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Investigation Of Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain 3jw1 On Preventing And Reducing Aflatoxin Contaminations In Peanuts, Xiaona Yang, Qi Zhang, Zhi Yuan Chen, Hongxia Liu, Peiwu Li Jun 2017

Investigation Of Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain 3jw1 On Preventing And Reducing Aflatoxin Contaminations In Peanuts, Xiaona Yang, Qi Zhang, Zhi Yuan Chen, Hongxia Liu, Peiwu Li

Faculty Publications

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 3JW1, which has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, was studied to investigate whether it affects the amounts of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produced by Aspergillus flavus. It was found that the bacterium reduced the amounts of AFB1 in potato dextrose broth (PDB) and peanut medium by 97.8% and 99.4%, respectively. It also reduced AFB1 by ~183 μg/kg (55.8%) when applied onto peanut kernels. This strain reduced AFB1 via three mechanisms. First, it significantly inhibited A. flavus growth; second, our data showed that strain 3JW1 inhibits aflatoxin biosynthesis by A. flavus; and third, P. fluorescens strain 3JW1 is capable of …

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Inexpensive Artisanal Traps For Mass Trapping Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) In Haiti, Fractyl Mertilus, Jorge Peña, Dennis Ring, Timothy Schowalter Jun 2017

Inexpensive Artisanal Traps For Mass Trapping Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) In Haiti, Fractyl Mertilus, Jorge Peña, Dennis Ring, Timothy Schowalter

Faculty Publications

Field experiments were conducted in a mango orchard in Croix-des-Bouquets, Haiti, to compare the effectiveness of 2 inexpensive artisanal trap types and the standard McPhail trap (Great Lakes IPM, Inc., Vestaburg, Michigan) for capturing fruit flies Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) and Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephitidae) and to ascertain the optimal trap density for mass trapping these flies. Two artisanal trap designs were constructed from inexpensive plastic soda bottles. In 1 design the plastic bottle was clear, and in the other design the plastic bottle had the bottom 20% painted yellow. These 2 traps and 1 McPhail trap were placed in …

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Causal Effect Of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 On Coronary Heart Disease, Ci Song, Stephen Burgess, John D. Eicher, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Andrew D. Johnson, Jie Huang, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Folkert W. Asselbergs, David Tregouet, So Youn Shin, Jingzhong Ding, Jens Baumert, Tiphaine Oudot-Mellakh, Lasse Folkersen, Nicholas L. Smith, Scott M. Williams, Mohammad A. Ikram, Marcus E. Kleber, Diane M. Becker, Vinh Truong, Josyf C. Mychaleckyj, Weihong Tang, Qiong Yang, Bengt Sennblad, Jason H. Moore, Frances M.K. Williams, Abbas Dehghan, Günther Silbernagel, Elisabeth M.C. Schrijvers, Shelly Smith, Mahir Karakas, Geoffrey H. Tofler, Angela Silveira Jun 2017

Causal Effect Of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 On Coronary Heart Disease, Ci Song, Stephen Burgess, John D. Eicher, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Andrew D. Johnson, Jie Huang, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Folkert W. Asselbergs, David Tregouet, So Youn Shin, Jingzhong Ding, Jens Baumert, Tiphaine Oudot-Mellakh, Lasse Folkersen, Nicholas L. Smith, Scott M. Williams, Mohammad A. Ikram, Marcus E. Kleber, Diane M. Becker, Vinh Truong, Josyf C. Mychaleckyj, Weihong Tang, Qiong Yang, Bengt Sennblad, Jason H. Moore, Frances M.K. Williams, Abbas Dehghan, Günther Silbernagel, Elisabeth M.C. Schrijvers, Shelly Smith, Mahir Karakas, Geoffrey H. Tofler, Angela Silveira

Faculty Publications

Background--Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) plays an essential role in the fibrinolysis system and thrombosis. Population studies have reported that blood PAI-1 levels are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is unclear whether the association reflects a causal influence of PAI-1 on CHD risk. Methods and Results--To evaluate the association between PAI-1 and CHD, we applied a 3-step strategy. First, we investigated the observational association between PAI-1 and CHD incidence using a systematic review based on a literature search for PAI-1 and CHD studies. Second, we explored the causal association between PAI-1 and CHD …

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Bed Bugs And Hotels: Traveler Insights And Implications For The Industry, Jerrod M. Penn, Hannah J. Penn, Michael F. Potter, Wuyang Hu Jun 2017

Bed Bugs And Hotels: Traveler Insights And Implications For The Industry, Jerrod M. Penn, Hannah J. Penn, Michael F. Potter, Wuyang Hu

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Papio Baboon Species Indicative Alu Elements, Jerilyn A. Walker, Vallmer E. Jordan, Cody J. Steely, Thomas O. Beckstrom, Cullen L. Mcdaniel, Corey P. St Romain, Emily C. Bennett, Arianna Robichaux, Brooke N. Clement, Miriam K. Konkel, Mark A. Batzer, Jeffrey Rogers, R. Alan Harris, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Yue Liu, Shwetha Murali, Tauras P. Vilgalys, Jerilyn A. Walker Jun 2017

Papio Baboon Species Indicative Alu Elements, Jerilyn A. Walker, Vallmer E. Jordan, Cody J. Steely, Thomas O. Beckstrom, Cullen L. Mcdaniel, Corey P. St Romain, Emily C. Bennett, Arianna Robichaux, Brooke N. Clement, Miriam K. Konkel, Mark A. Batzer, Jeffrey Rogers, R. Alan Harris, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Yue Liu, Shwetha Murali, Tauras P. Vilgalys, Jerilyn A. Walker

Faculty Publications

© The Author(s) 2017. The genus of Papio (baboon) has six recognized species separated into Northern and Southern clades, each comprised of three species distributed across the African continent. Geographic origin and phenotypic variants such as coat color and body size have commonly been used to identify different species. The existence ofmultiple hybrid zones, both ancient and current, have complicated efforts to characterize the phylogeny of Papio baboons. More recently, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome genetic markers have been utilized for species identification with particular focus on the hybrid zones. Alu elements accumulate in a random manner and are a …

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Behavioural Response To Song And Genetic Divergence In Two Subspecies Of White-Crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia Leucophrys), Sara E. Lipshutz, Isaac A. Overcast, Michael J. Hickerson, Robb T. Brumfield, Elizabeth P. Derryberry Jun 2017

Behavioural Response To Song And Genetic Divergence In Two Subspecies Of White-Crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia Leucophrys), Sara E. Lipshutz, Isaac A. Overcast, Michael J. Hickerson, Robb T. Brumfield, Elizabeth P. Derryberry

Faculty Publications

© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Divergence in sexual signals may drive reproductive isolation between lineages, but behavioural barriers can weaken in contact zones. Here, we investigate the role of song as a behavioural and genetic barrier in a contact zone between two subspecies of white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys). We employed a reduced genomic data set to assess population structure and infer the history underlying divergence, gene flow and hybridization. We also measured divergence in song and tested behavioural responses to song using playback experiments within and outside the contact zone. We found that the subspecies form distinct genetic …

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Experimental Method And Statistical Analysis To Fit Tumor Growth Model Using Spect/Ct Imaging: A Preclinical Study, Ivan Hidrovo, Joyoni Dey, Megan E. Chesal, Dmytro Shumilov, Narayan Bhusal, J. Michael Mathis Jun 2017

Experimental Method And Statistical Analysis To Fit Tumor Growth Model Using Spect/Ct Imaging: A Preclinical Study, Ivan Hidrovo, Joyoni Dey, Megan E. Chesal, Dmytro Shumilov, Narayan Bhusal, J. Michael Mathis

Faculty Publications

Background: Over the last decade, several theoretical tumor-models have been developed to describe tumor growth. Oncology imaging is performed using various modalities including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Our goal is to extract useful, otherwise hidden, quantitative biophysical parameters (such as growth-rate, tumor-necrotic-factor, etc.) from these serial images of tumors by fitting mathematical models to images. These biophysical features are intrinsic to the tumor types and specific to the study-subject, and expected to add valuable information on the tumor containment or spread and help treatment plans. Thus, fitting …

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Syntheses And Pdt Activity Of New Mono- And Di-Conjugated Derivatives Of Chlorin E6, Hui Chen, Stewart W. Humble, R. G.Waruna Jinadasa, Zehua Zhou, Alex L. Nguyen, M. Graça H. Vicente, Kevin M. Smith Jun 2017

Syntheses And Pdt Activity Of New Mono- And Di-Conjugated Derivatives Of Chlorin E6, Hui Chen, Stewart W. Humble, R. G.Waruna Jinadasa, Zehua Zhou, Alex L. Nguyen, M. Graça H. Vicente, Kevin M. Smith

Faculty Publications

© 2017 World Scientific Publishing Company. Syntheses of three new chlorin e6 conjugates for PDT of tumors are reported. One of the new compounds 17 is conjugated with lysine at the 131-position, but the others are mono-conjugated 14 or diconjugated 15 with the non-amino acid species ethanolamine. Cellular experiments with the three new compounds and previously synthesized non-amino acid 152-conjugates (7-10), 131-monoconjugates 14, 16, and a 131,152-diconjugate 12 are reported. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments show that the 131-conjugates are more toxic than the 152-conjugates, and the most toxic derivative (dark- and photo-toxicity) is the 131-ethylenediamine conjugate 11. The most useful …

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Anti-Microbial Effects Of Conductive Copper Nanoparticle Film, Daniel Parrott, Kevin M. Ringelman, Michael S. Chaussee Jun 2017

Anti-Microbial Effects Of Conductive Copper Nanoparticle Film, Daniel Parrott, Kevin M. Ringelman, Michael S. Chaussee

Faculty Publications

Novel infection control methods are needed to prevent further increases in the morbidity and mortality associated with hospital acquired infections. One method is to minimize bacterial transmission is to prevent bacterial growth on hospital surfaces. Copper has anti-microbial properties but is used sparingly in health care settings due to the cost associated with retrofitting surfaces with copper sheet metal or less durable foil. However, copper nanoparticles (CNPs) embedded in a polymer matrix may be similarly anti-microbial, which would offer a viable alternative to copper metal. In this pilot study, we created films with various densities of CNPs and tested their …

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Estimating Waterfowl Carrying Capacity At Local Scales: A Case Study From Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey, Kevin M. Ringelman, Christopher K. Williams, Paul M. Castelli, Mason L. Sieges, Rebecca A. Longenecker, Theodore C. Nichols, Stephen D. Earsom Jun 2017

Estimating Waterfowl Carrying Capacity At Local Scales: A Case Study From Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey, Kevin M. Ringelman, Christopher K. Williams, Paul M. Castelli, Mason L. Sieges, Rebecca A. Longenecker, Theodore C. Nichols, Stephen D. Earsom

Faculty Publications

The management of wintering North American waterfowl is based on the premise that the amount of foraging habitat can limit populations. To estimate carrying capacity of winter habitats, managers use bioenergetic models to quantify energy (food) availability and energy demand, and use results as planning tools to meet regional conservation objectives. Regional models provide only coarse estimates of carrying capacity because habitat area, habitat energy values, and temporal trends in population-level demand are difficult to quantify precisely at large scales. We took advantage of detailed data previously collected on wintering waterfowl at Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge and surrounding …

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A Comparison Of Two Insect Collection Techniques In Oiled And Non-Oiled Salt Marshes In Louisiana, Benjamin J. Adams, Xuan Chen, Linda M. Hooper-Bùi Jun 2017

A Comparison Of Two Insect Collection Techniques In Oiled And Non-Oiled Salt Marshes In Louisiana, Benjamin J. Adams, Xuan Chen, Linda M. Hooper-Bùi

Faculty Publications

Insects are important components in coastal marsh ecosystems and can be used as an indicator of marsh health. Collections of insects in coastal marshes are usually made using either sweep nets or insect vacuums. Differences in these 2 methods have not been compared within the marsh ecosystem. Therefore, we compared collections made using these methods in oiled and non-oiled marshes along multiple transects on the Louisiana coast. We found that sweep net collections accounted for 5.9 times more individual arthropods and more total insect taxa when compared with the insect vacuum collections. Oiled marshes had greater total insect richness but …

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Oxidative Stress Following Plga Nanoparticles Administration To An Animal Model, Daniela Miricescu, Iulia Stanescu, Paula Perlea, Bogdan Calenic, Radu Radulescu, Alexandra Totan, Bogdana Virgolici, Cristina Sabliov, Maria Greabu Jun 2017

Oxidative Stress Following Plga Nanoparticles Administration To An Animal Model, Daniela Miricescu, Iulia Stanescu, Paula Perlea, Bogdan Calenic, Radu Radulescu, Alexandra Totan, Bogdana Virgolici, Cristina Sabliov, Maria Greabu

Faculty Publications

In the recent years, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) such as PLGA or poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid, have raised a substantial interest due to their possible medical applications in vaccination, diagnostic imaging procedures, cancer therapy or sustained delivery of drugs. The main aim of the present work is to evaluate key oxidative stress parameters in several organs following NPs administration in an animal model. Our data shows that acute oral administration of PLGA NPs induces a change in the antioxidant status in both rat liver and spleen, but may not induce oxidative stress damage to cell structures such as lipid or protein oxidation.

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Predicting The Impacts Of Mississippi River Diversions And Sea-Level Rise On Spatial Patterns Of Eastern Oyster Growth Rate And Production, Hongqing Wang, Qin Chen, Megan K. La Peyre, Kelin Hu, Jerome F. La Peyre May 2017

Predicting The Impacts Of Mississippi River Diversions And Sea-Level Rise On Spatial Patterns Of Eastern Oyster Growth Rate And Production, Hongqing Wang, Qin Chen, Megan K. La Peyre, Kelin Hu, Jerome F. La Peyre

Faculty Publications

© 2017 There remains much debate regarding the perceived tradeoffs of using freshwater and sediment diversions for coastal restoration in terms of balancing the need for wetland restoration versus preserving eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) production. Further complicating the issue, climate change-induced sea-level rise (SLR) and land subsidence are also expected to affect estuarine water quality. In this study, we developed a process-based numerical modeling system that couples hydrodynamic, water quality, and oyster population dynamics. We selected Breton Sound Estuary (BSE) (∼2740 km2) in the eastern Mississippi River Deltaic Plain since it is home to several of the largest public oyster …

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Optimizing Sediment Diversion Operations: Working Group Recommendations For Integrating Complex Ecological And Social Landscape Interactions, Natalie S. Peyronnin, Rex H. Caffey, James H. Cowan, Dubravko Justic, Alexander S. Kolker, Shirley B. Laska, Alex Mccorquodale, Earl Melancon, John A. Nyman, Robert R. Twilley, Jenneke M. Visser, John R. White, James G. Wilkins May 2017

Optimizing Sediment Diversion Operations: Working Group Recommendations For Integrating Complex Ecological And Social Landscape Interactions, Natalie S. Peyronnin, Rex H. Caffey, James H. Cowan, Dubravko Justic, Alexander S. Kolker, Shirley B. Laska, Alex Mccorquodale, Earl Melancon, John A. Nyman, Robert R. Twilley, Jenneke M. Visser, John R. White, James G. Wilkins

Faculty Publications

© 2017 by the authors. Future conditions of coastal Louisiana are highly uncertain due to the dynamic nature of deltas, climate change, tropical storms, and human reliance on natural resources and ecosystem services. Managing a system in which natural and socio-economic components are highly integrated is inherently difficult. Sediment diversions are a unique restoration tool that would reconnect the Mississippi River to its deltaic plain to build and sustain land. Diversions are innately adaptable as operations can be modified over time. An expert working group was formed to explore how various operational strategies may affect the complex interactions of coastal …

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Across-Proteome Modeling Of Dimer Structures For The Bottom-Up Assembly Of Protein-Protein Interaction Networks, Surabhi Maheshwari, Michal Brylinski May 2017

Across-Proteome Modeling Of Dimer Structures For The Bottom-Up Assembly Of Protein-Protein Interaction Networks, Surabhi Maheshwari, Michal Brylinski

Faculty Publications

© 2017 The Author(s). Background: Deciphering complete networks of interactions between proteins is the key to comprehend cellular regulatory mechanisms. A significant effort has been devoted to expanding the coverage of the proteome-wide interaction space at molecular level. Although a growing body of research shows that protein docking can, in principle, be used to predict biologically relevant interactions, the accuracy of the across-proteome identification of interacting partners and the selection of near-native complex structures still need to be improved. Results: In this study, we developed a new method to discover and model protein interactions employing an exhaustive all-to-all docking strategy. …

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Cardiovascular Risk Status Of Afro-Origin Populations Across The Spectrum Of Economic Development: Findings From The Modeling The Epidemiologic Transition Study, Lara R. Dugas, Terrence E. Forrester, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Estelle V. Lambert, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Guichan Cao, Richard S. Cooper, Rasha Khatib, Laura Tonino, Walter Riesen, Wolfgang Korte, Stephanie Kliethermes, Amy Luke May 2017

Cardiovascular Risk Status Of Afro-Origin Populations Across The Spectrum Of Economic Development: Findings From The Modeling The Epidemiologic Transition Study, Lara R. Dugas, Terrence E. Forrester, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Estelle V. Lambert, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Guichan Cao, Richard S. Cooper, Rasha Khatib, Laura Tonino, Walter Riesen, Wolfgang Korte, Stephanie Kliethermes, Amy Luke

Faculty Publications

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors are increasing in most developing countries. To date, however, very little standardized data has been collected on the primary risk factors across the spectrum of economic development. Data are particularly sparse from Africa. Methods: In the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS) we examined population-based samples of men and women, ages 25-45 of African ancestry in metropolitan Chicago, Kingston, Jamaica, rural Ghana, Cape Town, South Africa, and the Seychelles. Key measures of cardiovascular disease risk are described. Results: The risk factor profile varied widely in both total summary estimates of cardiovascular risk and in the magnitude …

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Lower Doses Of Fructose Extend Lifespan In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Jolene Zheng, Chenfei Gao, Mingming Wang, Phuongmai Tran, Nancy Mai, John W. Finley, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Zhaoping Li, David Heber, Jeffrey H. Burton, William D. Johnson, Roger A. Laine May 2017

Lower Doses Of Fructose Extend Lifespan In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Jolene Zheng, Chenfei Gao, Mingming Wang, Phuongmai Tran, Nancy Mai, John W. Finley, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Zhaoping Li, David Heber, Jeffrey H. Burton, William D. Johnson, Roger A. Laine

Faculty Publications

© 2017, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Epidemiological studies indicate that the increased consumption of sugars including sucrose and fructose in beverages correlate with the prevalence of obesity, type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in humans. A few reports suggest that fructose extends lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Anopheles gambiae, fructose, glucose, or glucose plus fructose also extended lifespan. New results presented here suggest that fructose extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) wild type (N2). C. elegans were fed standard laboratory food source (E. coli OP50), maintained in liquid culture. Experimental groups received additional glucose …

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Redox-Sensitive Marr Homologue Bifr From Burkholderia Thailandensis Regulates Biofilm Formation, Ashish Gupta, Stanley M. Fuentes, Anne Grove May 2017

Redox-Sensitive Marr Homologue Bifr From Burkholderia Thailandensis Regulates Biofilm Formation, Ashish Gupta, Stanley M. Fuentes, Anne Grove

Faculty Publications

© 2017 American Chemical Society. Biofilm formation by pathogenic Burkholderia species is a serious complication as it renders the bacteria resistant to antibiotics and host defenses. Using B. thailandensis, we report here a novel redox-sensitive member of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) protein family, BifR, which represses biofilm formation. BifR is encoded as part of the emrB-bifR operon; emrB-bifR is divergent to ecsC, which encodes a putative LasA protease. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, LasA has been implicated in virulence by contributing to cleavage of elastase. BifR repressed the expression of ecsC and emrB-bifR, and expression was further repressed under oxidizing …

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Hard Real-Time Closed-Loop Electrophysiology With The Real-Time Experiment Interface (Rtxi)., Patel Ya, George A, Dorval Ad, White Ja, Christini Dj, Butera Rj May 2017

Hard Real-Time Closed-Loop Electrophysiology With The Real-Time Experiment Interface (Rtxi)., Patel Ya, George A, Dorval Ad, White Ja, Christini Dj, Butera Rj

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Predicting Cryptic Links In Host-Parasite Networks, Tad Dallas, Andrew W. Park, John M. Drake May 2017

Predicting Cryptic Links In Host-Parasite Networks, Tad Dallas, Andrew W. Park, John M. Drake

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Dallas et al. Networks are a way to represent interactions among one (e.g., social networks) or more (e.g., plant-pollinator networks) classes of nodes. The ability to predict likely, but unobserved, interactions has generated a great deal of interest, and is sometimes referred to as the link prediction problem. However, most studies of link prediction have focused on social networks, and have assumed a completely censused network. In biological networks, it is unlikely that all interactions are censused, and ignoring incomplete detection of interactions may lead to biased or incorrect conclusions. Previous attempts to predict network interactions have relied …

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Multiple Lhcii Antennae Can Transfer Energy Efficiently To A Single Photosystem I, Inge Bos, Kaitlyn M. Bland, Lijin Tian, Roberta Croce, Laurie K. Frankel, Herbert Van Amerongen, Terry M. Bricker, Emilie Wientjes May 2017

Multiple Lhcii Antennae Can Transfer Energy Efficiently To A Single Photosystem I, Inge Bos, Kaitlyn M. Bland, Lijin Tian, Roberta Croce, Laurie K. Frankel, Herbert Van Amerongen, Terry M. Bricker, Emilie Wientjes

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. Photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) work in series to drive oxygenic photosynthesis. The two photosystems have different absorption spectra, therefore changes in light quality can lead to imbalanced excitation of the photosystems and a loss in photosynthetic efficiency. In a short-term adaptation response termed state transitions, excitation energy is directed to the light-limited photosystem. In higher plants a special pool of LHCII antennae, which can be associated with either PSI or PSII, participates in these state transitions. It is known that one LHCII antenna can associate with the PsaH site of PSI. However, membrane …

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Mitochondrial Dysfunction And Ovarian Aging, Tianren Wang, Man Zhang, Zongliang Jiang, Emre Seli May 2017

Mitochondrial Dysfunction And Ovarian Aging, Tianren Wang, Man Zhang, Zongliang Jiang, Emre Seli

Faculty Publications

© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles that are responsible for the generation of most of the cell's energy. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in cellular senescence in general and ovarian aging in particular. Recent studies exploited this association by studying mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number as a potential biomarker of embryo viability and the use of mitochondrial nutrients and autologous mitochondrial transfer as a potential treatment for poor ovarian function and response.

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Pleistocene To Holocene Expansion Of The Black-Belt Cichlid In Central America, Vieja Maculicauda (Teleostei: Cichlidae), Caleb D. Mcmahan, Luke Ginger, Marcy Cage, Kyle T. David, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Mark Johnston, Wilfredo A. Matamoros May 2017

Pleistocene To Holocene Expansion Of The Black-Belt Cichlid In Central America, Vieja Maculicauda (Teleostei: Cichlidae), Caleb D. Mcmahan, Luke Ginger, Marcy Cage, Kyle T. David, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Mark Johnston, Wilfredo A. Matamoros

Faculty Publications

© 2017 McMahan et al.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The distributions of many Northern Hemisphere organisms have been influenced by fluctuations in sea level and climatic conditions during Pleistocene interglacial periods. These cycles are associated with range contraction and refugia for northern-distributed organisms as a response to glaciers. However, lower sea levels in the tropics and sub-tropics created available habitat for expansion of the ranges of freshwater organisms. The goal of …

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The Phycocyanobilin Chromophore Of Streptophyte Algal Phytochromes Is Synthesized By Hy2, Nathan C. Rockwell, Shelley S. Martin, Fay Wei Li, Sarah Mathews, John Clark Lagarias May 2017

The Phycocyanobilin Chromophore Of Streptophyte Algal Phytochromes Is Synthesized By Hy2, Nathan C. Rockwell, Shelley S. Martin, Fay Wei Li, Sarah Mathews, John Clark Lagarias

Faculty Publications

© 2017 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2017 New Phytologist Trust Land plant phytochromes perceive red and far-red light to control growth and development, using the linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophore phytochromobilin (PΦB). Phytochromes from streptophyte algae, sister species to land plants, instead use phycocyanobilin (PCB). PCB and PΦB are synthesized by different ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductases (FDBRs): PΦB is synthesized by HY2, whereas PCB is synthesized by PcyA. The pathway for PCB biosynthesis in streptophyte algae is unknown. We used phylogenetic analysis and heterologous reconstitution of bilin biosynthesis to investigate bilin biosynthesis in streptophyte algae. Phylogenetic results suggest that PcyA is …

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Fire Exclusion And Climate Change Interact To Affect Long-Term Changes In The Functional Composition Of Plant Communities, Daijiang Li, Donald M. Waller May 2017

Fire Exclusion And Climate Change Interact To Affect Long-Term Changes In The Functional Composition Of Plant Communities, Daijiang Li, Donald M. Waller

Faculty Publications

© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aim: Plant functional traits allow us to mechanistically link changes in species composition to changes in ecosystem functions. Understanding how and why changes occur in functional composition of plant communities can thus help us better conserve and restore biodiversity. We aim to examine long-term effects of fire exclusion and climate change on the functional composition of fire-maintained pine barrens in central Wisconsin. Location: Central Wisconsin, USA. Methods: Using a database that included vegetation data of surveys (1958) and resurveys (2012) of 30 sites, we quantified functional composition (α and β functional diversity, community-weighted …

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Empirical Model With Excellent Statistical Properties For Describing Temperature-Dependent Developmental Rates Of Insects And Mites, David A. Ratkowsky, Gadi V.P. Reddy May 2017

Empirical Model With Excellent Statistical Properties For Describing Temperature-Dependent Developmental Rates Of Insects And Mites, David A. Ratkowsky, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

Previous empirical models for describing the temperature-dependent development rates for insects include the Brié re, Lactin, Beta, and Ratkowsky models. Another nonlinear regression model, not previously considered in population entomology, is the Lobry-Rosso-Flandrois model, the shape of which is very close to that of the Ratkowsky model in the suboptimal temperature range, but which has the added advantage that all four of its parameters have biological meaning. A consequence of this is that initial parameter estimates, needed for solving the nonlinear regression equations, are very easy to obtain. In addition, the model has excellent statistical properties, with the estimators of …

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Single-Trait And Multi-Trait Genome-Wide Association Analyses Identify Novel Loci For Blood Pressure In African-Ancestry Populations, Jingjing Liang, Thu H. Le, Digna R.Velez Edwards, Bamidele O. Tayo, Kyle J. Gaulton, Jennifer A. Smith, Yingchang Lu, Richard A. Jensen, Guanjie Chen, Lisa R. Yanek, Karen Schwander, Salman M. Tajuddin, Tamar Sofer, Wonji Kim, James Kayima, Colin A. Mckenzie, Ervin Fox, Michael A. Nalls, J. Hunter Young, Yan V. Sun, Jacqueline M. Lane, Sylvia Cechova, Jie Zhou, Hua Tang, Myriam Fornage, Solomon K. Musani, Heming Wang, Juyoung Lee, Adebowale Adeyemo, Albert W. Dreisbach, Terrence Forrester, Pei Lun Chu, Anne Cappola May 2017

Single-Trait And Multi-Trait Genome-Wide Association Analyses Identify Novel Loci For Blood Pressure In African-Ancestry Populations, Jingjing Liang, Thu H. Le, Digna R.Velez Edwards, Bamidele O. Tayo, Kyle J. Gaulton, Jennifer A. Smith, Yingchang Lu, Richard A. Jensen, Guanjie Chen, Lisa R. Yanek, Karen Schwander, Salman M. Tajuddin, Tamar Sofer, Wonji Kim, James Kayima, Colin A. Mckenzie, Ervin Fox, Michael A. Nalls, J. Hunter Young, Yan V. Sun, Jacqueline M. Lane, Sylvia Cechova, Jie Zhou, Hua Tang, Myriam Fornage, Solomon K. Musani, Heming Wang, Juyoung Lee, Adebowale Adeyemo, Albert W. Dreisbach, Terrence Forrester, Pei Lun Chu, Anne Cappola

Faculty Publications

Hypertension is a leading cause of global disease, mortality, and disability. While individuals of African descent suffer a disproportionate burden of hypertension and its complications, they have been underrepresented in genetic studies. To identify novel susceptibility loci for blood pressure and hypertension in people of African ancestry, we performed both single and multiple-trait genome-wide association analyses. We analyzed 21 genome-wide association studies comprised of 31,968 individuals of African ancestry, and validated our results with additional 54,395 individuals from multi-ethnic studies. These analyses identified nine loci with eleven independent variants which reached genome-wide significance (P < 1.25×10−8) for either systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, or for combined traits. Single-trait analyses identified two loci (TARID/TCF21 and LLPH/TMBIM4) and multiple-trait analyses identified one novel locus (FRMD3) for blood pressure. At these three loci, as well as at GRP20/CDH17, associated variants had alleles common only in African-ancestry populations. Functional annotation showed enrichment for genes expressed in immune and kidney cells, as well as in heart and vascular cells/tissues. Experiments driven by these findings and using angiotensin-II induced hypertension in mice showed altered kidney mRNA expression of six genes, suggesting their potential role in hypertension. Our study provides new evidence for genes related to hypertension susceptibility, and the need to study African-ancestry populations in order to identify biologic factors contributing to hypertension.

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Sacral Variability In Tailless Species: Homo Sapiens And Ochotona Princeps, Robert G. Tague May 2017

Sacral Variability In Tailless Species: Homo Sapiens And Ochotona Princeps, Robert G. Tague

Faculty Publications

Homo sapiens is variable in number of sacral vertebrae, and this variability can lead to obstetrical complication. This study uses the comparative method to test the hypothesis that sacral variability in H. sapiens is associated with absence of a tail. Three species of lagomorphs are studied: Ochotona princeps (N = 271), which is tailless, and Lepus californicus (N = 212) and Sylvilagus audubonii (N = 206), which have tails. Results show that O. princeps has (1) higher diversity index for number of sacral vertebrae (0.49) compared to L. californicus (0.25) and S. audubonii (0.26) and (2) significantly higher percentage of …

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Population Genetic Inferences Using Immune Gene Snps Mirror Patterns Inferred By Microsatellites, Jean P. Elbers, Rachel W. Clostio, Sabrina S. Taylor May 2017

Population Genetic Inferences Using Immune Gene Snps Mirror Patterns Inferred By Microsatellites, Jean P. Elbers, Rachel W. Clostio, Sabrina S. Taylor

Faculty Publications

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are replacing microsatellites for population genetic analyses, but it is not apparent how many SNPs are needed or how well SNPs correlate with microsatellites. We used data from the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus—a species with small populations, to compare SNPs and microsatellites to estimate population genetic parameters. Specifically, we compared one SNP data set (16 tortoises from four populations sequenced at 17 901 SNPs) to two microsatellite data sets, a full data set of 101 tortoises and a partial data set of 16 tortoises previously genotyped at 10 microsatellites. For the full microsatellite data set, observed …

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The Avian Lingual And Laryngeal Apparatus Within The Context Of The Head And Jaw Apparatus, With Comparisons To The Mammalian Condition: Functional Morphology And Biomechanics Of Evaporative Cooling, Feeding, Drinking, And Vocalization, Dominique G. Homberger Apr 2017

The Avian Lingual And Laryngeal Apparatus Within The Context Of The Head And Jaw Apparatus, With Comparisons To The Mammalian Condition: Functional Morphology And Biomechanics Of Evaporative Cooling, Feeding, Drinking, And Vocalization, Dominique G. Homberger

Faculty Publications

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017. All rights reserved. The lingual and laryngeal apparatus are the mobile and active organs within the oral cavity, which serves as a gateway to the respiratory and alimentary systems in terrestrial vertebrates. Both organs play multiple roles in alimentation and vocalization besides respiration, but their structures and functions differ fundamentally in birds and mammals, just as the skull and jaws differ fundamentally in these two vertebrate classes. Furthermore, the movements of the lingual and laryngeal apparatus are interdependent with each other and with themovements of the jaw apparatus in complex and littleunderstood ways. Therefore, …

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