Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Louisiana State University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 5191 - 5220 of 13619

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Taxonomy And Systematics Of The Herichthyins (Cichlidae: Tribe Heroini), With The Description Of Eight New Middle American Genera, Caleb D. Mcmahan, Wilfredo A. Matamoros, Kyle R. Piller, Prosanta Chakrabarty Aug 2015

Taxonomy And Systematics Of The Herichthyins (Cichlidae: Tribe Heroini), With The Description Of Eight New Middle American Genera, Caleb D. Mcmahan, Wilfredo A. Matamoros, Kyle R. Piller, Prosanta Chakrabarty

Faculty Publications

In recent years great strides have been made for improving our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among neotropical cichlids, particularly within the clade Heroini and its crown clade the herichthyins. Most phylogenetic studies have largely converged on congruent topologies for relationships among species and major lineages within the herichthyins. One major aspect missing from previous studies of these cichlids is a formal taxonomic revision, including the redefining of genera. Based on analysis of 52 species and three mitochondrial and two nuclear loci, we generate a Bayesian phylogeny for the herichthyin cichlids, and formally revise the taxonomy for genera within this …

Go to article

Effects Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Different Toxigenic And Atoxigenic Isolates Of Aspergillus Flavus, Jake C. Fountain, Brian T. Scully, Zhi Yuan Chen, Scott E. Gold, Anthony E. Glenn, Hamed K. Abbas, R. Dewey Lee, Robert C. Kemerait, Baozhu Guo Aug 2015

Effects Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Different Toxigenic And Atoxigenic Isolates Of Aspergillus Flavus, Jake C. Fountain, Brian T. Scully, Zhi Yuan Chen, Scott E. Gold, Anthony E. Glenn, Hamed K. Abbas, R. Dewey Lee, Robert C. Kemerait, Baozhu Guo

Faculty Publications

Drought stress in the field has been shown to exacerbate aflatoxin contamination of maize and peanut. Drought and heat stress also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant tissues. Given the potential correlation between ROS and exacerbated aflatoxin production under drought and heat stress, the objectives of this study were to examine the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress on the growth of different toxigenic (+) and atoxigenic (−) isolates of Aspergillus flavus and to test whether aflatoxin production affects the H2O2 concentrations that the isolates could survive. Ten isolates were tested: NRRL3357 (+), A9 (+), AF13 (+), Tox4 …

Go to article

Genotype-By-Sequencing Of The Plant-Pathogenic Fungi Pyrenophora Teres And Sphaerulina Musiva Utilizing Ion Torrent Sequence Technology, Jared M. Leboldus, Kasia Kinzer, Jonathan Richards, Zhu Ya, Changhui Yan, Timothy L. Friesen, Robert Brueggeman Aug 2015

Genotype-By-Sequencing Of The Plant-Pathogenic Fungi Pyrenophora Teres And Sphaerulina Musiva Utilizing Ion Torrent Sequence Technology, Jared M. Leboldus, Kasia Kinzer, Jonathan Richards, Zhu Ya, Changhui Yan, Timothy L. Friesen, Robert Brueggeman

Faculty Publications

Genetic and genomics tools to characterize host-pathogen interactions are disproportionately directed to the host because of the focus on resistance. However, understanding the genetics of pathogen virulence is equally important and has been limited by the high cost of denovo genotyping of species with limited marker data. Non-resource-prohibitive methods that overcome the limitation of genotyping are now available through genotype-by-sequencing (GBS). The use of a two-enzyme restriction-associated DNA (RAD)-GBS method adapted for Ion Torrent sequencing technology provided robust and reproducible high-density genotyping of several fungal species. A total of 5783 and 2373 unique loci, 'sequence tags', containing 16441 and 9992 …

Go to article

Point Of No Return From Water Loss In Coptotermes Formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Bal K. Gautam, Gregg Henderson Aug 2015

Point Of No Return From Water Loss In Coptotermes Formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Bal K. Gautam, Gregg Henderson

Faculty Publications

Describing desiccation stages based on the physical appearance of termites has not been evaluated previously. Formosan subterranean termites were studied to determine the rate of water loss, singly and in groups, in the laboratory. The stages of water loss are described based on changes in physical appearance and percent total body water loss evaluated at 2- to 8-h time intervals up to 32 h.Workers in groups lost water slower than individual worker trials. Weight loss was linear over time for worker groups and individuals, as was individual soldier only trials. Water loss in individual workers was significantly faster than in …

Go to article

Infectious Disease And Red Wolf Conservation: Assessment Of Disease Occurrence And Associated Risks, Kristin E. Brzeski, Rebecca B. Harrison, William T. Waddell, Karen N. Wolf, David R. Rabon, Sabrina S. Taylor Aug 2015

Infectious Disease And Red Wolf Conservation: Assessment Of Disease Occurrence And Associated Risks, Kristin E. Brzeski, Rebecca B. Harrison, William T. Waddell, Karen N. Wolf, David R. Rabon, Sabrina S. Taylor

Faculty Publications

Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to global biodiversity and may contribute to extinction. As such, establishing baseline disease prevalence in vulnerable species where disease could affect persistence is important to conservation. We assessed potential disease threats to endangered red wolves (Canis rufus) by evaluating regional (southeastern United States) disease occurrences in mammals and parasite prevalence in red wolves and sympatric coyotes (Canis latrans) in North Carolina. Common viral pathogens in the southeast region, such as canine distemper and canine parvovirus, and numerous widespread endoparasites could pose a threat to the red Wolf population. The most prevalent parasites in red …

Go to article

Analyzing The Expression Profile Of Areb/Abf And Dreb/Cbf Genes Under Drought And Salinity Stresses In Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.), Hana Zandkarimi, Ali Ebadi, Seyed Alireza Salami, Houshang Alizade, Niranjan Baisakh Jul 2015

Analyzing The Expression Profile Of Areb/Abf And Dreb/Cbf Genes Under Drought And Salinity Stresses In Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.), Hana Zandkarimi, Ali Ebadi, Seyed Alireza Salami, Houshang Alizade, Niranjan Baisakh

Faculty Publications

Expression patterns of four candidate AREB/ABF genes and four DREB/CBF genes were evaluated in leaf and root tissues of five grape varieties ('Qalati', 'Kaj Angoor', 'Sabz Angoor', 'Siahe Zarghan', 'Bidane Safid') with differential response to drought stress. Among the AREB/ABF genes, AREB1 and ABF2 showed up-regulation in response to drought stress in leaf and root tissues of all varieties while AREB2 and ABF1 showed downregulation in both leaf and root tissues of the sensitive variety 'Bidane Sefid' in response to drought and salt stress. Among the DREB/CBF genes, CBF4 was the most responsive to drought stress in both leaf and …

Go to article

Phytochrome Diversity In Green Plants And The Origin Of Canonical Plant Phytochromes, Fay Wei Li, Michael Melkonian, Carl J. Rothfels, Juan Carlos Villarreal, Dennis W. Stevenson, Sean W. Graham, Gane Ka Shu Wong, Kathleen M. Pryer, Sarah Mathews Jul 2015

Phytochrome Diversity In Green Plants And The Origin Of Canonical Plant Phytochromes, Fay Wei Li, Michael Melkonian, Carl J. Rothfels, Juan Carlos Villarreal, Dennis W. Stevenson, Sean W. Graham, Gane Ka Shu Wong, Kathleen M. Pryer, Sarah Mathews

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Phytochromes are red/far-red photoreceptors that play essential roles in diverse plant morphogenetic and physiological responses to light. Despite their functional significance, phytochrome diversity and evolution across photosynthetic eukaryotes remain poorly understood. Using newly available transcriptomic and genomic data we show that canonical plant phytochromes originated in a common ancestor of streptophytes (charophyte algae and land plants). Phytochromes in charophyte algae are structurally diverse, including canonical and non-canonical forms, whereas in land plants, phytochrome structure is highly conserved. Liverworts, hornworts and Selaginella apparently possess a single phytochrome, whereas independent gene duplications occurred within …

Go to article

Quantum Mechanics, Strong Emergence And Ontological Non-Reducibility, Rodolfo Gambini, Lucía Lewowicz, Jorge Pullin Jul 2015

Quantum Mechanics, Strong Emergence And Ontological Non-Reducibility, Rodolfo Gambini, Lucía Lewowicz, Jorge Pullin

Faculty Publications

We show that a new interpretation of quantum mechanics, in which the notion of event is defined without reference to measurement or observers, allows to construct a quantum general ontology based on systems, states and events. Unlike the Copenhagen interpretation, it does not resort to elements of a classical ontology. The quantum ontology in turn allows us to recognize that a typical behavior of quantum systems exhibits strong emergence and ontological non-reducibility. Such phenomena are not exceptional but natural, and are rooted in the basic mathematical structure of quantum mechanics.

Go to article

Oxidized And Reduced [2fe-2s] Clusters From An Iron(I) Synthon, Megan E. Reesbeck, Meghan M. Rodriguez, William W. Brennessel, Brandon Q. Mercado, David Vinyard, Patrick L. Holland Jul 2015

Oxidized And Reduced [2fe-2s] Clusters From An Iron(I) Synthon, Megan E. Reesbeck, Meghan M. Rodriguez, William W. Brennessel, Brandon Q. Mercado, David Vinyard, Patrick L. Holland

Faculty Publications

© 2015 SBIC. Abstract Synthetic [2Fe-2S] clusters are often used to elucidate ligand effects on the reduction potentials and spectroscopy of natural electron-transfer sites, which can have anionic Cys ligands or neutral His ligands. Current synthetic routes to [2Fe-2S] clusters are limited in their feasibility with a range of supporting ligands. Here, we report a new synthetic route to synthetic [2Fe-2S] clusters, through oxidation of an iron(I) source with elemental sulfur. This method yields a neutral diketiminate-supported [2Fe-2S] cluster in the diiron(III)-oxidized form. The oxidized [2Fe-2S] cluster can be reduced to a mixed valent iron(II)-iron(III) compound. Both the diferric and …

Go to article

High Yield Non-Detergent Isolation Of Photosystem I-Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll Ii Membranes From Spinach Thylakoids: Implications For The Organization Of The Ps I Antennae In Higher Plants, Adam J. Bell, Laurie K. Frankel, Terry M. Bricker Jul 2015

High Yield Non-Detergent Isolation Of Photosystem I-Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll Ii Membranes From Spinach Thylakoids: Implications For The Organization Of The Ps I Antennae In Higher Plants, Adam J. Bell, Laurie K. Frankel, Terry M. Bricker

Faculty Publications

© 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Styrene-maleic acid copolymer was used to effect a non-detergent partial solubilization of thylakoids from spinach. A high density membrane fraction, which was not solubilized by the copolymer, was isolated and was highly enriched in the Photosystem (PS) I-light-harvesting chlorophyll (LHC) II supercomplex and depleted of PS II, the cytochrome b6/f complex, and ATP synthase. The LHC II associated with the supercomplex appeared to be energetically coupled to PS I based on 77 K fluorescence, P700 photooxidation, and PS I electron transport light saturation experiments. The chlorophyll (Chl) a/b …

Go to article

Directional Dominance On Stature And Cognition In Diverse Human Populations, Peter K. Joshi, Tonu Esko, Hannele Mattsson, Niina Eklund, Ilaria Gandin, Teresa Nutile, Anne U. Jackson, Claudia Schurmann, Albert V. Smith, Weihua Zhang, Yukinori Okada, Alena Stančáková, Jessica D. Faul, Wei Zhao, Traci M. Bartz, Maria Pina Concas, Nora Franceschini, Stefan Enroth, Veronique Vitart, Stella Trompet, Xiuqing Guo, Daniel I. Chasman, Jeffrey R. O'Connel, Tanguy Corre, Suraj S. Nongmaithem, Yuning Chen, Massimo Mangino, Daniela Ruggiero, Michela Traglia, Aliki Eleni Farmaki, Tim Kacprowski, Andrew Bjonnes, Ashley Van Der Spek Jul 2015

Directional Dominance On Stature And Cognition In Diverse Human Populations, Peter K. Joshi, Tonu Esko, Hannele Mattsson, Niina Eklund, Ilaria Gandin, Teresa Nutile, Anne U. Jackson, Claudia Schurmann, Albert V. Smith, Weihua Zhang, Yukinori Okada, Alena Stančáková, Jessica D. Faul, Wei Zhao, Traci M. Bartz, Maria Pina Concas, Nora Franceschini, Stefan Enroth, Veronique Vitart, Stella Trompet, Xiuqing Guo, Daniel I. Chasman, Jeffrey R. O'Connel, Tanguy Corre, Suraj S. Nongmaithem, Yuning Chen, Massimo Mangino, Daniela Ruggiero, Michela Traglia, Aliki Eleni Farmaki, Tim Kacprowski, Andrew Bjonnes, Ashley Van Der Spek

Faculty Publications

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of …

Go to article

Exposure To Deepwater Horizon Crude Oil Burnoff Particulate Matter Induces Pulmonary Inflammation And Alters Adaptive Immune Response, Sridhar Jaligama, Zaili Chen, Jordy Saravia, Nikki Yadav, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Tammy R. Dugas, Stephania A. Cormier Jul 2015

Exposure To Deepwater Horizon Crude Oil Burnoff Particulate Matter Induces Pulmonary Inflammation And Alters Adaptive Immune Response, Sridhar Jaligama, Zaili Chen, Jordy Saravia, Nikki Yadav, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Tammy R. Dugas, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

© 2015 American Chemical Society. The "in situ burning" of trapped crude oil on the surface of Gulf waters during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill released numerous pollutants, including combustion-generated particulate matter (PM). Limited information is available on the respiratory impact of inhaled in situ burned oil sail particulate matter (OSPM). Here we utilized PM collected from in situ burn plumes of the DWH oil spill to study the acute effects of exposure to OSPM on pulmonary health. OSPM caused dose-and time-dependent cytotoxicity and generated reactive oxygen species and superoxide radicals in vitro. Additionally, mice exposed to OSPM …

Go to article

Macromolecular Crystallography For Synthetic Abiological Molecules: Combining Xmdff And Phenix For Structure Determination Of Cyanostar Macrocycles, Abhishek Singharoy, Balasubramanian Venkatakrishnan, Yun Liu, Christopher G. Mayne, Semin Lee, Chun Hsing Chen, Adam Zlotnick, Klaus Schulten, Amar H. Flood Jul 2015

Macromolecular Crystallography For Synthetic Abiological Molecules: Combining Xmdff And Phenix For Structure Determination Of Cyanostar Macrocycles, Abhishek Singharoy, Balasubramanian Venkatakrishnan, Yun Liu, Christopher G. Mayne, Semin Lee, Chun Hsing Chen, Adam Zlotnick, Klaus Schulten, Amar H. Flood

Faculty Publications

© 2015 American Chemical Society. Crystal structure determination has long provided insight into structure and bonding of small molecules. When those same small molecules are designed to come together in multimolecular assemblies, such as in coordination cages, supramolecular architectures and organic-based frameworks, their crystallographic characteristics closely resemble biological macromolecules. This resemblance suggests that biomacromolecular refinement approaches be used for structure determination of abiological molecular complexes that arise in an aggregate state. Following this suggestion we investigated the crystal structure of a pentagonal macrocycle, cyanostar, by means of biological structure analysis methods and compared results to traditional small molecule methods. Cyanostar …

Go to article

Redesigning Photosynthesis To Sustainably Meet Global Food And Bioenergy Demand, Donald R. Ort, Sabeeha S. Merchant, Jean Alric, Alice Barkan, Robert E. Blankenship, Ralph Bock, Roberta Croce, Maureen R. Hanson, Julian M. Hibberd, Stephen P. Long, Thomas A. Moore, James Moroney, Krishna K. Niyogi, Martin A.J. Parry, Pamela P. Peralta-Yahya, Roger C. Prince, Kevin E. Redding, Martin H. Spalding, Klaas J. Van Wijk, Wim F.J. Vermaas, Susanne Von Caemmerer, Andreas P.M. Weber, Todd O. Yeates, Joshua S. Yuan, Xin Guang Zhu Jul 2015

Redesigning Photosynthesis To Sustainably Meet Global Food And Bioenergy Demand, Donald R. Ort, Sabeeha S. Merchant, Jean Alric, Alice Barkan, Robert E. Blankenship, Ralph Bock, Roberta Croce, Maureen R. Hanson, Julian M. Hibberd, Stephen P. Long, Thomas A. Moore, James Moroney, Krishna K. Niyogi, Martin A.J. Parry, Pamela P. Peralta-Yahya, Roger C. Prince, Kevin E. Redding, Martin H. Spalding, Klaas J. Van Wijk, Wim F.J. Vermaas, Susanne Von Caemmerer, Andreas P.M. Weber, Todd O. Yeates, Joshua S. Yuan, Xin Guang Zhu

Faculty Publications

© 2015, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The world's crop productivity is stagnating whereas population growth, rising affluence, and mandates for biofuels put increasing demands on agriculture. Meanwhile, demand for increasing cropland competes with equally crucial global sustainability and environmental protection needs. Addressing this looming agricultural crisis will be one of our greatest scientific challenges in the coming decades, and success will require substantial improvements at many levels. We assert that increasing the efficiency and productivity of photosynthesis in crop plants will be essential if this grand challenge is to be met. Here, we explore an array of …

Go to article

Deep Characterization Of The Microbiomes Of Calophya Spp. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) Gall-Inducing Psyllids Reveals The Absence Of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria And Three Dominant Endosymbionts, Will A. Overholt, Rodrigo Diaz, Erin Rosskopf, Stefan J. Green, William A. Overholt Jul 2015

Deep Characterization Of The Microbiomes Of Calophya Spp. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) Gall-Inducing Psyllids Reveals The Absence Of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria And Three Dominant Endosymbionts, Will A. Overholt, Rodrigo Diaz, Erin Rosskopf, Stefan J. Green, William A. Overholt

Faculty Publications

© This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Bacteria associated with sap-feeding insect herbivores include not only symbionts that may increase their hosts' fitness but also harmful plant pathogens. Calophya spp. gall-inducing psyllids (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) are being investigated for their potential as biological control agents of the noxious weed, Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia), in Florida. Although there are no examples of plant pathogen transmission by …

Go to article

Demographic Comparison Of Sweetpotato Weevil Reared On A Major Host, Ipomoea Batatas, And An Alternative Host, I. Triloba, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Hisn Chi Jul 2015

Demographic Comparison Of Sweetpotato Weevil Reared On A Major Host, Ipomoea Batatas, And An Alternative Host, I. Triloba, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Hisn Chi

Faculty Publications

In this study, we collected life table data for the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius, grown on Ipomoea batatas and Ipomoea triloba, and analyzed them using an age-stage, two-sex life table. We also demonstrated the growth potential of C. formicarius on these two host plants by using population projection. These data will be useful to the growers to the selection or eradication of host plants in an integrated control strategy for C. formicarius for the entire area of the targeted areas. We found that C. formicarius developed faster on I. batatas than on I. triloba. The developmental times of the larval …

Go to article

Erratum: Biological Evidence Supports An Early And Complex Emergence Of The Isthmus Of Panama (Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America (2015) 112:19 (6110-6115) Doi: 10.1073/Pnas.1423853112), Christine D. Bacon, Daniele Silvestro, Carlos Jaramillo, Brian Tilston Smith, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Alexandre Antonelli Jul 2015

Erratum: Biological Evidence Supports An Early And Complex Emergence Of The Isthmus Of Panama (Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America (2015) 112:19 (6110-6115) Doi: 10.1073/Pnas.1423853112), Christine D. Bacon, Daniele Silvestro, Carlos Jaramillo, Brian Tilston Smith, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Alexandre Antonelli

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Thriving In The Cold: Glacial Expansion And Post-Glacial Contraction Of A Temperate Terrestrial Salamander (Plethodon Serratus), Catherine E. Newman, Christopher C. Austin Jul 2015

Thriving In The Cold: Glacial Expansion And Post-Glacial Contraction Of A Temperate Terrestrial Salamander (Plethodon Serratus), Catherine E. Newman, Christopher C. Austin

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Newman, Austin. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The dynamic geologic history of the southeastern United States has played a major role in shaping the geographic distributions of amphibians in the region. In the phylogeographic literature, the predominant pattern of distribution shifts through time of temperate species is one of contraction during glacial maxima and persistence in refugia. However, the diverse biology and ecology of amphibian species suggest that a …

Go to article

Louisiana Agriculture Summer, 2015, Lsu Agcenter Jul 2015

Louisiana Agriculture Summer, 2015, Lsu Agcenter

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Phylogenetics, Divergence Times And Diversification From Three Genomic Partitions In Monocots, Kate L. Hertweck, Michael S. Kinney, Stephanie A. Stuart, Olivier Maurin, Sarah Mathews, Mark W. Chase, Maria A. Gandolfo, J. Chris Pires Jul 2015

Phylogenetics, Divergence Times And Diversification From Three Genomic Partitions In Monocots, Kate L. Hertweck, Michael S. Kinney, Stephanie A. Stuart, Olivier Maurin, Sarah Mathews, Mark W. Chase, Maria A. Gandolfo, J. Chris Pires

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Authors. Resolution of evolutionary relationships among some monocot orders remains problematic despite the application of various taxon and molecular locus sampling strategies. In this study we sequenced and analysed a fragment of the low-copy, nuclear phytochrome C (PHYC) gene and combined these data with a previous multigene data set (four plastid, one mitochondrial, two nuclear ribosomal loci) to determine if adding this marker improved resolution and support of relationships among major lineages of monocots. Our results indicate the addition of PHYC to the multigene dataset increases support along the backbone of the monocot tree, although relationships among …

Go to article

Ocean Acidification Research In The 'Post-Genomic' Era: Roadmaps From The Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, Tyler G. Evans, Jacqueline L. Padilla-Gamiño, Morgan W. Kelly, Melissa H. Pespeni, Francis Chan, Bruce A. Menge, Brian Gaylord, Tessa M. Hill, Ann D. Russell, Stephen R. Palumbi, Eric Sanford, Gretchen E. Hofmann Jul 2015

Ocean Acidification Research In The 'Post-Genomic' Era: Roadmaps From The Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, Tyler G. Evans, Jacqueline L. Padilla-Gamiño, Morgan W. Kelly, Melissa H. Pespeni, Francis Chan, Bruce A. Menge, Brian Gaylord, Tessa M. Hill, Ann D. Russell, Stephen R. Palumbi, Eric Sanford, Gretchen E. Hofmann

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Elsevier Inc. Advances in nucleic acid sequencing technology are removing obstacles that historically prevented use of genomics within ocean change biology. As one of the first marine calcifiers to have its genome sequenced, purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) have been the subject of early research exploring genomic responses to ocean acidification, work that points to future experiments and illustrates the value of expanding genomic resources to other marine organisms in this new 'post-genomic' era. This review presents case studies of S. purpuratus demonstrating the ability of genomic experiments to address major knowledge gaps within ocean acidification. Ocean acidification …

Go to article

Vitrification Of Sperm From Marine Fish: Effect On Motility And Membrane Integrity, Rafael Cuevas-Uribe, Edward J. Chesney, Jonathan Daly, Terrence R. Tiersch Jul 2015

Vitrification Of Sperm From Marine Fish: Effect On Motility And Membrane Integrity, Rafael Cuevas-Uribe, Edward J. Chesney, Jonathan Daly, Terrence R. Tiersch

Faculty Publications

Our goal was to develop a standardized approach for sperm vitrification of marine fish that can be applied generally in aquatic species. The objectives were to: (i) estimate acute toxicity of cryoprotectants over a range of concentrations; (ii) evaluate the properties of vitrification solutions (VS); (iii) evaluate different thawing solutions and (iv) evaluate sperm quality after thawing by examination of motility and membrane integrity. Sperm were collected from red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). A total of 29 combinations of cryoprotectants were evaluated for toxicity and glass formation. Samples were loaded onto 10-μL …

Go to article

Adventitious Root Primordia Formation And Development In Stem Nodes Of ‘Georgia Jet’ Sweetpotato, Ipomoea Batatas, Jun Ma, Roni Aloni, Arthur Villordon, Don Labonte, Yanir Kfir, Hanita Zemach, Amnon Schwartz, Leviah Althan, Nurit Firon Jul 2015

Adventitious Root Primordia Formation And Development In Stem Nodes Of ‘Georgia Jet’ Sweetpotato, Ipomoea Batatas, Jun Ma, Roni Aloni, Arthur Villordon, Don Labonte, Yanir Kfir, Hanita Zemach, Amnon Schwartz, Leviah Althan, Nurit Firon

Faculty Publications

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Yield in sweetpotato is determined by the number of storage roots produced per plant. Storage roots develop from adventitious roots (ARs) present in stem cuttings that serve as propagation material. Data on the origin of sweetpotato ARs and the effect of nodal position on AR establishment and further development are limited. METHODS: We anatomically described root primordium initiation using stem sections and measured number of root primordia formed at different nodal positions using light microscopy and correlated nodal positions with AR number and length 14 d after planting (DAP). KEY RESULTS: Primordia for ARs initiate at …

Go to article

Experimental Support For A Single Electron-Transfer Oxidation Mechanism In Firefly Bioluminescence, Bruce R. Branchini, Curran E. Behney, Tara L. Southworth, Danielle M. Fontaine, Andrew M. Gulick, David J. Vinyard, Gary W. Brudvig Jun 2015

Experimental Support For A Single Electron-Transfer Oxidation Mechanism In Firefly Bioluminescence, Bruce R. Branchini, Curran E. Behney, Tara L. Southworth, Danielle M. Fontaine, Andrew M. Gulick, David J. Vinyard, Gary W. Brudvig

Faculty Publications

© 2015 American Chemical Society. Firefly luciferase produces light by converting substrate beetle luciferin into the corresponding adenylate that it subsequently oxidizes to oxyluciferin, the emitter of bioluminescence. We have confirmed the generally held notions that the oxidation step is initiated by formation of a carbanion intermediate and that a hydroperoxide (anion) is involved. Additionally, structural evidence is presented that accounts for the delivery of oxygen to the substrate reaction site. Herein, we report key convincing spectroscopic evidence of the participation of superoxide anion in a related chemical model reaction that supports a single electron-transfer pathway for the critical oxidative …

Go to article

Structural Analysis Of Substrate, Reaction Intermediate, And Product Binding In Haemophilus Influenzae Biotin Carboxylase, Tyler C. Broussard, Svetlana Pakhomova, David B. Neau, Ross Bonnot, Grover L. Waldrop Jun 2015

Structural Analysis Of Substrate, Reaction Intermediate, And Product Binding In Haemophilus Influenzae Biotin Carboxylase, Tyler C. Broussard, Svetlana Pakhomova, David B. Neau, Ross Bonnot, Grover L. Waldrop

Faculty Publications

© 2015 American Chemical Society. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the first and regulated step in fatty acid synthesis. In most Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, the enzyme is composed of three proteins: biotin carboxylase, a biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), and carboxyltransferase. The reaction mechanism involves two half-reactions with biotin carboxylase catalyzing the ATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin-BCCP in the first reaction. In the second reaction, carboxyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of the carboxyl group from biotin-BCCP to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA. In this report, high-resolution crystal structures of biotin carboxylase from Haemophilus influenzae were determined with bicarbonate, the ATP analogue AMPPCP; the carboxyphosphate …

Go to article

A Simple And Fast Physics-Based Analytical Method To Calculate Therapeutic And Stray Doses From External Beam, Megavoltage X-Ray Therapy, Lydia J. Jagetic, Wayne D. Newhauser Jun 2015

A Simple And Fast Physics-Based Analytical Method To Calculate Therapeutic And Stray Doses From External Beam, Megavoltage X-Ray Therapy, Lydia J. Jagetic, Wayne D. Newhauser

Faculty Publications

State-of-the-art radiotherapy treatment planning systems provide reliable estimates of the therapeutic radiation but are known to underestimate or neglect the stray radiation exposures. Most commonly, stray radiation exposures are reconstructed using empirical formulas or lookup tables. The purpose of this study was to develop the basic physics of a model capable of calculating the total absorbed dose both inside and outside of the therapeutic radiation beam for external beam photon therapy. The model was developed using measurements of total absorbed dose in a water-box phantom from a 6 MV medical linear accelerator to calculate dose profiles in both the in-plane …

Go to article

The Geographic Distribution Of A Tropical Montane Bird Is Limited By A Tree: Acorn Woodpeckers (Melanerpes Formicivorus) And Colombian Oaks (Quercus Humboldtii) In The Northern Andes, Benjamin G. Freeman, Nicholas A. Mason Jun 2015

The Geographic Distribution Of A Tropical Montane Bird Is Limited By A Tree: Acorn Woodpeckers (Melanerpes Formicivorus) And Colombian Oaks (Quercus Humboldtii) In The Northern Andes, Benjamin G. Freeman, Nicholas A. Mason

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Freeman, Mason. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Species distributions are limited by a complex array of abiotic and biotic factors. In general, abiotic (climatic) factors are thought to explain species' broad geographic distributions, while biotic factors regulate species' abundance patterns at local scales. We used species distribution models to test the hypothesis that a biotic interaction with a tree, the Colombian oak (Quercus humboldtii), limits the broad-scale distribution of …

Go to article

Correction: Biological Evidence Supports An Early And Complex Emergence Of The Isthmus Of Panama (Proceedings Of National Academy Of Sciences United States Of America (2015), 112 (6110-6115) Doi: 10.1073/Pnas.1423853112), Christine D. Bacon, Daniele Silvestro, Carlos Jaramillo, Brian Tilston Smith, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Alexandre Antonelli Jun 2015

Correction: Biological Evidence Supports An Early And Complex Emergence Of The Isthmus Of Panama (Proceedings Of National Academy Of Sciences United States Of America (2015), 112 (6110-6115) Doi: 10.1073/Pnas.1423853112), Christine D. Bacon, Daniele Silvestro, Carlos Jaramillo, Brian Tilston Smith, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Alexandre Antonelli

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Resveratrol Induces Brown-Like Adipocyte Formation In White Fat Through Activation Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase (Ampk) Α1, S. Wang, X. Liang, Q. Yang, X. Fu, C. J. Rogers, M. Zhu, B. D. Rodgers, Q. Jiang, M. V. Dodson, M. Du Jun 2015

Resveratrol Induces Brown-Like Adipocyte Formation In White Fat Through Activation Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase (Ampk) Α1, S. Wang, X. Liang, Q. Yang, X. Fu, C. J. Rogers, M. Zhu, B. D. Rodgers, Q. Jiang, M. V. Dodson, M. Du

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Objective: Development of brown-like/beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) helps to reduce obesity. Thus we investigated the effects of resveratrol, a dietary polyphenol capable of preventing obesity and related complications in humans and animal models, on brown-like adipocyte formation in inguinal WAT (iWAT). Methods: CD1 female mice (5-month old) were fed a high-fat diet with/without 0.1% resveratrol. In addition, primary stromal vascular cells separated from iWAT were subjected to resveratrol treatment. Markers of brown-like (beige) adipogenesis were measured and the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 was assessed using conditional …

Go to article

A Comprehensive Characterization Of The 70 Virginis Planetary System, Stephen R. Kane, Tabetha S. Boyajian, Gregory W. Henry, Y. Katherina Feng, Natalie R. Hinkel, Debra A. Fischer, Kaspar Von Braun, Andrew W. Howard, Jason T. Wright Jun 2015

A Comprehensive Characterization Of The 70 Virginis Planetary System, Stephen R. Kane, Tabetha S. Boyajian, Gregory W. Henry, Y. Katherina Feng, Natalie R. Hinkel, Debra A. Fischer, Kaspar Von Braun, Andrew W. Howard, Jason T. Wright

Faculty Publications

An on-going effort in the characterization of exoplanetary systems is the accurate determination of host star properties. This effort extends to the relatively bright host stars of planets discovered with the radial velocity method. The Transit Ephemeris Refinement and Monitoring Survey (TERMS) is aiding in these efforts as part of its observational campaign for exoplanet host stars. One of the first known systems is that of 70 Virginis, which harbors a jovian planet in an eccentric orbit. Here we present a complete characterization of this system with a compilation of TERMS photometry, spectroscopy, and interferometry. We provide fundamental properties of …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last