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Discovering Potential Protein, Carbohydrate, And Lipid Based Food Ingredients In A Co-Culture Of Microalgae, Chelsea Tyus Jun 2016

Discovering Potential Protein, Carbohydrate, And Lipid Based Food Ingredients In A Co-Culture Of Microalgae, Chelsea Tyus

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Louisiana Native Co-Culture of Microalgae (Chlorella Vulgaris L. and Cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya sp.) (CCA) was studied. CCA is a viable coculture for further investigation as a food component. This research characterized the proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids present in CCA. Algae cultivation parameters were controlled and analyzed. Treatment (Trt) 1 was CCA grown in cultures exposed to average scalar irradiance (ASI) of 1041 ± 269.18 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR and trt 2 was CCA grown in cultures exposed to ASI of 430 ± 96.03 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR. The trt (irradiance exposure) had the desired response on CCA species ratio Trt …

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Empprior: Using Outside Empirical Data To Inform Branch-Length Priors For Bayesian Phylogenetics, John J. Andersen, Bradley J. Nelson, Jeremy M. Brown Jun 2016

Empprior: Using Outside Empirical Data To Inform Branch-Length Priors For Bayesian Phylogenetics, John J. Andersen, Bradley J. Nelson, Jeremy M. Brown

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Author(s). Background: Branch-length parameters are a central component of phylogenetic models and of intrinsic biological interest. Default branch-length priors in some Bayesian phylogenetic software can be unintentionally informative and lead to branch- and tree-length estimates that are unreasonable. Alternatively, priors may be uninformative, but lead to diffuse posterior estimates. Despite the widespread availability of relevant datasets from other groups, biologists rarely leverage outside information to specify branch-length priors that are specific to the analysis they are conducting. Results: We developed the software package EmpPrior to facilitate the collection and incorporation of relevant, outside information when setting branch-length …

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Oviposition And Sex Ratio Of The Redbanded Stink Bug, Piezodorous Guildinii, In Soybean, Joshua H. Temple, Jeffrey A. Davis, Jarrod T. Hardke, Paul P. Price, B. Rogers Leonard Jun 2016

Oviposition And Sex Ratio Of The Redbanded Stink Bug, Piezodorous Guildinii, In Soybean, Joshua H. Temple, Jeffrey A. Davis, Jarrod T. Hardke, Paul P. Price, B. Rogers Leonard

Faculty Publications

Redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), is a significant soybean pest across the mid-south region of the United States. The objectives of these studies were to characterize: (1) redbanded stink bug oviposition in relationship to soybean maturity group (MG), plant structure, crop phenology, and vertical distribution within the plant canopy; and (2) redbanded stink bug adult sex ratios in relationship to soybean phenology. A total of 5645 redbanded stink bug eggs in 421 egg masses (clusters) were field collected from naturally-occurring populations in MG IV and V soybean over a three year period (2009 to 2011). The mean number of …

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A Cross-Species Bi-Clustering Approach To Identifying Conserved Co-Regulated Genes, Jiangwen Sun, Zongliang Jiang, Xiuchun Tian, Jinbo Bi Jun 2016

A Cross-Species Bi-Clustering Approach To Identifying Conserved Co-Regulated Genes, Jiangwen Sun, Zongliang Jiang, Xiuchun Tian, Jinbo Bi

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. Motivation: A growing number of studies have explored the process of pre-implantation embryonic development of multiple mammalian species. However, the conservation and variation among different species in their developmental programming are poorly defined due to the lack of effective computational methods for detecting co-regularized genes that are conserved across species. The most sophisticated method to date for identifying conserved co-regulated genes is a two-step approach. This approach first identifies gene clusters for each species by a cluster analysis of gene expression data, and subsequently computes the overlaps of clusters identified …

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Performance And Cross-Crop Resistance Of Cry1f-Maize Selected Spodoptera Frugiperda On Transgenic Bt Cotton: Implications For Resistance Management, Fei Yang, David L. Kerns, Sebe Brown, Ryan Kurtz, Tim Dennehy, Bo Braxton, Graham Head, Fangneng Huang Jun 2016

Performance And Cross-Crop Resistance Of Cry1f-Maize Selected Spodoptera Frugiperda On Transgenic Bt Cotton: Implications For Resistance Management, Fei Yang, David L. Kerns, Sebe Brown, Ryan Kurtz, Tim Dennehy, Bo Braxton, Graham Head, Fangneng Huang

Faculty Publications

Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins have become a primary tool in pest management. Due to the intensive use of Bt crops, resistance of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, to Cry1F maize has occurred in Puerto Rico, Brazil, and some areas of the southeastern U.S. The sustainability of Bt crops faces a great challenge because the Cry1F-maize resistant S. frugiperda may also infest other Bt crops in multiple cropping ecosystems. Here we examined the survival and plant injury of a S. frugiperda population selected with Cry1F maize on three single-gene and five pyramided Bt cotton products. Larvae of Cry1F-susceptible …

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Use Of Protein Cross-Linking And Radiolytic Labeling To Elucidate The Structure Of Psbo Within Higher-Plant Photosystem Ii, Manjula P. Mummadisetti, Laurie K. Frankel, Henry D. Bellamy, Larry Sallans, Jost S. Goettert, Michal Brylinski, Terry M. Bricker Jun 2016

Use Of Protein Cross-Linking And Radiolytic Labeling To Elucidate The Structure Of Psbo Within Higher-Plant Photosystem Ii, Manjula P. Mummadisetti, Laurie K. Frankel, Henry D. Bellamy, Larry Sallans, Jost S. Goettert, Michal Brylinski, Terry M. Bricker

Faculty Publications

© 2016 American Chemical Society. We have used protein cross-linking with the zero-length cross-linker 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, and radiolytic footprinting coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, to examine the structure of higher-plant PsbO when it is bound to Photosystem II. Twenty intramolecular cross-linked residue pairs were identified. On the basis of this cross-linking data, spinach PsbO was modeled using the Thermosynechococcus vulcanus PsbO structure as a template, with the cross-linking distance constraints incorporated using the MODELLER program. Our model of higher-plant PsbO identifies several differences between the spinach and cyanobacterial proteins. The N-terminal region is particularly interesting, as this region has …

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Use Of Protein Cross-Linking And Radiolytic Labeling To Elucidate The Structure Of Psbo Within Higher-Plant Photosystem Ii, Manjula P. Mummadisetti, Laurie K. Frankel, Henry D. Bellamy, Larry Sallans, Jost S. Goettert, Michal Brylinski, Terry M. Bricker Jun 2016

Use Of Protein Cross-Linking And Radiolytic Labeling To Elucidate The Structure Of Psbo Within Higher-Plant Photosystem Ii, Manjula P. Mummadisetti, Laurie K. Frankel, Henry D. Bellamy, Larry Sallans, Jost S. Goettert, Michal Brylinski, Terry M. Bricker

Faculty Publications

© 2016 American Chemical Society. We have used protein cross-linking with the zero-length cross-linker 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, and radiolytic footprinting coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, to examine the structure of higher-plant PsbO when it is bound to Photosystem II. Twenty intramolecular cross-linked residue pairs were identified. On the basis of this cross-linking data, spinach PsbO was modeled using the Thermosynechococcus vulcanus PsbO structure as a template, with the cross-linking distance constraints incorporated using the MODELLER program. Our model of higher-plant PsbO identifies several differences between the spinach and cyanobacterial proteins. The N-terminal region is particularly interesting, as this region has …

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Cellulose Structural Polymorphism In Plant Primary Cell Walls Investigated By High-Field 2d Solid-State Nmr Spectroscopy And Density Functional Theory Calculations, Tuo Wang, Hui Yang, James D. Kubicki, Mei Hong Jun 2016

Cellulose Structural Polymorphism In Plant Primary Cell Walls Investigated By High-Field 2d Solid-State Nmr Spectroscopy And Density Functional Theory Calculations, Tuo Wang, Hui Yang, James D. Kubicki, Mei Hong

Faculty Publications

© 2016 American Chemical Society. The native cellulose of bacterial, algal, and animal origins has been well studied structurally using X-ray and neutron diffraction and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and is known to consist of varying proportions of two allomorphs, Iα and Iβ, which differ in hydrogen bonding, chain packing, and local conformation. In comparison, cellulose structure in plant primary cell walls is much less understood because plant cellulose has lower crystallinity and extensive interactions with matrix polysaccharides. Here we have combined two-dimensional magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (solid-state NMR) spectroscopy at high magnetic fields with density functional theory (DFT) …

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A Conceptual Framework For Graduate Teaching Assistant Professional Development Evaluation And Research, Todd D. Reeves, Gili Marbach-Ad, Kristen R. Miller, Judith Ridgway, Grant E. Gardner, Elisabeth E. Schussler, E. William Wischusen Jun 2016

A Conceptual Framework For Graduate Teaching Assistant Professional Development Evaluation And Research, Todd D. Reeves, Gili Marbach-Ad, Kristen R. Miller, Judith Ridgway, Grant E. Gardner, Elisabeth E. Schussler, E. William Wischusen

Faculty Publications

© 2016 T. D. Reeves et al. Biology graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) are significant contributors to the educational mission of universities, particularly in introductory courses, yet there is a lack of empirical data on how to best prepare them for their teaching roles. This essay proposes a conceptual framework for biology GTA teaching professional development (TPD) program evaluation and research with three overarching variable categories for consideration: outcome variables, contextual variables, and moderating variables. The framework’s outcome variables go beyond GTA satisfaction and instead position GTA cognition, GTA teaching practice, and undergraduate learning outcomes as the foci of GTA TPD …

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Transcriptional Truncation Of The Long Coding Imprinted Gene Usp29, Hongzhi He, An Ye, Joomyeong Kim Jun 2016

Transcriptional Truncation Of The Long Coding Imprinted Gene Usp29, Hongzhi He, An Ye, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

© 2016 He et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Usp29 (Ubiquitin-specific protease 29) is a paternally expressed gene located upstream of another imprinted gene Peg3. In the current study, the transcription of this long coding gene spanning a 250-kb genomic distance was truncated using a knockin allele. According to the results, paternal transmission of the mutant allele resulted in reduced body and litter sizes whereas the maternal transmission caused no …

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Persistence Of Neighborhood Demographic Influences Over Long Phylogenetic Distances May Help Drive Post-Speciation Adaptation In Tropical Forests, Christopher Wills, Kyle E. Harms, Thorsten Wiegand, Ruwan Punchi-Manage, Gregory S. Gilbert, David Erickson, W. John Kress, Stephen P. Hubbell, C. V.Savitri Gunatilleke, I. A.U.Nimal Gunatilleke Jun 2016

Persistence Of Neighborhood Demographic Influences Over Long Phylogenetic Distances May Help Drive Post-Speciation Adaptation In Tropical Forests, Christopher Wills, Kyle E. Harms, Thorsten Wiegand, Ruwan Punchi-Manage, Gregory S. Gilbert, David Erickson, W. John Kress, Stephen P. Hubbell, C. V.Savitri Gunatilleke, I. A.U.Nimal Gunatilleke

Faculty Publications

© 2016, Public Library of Science. All rights reserved. This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Studies of forest dynamics plots (FDPs) have revealed a variety of negative density-dependent (NDD) demographic interactions, especially among conspecific trees. These interactions can affect growth rate, recruitment and mortality, and they play a central role in the maintenance of species diversity in these complex ecosystems. Here we use an …

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The Abiotic And Biotic Drivers Of Rapid Diversification In Andean Bellflowers (Campanulaceae), Laura P. Lagomarsino, Fabien L. Condamine, Alexandre Antonelli, Andreas Mulch, Charles C. Davis Jun 2016

The Abiotic And Biotic Drivers Of Rapid Diversification In Andean Bellflowers (Campanulaceae), Laura P. Lagomarsino, Fabien L. Condamine, Alexandre Antonelli, Andreas Mulch, Charles C. Davis

Faculty Publications

© 2016 New Phytologist Trust. The tropical Andes of South America, the world's richest biodiversity hotspot, are home to many rapid radiations. While geological, climatic, and ecological processes collectively explain such radiations, their relative contributions are seldom examined within a single clade. We explore the contribution of these factors by applying a series of diversification models that incorporate mountain building, climate change, and trait evolution to the first dated phylogeny of Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). Our framework is novel for its direct incorporation of geological data on Andean uplift into a macroevolutionary model. We show that speciation and extinction are …

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Hepatic Autophagy Contributes To The Metabolic Response To Dietary Protein Restriction, Tara M. Henagan, Thomas Laeger, Alexandra M. Navard, Diana Albarado, Robert C. Noland, Krisztian Stadler, Carrie M. Elks, David Burk, Christopher D. Morrison Jun 2016

Hepatic Autophagy Contributes To The Metabolic Response To Dietary Protein Restriction, Tara M. Henagan, Thomas Laeger, Alexandra M. Navard, Diana Albarado, Robert C. Noland, Krisztian Stadler, Carrie M. Elks, David Burk, Christopher D. Morrison

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Autophagy is an essential cellular response which acts to release stored cellular substrates during nutrient restriction, and particularly plays a key role in the cellular response to amino acid restriction. However, there has been limited work testing whether the induction of autophagy is required for adaptive metabolic responses to dietary protein restriction in the whole animal. Here, we found that moderate dietary protein restriction led to a series of metabolic changes in rats, including increases in food intake and energy expenditure, the downregulation of hepatic fatty acid synthesis gene expression and reduced markers …

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The Raf-Like Kinase Ilk1 And The High Affinity K+ Transporter Hak5 Are Required For Innate Immunity And Abiotic Stress Response, Elizabeth K. Brauer, Nagib Ahsan, Renee Dale, Naohiro Kato, Alison E. Coluccio, Miguel A. Piñeros, Leon V. Kochian, Jay J. Thelen, Sorina C. Popescu Jun 2016

The Raf-Like Kinase Ilk1 And The High Affinity K+ Transporter Hak5 Are Required For Innate Immunity And Abiotic Stress Response, Elizabeth K. Brauer, Nagib Ahsan, Renee Dale, Naohiro Kato, Alison E. Coluccio, Miguel A. Piñeros, Leon V. Kochian, Jay J. Thelen, Sorina C. Popescu

Faculty Publications

© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. Plant perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and other environmental stresses trigger transient ion fluxes at the plasma membrane. Apart from the role of Ca2+ uptake in signaling, the regulation and significance of PAMPinduced ion fluxes in immunity remain unknown. We characterized the functions of INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE1 (ILK1) that encodes a Raf-like MAP2K kinase with functions insufficiently understood in plants. Analysis of ILK1 mutants impaired in the expression or kinase activity revealed that ILK1 contributes to plant defense to bacterial pathogens, osmotic stress sensitivity, and cellular responses and total ion …

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Mechanisms Of Animal Diapause: Recent Developments From Nematodes, Crustaceans, Insects, And Fish, Steven C. Hand, David L. Denlinger, Jason E. Podrabsky, Richard Roy Jun 2016

Mechanisms Of Animal Diapause: Recent Developments From Nematodes, Crustaceans, Insects, And Fish, Steven C. Hand, David L. Denlinger, Jason E. Podrabsky, Richard Roy

Faculty Publications

© 2016 the American Physiological Society. Life cycle delays are beneficial for opportunistic species encountering suboptimal environments. Many animals display a programmed arrest of development (diapause) at some stage(s) of their development, and the diapause state may or may not be associated with some degree of metabolic depression. In this review, we will evaluate current advancements in our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the remarkable phenotype, as well as environmental cues that signal entry and termination of the state. The developmental stage at which diapause occurs dictates and constrains the mechanisms governing diapause. Considerable progress has been made in …

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The Abiotic And Biotic Drivers Of Rapid Diversification In Andean Bellflowers (Campanulaceae), Laura P. Lagomarsino, Fabien L. Condamine, Alexandre Antonelli, Andreas Mulch, Charles C. Davis Jun 2016

The Abiotic And Biotic Drivers Of Rapid Diversification In Andean Bellflowers (Campanulaceae), Laura P. Lagomarsino, Fabien L. Condamine, Alexandre Antonelli, Andreas Mulch, Charles C. Davis

Faculty Publications

© 2016 New Phytologist Trust. The tropical Andes of South America, the world's richest biodiversity hotspot, are home to many rapid radiations. While geological, climatic, and ecological processes collectively explain such radiations, their relative contributions are seldom examined within a single clade. We explore the contribution of these factors by applying a series of diversification models that incorporate mountain building, climate change, and trait evolution to the first dated phylogeny of Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). Our framework is novel for its direct incorporation of geological data on Andean uplift into a macroevolutionary model. We show that speciation and extinction are …

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Addressing Emerging Risks: Scientific And Regulatory Challenges Associated With Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals, Tammy R. Dugas, Slawomir Lomnicki, Stephania A. Cormier, Barry Dellinger, Margaret Reams Jun 2016

Addressing Emerging Risks: Scientific And Regulatory Challenges Associated With Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals, Tammy R. Dugas, Slawomir Lomnicki, Stephania A. Cormier, Barry Dellinger, Margaret Reams

Faculty Publications

© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Airborne fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM) are often generated through widely-used thermal processes such as the combustion of fuels or the thermal decomposition of waste. Residents near Superfund sites are exposed to PM through the inhalation of windblown dust, ingestion of soil and sediments, and inhalation of emissions from the on-site thermal treatment of contaminated soils. Epidemiological evidence supports a link between exposure to airborne PM and an increased risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. It is well-known that during combustion processes, incomplete combustion can lead to the production of …

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Vector Species Richness Increases Haemorrhagic Disease Prevalence Through Functional Diversity Modulating The Duration Of Seasonal Transmission, Andrew W. Park, Christopher A. Cleveland, Tad A. Dallas, Joseph L. Corn Jun 2016

Vector Species Richness Increases Haemorrhagic Disease Prevalence Through Functional Diversity Modulating The Duration Of Seasonal Transmission, Andrew W. Park, Christopher A. Cleveland, Tad A. Dallas, Joseph L. Corn

Faculty Publications

© Copyright Cambridge University Press 2015. SUMMARY Although many parasites are transmitted between hosts by a suite of arthropod vectors, the impact of vector biodiversity on parasite transmission is poorly understood. Positive relationships between host infection prevalence and vector species richness (SR) may operate through multiple mechanisms, including (i) increased vector abundance, (ii) a sampling effect in which species of high vectorial capacity are more likely to occur in species-rich communities, and (iii) functional diversity whereby communities comprised species with distinct phenologies may extend the duration of seasonal transmission. Teasing such mechanisms apart is impeded by a lack of appropriate …

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A Generalized Reed Model With Application To Wildfire Risk In Even-Aged Southern United States Pine Plantations, Andres Susaeta, Douglas R. Carter, Sun Joseph Chang, Damian C. Adams Jun 2016

A Generalized Reed Model With Application To Wildfire Risk In Even-Aged Southern United States Pine Plantations, Andres Susaeta, Douglas R. Carter, Sun Joseph Chang, Damian C. Adams

Faculty Publications

We develop a generalized Reed model to incorporate the risk of wildfires on optimal management of slash pine (Pinus elliotti var. elliotti) in the southern United States. Comparative static analyses are conducted to determine the impacts of the probability of increasing and constant wildfire risk as forest stand ages, and portion of stand that is salvageable following a wildfire, on slash pine harvest decisions. Our results reveal that increasing the current risk of wildfire damage would shorten the current optimal slash pine harvest age, while increasing the future risk of wildfire losses would lengthen the current optimal harvest age. We …

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Cancer Stem-Like Cells Accumulated In Nickel-Induced Malignant Transformation, Lei Wang, Jia Fan, John Andrew Hitron, Young Ok Son, James T.F. Wise, Ram Vinod Roy, Donghern Kim, Jin Dai, Poyil Pratheeshkumar, Zhuo Zhang, Xianglin Shi Jun 2016

Cancer Stem-Like Cells Accumulated In Nickel-Induced Malignant Transformation, Lei Wang, Jia Fan, John Andrew Hitron, Young Ok Son, James T.F. Wise, Ram Vinod Roy, Donghern Kim, Jin Dai, Poyil Pratheeshkumar, Zhuo Zhang, Xianglin Shi

Faculty Publications

Nickel compounds are known as human carcinogens. Chronic environmental exposure to nickel is a worldwide health concern. Although the mechanisms of nickel-induced carcinogenesis are not well understood, recent studies suggest that stem cells/cancer stem cells are likely important targets. This study examines the role of cancer stem cells in nickelinduced cell transformation. The nontransformed human bronchial epithelial cell line (Beas-2B) was chronically exposed to nickel chloride for 12 months to induce cell transformation. Nickel induced Beas-2B cell transformation, and cancer stemlike cells were enriched in nickel-transformed cell (BNiT) population. The BNiT cancer stem-like cells demonstrated enhanced self-renewal and distinctive differentiation …

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Design Of Compact Mach-Zehnder Interferometer-Based Slow-Light-Enhanced Plasmonic Waveguide Sensors, Yin Huang, Changjun Min, Shaohua Tao, Georgios Veronis Jun 2016

Design Of Compact Mach-Zehnder Interferometer-Based Slow-Light-Enhanced Plasmonic Waveguide Sensors, Yin Huang, Changjun Min, Shaohua Tao, Georgios Veronis

Faculty Publications

We investigate slow-light-enhanced ultracompact plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer sensors. The sensing arm consists of either a conventional metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic waveguide or a waveguide system based on a plasmonic analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency. Such plasmonic electromagnetically induced transparency waveguide systems can be engineered to support slow-light modes. We find that, as the slowdown factor increases, the sensitivity of the effective index of the mode to variations of the refractive index of the material filling the structures increases. Such slow-light enhancements of the sensitivity to refractive index variations lead to enhanced sensing performance. We show that the Mach-Zehnder interferometer sensor using the …

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A Critical Comparison Of Pyrolysis Of Cellulose, Lignin, And Pine Sawdust Using An Induction Heating Reactor, Pranjali D. Muley, Charles Henkel, Kamran K. Abdollahi, Cosmin Marculescu, Dorin Boldor Jun 2016

A Critical Comparison Of Pyrolysis Of Cellulose, Lignin, And Pine Sawdust Using An Induction Heating Reactor, Pranjali D. Muley, Charles Henkel, Kamran K. Abdollahi, Cosmin Marculescu, Dorin Boldor

Faculty Publications

Fast pyrolysis of pinewood sawdust and two of its major components, namely lignin and cellulose was carried out using a laboratory scale induction-heating reactor. The effect of five different temperatures (500, 550, 600, 650 and 700 °C) was tested on the product yield and quality. The products were characterized to evaluate the water content, elemental composition, chemical composition and energy content. The char yield decreased with temperature for all of the biomasses. The maximum liquid yield of 55.28% was achieved at 600 °C for pine sawdust, and the highest liquid yields for cellulose and lignin were obtained at 500 °C. …

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Feeding Ecology Of Three Coastal Shark Species In The Northwest Gulf Of Mexico, Jeffrey D. Plumlee, R. J.David Wells May 2016

Feeding Ecology Of Three Coastal Shark Species In The Northwest Gulf Of Mexico, Jeffrey D. Plumlee, R. J.David Wells

Faculty Publications

The feeding ecology of 3 coastal shark species-Atlantic sharpnose Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo, and blacktip Carcharhinus limbatus shark-was examined in the northwest Gulf of Mexico (GOM). A total of 601 sharks (305 Atlantic sharpnose, 239 bonnethead, and 57 blacktip) were collected over 2 yr from recreational anglers in Galveston, TX. All individuals had stomach contents examined and a subset (50 Atlantic sharpnose, 50 bonnethead, and 36 blacktip sharks) was analyzed for stable isotopes (carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur) in muscle tissue, revealing short-term and long-term feeding strategies. Both blacktip and Atlantic sharpnose shark stomach contents consisted of teleost fishes with …

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The Mechanosensory Lateral Line System Mediates Activation Of Socially-Relevant Brain Regions During Territorial Interactions, Julie M. Butler, Karen P. Maruska May 2016

The Mechanosensory Lateral Line System Mediates Activation Of Socially-Relevant Brain Regions During Territorial Interactions, Julie M. Butler, Karen P. Maruska

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Butler and Maruska. Animals use multiple senses during social interactions and must integrate this information in the brain to make context-dependent behavioral decisions. For fishes, the largest group ofvertebrates, the mechanosensory lateral line system provides crucial hydrodynamic information for survival behaviors, but little is known about its function in social communication. Our previous work using the African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, provided the first empirical evidence that fish use their lateral line system to detect water movements from conspecifics for mutual assessment and behavioral choices. It is unknown, however, where this socially-relevant mechanosensory information is processed in the …

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Insights From The Pollination Drop Proteome And The Ovule Transcriptome Of Cephalotaxus At The Time Of Pollination Drop Production, Cary Pirone-Davies, Natalie Prior, Patrick Von Aderkas, Derek Smith, Darryl Hardie, William E. Friedman, Sarah Mathews May 2016

Insights From The Pollination Drop Proteome And The Ovule Transcriptome Of Cephalotaxus At The Time Of Pollination Drop Production, Cary Pirone-Davies, Natalie Prior, Patrick Von Aderkas, Derek Smith, Darryl Hardie, William E. Friedman, Sarah Mathews

Faculty Publications

© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. Background and Aims Many gymnosperms produce an ovular secretion, the pollination drop, during reproduction. The drops serve as a landing site for pollen, but also contain a suite of ions and organic compounds, including proteins, that suggests diverse roles for the drop during pollination. Proteins in the drops of species of Chamaecyparis, Juniperus, Taxus, Pseudotsuga, Ephedra and Welwitschia are thought to function in the conversion of sugars, defence against pathogens, and pollen growth and development. To better understand gymnosperm pollination biology, the pollination …

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Replacing Arginine 33 For Alanine In The Hemophore Hasa From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Causes Closure Of The H32 Loop In The Apo-Protein, Ritesh Kumar, Yifei Qi, Hirotoshi Matsumura, Scott Lovell, Huili Yao, Kevin P. Battaile, Wonpil Im, Pierre Moënne-Loccoz, Mario Rivera May 2016

Replacing Arginine 33 For Alanine In The Hemophore Hasa From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Causes Closure Of The H32 Loop In The Apo-Protein, Ritesh Kumar, Yifei Qi, Hirotoshi Matsumura, Scott Lovell, Huili Yao, Kevin P. Battaile, Wonpil Im, Pierre Moënne-Loccoz, Mario Rivera

Faculty Publications

© 2016 American Chemical Society. Previous characterization of hemophores from Serratia marcescens (HasAs), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (HasAp), and Yersinia pestis (HasAyp) showed that hemin binds between two loops, where it is axially coordinated by H32 and Y75. The Y75 loop is structurally conserved in all three hemophores and harbors conserved ligand Y75. The other loop contains H32 in HasAs and HasAp, but a noncoordinating Q32 in HasAyp. The H32 loop in apo-HasAs and apo-HasAp is in an open conformation, which places H32 about 30 Å from the hemin-binding site. Hence, hemin binding onto the Y75 loop of HasAs or HasAp triggers …

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Comprehensive Analysis And Expression Profiling Of The Oslax And Osabcb Auxin Transporter Gene Families In Rice (Oryza Sativa) Under Phytohormone Stimuli And Abiotic Stresses, Chenglin Chai, Prasanta K. Subudhi May 2016

Comprehensive Analysis And Expression Profiling Of The Oslax And Osabcb Auxin Transporter Gene Families In Rice (Oryza Sativa) Under Phytohormone Stimuli And Abiotic Stresses, Chenglin Chai, Prasanta K. Subudhi

Faculty Publications

The plant hormone auxin regulates many aspects of plant growth and developmental processes. Auxin gradient is formed in plant as a result of polar auxin transportation by three types of auxin transporters such as OsLAX, OsPIN, and OsABCB. We report here the analysis of two rice auxin transporter gene families, OsLAX and OsABCB, using bioinformatics tools, publicly accessible microarray data, and quantitative RT-PCR. There are 5 putative OsLAXs and 22 putative OsABCBs in rice genome, which were mapped on 8 chromosomes. The exon-intron structure of OsLAX genes and properties of deduced proteins were relatively conserved within grass family, while that …

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Long-Term Shifts In The Patterns And Underlying Processes Of Plant Associations In Wisconsin Forests, Daijiang Li, Donald Waller May 2016

Long-Term Shifts In The Patterns And Underlying Processes Of Plant Associations In Wisconsin Forests, Daijiang Li, Donald Waller

Faculty Publications

© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Aim: Plant species co-occur within communities in response to variation in environmental conditions, limited species dispersal and biotic interactions. We used surveys and resurveys of the same sites of three temperate forest plant communities to study patterns of association between co-occurring species pairs and to infer how these mechanisms contribute to community assembly. Our goal was to compare these forces among communities occupying more and less disturbed landscapes and examine how these have changed over the last 50 years. Location: Wisconsin, USA. Methods: We resurveyed 266 sites first surveyed in the 1950s to …

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Natural Isoforms Of The Photosystem Ii D1 Subunit Differ In Photoassembly Efficiency Of The Water-Oxidizing Complex, David J. Vinyard, Jennifer S. Sun, Javier Gimpel, Gennady M. Ananyev, Stephen P. Mayfield, G. Charles Dismukes May 2016

Natural Isoforms Of The Photosystem Ii D1 Subunit Differ In Photoassembly Efficiency Of The Water-Oxidizing Complex, David J. Vinyard, Jennifer S. Sun, Javier Gimpel, Gennady M. Ananyev, Stephen P. Mayfield, G. Charles Dismukes

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Oxygenic photosynthesis efficiency at increasing solar flux is limited by light-induced damage (photoinhibition) of Photosystem II (PSII), primarily targeting the D1 reaction center subunit. Some cyanobacteria contain two natural isoforms of D1 that function better under low light (D1:1) or high light (D1:2). Herein, rates and yields of photoassembly of the Mn4CaO5 water-oxidizing complex (WOC) from the free inorganic cofactors (Mn2+, Ca2+, water, electron acceptor) and apo-WOC-PSII are shown to differ significantly: D1:1 apo-WOC-PSII exhibits a 2.3-fold faster rate-limiting step of photoassembly and up to seven-fold faster rate to the first light-stable Mn3+ intermediate, …

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Streptomyces Coelicolor Xdhr Is A Direct Target Of (P)Ppgpp That Controls Expression Of Genes Encoding Xanthine Dehydrogenase To Promote Purine Salvage, Smitha Sivapragasam, Anne Grove May 2016

Streptomyces Coelicolor Xdhr Is A Direct Target Of (P)Ppgpp That Controls Expression Of Genes Encoding Xanthine Dehydrogenase To Promote Purine Salvage, Smitha Sivapragasam, Anne Grove

Faculty Publications

© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The gene encoding Streptomyces coelicolor xanthine dehydrogenase regulator (XdhR) is divergently oriented from xdhABC, which encodes xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh). Xdh is required for purine salvage pathways. XdhR was previously shown to repress xdhABC expression. We show that XdhR binds the xdhABC-xdhR intergenic region with high affinity (Kd ∼ 0.5 nM). DNaseI footprinting reveals that this complex formation corresponds to XdhR binding the xdhR gene promoter at two adjacent sites; at higher protein concentrations, protection expands to a region that overlaps the transcriptional and translational start sites of xdhABC. While substrates for Xdh have …

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