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Genetic Susceptibility To Diabetic Kidney Disease Is Linked To Promoter Variants Of Xor, Qin Wang, Haiying Qi, Yiming Wu, Liping Yu, Rihab Bouchareb, Shuyu Li, Emelie Lassén, Gabriella Casalena, Krisztian Stadler, Kerstin Ebefors, Zhengzi Yi, Shaolin Shi, Fadi Salem, Ronald Gordon, Lu Lu, Robert W. Williams, Jeremy Duffield, Weijia Zhang, Yuval Itan, Erwin Böttinger, Ilse Daehn Apr 2023

Genetic Susceptibility To Diabetic Kidney Disease Is Linked To Promoter Variants Of Xor, Qin Wang, Haiying Qi, Yiming Wu, Liping Yu, Rihab Bouchareb, Shuyu Li, Emelie Lassén, Gabriella Casalena, Krisztian Stadler, Kerstin Ebefors, Zhengzi Yi, Shaolin Shi, Fadi Salem, Ronald Gordon, Lu Lu, Robert W. Williams, Jeremy Duffield, Weijia Zhang, Yuval Itan, Erwin Böttinger, Ilse Daehn

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

The lifetime risk of kidney disease in people with diabetes is 10–30%, implicating genetic predisposition in the cause of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here we identify an expression quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the cis-acting regulatory region of the xanthine dehydrogenase, or xanthine oxidoreductase (Xor), a binding site for C/EBPβ, to be associated with diabetes-induced podocyte loss in DKD in male mice. We examine mouse inbred strains that are susceptible (DBA/2J) and resistant (C57BL/6J) to DKD, as well as a panel of recombinant inbred BXD mice, to map QTLs. We also uncover promoter XOR orthologue variants in humans associated with …

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Markers Indicate Neuro-Damage In Sars-Cov-2-Infected Nonhuman Primates, Sudipa Maity, Meredith G. Mayer, Qingbo Shu, Hellmers Linh, Duran Bao, Robert V. Blair, Yanlin He, Christopher J. Lyon, Tony Y. Hu, Tracy Fischer, Jia Fan Apr 2023

Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Markers Indicate Neuro-Damage In Sars-Cov-2-Infected Nonhuman Primates, Sudipa Maity, Meredith G. Mayer, Qingbo Shu, Hellmers Linh, Duran Bao, Robert V. Blair, Yanlin He, Christopher J. Lyon, Tony Y. Hu, Tracy Fischer, Jia Fan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Neurologic manifestations are among the most frequently reported complications of COVID-19. However, given the paucity of tissue samples and the highly infectious nature of the etiologic agent of COVID-19, we have limited information to understand the neuropathogenesis of COVID-19. Therefore, to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on the brain, we used mass-spectrometry–based proteomics with a data-independent acquisition mode to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins collected from two different nonhuman primates, Rhesus Macaque and African Green Monkeys, for the neurologic effects of the infection. These monkeys exhibited minimal to mild pulmonary pathology but moderate to severe central nervous system (CNS) …

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Pharmacological Inhibition Of Cftr Attenuates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (Nash) Progression In Mice, Sangam Rajak, Archana Tewari, Sana Raza, Pratima Gupta, Bandana Chakravarti, Baby Anjum, Madhulika Tripathi, Brijesh K. Singh, Paul M. Yen, Amit Goel, Sujoy Ghosh, Rohit A. Sinha Apr 2023

Pharmacological Inhibition Of Cftr Attenuates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (Nash) Progression In Mice, Sangam Rajak, Archana Tewari, Sana Raza, Pratima Gupta, Bandana Chakravarti, Baby Anjum, Madhulika Tripathi, Brijesh K. Singh, Paul M. Yen, Amit Goel, Sujoy Ghosh, Rohit A. Sinha

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered a pivotal stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and increases the risk of end-stage liver diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The etiology of NASH is multifactorial and identifying reliable molecular players has proven difficult. Presently, there are no approved drugs for NASH treatment, which has become a leading cause of liver transplants worldwide. Here, using public human transcriptomic NAFLD dataset, we uncover Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance receptor (CFTR) as a differentially expressed gene in the livers of human NASH patients. Similarly, murine Cftr expression was also found to be …

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Strategy For Pre-Clinical Development Of Active Targeting Microrna Oligonucleotide Therapeutics For Unmet Medical Needs, Marc Thibonnier, Sujoy Ghosh Apr 2023

Strategy For Pre-Clinical Development Of Active Targeting Microrna Oligonucleotide Therapeutics For Unmet Medical Needs, Marc Thibonnier, Sujoy Ghosh

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

We present here an innovative modular and outsourced model of drug research and development for microRNA oligonucleotide therapeutics (miRNA ONTs). This model is being implemented by a biotechnology company, namely AptamiR Therapeutics, in collaboration with Centers of Excellence in Academic Institutions. Our aim is to develop safe, effective and convenient active targeting miRNA ONT agents for the metabolic pandemic of obesity and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), as well as deadly ovarian cancer.

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Environment-Tolerant Ionic Hydrogel–Elastomer Hybrids With Robust Interfaces, High Transparence, And Biocompatibility For A Mechanical–Thermal Multimode Sensor, Ya Lu, Yiying Yue, Qinqin Ding, Changtong Mei, Xinwu Xu, Shaohua Jiang, Shuijian He, Qinglin Wu, Huining Xiao, Jingquan Han Apr 2023

Environment-Tolerant Ionic Hydrogel–Elastomer Hybrids With Robust Interfaces, High Transparence, And Biocompatibility For A Mechanical–Thermal Multimode Sensor, Ya Lu, Yiying Yue, Qinqin Ding, Changtong Mei, Xinwu Xu, Shaohua Jiang, Shuijian He, Qinglin Wu, Huining Xiao, Jingquan Han

Faculty Publications

The human skin, an important sensory organ, responds sensitively to external stimuli under various harsh conditions. However, the simultaneous achievement of mechanical/thermal sensitivity and extreme environmental tolerance remains an enormous challenge for skin-like hydrogel-based sensors. In this study, a novel skin-inspired hydrogel–elastomer hybrid with a sandwich structure and strong interfacial bonding for mechanical–thermal multimode sensing applications is developed. An inner-layered ionic hydrogel with a semi-interpenetrating network is prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a nanofiller, lithium chloride (LiCl) as an ionic transport conductor, and polyacrylamide (PAM) as a polymer matrix. The outer-layered polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers fully encapsulating the hydrogel …

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Regional Variation In Feeding Patterns Of Sheepshead (Archosargus Probatocephalus) In The Northwest Gulf Of Mexico, Elsa M. Gutierrez, Jeffrey D. Plumlee, Derek G. Bolser, Brad E. Erisman, R. J.David Wells Apr 2023

Regional Variation In Feeding Patterns Of Sheepshead (Archosargus Probatocephalus) In The Northwest Gulf Of Mexico, Elsa M. Gutierrez, Jeffrey D. Plumlee, Derek G. Bolser, Brad E. Erisman, R. J.David Wells

Faculty Publications

Feeding patterns of sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus, in the northwest Gulf of Mexico were examined from samples collected at two locations in Texas, USA; Galveston and Port Aransas. A total of 53 sheepshead stomachs (Galveston, n = 35; Port Aransas, n = 18) had their contents analyzed along with tissue samples from the muscle and liver for a stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S) because they provide a contrast between short-term (liver) and long-term (muscle) measurements. Multiple species of amphipods made up the majority of the prey items in sheepshead from Galveston (%IRI = 61.79), whereas barnacles were the primary …

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Low Species Turnover Of Upland Amazonian Birds In The Absence Of Physical Barriers, Cameron L. Rutt, W. Justin Cooper, Christian B. Andretti, Thiago V.V. Costa, Philip C. Stouffer, Claudeir F. Vargas, David A. Luther, Mario Cohn-Haft Apr 2023

Low Species Turnover Of Upland Amazonian Birds In The Absence Of Physical Barriers, Cameron L. Rutt, W. Justin Cooper, Christian B. Andretti, Thiago V.V. Costa, Philip C. Stouffer, Claudeir F. Vargas, David A. Luther, Mario Cohn-Haft

Faculty Publications

Aim: One of the oldest and most powerful ways for ecologists to explain distinct biological communities is to invoke underlying environmental differences. But in hyper-diverse systems, which often display high species richness and low species abundance, these sorts of community comparisons are especially challenging. The classic view for Amazonian birds posits that riverine barriers and habitat specialization determine local and regional community composition. We test the tacit, complementary assumption that similar bird communities should therefore permeate uniform habitat between major rivers, regardless of distance. Location: Upland (terra firme) rainforests of central Amazonia. Methods: We conducted intensive whole-community surveys of birds …

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Metabolic Adaptations And Substrate Oxidation Are Unaffected By Exogenous Testosterone Administration During Energy Deficit In Men, Lee E.E.M. Margolis, Kara L. Marlatt, Claire E. Berryman, Emily E. Howard, Nancy E. Murphy, Christopher T. Carrigan, Melissa N. Harris, Robbie A. Beyl, Eric Ravussin, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Jennifer C. Rood Apr 2023

Metabolic Adaptations And Substrate Oxidation Are Unaffected By Exogenous Testosterone Administration During Energy Deficit In Men, Lee E.E.M. Margolis, Kara L. Marlatt, Claire E. Berryman, Emily E. Howard, Nancy E. Murphy, Christopher T. Carrigan, Melissa N. Harris, Robbie A. Beyl, Eric Ravussin, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Jennifer C. Rood

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Introduction/Purpose The effects of testosterone on energy and substrate metabolism during energy deficit are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of weekly testosterone enanthate (TEST; 200 mg·wk-1) injections on energy expenditure, energy substrate oxidation, and related gene expression during 28 d of energy deficit compared with placebo (PLA). Methods After a 14-d energy balance phase, healthy men were randomly assigned to TEST (n = 24) or PLA (n = 26) for a 28-d controlled diet- and exercise-induced energy deficit (55% below total energy needs by reducing energy intake and increasing physical activity). Whole-room indirect calorimetry …

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Examining The Acute Glycemic Effects Of Different Types Of Structured Exercise Sessions In Type 1 Diabetes In A Real-World Setting: The Type 1 Diabetes And Exercise Initiative (T1dexi), Michael C. Riddell, Zoey Li, Robin L. Gal, Peter Calhoun, Peter G. Jacobs, Mark A. Clements, Corby K. Martin, Francis J. Doyle, Susana R. Patton, Jessica R. Castle, Melanie B. Gillingham, Roy W. Beck, Michael R. Rickels Apr 2023

Examining The Acute Glycemic Effects Of Different Types Of Structured Exercise Sessions In Type 1 Diabetes In A Real-World Setting: The Type 1 Diabetes And Exercise Initiative (T1dexi), Michael C. Riddell, Zoey Li, Robin L. Gal, Peter Calhoun, Peter G. Jacobs, Mark A. Clements, Corby K. Martin, Francis J. Doyle, Susana R. Patton, Jessica R. Castle, Melanie B. Gillingham, Roy W. Beck, Michael R. Rickels

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE Maintenance of glycemic control during and after exercise remains a major chal-lenge for individuals with type 1 diabetes. Glycemic responses to exercise may differ by exercise type (aerobic, interval, or resistance), and the effect of activity type on glycemic control after exercise remains unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative (T1DEXI) was a real-world study of at-home exercise. Adult participants were randomly assigned to complete six structured aerobic, interval, or resistance exercise sessions over 4 weeks. Participants self-reported study and nonstudy exercise, food intake, and insulin dosing (multi-ple daily injection [MDI] users) using a custom …

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Increasing Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion In The Fields Of Nutrition And Obesity: A Roadmap To Equity In Academia, Samantha L. Martin, Michelle I. Cardel, Tiffany L. Carson, James O. Hill, Takara Stanley, Steven Grinspoon, Felicia Steger, Loneke T. Blackman Carr, Maxine Ashby-Thompson, Delisha Stewart, Jamy Ard, Raziel Rojas-Rodriguez, Mabel Toribio, Gabrielle Page-Wilson, Ursula White, Glenn Rowe, Marine Saint-Cyr, Rita Brookheart, Lauren Adele Fowler, Gwen Twillman, Felicia Price, April Stull, Sonia Vega-Lopez, Tony Comuzzie, Catherine M. Kotz, Francoise Knox Kazimierczuk, Monica L. Baskin, Robert Newton, Andrew Greenberg, Camile E. Powe, Dympna Gallagher, David H. Burk, Elissa S. Epel, Paul S. Maclean Apr 2023

Increasing Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion In The Fields Of Nutrition And Obesity: A Roadmap To Equity In Academia, Samantha L. Martin, Michelle I. Cardel, Tiffany L. Carson, James O. Hill, Takara Stanley, Steven Grinspoon, Felicia Steger, Loneke T. Blackman Carr, Maxine Ashby-Thompson, Delisha Stewart, Jamy Ard, Raziel Rojas-Rodriguez, Mabel Toribio, Gabrielle Page-Wilson, Ursula White, Glenn Rowe, Marine Saint-Cyr, Rita Brookheart, Lauren Adele Fowler, Gwen Twillman, Felicia Price, April Stull, Sonia Vega-Lopez, Tony Comuzzie, Catherine M. Kotz, Francoise Knox Kazimierczuk, Monica L. Baskin, Robert Newton, Andrew Greenberg, Camile E. Powe, Dympna Gallagher, David H. Burk, Elissa S. Epel, Paul S. Maclean

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Research shows that a diverse faculty improves academic, clinical, and research outcomes in higher education. Despite that, persons in minority groups, usually categorized by race or ethnicity, are underrepresented in academia (URiA). The Nutrition Obesity Research Centers (NORCs), supported by the NIDDK, hosted workshops on five separate days in September and October 2020. NORCs convened these workshops to identify barriers and facilitators for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and provide specific recommendations to improve DEI within obesity and nutrition for individuals from URiA groups. Recognized experts on DEI presented each day, after which the NORCs conducted breakout sessions with key …

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Monitoring Body Composition Change For Intervention Studies With Advancing 3d Optical Imaging Technology In Comparison To Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Michael C. Wong, Jonathan P. Bennett, Lambert T. Leong, Isaac Y. Tian, Yong E. Liu, Nisa N. Kelly, Cassidy Mccarthy, Julia M.W. Wong, Cara B. Ebbeling, David S. Ludwig, Brian A. Irving, Matthew C. Scott, James Stampley, Brett Davis, Neil Johannsen, Rachel Matthews, Cullen Vincellette, Andrea K. Garber, Gertraud Maskarinec, Ethan Weiss, Jennifer Rood, Alyssa N. Varanoske, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Steven B. Heymsfield, John A. Shepherd Apr 2023

Monitoring Body Composition Change For Intervention Studies With Advancing 3d Optical Imaging Technology In Comparison To Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Michael C. Wong, Jonathan P. Bennett, Lambert T. Leong, Isaac Y. Tian, Yong E. Liu, Nisa N. Kelly, Cassidy Mccarthy, Julia M.W. Wong, Cara B. Ebbeling, David S. Ludwig, Brian A. Irving, Matthew C. Scott, James Stampley, Brett Davis, Neil Johannsen, Rachel Matthews, Cullen Vincellette, Andrea K. Garber, Gertraud Maskarinec, Ethan Weiss, Jennifer Rood, Alyssa N. Varanoske, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Steven B. Heymsfield, John A. Shepherd

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Recent 3-dimensional optical (3DO) imaging advancements have provided more accessible, affordable, and self-operating opportunities for assessing body composition. 3DO is accurate and precise in clinical measures made by DXA. However, the sensitivity for monitoring body composition change over time with 3DO body shape imaging is unknown. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of 3DO in monitoring body composition changes across multiple intervention studies. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using intervention studies on healthy adults that were complimentary to the cross-sectional study, Shape Up! Adults. Each participant received a DXA (Hologic Discovery/A system) and 3DO (Fit3D ProScanner) …

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Smartphone Prediction Of Skeletal Muscle Mass: Model Development And Validation In Adults, Cassidy Mccarthy, Grant M. Tinsley, Shengping Yang, Brian A. Irving, Michael C. Wong, Jonathan P. Bennett, John A. Shepherd, Steven B. Heymsfield Apr 2023

Smartphone Prediction Of Skeletal Muscle Mass: Model Development And Validation In Adults, Cassidy Mccarthy, Grant M. Tinsley, Shengping Yang, Brian A. Irving, Michael C. Wong, Jonathan P. Bennett, John A. Shepherd, Steven B. Heymsfield

Faculty Publications

Background: Skeletal muscle is a large and clinically relevant body component that has been difficult and impractical to quantify outside of specialized facilities. Advances in smartphone technology now provide the opportunity to quantify multiple body surface dimensions such as circumferences, lengths, surface areas, and volumes. Objectives: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that anthropometric body measurements acquired with a smartphone application can be used to accurately estimate an adult's level of muscularity. Methods: Appendicular lean mass (ALM) measured by DXA served as the reference for muscularity in a sample of 322 adults. Participants also had digital anthropometric dimensions (circumferences, …

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Safety And Tolerability Of Whole Soybean Products: A Dose-Escalating Clinical Trial In Older Adults With Obesity, Candida J. Rebello, Stephen Boué, Ronald J. Levy, Renée Puyau, Robbie A. Beyl, Frank L. Greenway, Mark L. Heiman, Jeffrey N. Keller, Charles F. Reynolds, John P. Kirwan Apr 2023

Safety And Tolerability Of Whole Soybean Products: A Dose-Escalating Clinical Trial In Older Adults With Obesity, Candida J. Rebello, Stephen Boué, Ronald J. Levy, Renée Puyau, Robbie A. Beyl, Frank L. Greenway, Mark L. Heiman, Jeffrey N. Keller, Charles F. Reynolds, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Soybean products have nutrients, dietary fiber, and phytoalexins beneficial for cardiovascular and overall health. Despite their high consumption in Asian populations, their safety in Western diets is debated. We conducted a dose-escalating clinical trial of the safety and tolerability of soybean products in eight older adults (70–85 years) with obesity. Whole green soybean pods grown under controlled conditions were processed to flour (WGS) at the United States Department of Agriculture using common cooking techniques such as slicing and heat treatment. WGS incorporated into food products was consumed at 10 g, 20 g, and 30 g/day for one week at each …

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Exercise In The Prevention And Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes, John P. Kirwan, Elizabeth C. Heintz, Candida J. Rebello, Christopher L. Axelrod Apr 2023

Exercise In The Prevention And Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes, John P. Kirwan, Elizabeth C. Heintz, Candida J. Rebello, Christopher L. Axelrod

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Type 2 diabetes is a systemic, multifactorial disease that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite a rise in the number of available medications and treatments available for management, exercise remains a first-line prevention and intervention strategy due to established safety, efficacy, and tolerability in the general population. Herein we review the pre-disposing risk factors for, prevention, pathophysiology, and treatment of type 2 diabetes. We emphasize key cellular and molecular adaptive processes that provide insight into our evolving understanding of how, when, and what types of exercise may improve glycemic control.

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Is The Gut Microbiome Implicated In The Excess Risk Of Hypertension Associated With Obstructive Sleep Apnea? A Contemporary Review, Sanah S. Munir, Fatima H. Sert Kuniyoshi, Prachi Singh, Naima Covassin Apr 2023

Is The Gut Microbiome Implicated In The Excess Risk Of Hypertension Associated With Obstructive Sleep Apnea? A Contemporary Review, Sanah S. Munir, Fatima H. Sert Kuniyoshi, Prachi Singh, Naima Covassin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder and an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. The pathogenesis of elevated blood pressure (BP) in OSA is multifactorial, including sympathetic overdrive, vascular aberrations, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. Among the mechanisms potentially involved in OSA-induced hypertension, the role of the gut microbiome is gaining increasing attention. Perturbations in the diversity, composition, and function of the gut microbiota have been causally linked to numerous disorders, and robust evidence has identified gut dysbiosis as a determinant of BP elevation in various populations. In this brief review, we summarize …

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A Review Of Methods Of Assessing Preference For Social Stimuli, Samuel L. Morris, Madison L. Gallagher, Alva E. Allen Apr 2023

A Review Of Methods Of Assessing Preference For Social Stimuli, Samuel L. Morris, Madison L. Gallagher, Alva E. Allen

Faculty Publications

Research on preference and reinforcer assessments has historically focused on the evaluation of edible and leisure reinforcers, but the identification and use of individualized social reinforcers may be beneficial for several reasons. Recently, many studies have evaluated methods of assessing preference for social stimuli. The procedures and outcomes across these studies have varied greatly, and the current state of evidence for methods of assessing preference for social stimuli remains unclear. Thus, we conducted a review to synthesize all previous research in this area, evaluate the evidence for the utility of this general methodology, and identify factors that may influence its …

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The Impact Of Covid-19, Mental Health Distress, And School-Based Sociocultural Protective Factors Among Elementary-Aged Children And Their Caregivers, Aijah K.B. Goodwin, Anthony J. Roberson, Ar’Reon Watson, Grace L. Chen, Anna C.J. Long Apr 2023

The Impact Of Covid-19, Mental Health Distress, And School-Based Sociocultural Protective Factors Among Elementary-Aged Children And Their Caregivers, Aijah K.B. Goodwin, Anthony J. Roberson, Ar’Reon Watson, Grace L. Chen, Anna C.J. Long

Faculty Publications

Given the individual and systemic stress endured by children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic, research examining culturally responsive school experiences and supports to enhance resilience is critical. This study examined the relationship between caregivers’ perceptions of COVID-19 impact, mental health distress among children and caregivers, and school-based sociocultural protective factors, including culturally responsive practices in schools and the relationships between teachers and caregivers, concurrently and longitudinally. Data were collected from caregivers of elementary-aged children at two-time points from March to April 2020 (N = 174) and one year later in 2021 (N = 114). Regression analyses revealed that COVID-19 …

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Environmental Attitudes And Fertility Desires Among Us Adolescents From 2005–2019, Heather M. Rackin, Alison Gemmill, Caroline Sten Hartnett Apr 2023

Environmental Attitudes And Fertility Desires Among Us Adolescents From 2005–2019, Heather M. Rackin, Alison Gemmill, Caroline Sten Hartnett

Faculty Publications

Objective: This brief report examines links between environmental attitudes and fertility desires over time in the United States. Background: To understand fertility decision making, it is important to identify factors that influence fertility desires. Concerns about environmental problems may be associated with lower desired fertility, especially in recent cohorts transitioning to adulthood. Youth may feel that having one less child can reduce their “carbon footprint” or may be unwilling to bring children into an uncertain and difficult future due to climate change. Method: Data are from 12th graders in the Monitoring the Future study (2005–2019; N = 34,104). Regression is …

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Total Daily Energy Expenditure Has Declined Over The Past Three Decades Due To Declining Basal Expenditure, Not Reduced Activity Expenditure, John R. Speakman, Jasper M.A. De Jong, Srishti Sinha, Klaas R. Westerterp, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N. Ainslie, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Pascal Bovet, Soren Brage, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G.J.A. Camps, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Peter S.W. Davies, Lara R. Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Melanie Gillingham, Santu Ghosh, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G. Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Hinke H. Haisma Apr 2023

Total Daily Energy Expenditure Has Declined Over The Past Three Decades Due To Declining Basal Expenditure, Not Reduced Activity Expenditure, John R. Speakman, Jasper M.A. De Jong, Srishti Sinha, Klaas R. Westerterp, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N. Ainslie, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Pascal Bovet, Soren Brage, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G.J.A. Camps, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Peter S.W. Davies, Lara R. Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Melanie Gillingham, Santu Ghosh, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G. Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Hinke H. Haisma

Faculty Publications

Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance1,2. Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced activity levels contributes is debated3,4. Here we show that in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over time. We use the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labelled Water database on energy expenditure of adults in the United States and Europe (n = 4,799) to explore patterns in total (TEE: n = 4,799), basal (BEE: n = 1,432) and physical activity energy expenditure (n = 1,432) over time. …

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Consumers’ Acceptance, Emotions, And Responsiveness To Informational Cues For Air-Fried Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) Skin Chips, Silvia Murillo, Ryan Ardoin, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul Apr 2023

Consumers’ Acceptance, Emotions, And Responsiveness To Informational Cues For Air-Fried Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) Skin Chips, Silvia Murillo, Ryan Ardoin, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul

Faculty Publications

Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) skins, as filleting byproduct, were developed into a crispy snack food via air-frying. Consumers rated catfish skin chips (CSC) across sensory modalities (9-point hedonic scales, a just-about-right scale, and “yes/no” for purchase intent, PI) for Plain-, Lemon & Pepper-, and Barbecue-flavored samples during two consumer studies (N = 115 each). Paprika- flavored CSC were excluded from Study 2 due to inferior acceptance and emotional ratings. CSC-elicited emotions were evaluated using a 25-term lexicon with CATA (Check-All-That-Apply) scaling (Study 1) and refined with an abbreviated lexicon containing food-evoked sensation-seeking emotions (5-point intensity scale). The two consumer studies differed …

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Stable Isotope Tracing Reveals An Altered Fate Of Glucose In N-Acetyltransferase 1 Knockout Breast Cancer Cells, James T.F. Wise, Xinmin Yin, Xipeng Ma, Xiang Zhang, David W. Hein Apr 2023

Stable Isotope Tracing Reveals An Altered Fate Of Glucose In N-Acetyltransferase 1 Knockout Breast Cancer Cells, James T.F. Wise, Xinmin Yin, Xipeng Ma, Xiang Zhang, David W. Hein

Faculty Publications

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Recent studies found that arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is frequently upregulated in breast cancer, further suggesting NAT1 could be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. Previous publications have established that NAT1 knockout (KO) in breast cancer cell lines leads to growth reduction both in vitro and in vivo and metabolic changes. These reports suggest that NAT1 contributes to the energy metabolism of breast cancer cells. Proteomic analysis and non-targeted metabolomics suggested that NAT1 KO may change the fate of glucose as it relates to the TCA/KREB cycle of …

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Measurement Of The Neutron Cross Section On Argon Between 95 And 720 Mev, S. Martynenko, B. Bhandari, J. Bian, K. Bilton, C. Callahan, J. Chaves, H. Chen, D. Cline, R. L. Cooper, D. L. Danielson, J. Danielson, N. Dokania, S. Elliott, S. Fernandes, S. Gardiner, G. Garvey, V. Gehman, F. Giuliani, S. Glavin, M. Gold, C. Grant, E. Guardincerri, T. Haines, A. Higuera, J. Y. Ji, R. Kadel, N. Kamp, A. Karlin, W. Ketchum, L. W. Koerner, D. Lee, K. Lee, Q. Liu Apr 2023

Measurement Of The Neutron Cross Section On Argon Between 95 And 720 Mev, S. Martynenko, B. Bhandari, J. Bian, K. Bilton, C. Callahan, J. Chaves, H. Chen, D. Cline, R. L. Cooper, D. L. Danielson, J. Danielson, N. Dokania, S. Elliott, S. Fernandes, S. Gardiner, G. Garvey, V. Gehman, F. Giuliani, S. Glavin, M. Gold, C. Grant, E. Guardincerri, T. Haines, A. Higuera, J. Y. Ji, R. Kadel, N. Kamp, A. Karlin, W. Ketchum, L. W. Koerner, D. Lee, K. Lee, Q. Liu

Faculty Publications

We report an extended measurement of the neutron cross section on argon in the energy range of 95-720 MeV. The measurement was obtained with a 4.3-hour exposure of the Mini-CAPTAIN detector to the WNR/LANSCE beam at LANL. Compared to an earlier analysis of the same data, this extended analysis includes a reassessment of systematic uncertainties, in particular related to unused wires in the upstream part of the detector. Using this information we doubled the fiducial volume in the experiment and increased the statistics by a factor of 2.4. We also shifted the analysis from energy bins to time-of-flight bins. This …

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Evaluation Of Alternative Colony Hybridization Methods For Pathogenic Vibrios, Andrew M. Schwartz, Haley A. Marcotte, Crystal N. Johnson Apr 2023

Evaluation Of Alternative Colony Hybridization Methods For Pathogenic Vibrios, Andrew M. Schwartz, Haley A. Marcotte, Crystal N. Johnson

Faculty Publications

Vibrios, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, are naturally occurring halophilic bacteria that are a major cause of foodborne illness. Because of their autochthonous nature, managing vibrio levels in marine and estuarine environments is impossible. Instead, it is crucial to reliably enumerate their abundance to minimize human exposure. One method of achieving this is the direct plating/colony hybridization (DP/CH) method, which has been used to efficiently quantify pathogenic vibrios in oysters and other seafood products. Although successful, the method relies on proprietary resources. We examined alternative approaches, assessed the influence of the reagent suppliers’ source on enumeration accuracy, and made experimental adjustments …

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The Fermi-Lat Lightcurve Repository, S. Abdollahi, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi, R. Bonino, A. Brill, P. Bruel, E. Burns, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, N. Cibrario, S. Ciprini, P. Cristarella Orestano, M. Crnogorcevic, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, S. De Gaetano, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, V. Fallah Ramazani, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, H. Fleischhack Apr 2023

The Fermi-Lat Lightcurve Repository, S. Abdollahi, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, E. Bissaldi, R. Bonino, A. Brill, P. Bruel, E. Burns, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, N. Cibrario, S. Ciprini, P. Cristarella Orestano, M. Crnogorcevic, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, S. De Gaetano, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, V. Fallah Ramazani, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, H. Fleischhack

Faculty Publications

The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) lightcurve repository (LCR) is a publicly available, continually updated library of gamma-ray lightcurves of variable Fermi-LAT sources generated over multiple timescales. The Fermi-LAT LCR aims to provide publication-quality lightcurves binned on timescales of 3, 7, and 30 days for 1525 sources deemed variable in the source catalog of the first 10 yr of Fermi-LAT observations. The repository consists of lightcurves generated through full likelihood analyses that model the sources and the surrounding region, providing fluxes and photon indices for each time bin. The LCR is intended as a resource for the time-domain and multimessenger …

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Minimal Volume Entropy Of Raag's, Matthew Haulmark, Kevin Schreve Apr 2023

Minimal Volume Entropy Of Raag's, Matthew Haulmark, Kevin Schreve

Faculty Publications

Bregman and Clay recently characterized which right-angled Artin groups with geometric dimension 2 have vanishing minimal volume entropy. In this note, we extend this characterization to higher dimensions.

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Moa-2020-Blg-208lb: Cool Sub-Saturn-Mass Planet Within Predicted Desert, Greg Olmschenk, David P. Bennett, Ian A. Bond, Weicheng Zang, Youn Kil Jung, Jennifer C. Yee, Etienne Bachelet, Fumio Abe, Richard K. Barry, Aparna Bhattacharya, Hirosane Fujii, Akihiko Fukui, Yuki Hirao, Stela Ishitani Silva, Yoshitaka Itow, Rintaro Kirikawa, Iona Kondo, Naoki Koshimoto, Yutaka Matsubara, Sho Matsumoto, Shota Miyazaki, Brandon Munford, Yasushi Muraki, Arisa Okamura, Clément Ranc, Nicholas J. Rattenbury, Yuki Satoh, Takahiro Sumi, Daisuke Suzuki, Taiga Toda, Paul J. Tristram, Aikaterini Vandorou, Hibiki Yama Apr 2023

Moa-2020-Blg-208lb: Cool Sub-Saturn-Mass Planet Within Predicted Desert, Greg Olmschenk, David P. Bennett, Ian A. Bond, Weicheng Zang, Youn Kil Jung, Jennifer C. Yee, Etienne Bachelet, Fumio Abe, Richard K. Barry, Aparna Bhattacharya, Hirosane Fujii, Akihiko Fukui, Yuki Hirao, Stela Ishitani Silva, Yoshitaka Itow, Rintaro Kirikawa, Iona Kondo, Naoki Koshimoto, Yutaka Matsubara, Sho Matsumoto, Shota Miyazaki, Brandon Munford, Yasushi Muraki, Arisa Okamura, Clément Ranc, Nicholas J. Rattenbury, Yuki Satoh, Takahiro Sumi, Daisuke Suzuki, Taiga Toda, Paul J. Tristram, Aikaterini Vandorou, Hibiki Yama

Faculty Publications

We analyze the MOA-2020-BLG-208 gravitational microlensing event and present the discovery and characterization of a new planet, MOA-2020-BLG-208Lb, with an estimated sub-Saturn mass. With a mass ratio q=3.17-0.26+0.28×10-4, the planet lies near the peak of the mass-ratio function derived by the MOA collaboration and near the edge of expected sample sensitivity. For these estimates we provide results using two mass-law priors: one assuming that all stars have an equal planet-hosting probability, and the other assuming that planets are more likely to orbit around more massive stars. In the first scenario, we estimate that the lens system is likely to be …

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Kepler K2 Campaign 9 – Ii. First Space-Based Discovery Of An Exoplanet Using Microlensing, D. Specht, R. Poleski, M. T. Penny, E. Kerins, I. Mcdonald, Lee Chung-Uk, A. Udalski, I. A. Bond, Y. Shvartzvald, Weicheng Zang, R. A. Street, D. W. Hogg, B. S. Gaudi, T. Barclay, G. Barentsen, S. B. Howell, F. Mullally, C. B. Henderson, S. T. Bryson, D. A. Caldwell, M. R. Haas, J. E. Van Cleve, K. Larson, K. Mccalmont, C. Peterson, D. Putnam, S. Ross, M. Packard, L. Reedy, Michael D. Albrow, Chung Sun-Ju, Youn Kil Jung, Andrew Gould Apr 2023

Kepler K2 Campaign 9 – Ii. First Space-Based Discovery Of An Exoplanet Using Microlensing, D. Specht, R. Poleski, M. T. Penny, E. Kerins, I. Mcdonald, Lee Chung-Uk, A. Udalski, I. A. Bond, Y. Shvartzvald, Weicheng Zang, R. A. Street, D. W. Hogg, B. S. Gaudi, T. Barclay, G. Barentsen, S. B. Howell, F. Mullally, C. B. Henderson, S. T. Bryson, D. A. Caldwell, M. R. Haas, J. E. Van Cleve, K. Larson, K. Mccalmont, C. Peterson, D. Putnam, S. Ross, M. Packard, L. Reedy, Michael D. Albrow, Chung Sun-Ju, Youn Kil Jung, Andrew Gould

Faculty Publications

We present K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb, a densely sampled, planetary binary caustic-crossing microlensing event found from a blind search of data gathered from Campaign 9 of the Kepler K2 mission (K2C9). K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb is the first bound microlensing exoplanet discovered from space-based data. The event has caustic entry and exit points that are resolved in the K2C9 data, enabling the lens-source relative proper motion to be measured. We have fitted a binary microlens model to the Kepler data and to simultaneous observations from multiple ground-based surveys. Whilst the ground-based data only sparsely sample the binary caustic, they provide a clear detection of parallax that …

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Application Of The Variational Autoencoder To Detect The Critical Points Of The Anisotropic Ising Model, Anshumitra Baul, Nicholas Walker, Juana Moreno, Ka Ming Tam Apr 2023

Application Of The Variational Autoencoder To Detect The Critical Points Of The Anisotropic Ising Model, Anshumitra Baul, Nicholas Walker, Juana Moreno, Ka Ming Tam

Faculty Publications

We generalize the previous study on the application of variational autoencoders to the two-dimensional Ising model to a system with anisotropy. Due to the self-duality property of the system, the critical points can be located exactly for the entire range of anisotropic coupling. This presents an excellent test bed for the validity of using a variational autoencoder to characterize an anisotropic classical model. We reproduce the phase diagram for a wide range of anisotropic couplings and temperatures via a variational autoencoder without the explicit construction of an order parameter. Considering that the partition function of (d+1)-dimensional anisotropic models can be …

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Blow-Up Criteria Below Scaling For Defocusing Energy-Supercritical Nls And Quantitative Global Scattering Bounds, Aynur Bulut Apr 2023

Blow-Up Criteria Below Scaling For Defocusing Energy-Supercritical Nls And Quantitative Global Scattering Bounds, Aynur Bulut

Faculty Publications

We establish quantitative blow-up criteria below the scaling threshold for radially symmetric solutions to the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonlinearity |u|6 u. This provides to our knowledge the first generic results distinguishing potential blow-up solutions of the defocusing equation from many of the known examples of blow-up in the focusing case. Our main tool is a quantitative version of a result showing that uniform bounds on L2-based critical Sobolev norms imply scattering estimates. As another application of our techniques, we establish a variant which allows for slow growth in the critical norm. We show that if …

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Ecophysiology And Genomics Of The Brackish Water Adapted Sar11 Subclade Iiia, V. Celeste Lanclos, Anna N. Rasmussen, Conner Y. Kojima, Chuankai Cheng, Michael W. Henson, Brant C. Faircloth, Christopher A. Francis, J. Cameron Thrash Apr 2023

Ecophysiology And Genomics Of The Brackish Water Adapted Sar11 Subclade Iiia, V. Celeste Lanclos, Anna N. Rasmussen, Conner Y. Kojima, Chuankai Cheng, Michael W. Henson, Brant C. Faircloth, Christopher A. Francis, J. Cameron Thrash

Faculty Publications

The Order Pelagibacterales (SAR11) is the most abundant group of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in global oceans and comprises multiple subclades with unique spatiotemporal distributions. Subclade IIIa is the primary SAR11 group in brackish waters and shares a common ancestor with the dominant freshwater IIIb (LD12) subclade. Despite its dominance in brackish environments, subclade IIIa lacks systematic genomic or ecological studies. Here, we combine closed genomes from new IIIa isolates, new IIIa MAGS from San Francisco Bay (SFB), and 460 highly complete publicly available SAR11 genomes for the most comprehensive pangenomic study of subclade IIIa to date. Subclade IIIa represents a taxonomic …

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