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Multitissue Molecular, Genomic, And Developmental Effects Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill On Resident Gulf Killifish (Fundulus Grandis), Benjamin Dubansky, Andrew Whitehead, Jeffrey T. Miller, Charles D. Rice, Fernando Galvez May 2013

Multitissue Molecular, Genomic, And Developmental Effects Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill On Resident Gulf Killifish (Fundulus Grandis), Benjamin Dubansky, Andrew Whitehead, Jeffrey T. Miller, Charles D. Rice, Fernando Galvez

Faculty Publications

The Deepwater Horizon oil rig disaster resulted in crude oil contamination along the Gulf coast in sensitive estuaries. Toxicity from exposure to crude oil can affect populations of fish that live or breed in oiled habitats as seen following the Exxon Valdez oil spill. In an ongoing study of the effects of Deepwater Horizon crude oil on fish, Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) were collected from an oiled site (Grande Terre, LA) and two reference locations (coastal MS and AL) and monitored for measures of exposure to crude oil. Killifish collected from Grande Terre had divergent gene expression in the liver …

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C-Terminal Low-Complexity Sequence Repeats Of Mycobacterium Smegmatis Ku Modulate Dna Binding, Ambuj K. Kushwaha, Anne Grove May 2013

C-Terminal Low-Complexity Sequence Repeats Of Mycobacterium Smegmatis Ku Modulate Dna Binding, Ambuj K. Kushwaha, Anne Grove

Faculty Publications

Ku protein is an integral component of the NHEJ (non-homologous end-joining) pathway of DSB (double-strand break) repair. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic Ku homologues have been characterized and shown to bind DNA ends. A unique feature of Mycobacterium smegmatis Ku is its basic C-terminal tail that contains several lysine-rich low-complexity PAKKA repeats that are absent from homologues encoded by obligate parasitic mycobacteria. Such PAKKA repeats are also characteristic of mycobacterial Hlp (histone-like protein) for which they have been shown to confer the ability to appose DNA ends. Unexpectedly, removal of the lysine-rich extension enhances DNA-binding affinity, but an interaction between DNA …

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Pre-Immunization With An Intramuscular Injection Of Aav9-Human Erythropoietin Vectors Reduces The Vector-Mediated Transduction Following Re-Administration In Rat Brain, Chun Yang, Wei Hua Yang, Sha Sha Chen, Bao Feng Ma, Bin Li, Tao Lu, Ting Yu Qu, Ronald L. Klein, Li Ru Zhao, Wei Ming Duan May 2013

Pre-Immunization With An Intramuscular Injection Of Aav9-Human Erythropoietin Vectors Reduces The Vector-Mediated Transduction Following Re-Administration In Rat Brain, Chun Yang, Wei Hua Yang, Sha Sha Chen, Bao Feng Ma, Bin Li, Tao Lu, Ting Yu Qu, Ronald L. Klein, Li Ru Zhao, Wei Ming Duan

Faculty Publications

We have recently demonstrated that adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-mediated human erythropoietin (hEPO) gene delivery into the brain protects dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we examined whether pre-exposure to AAV9-hEPO vectors with an intramuscular or intrastriatal injection would reduce AAV9-mediated hEPO transduction in rat brain. We first characterized transgene expression and immune responses against AAV9-hEPO vectors in rat striatum at 4 days, 3 weeks and 6 months, and with doses ranging from 1011 to 1013 viral genomes. To sensitize immune system, rats received an injection of AAV9-hEPO …

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Determining If Hydrogen Oxidation Promotes Survival Of Bacteria Isolated From A Lake Waiau, Hawaii Microbial Mat, Devin James Conway May 2013

Determining If Hydrogen Oxidation Promotes Survival Of Bacteria Isolated From A Lake Waiau, Hawaii Microbial Mat, Devin James Conway

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Lead Uptake In Diverse Plant Families: A Study Applying X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy, Gudrun L. Bovenkamp, Alexander Prange, Wolfgang Schumacher, Kyungmin Ham, Aaron P. Smith, Josef Hormes May 2013

Lead Uptake In Diverse Plant Families: A Study Applying X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy, Gudrun L. Bovenkamp, Alexander Prange, Wolfgang Schumacher, Kyungmin Ham, Aaron P. Smith, Josef Hormes

Faculty Publications

The chemical environment of lead in roots and leaves of plants from four different plant families and a lichen from a former lead mining site in the Eifel Mountains in Germany was determined by Pb L3-edge XANES measurements using solid reference compounds and also aqueous solutions of different ionic strength simulating the plant environment. Pb2+ ions in the plants were found to have two major coordinations, one with nine oxygen atoms in the first coordination shell similar to outer-sphere complexation and a second coordination with just three oxygen atoms similar to inner-sphere complexation. This can be interpreted assuming that lead …

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Testing The Role Of Meander Cutoff In Promoting Gene Flow Across A Riverine Barrier In Ground Skinks (Scincella Lateralis), Nathan D. Jackson, Christopher C. Austin May 2013

Testing The Role Of Meander Cutoff In Promoting Gene Flow Across A Riverine Barrier In Ground Skinks (Scincella Lateralis), Nathan D. Jackson, Christopher C. Austin

Faculty Publications

Despite considerable attention, the long-term impact of rivers on species diversification remains uncertain. Meander loop cutoff (MLC) is one river phenomenon that may compromise a river's diversifying effects by passively transferring organisms from one side of the river to the other. However, the ability of MLC to promote gene flow across rivers has not been demonstrated empirically. Here, we test several predictions of MLC-mediated gene flow in populations of North American ground skinks (Scincella lateralis) separated by a well-established riverine barrier, the Mississippi River: 1) individuals collected from within meander cutoffs should be more closely related to individuals across the …

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Changes In Plasma Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone, Acth, Prolactin, Gh, Lh, Fsh, And Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone In Response To Injection Of Sulpiride, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone, Or Vehicle In Insulin-Sensitive And -Insensitive Mares, N. Arana Valencia, D. L. Thompson, P. B. Mitcham May 2013

Changes In Plasma Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone, Acth, Prolactin, Gh, Lh, Fsh, And Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone In Response To Injection Of Sulpiride, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone, Or Vehicle In Insulin-Sensitive And -Insensitive Mares, N. Arana Valencia, D. L. Thompson, P. B. Mitcham

Faculty Publications

Six insulin-sensitive and 6 insulin-insensitive mares were used in a replicated 3 by 3 Latin square design to determine the pituitary hormonal responses (compared with vehicle) to sulpiride and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 2 compounds commonly used to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. Mares were classified as insulin sensitive or insensitive by their previous glucose responses to direct injection of human recombinant insulin. Treatment days were February 25, 2012, and March 10 and 24, 2012. Treatments were sulpiride (racemic mixture, 0.01 mg/kg BW), TRH (0.002 mg/kg BW), and vehicle (saline, 0.01 mL/kg BW) administered intravenously. Blood samples were …

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Characterization Of Virus-Encoded Rna Interference Suppressors In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Xunyang Guo, Rui Lu May 2013

Characterization Of Virus-Encoded Rna Interference Suppressors In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Xunyang Guo, Rui Lu

Faculty Publications

In fungi, plants, and invertebrates, antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) directed by virus-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) represents a major antiviral defense that the invading viruses have to overcome in order to establish infection. As a counterdefense mechanism, viruses of these hosts produce diverse classes of proteins capable of suppressing the biogenesis and/or function of viral siRNAs. This RNA-directed viral immunity (RDVI) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is known to exhibit some unique features. Currently, little is known about viral suppression of RNAi in C. elegans. Here, we show that ectopic expression of the B2 protein encoded by Flock House virus …

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Microbially Mediated Carbonate Precipitation Within Microbial Mat In Hyper-Saline Lakes Of The Bahamas, Shane Cone May 2013

Microbially Mediated Carbonate Precipitation Within Microbial Mat In Hyper-Saline Lakes Of The Bahamas, Shane Cone

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Characterization Of A Marr Homolog In Vibrio Vulnificus, Tiffany Lemon May 2013

Characterization Of A Marr Homolog In Vibrio Vulnificus, Tiffany Lemon

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Resistant Starch From High Amylose Maize (Ham-Rs2) Reduces Body Fat And Increases Gut Bacteria In Ovariectomized (Ovx) Rats, Michael J. Keenan, Marlene Janes, Julina Robert, Roy J. Martin, Anne M. Raggio, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Christine Pelkman, Richard Tulley, M'Famara Goita, Holiday A. Durham, June Zhou, Reshani N. Senevirathne May 2013

Resistant Starch From High Amylose Maize (Ham-Rs2) Reduces Body Fat And Increases Gut Bacteria In Ovariectomized (Ovx) Rats, Michael J. Keenan, Marlene Janes, Julina Robert, Roy J. Martin, Anne M. Raggio, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Christine Pelkman, Richard Tulley, M'Famara Goita, Holiday A. Durham, June Zhou, Reshani N. Senevirathne

Faculty Publications

Objective: Obesity after menopause is a health concern for older females. Changes in the microbiota are likely to occur with this condition. Modifying the microbiota with a prebiotic is a plausible strategy for improving the health of menopausal females. Design and Methods: Resistant starch type 2 from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) was used as a prebiotic in rats in a 2 × 2 factorial study with two levels of HAM-RS2 (0 or 29.7% of weight of diet) referred to as energy control (EC) and HAM-RS2 diets, respectively; and two levels of surgery, ovariectomized (OVX) and sham. Results: In a 6-week, postsurgery …

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The Morphological Evolution Of The Vocal Apparatus In The Human Lineage: Implications On The Emergence Of Language, Jacob Jesch May 2013

The Morphological Evolution Of The Vocal Apparatus In The Human Lineage: Implications On The Emergence Of Language, Jacob Jesch

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Synthesis Of Porphyrin And Porphyrinoid Structures For Use In Binary Cancer Therapies: Fluorinated Porphyrin-Carborane As A Candidate For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy And Tetrabenzoporphyrin With Polyamine Conjugates As A Candidate For Photodynamic Therapy, Laura A. Clesi May 2013

Synthesis Of Porphyrin And Porphyrinoid Structures For Use In Binary Cancer Therapies: Fluorinated Porphyrin-Carborane As A Candidate For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy And Tetrabenzoporphyrin With Polyamine Conjugates As A Candidate For Photodynamic Therapy, Laura A. Clesi

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Chronic Inflammation, Vitamin D Status And Body Composition In College-Aged Individuals, Mollye Baker May 2013

Chronic Inflammation, Vitamin D Status And Body Composition In College-Aged Individuals, Mollye Baker

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Characterization Of Aebp2 Mutant Mice, Arundhati Bakshi May 2013

Characterization Of Aebp2 Mutant Mice, Arundhati Bakshi

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Empathy, Altruism, And Prosocial Behavior In Humans And Primates, Renee Dale May 2013

Empathy, Altruism, And Prosocial Behavior In Humans And Primates, Renee Dale

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Stochastic Simulations Of The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade: On Chemical Waves As A Mechanism For Signal Transduction, Daniel Case May 2013

Stochastic Simulations Of The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade: On Chemical Waves As A Mechanism For Signal Transduction, Daniel Case

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Toxicologic Assessment Of A Commercial Decolorized Whole Leaf Aloe Vera Juice, Lily Of The Desert Filtered Whole Leaf Juice With Aloesorb, Inder Sehgal, Wallace D. Winters, Michael Scott, Andrew David, Glenn Gillis, Thaya Stoufflet, Anand Nair, Konstantine Kousoulas Apr 2013

Toxicologic Assessment Of A Commercial Decolorized Whole Leaf Aloe Vera Juice, Lily Of The Desert Filtered Whole Leaf Juice With Aloesorb, Inder Sehgal, Wallace D. Winters, Michael Scott, Andrew David, Glenn Gillis, Thaya Stoufflet, Anand Nair, Konstantine Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

Aloe vera, a common ingredient in cosmetics, is increasingly being consumed as a beverage supplement. Although consumer interest in aloe likely stems from its association with several health benefits, a concern has also been raised by a National Toxicology Program Report that a nondecolorized whole leaf aloe vera extract taken internally by rats was associated with intestinal mucosal hyperplasia and ultimately malignancy. We tested a decolorized whole leaf (DCWL) aloe vera, treated with activated charcoal to remove the latex portion of the plant, for genotoxicity in bacteria, acute/subacute toxicity in B6C3F1 mice, and subchronic toxicity in F344 rats. We found …

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An Inverse Relationship Between Production And Export Efficiency In The Southern Ocean, Kanchan Maiti, Matthew A. Charette, Ken O. Buesseler, Mati Kahru Apr 2013

An Inverse Relationship Between Production And Export Efficiency In The Southern Ocean, Kanchan Maiti, Matthew A. Charette, Ken O. Buesseler, Mati Kahru

Faculty Publications

In the past two decades, a number of studies have been carried out in the Southern Ocean to look at export production using drifting sediment traps and thorium-234 based measurements, which allows us to reexamine the validity of using the existing relationships between production, export efficiency, and temperature to derive satellite-based carbon export estimates in this region. Comparisons of in situ export rates with modeled rates indicate a two to fourfold overestimation of export production by existing models. Comprehensive analysis of in situ data indicates two major reasons for this difference: (i) in situ data indicate a trend of decreasing …

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The Hemophore Hasa From Yersinia Pestis (HasaYp) Coordinates Hemin With A Single Residue, Tyr75, And With Minimal Conformational Change, Ritesh Kumar, Scott Lovell, Hirotoshi Matsumura, Kevin P. Battaile, Pierre Moënne-Loccoz, Mario Rivera Apr 2013

The Hemophore Hasa From Yersinia Pestis (HasaYp) Coordinates Hemin With A Single Residue, Tyr75, And With Minimal Conformational Change, Ritesh Kumar, Scott Lovell, Hirotoshi Matsumura, Kevin P. Battaile, Pierre Moënne-Loccoz, Mario Rivera

Faculty Publications

Hemophores from Serratia marcescens (HasAsm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (HasAp) bind hemin between two loops, which harbor the axial ligands H32 and Y75. Hemin binding to the Y75 loop triggers closing of the H32 loop and enables binding of H32. Because Yersinia pestis HasA (HasA yp) presents a Gln at position 32, we determined the structures of apo- and holo-HasAyp. Surprisingly, the Q32 loop in apo-HasA yp is already in the closed conformation, but no residue from the Q32 loop binds hemin in holo-HasAyp. In agreement with the minimal reorganization between the apo- and holo-structures, the hemin on-rate is too fast …

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Multi-Year Salutary Effects Of Windstorm And Fire On River Cane, Paul R. Gagnon, Heather A. Passmore, William J. Platt Apr 2013

Multi-Year Salutary Effects Of Windstorm And Fire On River Cane, Paul R. Gagnon, Heather A. Passmore, William J. Platt

Faculty Publications

Canebrakes are monodominant stands of cane (Arundinaria gigantea [Walter] Muhl.), a bamboo native to and once prominent in the southeastern USA. Canebrakes were important wildlife habitat within the bottomland hardwood forest ecosystem. They have been reduced in areal coverage by an estimated 98% since European settlement due to land conversion and the drastic alteration of disturbance regimes in their floodplain habitat. Ongoing canebrake restoration efforts are hampered by incomplete understanding of the role of natural disturbance in cane ecology. We used a large tornado blow down and multiple prescribed fires to quantify the response of cane to the sequential disturbances …

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Differential Undertaking Response Of A Lower Termite To Congeneric And Conspecific Corpses, Qian Sun, Kenneth F. Haynes, Xuguo Zhou Apr 2013

Differential Undertaking Response Of A Lower Termite To Congeneric And Conspecific Corpses, Qian Sun, Kenneth F. Haynes, Xuguo Zhou

Faculty Publications

Undertaking behaviour is an essential activity in social insects. Corpses are often recognized by a postmortem change in a chemical signature.Reticulitermes flavipesresponded to corpses within minutes of death. This undertaking behaviour did not change with longer postmortem time (24 h); however,R.flavipes exhibited distinctively different behaviours toward dead termites from various origins. Corpses of the congeneric species, Reticulitermes virginicus,were buried onsite by workers with a large group of soldiers guarding the burial site due to the risk of interspecific competition; while dead conspecifics, regardless of colony origin, were pulled back into the holding chamber for nutrient recycling and hygienic purposes. The …

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Cyclosporin A Reduces Matrix Metalloproteinases And Collagen Expression In Dermal Fibroblasts From Regenerative Foxn1 Deficient (Nude) Mice, Barbara Gawronska-Kozak, Heather Kirk-Ballard Apr 2013

Cyclosporin A Reduces Matrix Metalloproteinases And Collagen Expression In Dermal Fibroblasts From Regenerative Foxn1 Deficient (Nude) Mice, Barbara Gawronska-Kozak, Heather Kirk-Ballard

Faculty Publications

Background: Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent modifies the wound healing process through an influence on extracellular matrix metabolism. We have compared the effects of CsA on dermal fibroblasts from nude (FOXN1 deficient) mice, a genetic model of skin scarless healing, and from control (C57BL/6 J (B6) mice to evaluate metabolic pathways that appear to have important roles in the process of scarless healing/regeneration.Results: High levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen III expression in dermal fibroblasts from nude (regenerative) mice were down-regulated by CsA treatment to the levels observed in dermal fibroblasts from B6 (non-regenerative) mice. In contrast, dermal …

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Rampant Polyphyly Indicates Cryptic Diversity In A Clade Of Neotropical Flycatchers (Aves: Tyrannidae), Frank E. Rheindt, Andrés M. Cuervo, Robb T. Brumfield Apr 2013

Rampant Polyphyly Indicates Cryptic Diversity In A Clade Of Neotropical Flycatchers (Aves: Tyrannidae), Frank E. Rheindt, Andrés M. Cuervo, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

Polyphyletic arrangements in DNA phylogenies are often indicators of cryptic species diversity masked by erroneous taxonomic treatments that are frequently based on morphological data. Although mitochondrial (mt)DNA polyphyly is detected relatively rarely in phylogenetic studies, it has recently been found in a variety of tyrant-flycatcher (Tyrannidae) groups. In the present study, we provide a DNA phylogeny for a mitochondrial and a nuclear locus with a complete species sampling in Zimmerius flycatchers, showing that the genus is characterized by multiple mtDNA polyphyly. Based on phylogenetic and life-history information, we suggest the elevation of a number of taxa to species status, leading …

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Louisiana Agriculture Spring, 2013 Apr 2013

Louisiana Agriculture Spring, 2013

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

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Improved Tolerance To Salt And Water Stress In Drosophila Melanogaster Cells Conferred By Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein, Matthew R. Marunde, Dilini A. Samarajeewa, John Anderson, Shumin Li, Steven C. Hand, Michael A. Menze Apr 2013

Improved Tolerance To Salt And Water Stress In Drosophila Melanogaster Cells Conferred By Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein, Matthew R. Marunde, Dilini A. Samarajeewa, John Anderson, Shumin Li, Steven C. Hand, Michael A. Menze

Faculty Publications

Mechanisms that govern anhydrobiosis involve the accumulation of highly hydrophilic macromolecules, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. Group 1 LEA proteins comprised of 181 (AfLEA1.1) and 197 (AfLEA1.3) amino acids were cloned from embryos of Artemia franciscana and expressed in Drosophila melanogaster cells (Kc167). Confocal microscopy revealed a construct composed of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and AfLEA1.3 accumulates in the mitochondria (AfLEA1.3-GFP), while AfLEA1.1-GFP was found in the cytoplasm. In the presence of mixed substrates, oxygen consumption was statistically identical for permeabilized Kc167 control and Kc167-AfLEA1.3 cells. Acute titrations of permeabilized cells with NaCl up to 500mM led to …

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Localizations Of 11Β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 And Mineralocorticoid Receptors In The Rat Hypothalamus, Remi Wilson Apr 2013

Localizations Of 11Β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 And Mineralocorticoid Receptors In The Rat Hypothalamus, Remi Wilson

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Characterization Of A Deda Familytemperature Sensitive Mutant, Angelica R. Simmons Apr 2013

Characterization Of A Deda Familytemperature Sensitive Mutant, Angelica R. Simmons

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Timber Harvesting On Dissolved Oxygen In A Northern Louisiana Headwater Stream, Abram Dasilva, Y. Jun Xu, John Beebe, George G. Ice Apr 2013

Effects Of Timber Harvesting On Dissolved Oxygen In A Northern Louisiana Headwater Stream, Abram Dasilva, Y. Jun Xu, John Beebe, George G. Ice

Faculty Publications

Many headwaters in Louisiana have low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and there is a concern that timber harvesting can further decrease these concentrations. This study was conducted to examine the direct and long-term effect of timber harvest on DO in a low-gradient headwater stream in north-central Louisiana, USA. Water quality multisensor probes were deployed at two locations along a second-order stream, approximately 500 m apart. DO concentration and saturation were recorded at 15-minute intervals from 2006 to 2010. In addition, monthly site visits were conducted for streamflow measurement and water sample collection for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total …

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The Urban Health Transition Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence Of An Avian Influenza Kuznets Curve In Vietnam?, James Herbert Spencer Apr 2013

The Urban Health Transition Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence Of An Avian Influenza Kuznets Curve In Vietnam?, James Herbert Spencer

Faculty Publications

The literature on development has focused on the concept of transition in understanding the emergent challenges facing poor but rapidly developing countries. Scholars have focused extensively on the health and urban transitions associated with this change and, in particular, its use for understanding emerging infectious diseases. However, few have developed explicit empirical measures to quantify the extent to which a transitions focus is useful for theory, policy, and practice. Using open source data on avian influenza in 2004 and 2005 and the Vietnam Census of Population and Housing, this paper introduces the Kuznets curve as a tool for empirically estimating …

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