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Lsu Research Fall 2011, Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College

Research Magazine

LSU Research is published annually by the Office of Research & Economic Development, Louisiana State University.

Identification, Replication, And Fine-Mapping Of Loci Associated With Adult Height In Individuals Of African Ancestry, Amidou N'Diaye, Gary K. Chen, Cameron D. Palmer, Bing Ge, Bamidele Tayo, Rasika A. Mathias, Jingzhong Ding, Michael A. Nalls, Adebowale Adeyemo, Véronique Adoue, Christine B. Ambrosone, Larry Atwood, Elisa V. Bandera, Lewis C. Becker, Sonja I. Berndt, Leslie Bernstein, William J. Blot, Eric Boerwinkle, Angela Britton, Graham Casey, Stephen J. Chanock, Ellen Demerath, Sandra L. Deming, W. Ryan Diver, Caroline Fox, Tamara B. Harris, Dena G. Hernandez, Jennifer J. Hu, Sue A. Ingles, Esther M. John, Craig Johnson, Brendan Keating, Rick A. Kittles

Faculty Publications

Adult height is a classic polygenic trait of high heritability (h 2 ~0.8). More than 180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified mostly in populations of European descent, are associated with height. These variants convey modest effects and explain ~10% of the variance in height. Discovery efforts in other populations, while limited, have revealed loci for height not previously implicated in individuals of European ancestry. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) results for adult height in 20,427 individuals of African ancestry with replication in up to 16,436 African Americans. We found two novel height loci (Xp22-rs12393627, P = …

Relative Humidity Preference And Survival Of Starved Formosan Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) At Various Temperature And Relative Humidity Conditions, Bal K. Gautam, Gregg Henderson

Faculty Publications

Foraging groups of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were tested for their relative humidity (RH) preference in a humidity gradient arena in the laboratory at a constant temperature of 26°G Five RH levels (9%, 33%, 53%, 75%, and 98%) were maintained in the test arena comprising of a series of closed containers by using dry silica gel, saturated salt solutions, or distilled water alone. Termites gradually aggregated to the highest RH chamber in the arena. After 1h, a significantly greater percentage of termites (≈46%) aggregated to the highest RH chamber (98%) than to the lower RH chambers (≤75%). After …

Lineage Diversification And Morphological Evolution In A Large-Scale Continental Radiation: The Neotropical Ovenbirds And Woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae), Elizabeth P. Derryberry, Santiago Claramunt, Graham Derryberry, R. Terry Chesser, Joel Cracraft, Alexandre Aleixo, Jorge Pérez-Emán, J. V. Remsen, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

Patterns of diversification in species-rich clades provide insight into the processes that generate biological diversity. We tested different models of lineage and phenotypic diversification in an exceptional continental radiation, the ovenbird family Furnariidae, using the most complete species-level phylogenetic hypothesis produced to date for a major avian clade (97% of 293 species). We found that the Furnariidae exhibit nearly constant rates of lineage accumulation but show evidence of constrained morphological evolution. This pattern of sustained high rates of speciation despite limitations on phenotypic evolution contrasts with the results of most previous studies of evolutionary radiations, which have found a pattern …

Endurance And Resistance Training Lowers C-Reactive Protein In Young, Healthy Females, Laura A. Daray, Tara M. Henagan, Michael Zanovec, Conrad P. Earnest, Lisa G. Johnson, Jason Winchester, Georgianna Tuuri, Laura K. Stewart

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine whether endurance (E) or endurance + resistance (ER) training affects C-reactive protein (CRP) and if these changes are related to alterations in fitness and (or) body composition in young females. Thirty-eight females (aged 18-24 years) were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) E, (2) ER or (3) active control (AC). The E and ER groups completed 15 weeks of marathon training. The ER group performed additional resistance training and the AC group maintained their usual exercise routine. Primary outcomes were measured pre- and post-training and included anthropometric indices, dual-energy x-ray absorption …

F11rs Sgr No. 9 (Composting), Wyatt, Trout, O'Pry

Student Senate Enrolled Legislation

A RESOLUTION

To urge and request the establishment of a campus-wide composting program at Louisiana State University

A Once And Future Gulf Of Mexico Ecosystem: Restoration Recommendations Of An Expert Working Group, Charles H. Peterson, Felicia C. Coleman, Jeremy B. C. Jackson, R. Eugene Turner, Gilbert T. Rowe, Richard T. Barber, Karen A. Bjorndal, Robert S. Carney, Robert K. Cowen, Jonathan M. Hoekstra, James T. Hollibaugh, Shirley B. Laska, Richard A. Luettich, Jr., Craig W. Osenberg, Stephen E. Roady, Stanley Senner, John M. Teal, Ping Wong

Faculty Publications

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) well blowout released more petroleum hydrocarbons into the marine environment than any previous U.S. oil spill (4.9 million barrels), fouling marine life, damaging deep sea and shoreline habitats and causing closures of economically valuable fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico. A suite of pollutants—liquid and gaseous petroleum compounds plus chemical dispersants—poured into ecosystems that had already been stressed by overfishing, development and global climate change. Beyond the direct effects that were captured in dramatic photographs of oiled birds in the media, it is likely that there are subtle, delayed, indirect and potentially synergistic impacts of these …

Tracking Spectral Shapes And Temporal Dynamics Along A Femtosecond Filament, Emilia Schulz, Daniel S. Steingrube, Thomas Binhammer, Mette B. Gaarde, Arnaud Couairon, Uwe Morgner, Milutin Kovačev

Faculty Publications

The spectral evolution of a high-intensity light channel formed by filamentation is investigated in a detailed experimental study. We also track the spatio-temporal dynamics by high-order harmonic generation along the filament. Both the spectral and temporal diagnostics are performed as a function of propagation distance, by extracting the light pulses directly from the hot filament core into vacuum via pinholes that terminate the nonlinear propagation. We compare the measured spectral shapes to simulations and analyze numerically the temporal dynamics inside the filament. © 2011 Optical Society of America.

Cryopreservation Of Spin-Dried Mammalian Cells, Nilay Chakraborty, Michael A. Menze, Jason Malsam, Alptekin Aksan, Steven C. Hand, Mehmet Toner

Faculty Publications

This study reports an alternative approach to achieve vitrification where cells are pre-desiccated prior to cooling to cryogenic temperatures for storage. Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells suspended in a trehalose solution were rapidly and uniformly desiccated to a low moisture content (< 0.12 g of water per g of dry weight) using a spin-drying technique. Trehalose was also introduced into the cells using a high-capacity trehalose transporter (TRET1). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to examine the uniformity of water concentration distribution in the spin-dried samples. 62% of the cells were shown to survive spin-drying in the presence of trehalose following immediate rehydration. The spin-dried samples were stored in liquid nitrogen (LN 2) at a vitrified state. It was shown that following re-warming to room temperature and re-hydration with a fully complemented cell culture medium, 51% of the spin-dried and vitrified cells survived and demonstrated normal growth characteristics. Spin-drying is a novel strategy that can be used to improve cryopreservation outcome by promoting rapid vitrification. © 2011 Chakraborty et al.

Structure-Based Development Of Small Molecule Pfkfb3 Inhibitors: A Framework For Potential Cancer Therapeutic Agents Targeting The Warburg Effect, Minsuh Seo, Jeong Do Kim, David Neau, Inder Sehgal, Yong Hwan Lee

Faculty Publications

Cancer cells adopt glycolysis as the major source of metabolic energy production for fast cell growth. The HIF-1-induced PFKFB3 plays a key role in this adaptation by elevating the concentration of Fru-2,6-BP, the most potent glycolysis stimulator. As this metabolic conversion has been suggested to be a hallmark of cancer, PFKFB3 has emerged as a novel target for cancer chemotherapy. Here, we report that a small molecular inhibitor, N4A, was identified as an initial lead compound for PFKFB3 inhibitor with therapeutic potential. In an attempt to improve its potency, we determined the crystal structure of the PFKFB3•N4A complex to 2.4 …

Aebp2 As An Epigenetic Regulator For Neural Crest Cells, Hana Kim, Keunsoo Kang, Muhammad B. Ekram, Tae Young Roh, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

Aebp2 is a potential targeting protein for the mammalian Polycomb Repression Complex 2 (PRC2). We generated a mutant mouse line disrupting the transcription of Aebp2 to investigate its in vivo roles. Aebp2-mutant homozygotes were embryonic lethal while heterozygotes survived to adulthood with fertility. In developing mouse embryos, Aebp2 is expressed mainly within cells of neural crest origin. In addition, many heterozygotes display a set of phenotypes, enlarged colon and hypopigmentation, similar to those observed in human patients with Hirschsprung's disease and Waardenburg syndrome. These phenotypes are usually caused by the absence of the neural crest-derived ganglia in hindguts and melanocytes. …

Highly Efficient Extraction Of Phenolic Compounds By Use Of Magnetic Room Temperature Ionic Liquids For Environmental Remediation, Ning Deng, Min Li, Lijie Zhao, Chengfei Lu, Sergio L. De Rooy, Isiah M. Warner

Faculty Publications

A hydrophobic magnetic room temperature ionic liquid (MRTIL), trihexyltetradecylphosphonium tetrachloroferrate(III) ([3C 6PC 14][FeCl 4]), was synthesized from trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride and FeCl 3·6H 2O. This MRTIL was investigated as a possible separation agent for solvent extraction of phenolic compounds from aqueous solution. Due to its strong paramagnetism, [3C 6PC 14][FeCl 4] responds to an external neodymium magnet, which was employed in the design of a novel magnetic extraction technique. The conditions for extraction, including extraction time, volume ratio between MRTIL and aqueous phase, pH of aqueous solution, and structures of phenolic compounds were investigated and optimized. The magnetic extraction of phenols …

The Genome Of The Extremophile Crucifer Thellungiella Parvula, Maheshi Dassanayake, Dong Ha Oh, Jeffrey S. Haas, Alvaro Hernandez, Hyewon Hong, Shahjahan Ali, Dae Jin Yun, Ray A. Bressan, Jian Kang Zhu, Hans J. Bohnert, John M. Cheeseman

Faculty Publications

Thellungiella parvula is related to Arabidopsis thaliana and is endemic to saline, resource-poor habitats, making it a model for the evolution of plant adaptation to extreme environments. Here we present the draft genome for this extremophile species. Exclusively by next generation sequencing, we obtained the de novo assembled genome in 1,496 gap-free contigs, closely approximating the estimated genome size of 140 Mb. We anchored these contigs to seven pseudo chromosomes without the use of maps. We show that short reads can be assembled to a near-complete chromosome level for a eukaryotic species lacking prior genetic information. The sequence identifies a …

Enhancing Arabidopsis Leaf Growth By Engineering The Brassinosteroid Insensitive1 Receptor Kinase, Man Ho Oh, Jindong Sun, Dong Ha Oh, Raymond E. Zielinski, Steven D. Clouse, Steven C. Huber

Faculty Publications

The BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) receptor kinase has recently been shown to possess tyrosine kinase activity, and preventing autophosphorylation of the tyrosine-831 regulatory site by site-directed mutagenesis enhances shoot growth. In this study, we characterized the increased leaf growth of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing BRI1(Y831F)-Flag compared with BRI1-Flag (both driven by the native promoter and expressed in the bri1-5 weak allele background) and provide insights into the possible mechanisms involved. On average, relative leaf growth rate was increased 16% in the Y831F plants (in the bri1-5 background), and the gain of function of the Y831F-directed mutant was dominant in the …

Stat5a Expression In Swiss 3t3 Cells Promotes Adipogenesis In Vivo In An Athymic Mice Model System, William C. Stewart, Lisa A. Pearcy, Z. Elizabeth Floyd, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

Many studies from our laboratories and others have shown that STAT5 expression and activity are increased during adipogenesis of murine and human adipocytes. Ectopic expression of STAT5A in fibroblasts or preadipocytes can confer or enhance adipogenesis. To determine whether STAT5A also plays a role in adipogenesis in vivo, we injected athymic mice with Swiss 3T3 cells expressing an empty pBABE retrovirus, Swiss cells expressing a pBABE retrovirus-containing STAT5A, or 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. Athymic mice injected with either 3T3-F442A cells or Swiss 3T3 cells expressing STAT5A resulted in fat pad formation at the site of injection. However, mice injected with Swiss cells …

Functional Genomics Of Physiological Plasticity And Local Adaptation In Killifish, Andrew Whitehead, Fernando Galvez, Shujun Zhang, Larissa M. Williams, Marjorie F. Oleksiak

Faculty Publications

Evolutionary solutions to the physiological challenges of life in highly variable habitats can span the continuum from evolution of a cosmopolitan plastic phenotype to the evolution of locally adapted phenotypes. Killifish (Fundulus sp.) have evolved both highly plastic and locally adapted phenotypes within different selective contexts, providing a comparative system in which to explore the genomic underpinnings of physiological plasticity and adaptive variation. Importantly, extensive variation exists among populations and species for tolerance to a variety of stressors, and we exploit this variation in comparative studies to yield insights into the genomic basis of evolved phenotypic variation. Notably, species of …

Faculty Senate Newsletter, September 2011, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College

LSU Faculty Senate Publications

Message from President: It would be fair enough to borrow from Shakespeare and proclaim the long budget crisis, which bodes to run from 2008 until 2013, as the fully nuclear winter of our discontent. Alas for the spirits of sorrow, the perpetual summer of our tropical state leaves us without adequate imagery to describe the gloom that pervades a campus that has been daunted by the people’s penury and demoralized by unaccountable private critics of exposed public servants. As Shakespeare well understood when he analyzed King Richard III, the deformity of the world eventually deforms even the strongest soul. Several …

Calophya Latiforceps, A New Species Of Jumping Plant Lice (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) Associated With Schinus Terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) In Brazil, D. Burckhardt, J. P. Cuda, V. Manrique, R. Diaz, W. A. Overholt, D. A. Williams, L. R. Christ, M. D. Vitorino

Faculty Publications

Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, is a perennial woody plant native to Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay that is recognized as one of the most invasive weeds in Florida. A new species of leaflet galling psyllid was discovered attacking Brazilian peppertree in Bahia, Brazil in March 2010. In this paper, a formal morphological description of the new psyllid Calophya latiforceps sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) is presented along with molecular evidence confirming new species designation. This previously unknown natural enemy may have potential as a biological control agent for the Brazilian peppertree. Copyright © 2011 BioOne All rights reserved.

Arabidopsis Rtnlb1 And Rtnlb2 Reticulon-Like Proteins Regulate Intracellular Trafficking And Activity Of The Fls2 Immune Receptor, Hyoung Yool Lee, Christopher Hyde Bowen, George Viorel Popescu, Hong Gu Kang, Naohiro Kato, Shisong Ma, Savithramma Dinesh-Kumar, Michael Snyder, Sorina Claudia Popescu

Faculty Publications

Receptors localized at the plasma membrane are critical for the recognition of pathogens. The molecular determinants that regulate receptor transport to the plasma membrane are poorly understood. In a screen for proteins that interact with the FLAGELIN-SENSITIVE2 (FLS2) receptor using Arabidopsis thaliana protein microarrays, we identified the reticulon-like protein RTNLB1. We showed that FLS2 interacts in vivo with both RTNLB1 and its homolog RTNLB2 and that a Ser-rich region in the N-terminal tail of RTNLB1 is critical for the interaction with FLS2. Transgenic plants that lack RTNLB1 and RTNLB2 (rtnlb1 rtnlb2) or overexpress RTNLB1 (RTNLB1ox) exhibit reduced activation of FLS2-dependent …

Decoding The Genome With An Integrative Analysis Tool: Combinatorial Crm Decoder, Keunsoo Kang, Joomyeong Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Daeyoup Lee

Faculty Publications

The identification of genome-wide cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) and characterization of their associated epigenetic features are fundamental steps toward the understanding of gene regulatory networks. Although integrative analysis of available genome-wide information can provide new biological insights, the lack of novel methodologies has become a major bottleneck. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis tool called combinatorial CRM decoder (CCD), which utilizes the publicly available information to identify and characterize genome-wide CRMs in a species of interest. CCD first defines a set of the epigenetic features which is significantly associated with a set of known CRMs as a code called 'trace code', …

Nonadaptive Evolution Of Mitochondrial Genome Size, Bastien Boussau, Jeremy M. Brown, Matthew K. Fujita

Faculty Publications

Genomes vary greatly in size and complexity, and identifying the evolutionary forces that have generated this variation remains a major goal in biology. A controversial proposal is that most changes in genome size are initially deleterious and therefore are linked to episodes of decrease in effective population sizes. Support for this hypothesis comes from large-scale comparative analyses, but vanishes when phylogenetic nonindependence is taken into account. Another approach to test this hypothesis involves analyzing sequence evolution among clades where duplications have recently fixed. Here we show that episodes of fixation of duplications in mitochondrial genomes of the gecko Heteronotia binoei …

Stationary Distributions Of The Bernoulli Type Galton-Watson Branching Process With Immigration, Yoshinori Uchimura, Kimiaki Saitô

Communications on Stochastic Analysis

No abstract provided.

Crystal Structure Of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 In An Active Conformation With Normal Thermodynamic Stability, Jan K. Jensen, Lawrence C. Thompson, Joel C. Bucci, Poul Nissen, Peter G.W. Gettins, Cynthia B. Peterson, Peter A. Andreasen, J. Preben Morth

Faculty Publications

The serpin plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a crucial regulator in fibrinolysis and tissue remodeling. PAI-1 has been associated with several pathological conditions and is a validated prognostic marker in human cancers. However, structural information about the native inhibitory form of PAI-1 has been elusive because of its inherent conformational instability and rapid conversion to a latent, inactive structure. Here we report the crystal structure of PAI-1 W175F at 2.3 Å resolution as the first model of the metastable native molecule. Structural comparison with a quadruple mutant (14-1B) previously used as representative of the active state uncovered key differences. The …

Intraspecific Aflatoxin Inhibition In Aspergillus Flavus Is Thigmoregulated, Independent Of Vegetative Compatibility Group And Is Strain Dependent, Changwei Huang, Archana Jha, Rebecca Sweany, Catherine Derobertis, Kenneth E. Damann

Faculty Publications

Biological control of preharvest aflatoxin contamination by atoxigenic stains of Aspergillus flavus has been demonstrated in several crops. The assumption is that some form of competition suppresses the fungus's ability to infect or produce aflatoxin when challenged. Intraspecific aflatoxin inhibition was demonstrated by others. This work investigates the mechanistic basis of that phenomenon. A toxigenic and atoxigenic isolate of A. flavus which exhibited intraspecific aflatoxin inhibition when grown together in suspended disc culture were not inhibited when grown in a filter insert-plate well system separated by a.4 or 3 μm membrane. Toxigenic and atoxigenic conidial mixtures (50:50) placed on both …

Investigation Of Dose Perturbations And The Radiographic Visibility Of Potential Fiducials For Proton Radiation Therapy Of The Prostate, Jessie Y. Huang, Wayne D. Newhauser, X. Ronald Zhu, Andrew K. Lee, Rajat J. Kudchadker

Faculty Publications

Image guidance using implanted fiducial markers is commonly used to ensure accurate and reproducible target positioning in radiation therapy for prostate cancer. The ideal fiducial marker is clearly visible in kV imaging, does not perturb the therapeutic dose in the target volume and does not cause any artifacts on the CT images used for treatment planning. As yet, ideal markers that fully meet all three of these criteria have not been reported. In this study, 12 fiducial markers were evaluated for their potential clinical utility in proton radiation therapy for prostate cancer. In order to identify the good candidates, each …

Structural And Biochemical Insights Into The Mechanism Of Fosfomycin Phosphorylation By Fosfomycin Resistance Kinase Foma, Svetlana Pakhomova, Sue G. Bartlett, Pamela A. Doerner, Marcia E. Newcomer

Faculty Publications

We present here the crystal structures of fosfomycin resistance protein (FomA) complexed with MgATP, with ATP and fosfomycin, with MgADP and fosfomycin vanadate, with MgADP and the product of the enzymatic reaction, fosfomycin monophosphate, and with ADP at 1.87, 1.58, 1.85, 1.57, and 1.85 Å resolution, respectively. Structures of these complexes that approximate different reaction steps allowed us to distinguish the catalytically active conformation of ATP and to reconstruct the model of the MgATP•fosfomycin complex. According to the model, the triphosphate tail of the nucleotide is aligned toward the phosphonate moiety of fosfomycin, in contast to the previously published MgAMPPNP …

Escherichia Coli Topoisomerase I Is An Iron And Zinc Binding Protein, Jianxin Lu, Wu Wang, Guoqiang Tan, Aaron P. Landry, Peng Yi, Fan Si, Yaguang Ren, Huangen Ding

Faculty Publications

Escherichia coli topoisomerase I (TopA) cleaves and rejoins one strand of double-stranded DNA to relax the negatively supercoiled DNA. Structurally, TopA contains an N-terminal catalytic fragment and a C-terminal zinc-binding region that is required for relaxation of the negatively supercoiled DNA. Here we report that E. coli TopA is an iron and zinc binding protein. The UV-Vis absorption measurements and metal content analyses reveal that TopA purified from E. coli cells grown in the rich LB medium contains both iron and zinc. However, TopA purified from E. coli cells grown in the M9 minimal medium has negligible amounts of zinc …

Detection Of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals At A Superfund Wood Treating Site, Albert Leo N. Dela Cruz, William Gehling, Slawomir Lomnicki, Robert Cook, Barry Dellinger

Faculty Publications

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have previously been observed in association with combustion-generated particles and airborne PM 2.5 (particulate matter, d < 2.5um). The purpose of this study was to determine if similar radicals were present in soils and sediments at Superfund sites. The site was a former wood treating facility containing pentachlorophenol (PCP) as a major contaminant. Both contaminated and noncontaminated (just outside the contaminated area) soil samples were collected. The samples were subjected to the conventional humic substances (HS) extraction procedure. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to measure the EPFR concentrations and determine their structure for each sample fraction. Analyses revealed a ∼30× higher EPFR concentration in the PCP contaminated soils (20.2 × 10 17 spins/g) than in the noncontaminated soil (0.7 × 10 17 spins/g). Almost 90% of the EPFR signal originated from the minerals/clays/humins fraction. GC-MS analyses revealed ∼6500 ppm of PCP in the contaminated soil samples and none detected in the background samples. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-AES) analyses revealed ∼7× higher concentrations of redox-active transition metals, in the contaminated soils than the noncontaminated soil. Vapor phase and liquid phase dosing of the clays/minerals/humins fraction of the soil with PCP resulted in an EPR signal identical to that observed in the contaminated soil, strongly suggesting the observed EPFR is pentachlorophenoxyl radical. Chemisorption and electron transfer from PCP to transition metals and other electron sinks in the soil are proposed to be responsible for EPFR formation. © 2011 American Chemical Society.

A Comprehensive Map Of Mobile Element Insertion Polymorphisms In Humans, Chip Stewart, Deniz Kural, Michael P. Strömberg, Jerilyn A. Walker, Miriam K. Konkel, Adrian M. Stütz, Alexander E. Urban, Fabian Grubert, Hugo Y.K. Lam, Wan Ping Lee, Michele Busby, Amit R. Indap, Erik Garrison, Chad Huff, Jinchuan Xing, Michael P. Snyder, Lynn B. Jorde, Mark A. Batzer, Jan O. Korbel, Gabor T. Marth

Faculty Publications

As a consequence of the accumulation of insertion events over evolutionary time, mobile elements now comprise nearly half of the human genome. The Alu, L1, and SVA mobile element families are still duplicating, generating variation between individual genomes. Mobile element insertions (MEI) have been identified as causes for genetic diseases, including hemophilia, neurofibromatosis, and various cancers. Here we present a comprehensive map of 7,380 MEI polymorphisms from the 1000 Genomes Project whole-genome sequencing data of 185 samples in three major populations detected with two detection methods. This catalog enables us to systematically study mutation rates, population segregation, genomic distribution, and …

Inhibition Of Neutrophil Apoptosis By Pai-1, Jaroslaw W. Zmijewski, Hong Beom Bae, Jessy S. Deshane, Cynthia B. Peterson, David D. Chaplin, Edward Abraham

Faculty Publications

Increased circulating and tissue levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) are often present in severe inflammatory states associated with neutrophil activation and accumulation and correlate with poor clinical outcome from many of these conditions. The mechanisms by which PAI-1 contributes to inflammation have not been fully delineated. In the present experiments, we found that addition of PAI-1 to neutrophil cultures diminished the rate of spontaneous and TNFrelated apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptotic cell death. The effects of PAI-1 on cell viability were associated with activation of antiapoptotic signaling pathways, including upregulation of PKB/Akt, Mcl-1, and Bcl-xL. Although urokinase-plasminogen activator receptor, lipoprotein …