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African Fire Cultures, Cattle Ranching, And Colonial Landscape Transformations In The Neotropics, Andrew Sluyter, Chris Duvall Jan 2015

African Fire Cultures, Cattle Ranching, And Colonial Landscape Transformations In The Neotropics, Andrew Sluyter, Chris Duvall

Faculty Publications

Fire regimes emerge partly from human activities that reflect cultural-ecological knowledge of the relationships among fire, vegetation, grazing, climate, and other variables, as well as social relations. More knowledge of such “fire cultures,” past and present, therefore remains necessary to better understand the causes and persistent consequences of landscape burning. In the neotropics, people have used fire for centuries to manage livestock pastures. Conventional wisdom has long posited that such practices derived solely from antecedent European and indigenous, Native American fire cultures. Analysis of accounts of rangeland burning from throughout the neotropics during colonial times, however, demonstrates that ranchers incorporated …

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Comparison Of The Effects Of Neonicotinoids And Pyrethroids Against Oebalus Pugnax (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) In Rice, Bryce Blackman, Srinivas Lanka, Natalie Hummel, Mo Way, Michael Stout Jan 2015

Comparison Of The Effects Of Neonicotinoids And Pyrethroids Against Oebalus Pugnax (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) In Rice, Bryce Blackman, Srinivas Lanka, Natalie Hummel, Mo Way, Michael Stout

Faculty Publications

The rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an economically important late-season pest of rice in the southern United States. Stink bug feeding results in yield reduction and discounted purchase price due to broken or discolored ("pecky") rice grains. The primary tactic for O. pugnax management is the application of insecticides once adults reach an action threshold. Recent surveys show that pyrethroids are preferred by southern U.S. rice farmers over all other insecticides to reduce O. pugnax densities. However, preliminary tests in 2009 suggested resistance to pyrethroids may be developing in an O. pugnax population in Texas, where …

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Induced Jasmonate Signaling Leads To Contrasting Effects On Root Damage And Herbivore Performance, Jing Lu, Christelle Aurélie Maud Robert, Michael Riemann, Marco Cosme, Laurent Mène-Saffrané, Josep Massana, Michael Joseph Stout, Yonggen Lou, Jonathan Gershenzon, Matthias Erb Jan 2015

Induced Jasmonate Signaling Leads To Contrasting Effects On Root Damage And Herbivore Performance, Jing Lu, Christelle Aurélie Maud Robert, Michael Riemann, Marco Cosme, Laurent Mène-Saffrané, Josep Massana, Michael Joseph Stout, Yonggen Lou, Jonathan Gershenzon, Matthias Erb

Faculty Publications

© 2015 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. Induced defenses play a key role in plant resistance against leaf feeders. However, very little is known about the signals that are involved in defending plants against root feeders and how they are influenced by abiotic factors. We investigated these aspects for the interaction between rice (Oryza sativa) and two root-feeding insects: the generalist cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteata) and the more specialized rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus). Rice plants responded to root attack by increasing the production of jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid, whereas in contrast to in herbivore-attacked …

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Factors Influencing Expression Of Antixenosis In Soybean To Anticarsia Gemmatalis And Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Arlindo Leal Boiça Júnior, Bruno Henrique Sardinha De Souza, Eduardo Neves Costa, Zulene Antonio Ribeiro, Michael Joseph Stout Jan 2015

Factors Influencing Expression Of Antixenosis In Soybean To Anticarsia Gemmatalis And Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Arlindo Leal Boiça Júnior, Bruno Henrique Sardinha De Souza, Eduardo Neves Costa, Zulene Antonio Ribeiro, Michael Joseph Stout

Faculty Publications

© The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. This study aimed to evaluate some factors that influence the expression of antixenosis in soybean genotypes against Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Free-choice and no-choice feeding assays were performed with the resistant soybean genotype IAC 100 and the susceptible genotype BRSGO 8360 using A. gemmatalis and S. frugiperda larvae. The following factors that may affect expression of resistance were evaluated: one larva versus two larvae per leaf disc; use of larvae without prior feeding suspension versus larvae starved …

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Leptin Deficient Ob/Ob Mice And Diet-Induced Obese Mice Responded Differently To Roux-En-Y Bypass Surgery, Z. Hao, H. Münzberg, K. Rezai-Zadeh, M. Keenan, D. Coulon, H. Lu, H. R. Berthoud, J. Ye Jan 2015

Leptin Deficient Ob/Ob Mice And Diet-Induced Obese Mice Responded Differently To Roux-En-Y Bypass Surgery, Z. Hao, H. Münzberg, K. Rezai-Zadeh, M. Keenan, D. Coulon, H. Lu, H. R. Berthoud, J. Ye

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. Weight regain contributes to the therapeutic failure in 15-20% of type 2 diabetic patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), and the mechanism remains largely unknown. This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of weight regain.Research design:Wild-type (WT) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were used to mimic human obesity, and ob/ob mice were used for leptin deficiency-induced obesity. Two groups of mice were compared in weight regain for 10 months after RYGB. Weight loss, food intake, fecal energy loss and energy expenditure were monitored in the study of weight regain. Fasting insulin, insulin tolerance and …

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Role Of Resistant Starch In Improving Gut Health, Adiposity, And Insulin Resistance, Michael J. Keenan, June Zhou, Maren Hegsted, Christine Pelkman, Holiday A. Durham, Diana B. Coulon, Roy J. Martin Jan 2015

Role Of Resistant Starch In Improving Gut Health, Adiposity, And Insulin Resistance, Michael J. Keenan, June Zhou, Maren Hegsted, Christine Pelkman, Holiday A. Durham, Diana B. Coulon, Roy J. Martin

Faculty Publications

© 2015 American Society for Nutrition. The realization that low-glycemic index diets were formulated using resistant starch led to more than a decade of research on the health effects of resistant starch. Determination of the metabolizable energy of the resistant starch product allowed for the performance of isocaloric studies. Fermentation of resistant starch in rodent studies results in what appears to be a healthier gut, demonstrated by increased amounts of short-chain fatty acids, an apparent positive change in the microbiota, and increased gene expression for gene products involved in normal healthy proliferation and apoptosis of potential cancer cells. Additionally, consumption …

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Photoactivated Mir-148b-Nanoparticle Conjugates Improve Closure Of Critical Size Mouse Calvarial Defects, Ammar T. Qureshi, Andrew Doyle, Cong Chen, Diana Coulon, Vinod Dasa, Fabio Delpiero, Benjamin Levi, W. Todd Monroe, Jeffrey M. Gimble, Daniel J. Hayes Jan 2015

Photoactivated Mir-148b-Nanoparticle Conjugates Improve Closure Of Critical Size Mouse Calvarial Defects, Ammar T. Qureshi, Andrew Doyle, Cong Chen, Diana Coulon, Vinod Dasa, Fabio Delpiero, Benjamin Levi, W. Todd Monroe, Jeffrey M. Gimble, Daniel J. Hayes

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Inducible systems providing temporal control of differentiation have the potential to improve outcomes in surgical reconstruction and regenerative medicine by precise modulation of wound healing and tissue repair processes. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that nanoformulated microRNA (miRNA) conjugates activated via photo exposure can lead to the induced osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) in vivo. The conjugate PC-miR-148b-SNP, a mimic of miRNA-148b tethered to silver nanoparticles (SNPs) via a photolabile linker, was used to modulate gene expression for improved closure of a …

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Leptin Deficient Ob/Ob Mice And Diet-Induced Obese Mice Responded Differently To Roux-En-Y Bypass Surgery, Z. Hao, H. Münzberg, K. Rezai-Zadeh, M. Keenan, D. Coulon, H. Lu, H. R. Berthoud, J. Ye Jan 2015

Leptin Deficient Ob/Ob Mice And Diet-Induced Obese Mice Responded Differently To Roux-En-Y Bypass Surgery, Z. Hao, H. Münzberg, K. Rezai-Zadeh, M. Keenan, D. Coulon, H. Lu, H. R. Berthoud, J. Ye

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. Weight regain contributes to the therapeutic failure in 15-20% of type 2 diabetic patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), and the mechanism remains largely unknown. This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of weight regain.Research design:Wild-type (WT) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were used to mimic human obesity, and ob/ob mice were used for leptin deficiency-induced obesity. Two groups of mice were compared in weight regain for 10 months after RYGB. Weight loss, food intake, fecal energy loss and energy expenditure were monitored in the study of weight regain. Fasting insulin, insulin tolerance and …

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Role Of Resistant Starch In Improving Gut Health, Adiposity, And Insulin Resistance, Michael J. Keenan, June Zhou, Maren Hegsted, Christine Pelkman, Holiday A. Durham, Diana B. Coulon, Roy J. Martin Jan 2015

Role Of Resistant Starch In Improving Gut Health, Adiposity, And Insulin Resistance, Michael J. Keenan, June Zhou, Maren Hegsted, Christine Pelkman, Holiday A. Durham, Diana B. Coulon, Roy J. Martin

Faculty Publications

© 2015 American Society for Nutrition. The realization that low-glycemic index diets were formulated using resistant starch led to more than a decade of research on the health effects of resistant starch. Determination of the metabolizable energy of the resistant starch product allowed for the performance of isocaloric studies. Fermentation of resistant starch in rodent studies results in what appears to be a healthier gut, demonstrated by increased amounts of short-chain fatty acids, an apparent positive change in the microbiota, and increased gene expression for gene products involved in normal healthy proliferation and apoptosis of potential cancer cells. Additionally, consumption …

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Photoactivated Mir-148b-Nanoparticle Conjugates Improve Closure Of Critical Size Mouse Calvarial Defects, Ammar T. Qureshi, Andrew Doyle, Cong Chen, Diana Coulon, Vinod Dasa, Fabio Delpiero, Benjamin Levi, W. Todd Monroe, Jeffrey M. Gimble, Daniel J. Hayes Jan 2015

Photoactivated Mir-148b-Nanoparticle Conjugates Improve Closure Of Critical Size Mouse Calvarial Defects, Ammar T. Qureshi, Andrew Doyle, Cong Chen, Diana Coulon, Vinod Dasa, Fabio Delpiero, Benjamin Levi, W. Todd Monroe, Jeffrey M. Gimble, Daniel J. Hayes

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Inducible systems providing temporal control of differentiation have the potential to improve outcomes in surgical reconstruction and regenerative medicine by precise modulation of wound healing and tissue repair processes. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that nanoformulated microRNA (miRNA) conjugates activated via photo exposure can lead to the induced osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) in vivo. The conjugate PC-miR-148b-SNP, a mimic of miRNA-148b tethered to silver nanoparticles (SNPs) via a photolabile linker, was used to modulate gene expression for improved closure of a …

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Prowashonupana Barley Dietary Fibre Reduces Body Fat And Increases Insulin Sensitivity In Caenorhabditis Elegans Model, Chenfei Gao, Michael L. King, Zachary L. Fitzpatrick, Wenqian Wei, Jason F. King, Mingming Wang, Frank L. Greenway, John W. Finley, Jeffrey H. Burton, William D. Johnson, Michael J. Keenan, Frederick M. Enright, Roy J. Martin, Jolene Zheng Jan 2015

Prowashonupana Barley Dietary Fibre Reduces Body Fat And Increases Insulin Sensitivity In Caenorhabditis Elegans Model, Chenfei Gao, Michael L. King, Zachary L. Fitzpatrick, Wenqian Wei, Jason F. King, Mingming Wang, Frank L. Greenway, John W. Finley, Jeffrey H. Burton, William D. Johnson, Michael J. Keenan, Frederick M. Enright, Roy J. Martin, Jolene Zheng

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Prowashonupana barley (PWB) is high in β-glucan with moderate content of resistant starch. PWB reduced intestinal fat deposition (IFD) in wild type Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans, N2), and in sir-2.1 or daf-16 null mutants, and sustained a surrogate marker of lifespan, pharyngeal pumping rate (PPR), in N2, sir-2.1, daf-16, or daf-16/daf-2 mutants. Hyperglycaemia (2% glucose) reversed or reduced the PWB effect on IFD in N2 or daf-16/daf-2 mutants with a sustained PPR. mRNA expression of cpt-1, cpt-2, ckr-1, and gcy-8 were dose-dependently reduced in N2 or daf-16 mutants, elevated in daf-16/daf-2 mutants with reduction in cpt-1, …

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The F-Bar Cdc15 Promotes Contractile Ring Formation Through The Direct Recruitment Of The Formin Cdc12, Alaina H. Willet, Nathan A. Mcdonald, K. Adam Bohnert, Michelle A. Baird, John R. Allen, Michael W. Davidson, Kathleen L. Gould Jan 2015

The F-Bar Cdc15 Promotes Contractile Ring Formation Through The Direct Recruitment Of The Formin Cdc12, Alaina H. Willet, Nathan A. Mcdonald, K. Adam Bohnert, Michelle A. Baird, John R. Allen, Michael W. Davidson, Kathleen L. Gould

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Willet et al. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cytokinesis requires the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin-based contractile ring (CR). Nucleation of F-actin for the CR requires a single formin, Cdc12, that localizes to the cell middle at mitotic onset. Although genetic requirements for formin Cdc12 recruitment have been determined, the molecular mechanisms dictating its targeting to the medial cortex during cytokinesis are unknown. In this paper, we define a short motif within the N terminus of Cdc12 that binds directly to the F-BAR domain of the scaffolding protein Cdc15. Mutations preventing the Cdc12-Cdc15 interaction resulted in reduced Cdc12, F-actin, …

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Chandlerea And Nunnea (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), Two New Genera From New Zealand With Descriptions Of Three New Species, Jong Seok Park, Christopher E. Carlton Jan 2015

Chandlerea And Nunnea (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), Two New Genera From New Zealand With Descriptions Of Three New Species, Jong Seok Park, Christopher E. Carlton

Faculty Publications

Two new genera and three new species of New Zealand endemic pselaphine staphylinid beetles belonging to the supertribe Faronitae are described as follows: Chandlerea Park & Carlton, gen. nov., including C. donaldi Park & Carlton, sp. nov.; and Nunnea Park & Carlton, gen. nov., including N. johni Park & Carlton, sp. nov., and N. kuscheli Park & Carlton, sp. nov. A key to species, habitus photographs, line drawings of diagnostic characters and distribution maps for all species are provided.

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Errata: Chandlerea And Nunnea (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), Two New Genera From New Zealand With Descriptions Of Three New Species (Florida Entomologist 98, 2 (588-592)), Jong Seok Park, Christopher E. Carlton Jan 2015

Errata: Chandlerea And Nunnea (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), Two New Genera From New Zealand With Descriptions Of Three New Species (Florida Entomologist 98, 2 (588-592)), Jong Seok Park, Christopher E. Carlton

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Aucklandea And Leschenea, Two New Monotypic Genera From New Zealand (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), And A Key To New Zealand Genera Of The Supertribe Faronitae, J. S. Park, C. E. Carlton Jan 2015

Aucklandea And Leschenea, Two New Monotypic Genera From New Zealand (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), And A Key To New Zealand Genera Of The Supertribe Faronitae, J. S. Park, C. E. Carlton

Faculty Publications

© 2015, Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. Two new genera and two new species of New Zealand endemic pselaphine staphylinid beetles are described as follows: Aucklandea Park and Carlton, gen. nov., based on Aucklandea fusca Park and Carlton, sp. nov.; and Leschenea Park and Carlton, gen. nov., based on Leschenea richardi Park and Carlton, sp. nov. Illustrations of habitus and major diagnostic characters, distribution maps, and an identification key of all New Zealand genera of the pselaphine supertribe Faronitae are provided.

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Pseudoexeirarthra, A New Genus From New Zealand (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae), With Descriptions Of Seven New Species, Jong Seok Park, Christopher E. Carlton Jan 2015

Pseudoexeirarthra, A New Genus From New Zealand (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae), With Descriptions Of Seven New Species, Jong Seok Park, Christopher E. Carlton

Faculty Publications

© Jong-Seok Park, Christopher E. Carlton. A new endemic genus and seven new species of New Zealand pselaphine staphylinid beetles of the supertribe Faronitae are described as follows: Pseudoexeirarthra Park & Carlton, gen. n. (type species: Sagola spinifer Broun); P. sungmini Park & Carlton, sp. n.; P. kwangguki Park & Carlton, sp. n.; P. youngboki Park & Carlton, sp. n.; P. seiwoongi Park & Carlton, sp. n.; P. parkeri Park & Carlston, sp. n.; P. hlavaci Park & Carlton, sp. n.; P. nomurai Park & Carlton, sp. n. Three species, S. spinifer Broun, S. colorata Broun, and S. puncticollis Broun, …

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New Species Diversity Revealed From Molecular And Morphological Characterization Of Gall-Inducing Calophya Spp. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) From Brazilian Peppertree, Rodrigo Diaz, Aaron M. Dickey, Robert G. Shatters, Veronica Manrique, Marcelo D. Vitorino, William A. Overholt Jan 2015

New Species Diversity Revealed From Molecular And Morphological Characterization Of Gall-Inducing Calophya Spp. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) From Brazilian Peppertree, Rodrigo Diaz, Aaron M. Dickey, Robert G. Shatters, Veronica Manrique, Marcelo D. Vitorino, William A. Overholt

Faculty Publications

Four populations of Calophya spp. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) collected in Brazil were characterized using molecular and morphological methods. Examination of adults revealed the presence of 2 morphotypes, which were identified as C. latiforceps and C. terebinthifolii. However, morphological examination of 5th instar nymphs detected differences within C. latiforceps, with a population from Ubu, Espírito Santo, being distinct from the other 2 populations. Molecular characterization of the mitochondrial CO1 gene supported the presence of a new species of Calophya. .

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Diversity Of Arthropods Associated With Mikania Spp And Chromolaena Odorata (Asterales: Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) In Florida, R. Diaz, S. Romero, A. Roda, C. Mannion, W. A. Overholt Jan 2015

Diversity Of Arthropods Associated With Mikania Spp And Chromolaena Odorata (Asterales: Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) In Florida, R. Diaz, S. Romero, A. Roda, C. Mannion, W. A. Overholt

Faculty Publications

Summary Field surveys revealed that in south Florida the recently established Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asterales: Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) had a lower diversity of monophagous insect herbivores compared to the native Mikania spp or Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob. (Asterales: Asteraceae: Eupatorieae). In addition, Mikania micrantha served as a host for pests of agricultural and ornamental crops in Florida.

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Exploring Origins, Invasion History And Genetic Diversity Of Imperata Cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. (Cogongrass) In The United States Using Genotyping By Sequencing, A. Millie Burrell, Alan E. Pepper, George Hodnett, John A. Goolsby, William A. Overholt, Alexis E. Racelis, Rodrigo Diaz, Patricia E. Klein Jan 2015

Exploring Origins, Invasion History And Genetic Diversity Of Imperata Cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. (Cogongrass) In The United States Using Genotyping By Sequencing, A. Millie Burrell, Alan E. Pepper, George Hodnett, John A. Goolsby, William A. Overholt, Alexis E. Racelis, Rodrigo Diaz, Patricia E. Klein

Faculty Publications

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Imperata cylindrica (Cogongrass, Speargrass) is a diploid C4 grass that is a noxious weed in 73 countries and constitutes a significant threat to global biodiversity and sustainable agriculture. We used a cost-effective genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to identify the reproductive system, genetic diversity and geographic origins of invasions in the south-eastern United States. In this work, we demonstrated the advantage of employing the closely related, fully sequenced crop species Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench as a proxy reference genome to identify a set of 2320 informative single nucleotide and insertion-deletion polymorphisms. Genetic analyses identified four …

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Cofeeding Intra- And Interspecific Transmission Of An Emerging Insect-Borne Rickettsial Pathogen, Lisa D. Brown, Rebecca C. Christofferson, Kaikhushroo H. Banajee, Fabio Del Piero, Lane D. Foil, Kevin R. Macaluso Jan 2015

Cofeeding Intra- And Interspecific Transmission Of An Emerging Insect-Borne Rickettsial Pathogen, Lisa D. Brown, Rebecca C. Christofferson, Kaikhushroo H. Banajee, Fabio Del Piero, Lane D. Foil, Kevin R. Macaluso

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) are known as the primary vector and reservoir of Rickettsia felis, the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever; however, field surveys regularly report molecular detection of this infectious agent from other blood-feeding arthropods. The presence of R. felis in additional arthropods may be the result of chance consumption of an infectious bloodmeal, but isolation of viable rickettsiae circulating in the blood of suspected vertebrate reservoirs has not been demonstrated. Successful transmission of pathogens between actively blood-feeding arthropods in the absence of a disseminated …

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Combined Next-Generation Sequencing And Morphology Reveal Fine-Scale Speciation In Crocodile Skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Tribolonotus), Eric N. Rittmeyer, Christopher C. Austin Jan 2015

Combined Next-Generation Sequencing And Morphology Reveal Fine-Scale Speciation In Crocodile Skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Tribolonotus), Eric N. Rittmeyer, Christopher C. Austin

Faculty Publications

© 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Next-generation sequencing has vast potential to revolutionize the fields of phylogenetics and population genetics through its ability to collect genomic scale data sets of thousands of orthologous loci. Despite this potential, other types of data (e.g. morphology, ecology) remain important, particularly for studies endeavouring to delimit species. Here, we integrate next-generation sequencing with morphology to examine divergence between populations of Tribolonotus pseudoponceleti on the islands of Buka and Bougainville in the Solomon Archipelago. We used the Ion Torrent PGM to collect over 648 Mbp of sequence data for 12 samples, representing 1526 loci …

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Comparative Gut Microbiota Of 59 Neotropical Bird Species, Sarah M. Hird, César Sánchez, Bryan C. Carstens, Robb T. Brumfield Jan 2015

Comparative Gut Microbiota Of 59 Neotropical Bird Species, Sarah M. Hird, César Sánchez, Bryan C. Carstens, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Hird, Sánchez, Carstens and Brumfield. The gut microbiota of vertebrates are essential to host health. Most non-model vertebrates, however, lack even a basic description of natural gut microbiota biodiversity. Here, we sampled 116 intestines from 59 Neotropical bird species and used the V6 region of the 16S rRNA molecule as a microbial fingerprint (average coverage per bird ~80,000 reads). A core microbiota of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria was identified, as well as several gut-associated genera. We tested 18 categorical variables associated with each bird for significant correlation to the gut microbiota; host taxonomic categories were most frequently …

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Similarity Thresholds Used In Dna Sequence Assembly Fromshort Reads Can Reduce The Comparability Of Population Histories Across Species, Michael G. Harvey, Caroline Duffie Judy, Glenn F. Seeholzer, James M. Maley, Gary R. Graves, Robb T. Brumfield Jan 2015

Similarity Thresholds Used In Dna Sequence Assembly Fromshort Reads Can Reduce The Comparability Of Population Histories Across Species, Michael G. Harvey, Caroline Duffie Judy, Glenn F. Seeholzer, James M. Maley, Gary R. Graves, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Harvey et al. Comparing inferences among datasets generated using short read sequencing may provide insight into the concerted impacts of divergence, gene flow and selection across organisms, but comparisons are complicated by biases introduced during dataset assembly. Sequence similarity thresholds allow the de novo assembly of short reads into clusters of alleles representing different loci, but the resulting datasets are sensitive to both the similarity threshold used and to the variation naturally present in the organism under study. Thresholds that require high sequence similarity among reads for assembly (stringent thresholds) as well as highly variable species may result …

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Louisiana Agriculture Winter, 2015 Jan 2015

Louisiana Agriculture Winter, 2015

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

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Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Co2 At Au Nanoparticle Electrodes: Effects Of Interfacial Chemistry On Reduction Behavior, Evan Andrews, Sai Katla, Challa Kumar, Matthew Patterson, Phillip Sprunger, And John Flake Jan 2015

Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Co2 At Au Nanoparticle Electrodes: Effects Of Interfacial Chemistry On Reduction Behavior, Evan Andrews, Sai Katla, Challa Kumar, Matthew Patterson, Phillip Sprunger, And John Flake

Faculty Publications

Nanoscale Au electrocatalysts demonstrate the extraordinary ability to reduce CO2 at low overpotentials with high selectivity to CO. Here, we investigate the role of surface chemistry on CO2 reduction behavior using Au25 and 5 nm Au nanoparticles. Onset potentials for CO2 reduction at Au25 nanoparticles in Nafion binders are shifted anodically by 190 mV while the hydrogen evolution reaction is shifted cathodically by 300 mV relative to Au foil. The net effect of this beneficial separation in onset potentials is relatively high Faradayic efficiencies for CO (90% at 0.8 V versus RHE) at high current densities. Experimental results show Faradayic …

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Relaxation-Compensated Difference Spin Diffusion Nmr For Detecting 13C-13C Long-Range Correlations In Proteins And Polysaccharides, Tuo Wang, Jonathan K. Williams, Klaus Schmidt-Rohr, Mei Hong Jan 2015

Relaxation-Compensated Difference Spin Diffusion Nmr For Detecting 13C-13C Long-Range Correlations In Proteins And Polysaccharides, Tuo Wang, Jonathan K. Williams, Klaus Schmidt-Rohr, Mei Hong

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. The measurement of long-range distances remains a challenge in solid-state NMR structure determination of biological macromolecules. In 2D and 3D correlation spectra of uniformly 13C-labeled biomolecules, inter-residue, inter-segmental, and intermolecular 13C-13C cross peaks that provide important long-range distance constraints for three-dimensional structures often overlap with short-range cross peaks that only reflect the covalent structure of the molecule. It is therefore desirable to develop new approaches to obtain spectra containing only long-range cross peaks. Here we show that a relaxation-compensated modification of the commonly used 2D 1H-driven spin diffusion (PDSD) experiment allows the clean detection …

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Cellulose-Pectin Spatial Contacts Are Inherent To Never-Dried Arabidopsis Primary Cell Walls: Evidence From Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Tuo Wang, Yong Bum Park, Daniel J. Cosgrove, Mei Hong Jan 2015

Cellulose-Pectin Spatial Contacts Are Inherent To Never-Dried Arabidopsis Primary Cell Walls: Evidence From Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Tuo Wang, Yong Bum Park, Daniel J. Cosgrove, Mei Hong

Faculty Publications

© 2015 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. The structural role of pectins in plant primary cell walls is not yet well understood because of the complex and disordered nature of the cell wall polymers. We recently introduced multidimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterize the spatial proximities of wall polysaccharides. The data showed extensive cross peaks between pectins and cellulose in the primary wall of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), indicating subnanometer contacts between the two polysaccharides. This result was unexpected because stable pectin-cellulose interactions are not predicted by in vitro binding assays and prevailing cell wall models. …

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Cell Type-Specific Responses To Salinity - The Epidermal Bladder Cell Transcriptome Of Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum, Dong Ha Oh, Bronwyn J. Barkla, Rosario Vera-Estrella, Omar Pantoja, Sang Yeol Lee, Hans J. Bohnert, Maheshi Dassanayake Jan 2015

Cell Type-Specific Responses To Salinity - The Epidermal Bladder Cell Transcriptome Of Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum, Dong Ha Oh, Bronwyn J. Barkla, Rosario Vera-Estrella, Omar Pantoja, Sang Yeol Lee, Hans J. Bohnert, Maheshi Dassanayake

Faculty Publications

© 2015 New Phytologist Trust. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (ice plant) exhibits extreme tolerance to salt. Epidermal bladder cells (EBCs), developing on the surface of aerial tissues and specialized in sodium sequestration and other protective functions, are critical for the plant's stress adaptation. We present the first transcriptome analysis of EBCs isolated from intact plants, to investigate cell type-specific responses during plant salt adaptation. We developed a de novo assembled, nonredundant EBC reference transcriptome. Using RNAseq, we compared the expression patterns of the EBC-specific transcriptome between control and salt-treated plants. The EBC reference transcriptome consists of 37 341 transcript-contigs, of which 7% …

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Synthesis, Spectroscopic, And In Vitro Investigations Of 2,6-Diiodo-Bodipys With Pdt And Bioimaging Applications, Jaime H. Gibbs, Zehua Zhou, David Kessel, Frank R. Fronczek, Svetlana Pakhomova, M. Graҫa H. Vicente Jan 2015

Synthesis, Spectroscopic, And In Vitro Investigations Of 2,6-Diiodo-Bodipys With Pdt And Bioimaging Applications, Jaime H. Gibbs, Zehua Zhou, David Kessel, Frank R. Fronczek, Svetlana Pakhomova, M. Graҫa H. Vicente

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. A series of five mono-styryl and their corresponding symmetric di-styryl-2,6-diiodo-BODIPYs containing indolyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl or tri(ethylene glycol)phenyl groups were synthesized using Knoevenagel condensations. The yields for the condensation reactions were improved up to 40% using microwave irradiation (90 °C for 1 h at 400 W) due to lower decomposition of BODIPYs upon prolonged heating. The spectroscopic, structural (including the X-ray of a di-styryl-2,6-diiodo-BODIPY) and in vitro properties of the BODIPYs were investigated. The extension of π-conjugation through the 3,5-dimethyls of the known phototoxic 2,6-diiodo-BODIPY 1 produced bathochromic shifts in the absorption and emission …

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Blueberries Improve Glucose Tolerance Without Altering Body Composition In Obese Postmenopausal Mice, Carrie M. Elks, Jennifer D. Terrebonne, Donald K. Ingram, Jacqueline M. Stephens Jan 2015

Blueberries Improve Glucose Tolerance Without Altering Body Composition In Obese Postmenopausal Mice, Carrie M. Elks, Jennifer D. Terrebonne, Donald K. Ingram, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Obesity Society. Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk increases significantly during menopause and remains elevated postmenopause. Several botanicals, including blueberries (BB), have been shown to delay MetS progression, but few studies have been conducted in postmenopausal animal models. Here, the effects of BB supplementation on obese postmenopausal mice using a chemically induced menopause model were examined. Methods After induction of menopause, mice were fed a high-fat diet or the same diet supplemented with 4% BB powder for 12 weeks. Body weight and body composition were measured, and mice were subjected to glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Serum triglycerides …

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