safety, immunogenicity, and replicative potential. We have undertaken this review to better understand how these considerations can be incorporated into rational approaches to the design of novel herpesvirus oncolytic virotherapies. Recent Findings: Several recent papers have demonstrated that enhancing the potential of HSV-1 oncolytic viruses to combat anti-viral mechanisms present in the tumor microenvironment leads to greater efficacy than their parental viruses. Summary: It is not entirely clear how the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment affects oncolytic …

Go to article

Identification And Visualization Of Functionally Important Domains And Residues In Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein K(Gk) Using A Combination Of Phylogenetics And Protein Modeling, Paul J.F. Rider, Lyndon M. Coghill, Misagh Naderi, Jeremy M. Brown, Michal Brylinski, Konstantin G. Kousoulas Dec 2019

Identification And Visualization Of Functionally Important Domains And Residues In Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein K(Gk) Using A Combination Of Phylogenetics And Protein Modeling, Paul J.F. Rider, Lyndon M. Coghill, Misagh Naderi, Jeremy M. Brown, Michal Brylinski, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

© 2019, The Author(s). Alphaherpesviruses are a subfamily of herpesviruses that include the significant human pathogens herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV). Glycoprotein K (gK), conserved in all alphaherpesviruses, is a multi-membrane spanning virion glycoprotein essential for virus entry into neuronal axons, virion assembly, and pathogenesis. Despite these critical functions, little is known about which gK domains and residues are most important for maintaining these functions across all alphaherpesviruses. Herein, we employed phylogenetic and structural analyses including the use of a novel model for evolutionary rate variation across residues to predict conserved gK functional domains. We found …

Go to article

Identification And Visualization Of Functionally Important Domains And Residues In Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein K(Gk) Using A Combination Of Phylogenetics And Protein Modeling, Paul J.F. Rider, Lyndon M. Coghill, Misagh Naderi, Jeremy M. Brown, Michal Brylinski, Konstantin G. Kousoulas Dec 2019

Identification And Visualization Of Functionally Important Domains And Residues In Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein K(Gk) Using A Combination Of Phylogenetics And Protein Modeling, Paul J.F. Rider, Lyndon M. Coghill, Misagh Naderi, Jeremy M. Brown, Michal Brylinski, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

© 2019, The Author(s). Alphaherpesviruses are a subfamily of herpesviruses that include the significant human pathogens herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV). Glycoprotein K (gK), conserved in all alphaherpesviruses, is a multi-membrane spanning virion glycoprotein essential for virus entry into neuronal axons, virion assembly, and pathogenesis. Despite these critical functions, little is known about which gK domains and residues are most important for maintaining these functions across all alphaherpesviruses. Herein, we employed phylogenetic and structural analyses including the use of a novel model for evolutionary rate variation across residues to predict conserved gK functional domains. We found …

Go to article

One Week Of Continuous Corticosterone Exposure Impairs Hepatic Metabolic Flexibility, Promotes Islet Β-Cell Proliferation, And Reduces Physical Activity In Male C57bl/6 J Mice, Susan J. Burke, Heidi M. Batdorf, Tai Yu Huang, Joseph W. Jackson, Katarina A. Jones, Thomas M. Martin, Kristen E. Rohli, Michael D. Karlstad, Tim E. Sparer, David H. Burk, Shawn R. Campagna, Robert C. Noland, Paul L. Soto, J. Jason Collier Dec 2019

One Week Of Continuous Corticosterone Exposure Impairs Hepatic Metabolic Flexibility, Promotes Islet Β-Cell Proliferation, And Reduces Physical Activity In Male C57bl/6 J Mice, Susan J. Burke, Heidi M. Batdorf, Tai Yu Huang, Joseph W. Jackson, Katarina A. Jones, Thomas M. Martin, Kristen E. Rohli, Michael D. Karlstad, Tim E. Sparer, David H. Burk, Shawn R. Campagna, Robert C. Noland, Paul L. Soto, J. Jason Collier

Faculty Publications

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Clinical glucocorticoid use, and diseases that produce elevated circulating glucocorticoids, promote drastic changes in body composition and reduction in whole body insulin sensitivity. Because steroid-induced diabetes is the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia, we investigated mechanisms underlying the recognized phenotypes associated with glucocorticoid excess. Male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to either 100ug/mL corticosterone (cort) or vehicle in their drinking water. Body composition measurements revealed an increase in fat mass with drastically reduced lean mass during the first week (i.e., seven days) of cort exposure. Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving cort had …

Go to article

Multiphoton Quantum-State Engineering Using Conditional Measurements, Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza, Roberto De J. León-Montiel, Armando Perez-Leija, Alfred B. U’Ren, Chenglong You, Kurt Busch, Adriana E. Lita, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin, Thomas Gerrits Dec 2019

Multiphoton Quantum-State Engineering Using Conditional Measurements, Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza, Roberto De J. León-Montiel, Armando Perez-Leija, Alfred B. U’Ren, Chenglong You, Kurt Busch, Adriana E. Lita, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin, Thomas Gerrits

Faculty Publications

The quantum theory of electromagnetic radiation predicts characteristic statistical fluctuations for light sources as diverse as sunlight, laser radiation, and molecule fluorescence. Indeed, these underlying statistical fluctuations of light are associated with the fundamental physical processes behind their generation. In this contribution, we experimentally demonstrate that the manipulation of the quantum electromagnetic fluctuations of two-mode squeezed vacuum states leads to a family of quantum-correlated multiphoton states with tunable mean photon numbers and degree of correlation. Our technique relies on the use of conditional measurements to engineer the excitation mode of the field through the simultaneous subtraction of photons from two-mode …

Go to article

Nonlinear Xuv Signal Generation Probed By Transient Grating Spectroscopy With Attosecond Pulses, Ashley P. Fidler, Seth J. Camp, Erika R. Warrick, Etienne Bloch, Hugo J.B. Marroux, Daniel M. Neumark, Kenneth J. Schafer, Mette B. Gaarde, Stephen R. Leone Dec 2019

Nonlinear Xuv Signal Generation Probed By Transient Grating Spectroscopy With Attosecond Pulses, Ashley P. Fidler, Seth J. Camp, Erika R. Warrick, Etienne Bloch, Hugo J.B. Marroux, Daniel M. Neumark, Kenneth J. Schafer, Mette B. Gaarde, Stephen R. Leone

Faculty Publications

Nonlinear spectroscopies are utilized extensively for selective measurements of chemical dynamics in the optical, infrared, and radio-frequency regimes. The development of these techniques for extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light sources facilitates measurements of electronic dynamics on attosecond timescales. Here, we elucidate the temporal dynamics of nonlinear signal generation by utilizing a transient grating scheme with a subfemtosecond XUV pulse train and two few-cycle near-infrared pulses in atomic helium. Simultaneous detection of multiple diffraction orders reveals delays of ≥1.5 fs in higher-order XUV signal generation, which are reproduced theoretically by solving the coupled Maxwell–Schrödinger equations and with a phase grating model. The …

Go to article

An Analysis Of The Shapes Of Interstellar Extinction Curves. Vii. Milky Way Spectrophotometric Optical-Through-Ultraviolet Extinction And Its R-Dependence, E. L. Fitzpatrick, Derck Massa, Karl D. Gordon, Ralph Bohlin, Geoffrey C. Clayton Dec 2019

An Analysis Of The Shapes Of Interstellar Extinction Curves. Vii. Milky Way Spectrophotometric Optical-Through-Ultraviolet Extinction And Its R-Dependence, E. L. Fitzpatrick, Derck Massa, Karl D. Gordon, Ralph Bohlin, Geoffrey C. Clayton

Faculty Publications

We produce a set of 72 NIR-through-UV extinction curves by combining new Hubble Space Telescope/STIS optical spectrophotometry with existing International Ultraviolet Explorer spectrophotometry (yielding gapless coverage from 1150 to 10000 Å) and NIR photometry. These curves are used to determine a new, internally consistent NIR-through-UV Milky Way mean curve and to characterize how the shapes of the extinction curves depend on R(V). We emphasize that while this dependence captures much of the curve variability, considerable variation remains that is independent of R(V). We use the optical spectrophotometry to verify the presence of structure at intermediate wavelength scales in the curves. …

Go to article

Limitations In Predicting Radiation-Induced Pharmaceutical Instability During Long-Duration Spaceflight, Rebecca S. Blue, Jeffery C. Chancellor, Erik L. Antonsen, Tina M. Bayuse, Vernie R. Daniels, Virginia E. Wotring Dec 2019

Limitations In Predicting Radiation-Induced Pharmaceutical Instability During Long-Duration Spaceflight, Rebecca S. Blue, Jeffery C. Chancellor, Erik L. Antonsen, Tina M. Bayuse, Vernie R. Daniels, Virginia E. Wotring

Faculty Publications

As human spaceflight seeks to expand beyond low-Earth orbit, NASA and its international partners face numerous challenges related to ensuring the safety of their astronauts, including the need to provide a safe and effective pharmacy for long-duration spaceflight. Historical missions have relied upon frequent resupply of onboard pharmaceuticals; as a result, there has been little study into the effects of long-term exposure of pharmaceuticals to the space environment. Of particular concern are the long-term effects of space radiation on drug stability, especially as missions venture away from the protective proximity of the Earth. Here we highlight the risk of space …

Go to article

Lignin-Polysaccharide Interactions In Plant Secondary Cell Walls Revealed By Solid-State Nmr, Xue Kang, Alex Kirui, Malitha C. Dickwella Widanage, Frederic Mentink-Vigier, Daniel J. Cosgrove, Tuo Wang Dec 2019

Lignin-Polysaccharide Interactions In Plant Secondary Cell Walls Revealed By Solid-State Nmr, Xue Kang, Alex Kirui, Malitha C. Dickwella Widanage, Frederic Mentink-Vigier, Daniel J. Cosgrove, Tuo Wang

Faculty Publications

© 2019, The Author(s). Lignin is a complex aromatic biopolymer that strengthens and waterproofs plant secondary cell walls, enabling mechanical stability in trees and long-distance water transport in xylem. Lignin removal is a key step in paper production and biomass conversion to biofuels, motivating efforts to re-engineer lignin biosynthesis. However, the physical nature of lignin’s interactions with wall polysaccharides is not well understood. Here we show that lignin self-aggregates to form highly hydrophobic and dynamically unique nanodomains, with extensive surface contacts to xylan. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy of intact maize stems, supported by dynamic nuclear polarization, reveals that lignin has abundant …

Go to article

Integrated Solid-State Nmr And Molecular Dynamics Modeling Determines Membrane Insertion Of Human Β-Defensin Analog, Xue Kang, Christopher Elson, Jackson Penfield, Alex Kirui, Adrian Chen, Liqun Zhang, Tuo Wang Dec 2019

Integrated Solid-State Nmr And Molecular Dynamics Modeling Determines Membrane Insertion Of Human Β-Defensin Analog, Xue Kang, Christopher Elson, Jackson Penfield, Alex Kirui, Adrian Chen, Liqun Zhang, Tuo Wang

Faculty Publications

© 2019, The Author(s). Human β-defensins (hBD) play central roles in antimicrobial activities against various microorganisms and in immune-regulation. These peptides perturb phospholipid membranes for function, but it is not well understood how defensins approach, insert and finally disrupt membranes on the molecular level. Here we show that hBD-3 analogs interact with lipid bilayers through a conserved surface that is formed by two adjacent loops in the solution structure. By integrating a collection of 13C, 1H and 31P solid-state NMR methods with long-term molecular dynamic simulations, we reveal that membrane-binding rigidifies the peptide, enhances structural polymorphism, and promotes β-strand conformation. …

Go to article

Male Dominance Status Regulates Odor-Evoked Processing In The Forebrain Of A Cichlid Fish, Alexandre A. Nikonov, Karen P. Maruska Dec 2019

Male Dominance Status Regulates Odor-Evoked Processing In The Forebrain Of A Cichlid Fish, Alexandre A. Nikonov, Karen P. Maruska

Faculty Publications

© 2019, The Author(s). The ability to identify odors in the environment is crucial for survival and reproduction. However, whether olfactory processing in higher-order brain centers is influenced by an animal’s physiological condition is unknown. We used in vivo neuron and local field potential (LFP) recordings from the ventral telencephalon of dominant and subordinate male cichlids to test the hypothesis that response properties of olfactory neurons differ with social status. Dominant males had a high percentage of neurons that responded to several odor types, suggesting broad tuning or differential sensitivity when males are reproductively active and defending a territory. A …

Go to article

Recurrent Fires Do Not Affect The Abundance Of Soil Fungi In A Frequently Burned Pine Savanna, Paige M. Hansen, Tatiana A. Semenova-Nelsen, William J. Platt, Benjamin A. Sikes Dec 2019

Recurrent Fires Do Not Affect The Abundance Of Soil Fungi In A Frequently Burned Pine Savanna, Paige M. Hansen, Tatiana A. Semenova-Nelsen, William J. Platt, Benjamin A. Sikes

Faculty Publications

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd and British Mycological Society While the negative effects of infrequent, high-intensity fire on soil fungal abundance are well-understood, it remains unclear how the short-term history of frequent, low-intensity fire in fire-dependent ecosystems impacts abundance, and whether this history governs any abundance declines. We used prescribed fire to experimentally alter the short-term fire history of patches within a fire-frequented old-growth pine savanna over a 3 y period. We then quantified fungal abundance before and after the final fire using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) assays and Droplet Digital™ PCR (ddPCR). Short-term fire history largely did not affect total …

Go to article

Elevated Levels Of Type 2 Respiratory Innate Lymphoid Cells In Human Infants With Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis, Luan D. Vu, David Siefker, Tamekia L. Jones, Dahui You, Ryleigh Taylor, John Devincenzo, Stephania A. Cormier Dec 2019

Elevated Levels Of Type 2 Respiratory Innate Lymphoid Cells In Human Infants With Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis, Luan D. Vu, David Siefker, Tamekia L. Jones, Dahui You, Ryleigh Taylor, John Devincenzo, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

© 2019 by the American Thoracic Society. Rationale: Studies of the immune responses at the site of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection are sparse despite nearly five decades of research into understanding RSV disease. Objectives: To investigate the role of mucosal innate immune responses to RSV and respiratory viral load in infants hospitalized with the natural disease. Methods: Cytokines, viral load, and type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) levels in nasal aspirates, collected within 24 hours of enrollment, from infants hospitalized with RSV infection were quantified. Measurements and Main Results: RSV severity in infants was categorized based on admission to …

Go to article

Rapid Evolutionary Responses To Insecticide Resistance Management Interventions By The German Cockroach (Blattella Germanica L.), Mahsa Fardisi, Ameya D. Gondhalekar, Aaron R. Ashbrook, Michael E. Scharf Dec 2019

Rapid Evolutionary Responses To Insecticide Resistance Management Interventions By The German Cockroach (Blattella Germanica L.), Mahsa Fardisi, Ameya D. Gondhalekar, Aaron R. Ashbrook, Michael E. Scharf

Faculty Publications

The German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) is a worldwide pest that lives exclusively in human environments. B. germanica threatens human health by producing asthma-triggering allergens, vectoring pathogenic/antibiotic-resistant microbes, and by contributing to unhealthy indoor environments. While insecticides are essential for reducing cockroach populations and improving health outcomes, insecticide resistance has been a consistent barrier to cockroach control since the 1950s. We conducted seminal field studies to compare three insecticide resistance intervention strategies for cockroaches and evaluated resistance evolution across multiple generations. Using pre-treatment resistance assessment to drive decisions, we found that single active ingredient (AI) treatments can successfully eliminate cockroaches …

Go to article

The Green Peach Aphid Gut Contains Host Plant Micrornas Identified By Comprehensive Annotation Of Brassica Oleracea Small Rna Data, Max C. Thompson, Honglin Feng, Stefan Wuchty, Alex C.C. Wilson Dec 2019

The Green Peach Aphid Gut Contains Host Plant Micrornas Identified By Comprehensive Annotation Of Brassica Oleracea Small Rna Data, Max C. Thompson, Honglin Feng, Stefan Wuchty, Alex C.C. Wilson

Faculty Publications

Like all organisms, aphids, plant sap-sucking insects that house a bacterial endosymbiont called Buchnera, are members of a species interaction network. Ecological interactions across such networks can result in phenotypic change in network members mediated by molecular signals, like microRNAs. Here, we interrogated small RNA data from the aphid, Myzus persicae, to determine the source of reads that did not map to the aphid or Buchnera genomes. Our analysis revealed that the pattern was largely explained by reads that mapped to the host plant, Brassica oleracea, and a facultative symbiont, Regiella. To start elucidating the function of plant small RNA …

Go to article

Warnings Of An “Insect Apocalypse” Are Premature, Timothy D. Schowalter, Michael R. Willig, Stephen J. Presley, Manoj Pandey Dec 2019

Warnings Of An “Insect Apocalypse” Are Premature, Timothy D. Schowalter, Michael R. Willig, Stephen J. Presley, Manoj Pandey

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Draft Genome Sequence Data Of Cercospora Kikuchii, A Causal Agent Of Cercospora Leaf Blight And Purple Seed Stain Of Soybeans, Francisco J. Sautua, Sergio A. Gonzalez, Vinson P. Doyle, Marcelo F. Berretta, Manuela Gordó, Mercedes M. Scandiani, Maximo L. Rivarola, Paula Fernandez, Marcelo A. Carmona Dec 2019

Draft Genome Sequence Data Of Cercospora Kikuchii, A Causal Agent Of Cercospora Leaf Blight And Purple Seed Stain Of Soybeans, Francisco J. Sautua, Sergio A. Gonzalez, Vinson P. Doyle, Marcelo F. Berretta, Manuela Gordó, Mercedes M. Scandiani, Maximo L. Rivarola, Paula Fernandez, Marcelo A. Carmona

Faculty Publications

Cercospora kikuchii (Tak. Matsumoto & Tomoy.) M.W. Gardner 1927 is an ascomycete fungal pathogen that causes Cercospora leaf blight and purple seed stain on soybean. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence and assembly of this pathogen. The C. kikuchii strain ARG_18_001 was isolated from soybean purple seed collected from San Pedro, Buenos Aires, Argentina, during the 2018 harvest. The genome was sequenced using a 2 × 150 bp paired-end method by Illumina NovaSeq 6000. The C. kikuchii protein-coding genes were predicted using FunGAP (Fungal Genome Annotation Pipeline). The draft genome assembly was 33.1 Mb in size with a …

Go to article

A Review Of Interactions Between Insect Biological Control Agents And Semiochemicals, Anamika Sharma, Ramandeep Kaur Sandhi, Gadi V.P. Reddy Dec 2019

A Review Of Interactions Between Insect Biological Control Agents And Semiochemicals, Anamika Sharma, Ramandeep Kaur Sandhi, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

Biological control agents and semiochemicals have become essential parts of the integrated pest management of insect pests over recent years, as the incorporation of semiochemicals with natural enemies and entomopathogenic microbials has gained significance. The potential of insect pheromones to attract natural enemies has mainly been established under laboratory conditions, while semiochemicals from plants have been used to attract and retain natural enemies in field conditions using strategies such as trap crops and the push–pull mechanism. The best-known semiochemicals are those used for parasitoids–insect pest–plant host systems. Semiochemicals can also aid in the successful dispersal of entomopathogenic microbials. The use …

Go to article

Rapid Quantification Of Lignite Sulfur Content: Combining Optical And X-Ray Approaches, Julia Kagiliery, Somsubhra Chakraborty, Autumn Acree, David C. Weindorf, Eric C. Brevik, Nicolas A. Jelinski, Bin Li, Cynthia Jordan Dec 2019

Rapid Quantification Of Lignite Sulfur Content: Combining Optical And X-Ray Approaches, Julia Kagiliery, Somsubhra Chakraborty, Autumn Acree, David C. Weindorf, Eric C. Brevik, Nicolas A. Jelinski, Bin Li, Cynthia Jordan

Faculty Publications

Coal is an important natural resource for global energy production. However, certain types of coal (e.g., lignite) often contain abundant sulfur (S) which can lead to gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions when burned. Such emissions subsequently create sulfuric acid (H2SO4), thus causing highly acidic rain which can alter the pH of soil and surface waters. Traditional laboratory analysis (e.g., dry combustion) is commonly used to characterize the S content of lignite, but such approaches are laborious and expensive. By comparison, proximal sensing techniques such as portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry, visible near infrared (VisNIR) spectroscopy, and optical sensors (e.g., NixPro) …

Go to article

Cantor Spectrum Of Graphene In Magnetic Fields, Simon Becker, Rui Han, Svetlana Jitomirskaya Dec 2019

Cantor Spectrum Of Graphene In Magnetic Fields, Simon Becker, Rui Han, Svetlana Jitomirskaya

Faculty Publications

We consider a quantum graph as a model of graphene in magnetic fields and give a complete analysis of the spectrum, for all constant fluxes. In particular, we show that if the reduced magnetic flux Φ / 2 π through a honeycomb is irrational, the continuous spectrum is an unbounded Cantor set of Lebesgue measure zero.

Go to article

Calculations With Graded Perverse-Coherent Sheaves, Pramod N. Achar, William D. Hardesty Dec 2019

Calculations With Graded Perverse-Coherent Sheaves, Pramod N. Achar, William D. Hardesty

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we carry out several computations involving graded (or Gm-equivariant) perversecoherent sheaves on the nilpotent cone of a reductive group in good characteristic. In the first part of the paper, we compute the weight of the Gm-action on certain normalized (or 'canonical') simple objects, confirming an old prediction of Ostrik. In the second part of the paper, we explicitly describe all simple perverse-coherent sheaves for G = PGL3, in every characteristic other than 2 or 3. Applications include an explicit description of the cohomology of tilting modules for the corresponding quantum group, as well as a proof that …

Go to article

Early Animal Evolution And Highly Oxygenated Seafloor Niches Hosted By Microbial Mats, Weiming Ding, Lin Dong, Yuanlin Sun, Haoran Ma, Yihe Xu, Runyu Yang, Yongbo Peng, Chuanming Zhou, Bing Shen Dec 2019

Early Animal Evolution And Highly Oxygenated Seafloor Niches Hosted By Microbial Mats, Weiming Ding, Lin Dong, Yuanlin Sun, Haoran Ma, Yihe Xu, Runyu Yang, Yongbo Peng, Chuanming Zhou, Bing Shen

Faculty Publications

© 2019, The Author(s). The earliest unambiguous evidence for animals is represented by various trace fossils in the latest Ediacaran Period (550–541 Ma), suggesting that the earliest animals lived on or even penetrated into the seafloor. Yet, the O2 fugacity at the sediment-water interface (SWI) for the earliest animal proliferation is poorly defined. The preferential colonization of seafloor as a first step in animal evolution is also unusual. In order to understand the environmental background, we employed a new proxy, carbonate associated ferrous iron (Fecarb), to quantify the seafloor oxygenation. Fecarb of the latest Ediacaran Shibantan limestone in South China, …

Go to article

Virtual Enriching Operators, Susanne C. Brenner, Li Yeng Sung Dec 2019

Virtual Enriching Operators, Susanne C. Brenner, Li Yeng Sung

Faculty Publications

We construct bounded linear operators that map H conforming Lagrange finite element spaces to H conforming virtual element spaces in two and three dimensions. These operators are useful for the analysis of nonstandard finite element methods. 1 2

Go to article

Stabilization And Robustness Analysis For A Chain Of Saturating Integrators Arising In The Visual Landing Of Aircraft, Laurent Burlion, Michael Malisoff, Frederic Mazenc Dec 2019

Stabilization And Robustness Analysis For A Chain Of Saturating Integrators Arising In The Visual Landing Of Aircraft, Laurent Burlion, Michael Malisoff, Frederic Mazenc

Faculty Publications

We study a chain of saturating integrators with imprecise output measurements, which arises in the study of visual landing of aircraft. Our input-to-state stability result uses a new dynamic extension. We illustrate our result in an aerospace application with realistic model parameters.

Go to article

Adjective Learning In Young Typically Developing Children And Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Retrieval-Based Approach, Laurence B. Leonard, Patricia Deevy, Jeffrey D. Karpicke, Sharon Christ, Christine Weber, Justin B. Kueser, Eileen Haebig Dec 2019

Adjective Learning In Young Typically Developing Children And Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Retrieval-Based Approach, Laurence B. Leonard, Patricia Deevy, Jeffrey D. Karpicke, Sharon Christ, Christine Weber, Justin B. Kueser, Eileen Haebig

Faculty Publications

Purpose: There are strong retention benefits when learners frequently test themselves during the learning period. This practice of repeated retrieval has recently been applied successfully to children’s word learning. In this study, we apply a repeated retrieval procedure to the learning of novel adjectives by preschool-age children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and their typically developing (TD) peers. We ask whether the benefits of retrieval extend to children’s ability to apply the novel adjectives to newly introduced objects sharing the same characteristics as the objects used during the learning period. Method: Fourteen children with DLD (Mage = 62.64 months) and …

Go to article

From The Arctic To The Tropics: Multibiome Prediction Of Leaf Mass Per Area Using Leaf Reflectance, Shawn P. Serbin, Jin Wu, Kim S. Ely, Eric L. Kruger, Philip A. Townsend, Ran Meng, Brett T. Wolfe, Adam Chlus, Zhihui Wang, Alistair Rogers Dec 2019

From The Arctic To The Tropics: Multibiome Prediction Of Leaf Mass Per Area Using Leaf Reflectance, Shawn P. Serbin, Jin Wu, Kim S. Ely, Eric L. Kruger, Philip A. Townsend, Ran Meng, Brett T. Wolfe, Adam Chlus, Zhihui Wang, Alistair Rogers

Faculty Publications

Leaf mass per area (LMA) is a key plant trait, reflecting tradeoffs between leaf photosynthetic function, longevity, and structural investment. Capturing spatial and temporal variability in LMA has been a long-standing goal of ecological research and is an essential component for advancing Earth system models. Despite the substantial variation in LMA within and across Earth's biomes, an efficient, globally generalizable approach to predict LMA is still lacking. We explored the capacity to predict LMA from leaf spectra across much of the global LMA trait space, with values ranging from 17 to 393 g m−2. Our dataset contained leaves from a …

Go to article

Spatiotemporal Variability Of Fire Characteristics Affect Animal Responses In Pyric Landscapes, Bradley S. Cohen, Thomas J. Prebyl, Bret A. Collier, Michael J. Chamberlain Dec 2019

Spatiotemporal Variability Of Fire Characteristics Affect Animal Responses In Pyric Landscapes, Bradley S. Cohen, Thomas J. Prebyl, Bret A. Collier, Michael J. Chamberlain

Faculty Publications

Background: Behavioral responses are the most immediate ways animals interact with their environment, and are primary mechanisms by which individuals mitigate mortality risk while ensuring reproductive success. In disturbance-driven landscapes, animals must adjust behaviors both spatially and temporally to maximize individual fitness. Prescribed fire is an important ecosystem driver in many coniferous forests, as fire cycles nutrients, creates spatially heterogeneous distributions in quantity and quality of forage and cover, and provides opportunities for fire-adapted taxa. Because fire immediately shifts resource distribution, and fire characteristics may drive behavioral responses to recent burns, we examined behavioral responses of 105 Global Positioning System …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last