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De Novo Design Of A Transmembrane Zn2+-Transporting Four-Helix Bundle, Nathan H. Joh, Tuo Wang, Manasi P. Bhate, Rudresh Acharya, Yibing Wu, Michael Grabe, Mei Hong, Gevorg Grigoryan, William F. Degrado Dec 2014

De Novo Design Of A Transmembrane Zn2+-Transporting Four-Helix Bundle, Nathan H. Joh, Tuo Wang, Manasi P. Bhate, Rudresh Acharya, Yibing Wu, Michael Grabe, Mei Hong, Gevorg Grigoryan, William F. Degrado

Faculty Publications

The design of functional membrane proteins from first principles represents a grand challenge in chemistry and structural biology. Here, we report the design of a membranespanning, four-helical bundle that transports first-row transition metal ions Zn 2+ and Co2+, but not Ca2+, across membranes. The conduction path was designed to contain two di-metal binding sites that bind with negative cooperativity. X-ray crystallography and solid-state and solution nuclear magnetic resonance indicate that the overall helical bundle is formed from two tightly interacting pairs of helices, which form individual domains that interact weakly along a more dynamic interface. Vesicle flux experiments show that …

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Rapid, Photoinduced Electron Transfer-Modulated, Turn-On Fluorescent Probe For Detection And Cellular Imaging Of Biologically Significant Thiols, Rasika R. Nawimanage, Bijeta Prasai, Suraj U. Hettiarachchi, Robin L. Mccarley Dec 2014

Rapid, Photoinduced Electron Transfer-Modulated, Turn-On Fluorescent Probe For Detection And Cellular Imaging Of Biologically Significant Thiols, Rasika R. Nawimanage, Bijeta Prasai, Suraj U. Hettiarachchi, Robin L. Mccarley

Faculty Publications

© 2014 American Chemical Society. There is a very limited number of existing probes whose fluorescence is turned on in the presence of the class of biological thiols made up of glutathione, cysteine, and homocysteine. The extant probes for this class of biological thiols commonly have poor aqueous solubility and long analyte response times, and they demand a very high probe/thiol ratio for decreased time of significant reporter signal generation; knowledge regarding their selectivity with respect to other sulfur-based analytes is unclear. Described here is a previously unreported photoinduced electron-transfer-quenched probe (HMBQ-Nap 1) that offers highly selective and rapid in …

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Comparative Genomics Reveals Insights Into Avian Genome Evolution And Adaptation, Guojie Correction Zhang, Cai Li, Qiye Li, Bo Li, Denis M. Larkin, Chul Lee, Jay F. Storz, Agostinho Antunes, Matthew J. Greenwold, Robert W. Meredith, Anders Ödeen, Jie Cui, Qi Zhou, Luohao Xu, Hailin Pan, Zongji Wang, Lijun Jin, Pei Zhang, Haofu Hu, Wei Yang, Jiang Hu, Jin Xiao, Zhikai Yang, Yang Liu, Qiaolin Xie, Hao Yu, Jinmin Lian, Ping Wen, Fang Zhang, Hui Li, Yongli Zeng, Zijun Xiong, Shiping Liu, Long Zhou Dec 2014

Comparative Genomics Reveals Insights Into Avian Genome Evolution And Adaptation, Guojie Correction Zhang, Cai Li, Qiye Li, Bo Li, Denis M. Larkin, Chul Lee, Jay F. Storz, Agostinho Antunes, Matthew J. Greenwold, Robert W. Meredith, Anders Ödeen, Jie Cui, Qi Zhou, Luohao Xu, Hailin Pan, Zongji Wang, Lijun Jin, Pei Zhang, Haofu Hu, Wei Yang, Jiang Hu, Jin Xiao, Zhikai Yang, Yang Liu, Qiaolin Xie, Hao Yu, Jinmin Lian, Ping Wen, Fang Zhang, Hui Li, Yongli Zeng, Zijun Xiong, Shiping Liu, Long Zhou

Faculty Publications

Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses …

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Whole-Genome Analyses Resolve Early Branches In The Tree Of Life Of Modern Birds, Erich D. Jarvis, Siavash Mirarab, Andre J. Aberer, Bo Li, Peter Houde, Cai Li, Simon Y.W. Ho, Brant C. Faircloth, Benoit Nabholz, Jason T. Howard, Alexander Suh, Claudia C. Weber, Rute R. Da Fonseca, Jianwen Li, Fang Zhang, Hui Li, Long Zhou, Nitish Narula, Liang Liu, Ganesh Ganapathy, Bastien Boussau, Md Shamsuzzoha Bayzid, Volodymyr Zavidovych, Sankar Subramanian, Toni Gabaldón, Salvador Capella-Gutiérrez, Jaime Huerta-Cepas, Bhanu Rekepalli, Kasper Munch, Mikkel Schierup, Bent Lindow, Wesley C. Warren, David Ray, Richard E. Green Dec 2014

Whole-Genome Analyses Resolve Early Branches In The Tree Of Life Of Modern Birds, Erich D. Jarvis, Siavash Mirarab, Andre J. Aberer, Bo Li, Peter Houde, Cai Li, Simon Y.W. Ho, Brant C. Faircloth, Benoit Nabholz, Jason T. Howard, Alexander Suh, Claudia C. Weber, Rute R. Da Fonseca, Jianwen Li, Fang Zhang, Hui Li, Long Zhou, Nitish Narula, Liang Liu, Ganesh Ganapathy, Bastien Boussau, Md Shamsuzzoha Bayzid, Volodymyr Zavidovych, Sankar Subramanian, Toni Gabaldón, Salvador Capella-Gutiérrez, Jaime Huerta-Cepas, Bhanu Rekepalli, Kasper Munch, Mikkel Schierup, Bent Lindow, Wesley C. Warren, David Ray, Richard E. Green

Faculty Publications

To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data.We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships.We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as …

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Local Spatial Structure Of Forest Biomass And Its Consequences For Remote Sensing Of Carbon Stocks, M. Réjou-Méchain, H. C. Muller-Landau, M. Detto, S. C. Thomas, T. Le Toan, S. S. Saatchi, J. S. Barreto-Silva, N. A. Bourg, S. Bunyavejchewin, N. Butt, W. Y. Brockelman, M. Cao, D. Cárdenas, J. M. Chiang, G. B. Chuyong, K. Clay, R. Condit, H. S. Dattaraja, S. J. Davies, A. Duque, S. Esufali, C. Ewango, R. H.S. Fernando, C. D. Fletcher, I. A.U. N. Gunatilleke, Z. Hao, K. E. Harms, T. B. Hart, B. Hérault, R. W. Howe, S. P. Hubbell, D. J. Johnson, D. Kenfack Dec 2014

Local Spatial Structure Of Forest Biomass And Its Consequences For Remote Sensing Of Carbon Stocks, M. Réjou-Méchain, H. C. Muller-Landau, M. Detto, S. C. Thomas, T. Le Toan, S. S. Saatchi, J. S. Barreto-Silva, N. A. Bourg, S. Bunyavejchewin, N. Butt, W. Y. Brockelman, M. Cao, D. Cárdenas, J. M. Chiang, G. B. Chuyong, K. Clay, R. Condit, H. S. Dattaraja, S. J. Davies, A. Duque, S. Esufali, C. Ewango, R. H.S. Fernando, C. D. Fletcher, I. A.U. N. Gunatilleke, Z. Hao, K. E. Harms, T. B. Hart, B. Hérault, R. W. Howe, S. P. Hubbell, D. J. Johnson, D. Kenfack

Faculty Publications

© Author(s) 2014. Advances in forest carbon mapping have the potential to greatly reduce uncertainties in the global carbon budget and to facilitate effective emissions mitigation strategies such as REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). Though broad-scale mapping is based primarily on remote sensing data, the accuracy of resulting forest carbon stock estimates depends critically on the quality of field measurements and calibration procedures. The mismatch in spatial scales between field inventory plots and larger pixels of current and planned remote sensing products for forest biomass mapping is of particular concern, as it has the potential to introduce …

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Membrane Potential-Dependent Integration Of Synaptic Inputs In Entorhinal Stellate Neurons., Economo Mn, Martínez Jj, White Ja Dec 2014

Membrane Potential-Dependent Integration Of Synaptic Inputs In Entorhinal Stellate Neurons., Economo Mn, Martínez Jj, White Ja

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Retrotransposon-Based Profiling Of Mammalian Epigenomes: Dna Methylation Of Iap Ltrs In Embryonic Stem, Somatic And Cancer Cells, Arundhati Bakshi, Joomyeong Kim Dec 2014

Retrotransposon-Based Profiling Of Mammalian Epigenomes: Dna Methylation Of Iap Ltrs In Embryonic Stem, Somatic And Cancer Cells, Arundhati Bakshi, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Elsevier Inc. In the current study, we have used HT-TREBS to individually analyze the DNA methylation pattern of 4799 IAP LTR retrotransposons in embryonic stem, somatic and Neuro2A cells. According to the results, half of the loci within this family show constant methylation patterns between the three cell types whereas the remaining half display variable levels of methylation. About half of the variably methylated IAP LTRs tend to be hypomethylated in ES cells, and nearly all in this group are hypomethylated in Neuro2A cells. The observed hypomethylation in both cell types occur in a non-uniform, locus-specific manner and …

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The Economics Of Mitigation Of Water Pollution Externalities From Biomass Production For Energy, Naveen Adusumilli, Taesoo Lee, M. Edward Rister, Ronald D. Lacewell Dec 2014

The Economics Of Mitigation Of Water Pollution Externalities From Biomass Production For Energy, Naveen Adusumilli, Taesoo Lee, M. Edward Rister, Ronald D. Lacewell

Faculty Publications

© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. To fulfill the national bioenergy goals of the United States, conversion of marginal lands to intensive biomass crop production and/or application of greater amounts of nutrients to existing cropland could be expected. Such change in agricultural practices could produce unintended environmental consequences such as water quality degradation. Select Best Management Practices (BMPs) are evaluated for water quality mitigation effectiveness as well as for their relative cost-effectiveness, issues that are often ignored in evaluation of biofuels as a sustainable solution for energy demand. The water quality impacts of converting pastureland to intensive …

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Review Of Methods To Assign The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Peaks Of Reductively Methylated Proteins, Kevin J. Roberson, Megan A. Macnaughtan Dec 2014

Review Of Methods To Assign The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Peaks Of Reductively Methylated Proteins, Kevin J. Roberson, Megan A. Macnaughtan

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Elsevier Inc. Reductive methylation of lysyl side-chain amines has been a successful tool in the advancement of high-resolution structural biology. The utility of this method has continuously gained ground as a protein chemical modification, first as a tool to aid protein crystallization and later as a probe in protein nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. As an isotope-labeling strategy for NMR studies, reductive methylation has contributed to the study of protein-protein interactions and global conformational changes. Although more detailed structural studies using this labeling strategy are possible, the hurdle of assigning the NMR peaks to the corresponding reductively methylated …

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Carbonate Orientational Order And Superlattice Structure In Vaterite, Jianwei Wang, Fuxiang Zhang, Jiaming Zhang, Rodney C. Ewing, Udo Becker, Zhonghou Cai Dec 2014

Carbonate Orientational Order And Superlattice Structure In Vaterite, Jianwei Wang, Fuxiang Zhang, Jiaming Zhang, Rodney C. Ewing, Udo Becker, Zhonghou Cai

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Vaterite is considered to play an important role as a precursor phase in the formation of calcium carbonate phases, including those related to biomineralization. An accurate description of vaterite's structure associated with the order of carbonate groups is essential to understanding the formation, stabilization, and functionality of vaterite in organisms. Molecular dynamics simulations, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy have been combined in order to investigate the structure of vaterite. The electrostatic interactions between Ca and neighboring CO3 groups promote local and long-range ordering of CO3 groups, which may result in a …

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Photoperiod And Temperature Effects On The Adult Eclosion And Mating Rhythms In Pseudopidorus Fasciata (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae), Shaohui Wu, Roberto Refinetti, Loke T. Kok, Roger R. Youngman, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Fang Sen Xue Dec 2014

Photoperiod And Temperature Effects On The Adult Eclosion And Mating Rhythms In Pseudopidorus Fasciata (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae), Shaohui Wu, Roberto Refinetti, Loke T. Kok, Roger R. Youngman, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Fang Sen Xue

Faculty Publications

Daily distributions of eclosion and mating activities of Pseudopidorus fasciata Walker (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) were recorded under natural and various laboratory conditions. Eclosion of this insect exhibited circadian gating in constant darkness (DD) but not in constant light (LL) at 28°C. Under natural conditions, the majority of adults emerged in midmorning with an eclosion peak around 1000 hours. The eclosion distribution was significantly affected by ambient temperature but not by photoperiod under laboratory conditions. Eclosion was more spread out at 22°C than at higher temperatures, and peak eclosion times were advanced at higher temperatures up to 30°C. Under natural and laboratory …

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Assessing The Use Ofdynamic Video Profilingscientists In Conveying Astrobiology Concepts, Michelle St. Romain Dec 2014

Assessing The Use Ofdynamic Video Profilingscientists In Conveying Astrobiology Concepts, Michelle St. Romain

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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An Entropy Approach To Bose-Einstein Condensation, Francesco De Vecchi, Stefania Ugolini Dec 2014

An Entropy Approach To Bose-Einstein Condensation, Francesco De Vecchi, Stefania Ugolini

Communications on Stochastic Analysis

No abstract provided.

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Experimental Translocations: Pitfalls And Alternatives For Quantifying Animal Movement In Fragmented Landscapes, Luke L. Powell, Philip C. Stouffer Dec 2014

Experimental Translocations: Pitfalls And Alternatives For Quantifying Animal Movement In Fragmented Landscapes, Luke L. Powell, Philip C. Stouffer

Faculty Publications

As anthropogenic change continues to fragment terrestrial habitats, conservation biologists are increasingly concerned with how wild animals move through fragmented landscapes. Experimental translocations have recently gained popularity as a technique to determine landscape permeability by wild animals in fragmented landscapes. In experimental translocations, researchers capture individuals — usually adults — and release them elsewhere in order to determine whether they are able to cross the landscape and return to their original location. We argue that most experimental translocations have two inherent confounding factors — age of the individual and homing ability — and that the narrow spatiotemporal scale of the …

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Step Selection Techniques Uncover The Environmental Predictors Of Space Use Patterns In Flocks Of Amazonian Birds, Jonathan R. Potts, Karl Mokross, Philip C. Stouffer, Mark A. Lewis Dec 2014

Step Selection Techniques Uncover The Environmental Predictors Of Space Use Patterns In Flocks Of Amazonian Birds, Jonathan R. Potts, Karl Mokross, Philip C. Stouffer, Mark A. Lewis

Faculty Publications

Understanding the behavioral decisions behind animal movement and space use patterns is a key challenge for behavioral ecology. Tools to quantify these patterns from movement and animal-habitat interactions are vital for transforming ecology into a predictive science. This is particularly important in environments undergoing rapid anthropogenic changes, such as the Amazon rainforest, where animals face novel landscapes. Insectivorous bird flocks are key elements of avian biodiversity in the Amazonian ecosystem. Therefore, disentangling and quantifying the drivers behind their movement and space use patterns is of great importance for Amazonian conservation. We use a step selection function (SSF) approach to uncover …

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An Epsilon-Nash Equilibrium For Non-Linear Markov Games Of Mean-Field-Type On Finite Spaces, Rani Basna, Astrid Hilbert, Vassili N Kolokoltsov Dec 2014

An Epsilon-Nash Equilibrium For Non-Linear Markov Games Of Mean-Field-Type On Finite Spaces, Rani Basna, Astrid Hilbert, Vassili N Kolokoltsov

Communications on Stochastic Analysis

No abstract provided.

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Functional Morphology Of The Connective Tissue Of The Clavicular System Of The Domestic Cat, Felis Catus, Amanda N. Cooper Dec 2014

Functional Morphology Of The Connective Tissue Of The Clavicular System Of The Domestic Cat, Felis Catus, Amanda N. Cooper

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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An Exploration Of Cell Cycle Regulation In Arabidopsis Thaliana Trichomes, Ashley Willis Dec 2014

An Exploration Of Cell Cycle Regulation In Arabidopsis Thaliana Trichomes, Ashley Willis

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Functional Morphology Of The Connective Tissue Of The Clavicular System Of The Domestic Cat, Felis Catus, Amanda N. Cooper Dec 2014

Functional Morphology Of The Connective Tissue Of The Clavicular System Of The Domestic Cat, Felis Catus, Amanda N. Cooper

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Sulfates Hydrating Bulk Soil In The Martian Low And Middle Latitudes, S. Karunatillake, J. J. Wray, O. Gasnault, S. M. Mclennan, A. D. Rogers, S. W. Squyres, W. V. Boynton, J. R. Skok, L. Ojha, N. Olsen Nov 2014

Sulfates Hydrating Bulk Soil In The Martian Low And Middle Latitudes, S. Karunatillake, J. J. Wray, O. Gasnault, S. M. Mclennan, A. D. Rogers, S. W. Squyres, W. V. Boynton, J. R. Skok, L. Ojha, N. Olsen

Faculty Publications

© 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. The evidence for sulfate-bearing strata, across Late-Noachian to Amazonian eons, suggests a central role for sulfates in acidity and salinity of Martian paleofluids and the planet's habitability. However, details remain unclear owing to shallow sampling and the limited ability of visible/near-infrared spectroscopy to distinguish among some sulfates. Using chemical data from the Mars Odyssey gamma ray spectrometer, including the sulfur map of Mars, we confirm the possibility of hydrous sulfates acting as key hydrates throughout the southern midlatitudinal soil at decimeter depths. An H2O:S molar ratio between 2.4 and 4.0 for 80% …

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Photoheterotrophic Growth Of Physcomitrella Patens, Terry M. Bricker, Adam J. Bell, Lan Tran, Laurie K. Frankel, Steven M. Theg Nov 2014

Photoheterotrophic Growth Of Physcomitrella Patens, Terry M. Bricker, Adam J. Bell, Lan Tran, Laurie K. Frankel, Steven M. Theg

Faculty Publications

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013. Physcomitrella patens is a model bryophyte representing an early land plant in the green plant lineage. This organism possesses many advantages as a model organism. Its genome has been sequenced, its predominant life cycle stage is the haploid gametophyte, it is readily transformable and it can integrate transformed DNA into its genome by homologous recombination. One limitation for the use of P. patens in photosynthesis research is its reported inability to grow photoheterotrophically, in the presence of sucrose and the Photosystem II inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, which prevents linear photosynthetic electron transport. In this communication we describe …

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The Drivers Of Tropical Speciation, Brian Tilston Smith, John E. Mccormack, Andrés M. Cuervo, Michael J. Hickerson, Alexandre Aleixo, Carlos Daniel Cadena, Jorge Pérez-Emán, Curtis W. Burney, Xiaoou Xie, Michael G. Harvey, Brant C. Faircloth, Travis C. Glenn, Elizabeth P. Derryberry, Jesse Prejean, Samantha Fields, Robb T. Brumfield Nov 2014

The Drivers Of Tropical Speciation, Brian Tilston Smith, John E. Mccormack, Andrés M. Cuervo, Michael J. Hickerson, Alexandre Aleixo, Carlos Daniel Cadena, Jorge Pérez-Emán, Curtis W. Burney, Xiaoou Xie, Michael G. Harvey, Brant C. Faircloth, Travis C. Glenn, Elizabeth P. Derryberry, Jesse Prejean, Samantha Fields, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Since the recognition that allopatric speciation can be induced by large-scale reconfigurations of the landscape that isolate formerly continuous populations, such as the separation of continents by plate tectonics, the uplift of mountains or the formation of large rivers, landscape change has been viewed as a primary driver of biological diversification. This process is referred to in biogeography as vicariance. In the most species-rich region of the world, the Neotropics, the sundering of populations associated with the Andean uplift is ascribed this principal role in speciation. An alternative model posits that rather …

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Population Genetics Of Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus Maritimus) Subspecies Along The Gulf Of Mexico, Stefan Woltmann, Philip C. Stouffer, Christine M.Bergeon Burns, Mark S. Woodrey, Mollie F. Cashner, Sabrina S. Taylor Nov 2014

Population Genetics Of Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus Maritimus) Subspecies Along The Gulf Of Mexico, Stefan Woltmann, Philip C. Stouffer, Christine M.Bergeon Burns, Mark S. Woodrey, Mollie F. Cashner, Sabrina S. Taylor

Faculty Publications

Seaside Sparrows (Ammodramus maritimus) along the Gulf of Mexico are currently recognized as four subspecies, including taxa in Florida (A. m. juncicola and A. m. peninsulae) and southern Texas (Ammodramus m. sennetti), plus a widespread taxon between them (A. m. fisheri). We examined population genetic structure of this ''Gulf Coast'' clade using microsatellite and mtDNA data. Results of Bayesian analyses (STRUCTURE, GENELAND) of microsatellite data from nine locations do not entirely align with current subspecific taxonomy. Ammodramus m. sennetti from southern Texas is significantly differentiated from all other populations, but we found evidence of an admixture zone with A. m. …

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A Challenge For The Seed Mixture Refuge Strategy In Bt Maize: Impact Of Cross-Pollination On An Ear-Feeding Pest, Corn Earworm, Fei Yang, David L. Kerns, Graham P. Head, B. Rogers Leonard, Ronnie Levy, Ying Niu, Fangneng Huang Nov 2014

A Challenge For The Seed Mixture Refuge Strategy In Bt Maize: Impact Of Cross-Pollination On An Ear-Feeding Pest, Corn Earworm, Fei Yang, David L. Kerns, Graham P. Head, B. Rogers Leonard, Ronnie Levy, Ying Niu, Fangneng Huang

Faculty Publications

To counter the threat of insect resistance, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize growers in the U.S. are required to plant structured non-Bt maize refuges. Concerns with refuge compliance led to the introduction of seed mixtures, also called RIB (refuge-inthe-bag), as an alternative approach for implementing refuge for Bt maize products in the U.S. Maize Belt. A major concern in RIB is cross-pollination of maize hybrids that can cause Bt proteins to be present in refuge maize kernels and negatively affect refuge insects. Here we show that a mixed planting of 5% nonBt and 95% Bt maize containing the SmartStax traits expressing …

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A Raman Microspectroscopy Study Of Water And Trehalose In Spin-Dried Cells, Alireza Abazari, Nilay Chakraborty, Steven Hand, Alptekin Aksan, Mehmet Toner Nov 2014

A Raman Microspectroscopy Study Of Water And Trehalose In Spin-Dried Cells, Alireza Abazari, Nilay Chakraborty, Steven Hand, Alptekin Aksan, Mehmet Toner

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Biophysical Society. Long-term storage of desiccated nucleated mammalian cells at ambient temperature may be accomplished in a stable glassy state, which can be achieved by removal of water from the biological sample in the presence of glass-forming agents including trehalose. The stability of the glass may be compromised due to a nonuniform distribution of residual water and trehalose within and around the desiccated cells. Thus, quantification of water and trehalose contents at the single-cell level is critical for predicting the glass formation and stability for dry storage. Using Raman microspectroscopy, we estimated the trehalose and residual water contents …

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Cry1f Resistance In Fall Armyworm Spodoptera Frugiperda: Single Gene Versus Pyramided Bt Maize, Fangneng Huang, Jawwad A. Qureshi, Robert L. Meagher, Dominic D. Reisig, Graham P. Head, David A. Andow, Xinzi Ni, David Kerns, G. David Buntin, Ying Niu, Fei Yang, Vikash Dangal Nov 2014

Cry1f Resistance In Fall Armyworm Spodoptera Frugiperda: Single Gene Versus Pyramided Bt Maize, Fangneng Huang, Jawwad A. Qureshi, Robert L. Meagher, Dominic D. Reisig, Graham P. Head, David A. Andow, Xinzi Ni, David Kerns, G. David Buntin, Ying Niu, Fei Yang, Vikash Dangal

Faculty Publications

Evolution of insect resistance to transgenic crops containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes is a serious threat to the sustainability of this technology. However, field resistance related to the reduced efficacy of Bt maize has not been documented in any lepidopteran pest in the mainland U.S. after 18 years of intensive Bt maize planting. Here we report compelling evidence of field resistance in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), to Cry1F maize (TC 3507) in the southeastern region of the U.S. An F2 screen showed a surprisingly high (0.293) Cry1F resistance allele frequency in a population collected in 2011 from …

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Crystal Structure Of A Lipoxygenase In Complex With Substrate: The Arachidonic Acid-Binding Site Of 8r-Lipoxygenase, David B. Neau, Gunes Bender, William E. Boeglin, Sue G. Bartlett, Alan R. Brash, Marcia E. Newcomer Nov 2014

Crystal Structure Of A Lipoxygenase In Complex With Substrate: The Arachidonic Acid-Binding Site Of 8r-Lipoxygenase, David B. Neau, Gunes Bender, William E. Boeglin, Sue G. Bartlett, Alan R. Brash, Marcia E. Newcomer

Faculty Publications

Lipoxygenases (LOX) play critical roles in mammalian biology in the generation of potent lipid mediators of the inflammatory response; consequently, they are targets for the development of isoform-specific inhibitors. The regio- and stereo-specificity of the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by the enzymes is understood in terms of the chemistry, but structural observation of the enzyme-substrate interactions is lacking. Although several LOX crystal structures are available, heretofore the rapid oxygenation of bound substrate has precluded capture of the enzyme-substrate complex, leaving a gap between chemical and structural insights. In this report, we describe the 2.0 Å resolution structure of 8R-LOX …

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Functionalization Of 3,5,8-Trichlorinated Bodipy Dyes, Haijun Wang, Frank R. Fronczek, M. Graça H. Vicente, Kevin M. Smith Nov 2014

Functionalization Of 3,5,8-Trichlorinated Bodipy Dyes, Haijun Wang, Frank R. Fronczek, M. Graça H. Vicente, Kevin M. Smith

Faculty Publications

© 2014 American Chemical Society. Catalytic hydrogenation of dibenzyl 5-dipyrroketone-2,9-dicarboxylates followed by decarboxylative iodination affords a 2,9-diiododipyrroketone which gives a 2,5,9-trichlorodipyrromethene hydrochloride after nucleophilic addition/elimination, with adventitious chloride to replace the two iodide groups. Treatment with BF3·Et2O gives a 3,5,8-trichloro-BODIPY that readily undergoes regioselective Stille coupling at the 8-position, or homo/mixed couplings at the 3,8- or 3,5- and 8-positions. Stepwise and controlled replacement of the 3,5- and 8-chlorine atoms using Stille reagents results in formation of a completely unsymmetrical trisubstituted BODIPY. Several examples of unsymmetrical BODIPYs were synthesized and characterized using this methodology. Structure features of new BODIPYs are discussed …

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Defining The Role Of Common Variation In The Genomic And Biological Architecture Of Adult Human Height, Andrew R. Wood, Tonu Esko, Jian Yang, Sailaja Vedantam, Tune H. Pers, Stefan Gustafsson, Audrey Y. Chu, Karol Estrada, Jian'an Luan, Zoltán Kutalik, Najaf Amin, Martin L. Buchkovich, Damien C. Croteau-Chonka, Felix R. Day, Yanan Duan, Tove Fall, Rudolf Fehrmann, Teresa Ferreira, Anne U. Jackson, Juha Karjalainen, Ken Sin Lo, Adam E. Locke, Reedik Mägi, Evelin Mihailov, Eleonora Porcu, Joshua C. Randall, André Scherag, Anna A.E. Vinkhuyzen, Harm Jan Westra, Thomas W. Winkler, Tsegaselassie Workalemahu, Jing Hua Zhao, Devin Absher Nov 2014

Defining The Role Of Common Variation In The Genomic And Biological Architecture Of Adult Human Height, Andrew R. Wood, Tonu Esko, Jian Yang, Sailaja Vedantam, Tune H. Pers, Stefan Gustafsson, Audrey Y. Chu, Karol Estrada, Jian'an Luan, Zoltán Kutalik, Najaf Amin, Martin L. Buchkovich, Damien C. Croteau-Chonka, Felix R. Day, Yanan Duan, Tove Fall, Rudolf Fehrmann, Teresa Ferreira, Anne U. Jackson, Juha Karjalainen, Ken Sin Lo, Adam E. Locke, Reedik Mägi, Evelin Mihailov, Eleonora Porcu, Joshua C. Randall, André Scherag, Anna A.E. Vinkhuyzen, Harm Jan Westra, Thomas W. Winkler, Tsegaselassie Workalemahu, Jing Hua Zhao, Devin Absher

Faculty Publications

Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated 1/42,000, 1/43,700 and 1/49,500 SNPs explained 1/421%, 1/424% and 1/429% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured 60% of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci were enriched for genes, pathways and tissue types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, …

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Ascorbic Acid, Thiamin, Riboflavin, And Vitamin B6 Contents Vary Between Sweetpotato Tissue Types, Wilmer A. Barrera, David H. Picha Nov 2014

Ascorbic Acid, Thiamin, Riboflavin, And Vitamin B6 Contents Vary Between Sweetpotato Tissue Types, Wilmer A. Barrera, David H. Picha

Faculty Publications

Sweetpotato is considered a good source of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and certain B vitamins. These water-soluble vitamins (WSV) play essential roles in sustaining human health. Besides the root, sweetpotato vegetative tissues are also edible and considered high in nutritional value. Despite the availability of general reference values for sweetpotato WSV content in the root and leaves, little is known about the distribution of these vitamins in specific sweetpotato root and vegetative tissues. The objective of this study was to determine the ascorbic acid (AA), thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), and vitamin B6 content in a range of foliar tissues including …

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