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Articles 361 - 390 of 13611
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Esrra Regulates Rplp1-Mediated Translation Of Lysosome Proteins Suppressed In Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis And Reversed By Alternate Day Fasting, Madhulika Tripathi, Karine Gauthier, Reddemma Sandireddy, Jin Zhou, Priyanka Guptta, Suganya Sakthivel, Wei Wen Teo, Yadanar Than Naing, Kabilesh Arul, Keziah Tikno, Sung Hee Park, Yajun Wu, Lijin Wang, Boon Huat Bay, Lei Sun, Vincent Giguere, Pierce K.H. Chow, Sujoy Ghosh, Donald P. Mcdonnell, Paul M. Yen, Brijesh K. Singh
Esrra Regulates Rplp1-Mediated Translation Of Lysosome Proteins Suppressed In Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis And Reversed By Alternate Day Fasting, Madhulika Tripathi, Karine Gauthier, Reddemma Sandireddy, Jin Zhou, Priyanka Guptta, Suganya Sakthivel, Wei Wen Teo, Yadanar Than Naing, Kabilesh Arul, Keziah Tikno, Sung Hee Park, Yajun Wu, Lijin Wang, Boon Huat Bay, Lei Sun, Vincent Giguere, Pierce K.H. Chow, Sujoy Ghosh, Donald P. Mcdonnell, Paul M. Yen, Brijesh K. Singh
Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications
Objective: Currently, little is known about the mechanism(s) regulating global and specific protein translation during metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH; previously known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH). Methods: Unbiased label-free quantitative proteome, puromycin-labelling and polysome profiling were used to understand protein translation activity in vitro and in vivo. Results: We observed a global decrease in protein translation during lipotoxicity in human primary hepatocytes, mouse hepatic AML12 cells, and livers from a dietary mouse model of MASH. Interestingly, proteomic analysis showed that Rplp1, which regulates ribosome and translation pathways, was one of the most downregulated proteins. Moreover, decreased Esrra expression and binding to …
Louisiana Graduate Network In Applied Evolution (Lagniappe): 2023-2024 End-Year Report, Kristina Little, Samuel B. Robison, Bret Blackmon, Andrew R. Burns
Louisiana Graduate Network In Applied Evolution (Lagniappe): 2023-2024 End-Year Report, Kristina Little, Samuel B. Robison, Bret Blackmon, Andrew R. Burns
Reports
The Louisiana Graduate Network in Applied Evolution (hereinafter; LAGNiAppE) was funded by a grant awarded through the National Science Foundation (NSF 22-506), as part of the Research and Mentoring for Postbaccalaureates in Biological Sciences (RaMP) grant program. The LAGNiAppE program provides training and mentorship to cohorts of recent college graduates from underrepresented groups interested in advancing their knowledge and research skills in evolutionary biology. Social Research and Evaluation Center (SREC) at Louisiana State University conducted the evaluation of LAGNiAppE, assessing program implementation and impact. The evaluation team at SREC employed a mixed methods design that included online surveys for scholars …
Far From Their Origins: A Transcriptomic Investigation On How 2,4-Di-Tert-Butyl-6-(5-Chloro-2h-Benzotriazol-2-Yl) Phenol Affects Rainbow Trout Alevins, Andreas N.M. Eriksson, Justin Dubiel, Alper James Alcaraz, Jon A. Doering, Steve Wiseman
Far From Their Origins: A Transcriptomic Investigation On How 2,4-Di-Tert-Butyl-6-(5-Chloro-2h-Benzotriazol-2-Yl) Phenol Affects Rainbow Trout Alevins, Andreas N.M. Eriksson, Justin Dubiel, Alper James Alcaraz, Jon A. Doering, Steve Wiseman
Faculty Publications
Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are a group of widely used chemicals added to a variety of consumer (e.g., plastics) and industrial (e.g., metal coating) goods. Although detected globally as an environmentally persistent pollutant, BUVSs have received relatively little toxicological attention and only recently have been acknowledged to affect development and the endocrine system in vivo. In our previous study, altered behavior, indicative of potential neurotoxicity, was observed among rainbow trout alevins (day 14 posthatching) that were microinjected as embryos with a single environmentally relevant dose of 2,4-di-tert-butyl–6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol (UV-327). In the present follow-up study, we performed whole-transcriptome profiling (RNA sequencing) …
Discarded Vehicle Tires And Their Association With Mosquito Vector Abundance Across Socioenvironmental Gradients In New Orleans, La, Rebeca De Jesús Crespo, Alexandros Pavlakis, Jennifer Breaux, Claudia Riegel
Discarded Vehicle Tires And Their Association With Mosquito Vector Abundance Across Socioenvironmental Gradients In New Orleans, La, Rebeca De Jesús Crespo, Alexandros Pavlakis, Jennifer Breaux, Claudia Riegel
Faculty Publications
Discarded vehicle tires serve as habitat for mosquito vectors. In New Orleans, Louisiana, discarded tires are an increasingly important public concern, especially considering that the city is home to many medically important mosquito species. Discarded tires are known to be associated with mosquito abundance, but how their presence interacts with other socioenvironmental gradients to influence mosquito ecology is poorly understood. Here, we ask whether discarded tire distribution could be explained by social factors, particularly median income, home vacancy and human population density, and whether these factors interact with urban heat islands (UHI) to drive mosquito vector assemblages. We surveyed tire …
The Structure Of The Sufs–Sufe Complex Reveals Interactions Driving Protected Persulfide Transfer In Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis, Rajleen K. Gogar, Nidhi Chhikara, Minh Vo, Nathaniel C. Gilbert, Jack A. Dunkle, Patrick A. Frantom
The Structure Of The Sufs–Sufe Complex Reveals Interactions Driving Protected Persulfide Transfer In Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis, Rajleen K. Gogar, Nidhi Chhikara, Minh Vo, Nathaniel C. Gilbert, Jack A. Dunkle, Patrick A. Frantom
Faculty Publications
Fe-S clusters are critical cofactors for redox chemistry in all organisms. The cysteine desulfurase, SufS, provides sulfur in the SUF Fe-S cluster bioassembly pathway. SufS is a dimeric, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that uses cysteine as a substrate to generate alanine and a covalent persulfide on an active site cysteine residue. SufS enzymes are activated by an accessory transpersulfurase protein, either SufE or SufU depending on the organism, which accepts the persulfide product and delivers it to downstream partners for Fe-S assembly. Here, using Escherichia coli proteins, we present the first X-ray crystal structure of a SufS/SufE complex. There is a …
Reconstructive Evolutionary Morphology: Tracing The Historical Process Of Modifications Of Complex Systems Driven By Natural Selection Through Changing Ecological Conditions, Dominique G. Homberger
Reconstructive Evolutionary Morphology: Tracing The Historical Process Of Modifications Of Complex Systems Driven By Natural Selection Through Changing Ecological Conditions, Dominique G. Homberger
Faculty Publications
There is general consensus among evolutionary biologists that natural selection drives phenotypic modifications within populations over generational time. How to reconstruct this historical process, however, has been discussed mostly in theoretical terms, and recommendations and explanations on how to translate such theoretical insights into practice are needed. The present study aims at providing a theory-supported practical guide on how to reconstruct historical evolutionary processes by applying a morphology-centered approach through a series of interdependent steps of descriptive morphology, functional analysis, ecological observation, integration of paleoecological data, and evolutionary synthesis. Special attention is given to the development of tests regarding the …
Toward A Comparative Framework For Studies Of Altitudinal Migration, David Vander Pluym, Nicholas A. Mason
Toward A Comparative Framework For Studies Of Altitudinal Migration, David Vander Pluym, Nicholas A. Mason
Faculty Publications
The study and importance of altitudinal migration has attracted increasing interest among zoologists. Altitudinal migrants are taxonomically widespread and move across altitudinal gradients as partial or complete migrants, subjecting them to a wide array of environments and ecological interactions. Here, we present a brief synthesis of recent developments in the field and suggest future directions toward a more taxonomically inclusive comparative framework for the study of altitudinal migration. Our framework centers on a working definition of altitudinal migration that hinges on its biological relevance, which is scale-dependent and related to fitness outcomes. We discuss linguistic nuances of altitudinal movements and …
Habitual Use Of Glucosamine And Adverse Liver Outcomes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes And Masld, Yun Shen, Yaxin Wang, Jingyi Lu, Yifei Mo, Xiaojing Ma, Gang Hu, Jian Zhou
Habitual Use Of Glucosamine And Adverse Liver Outcomes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes And Masld, Yun Shen, Yaxin Wang, Jingyi Lu, Yifei Mo, Xiaojing Ma, Gang Hu, Jian Zhou
Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications
Background: Glucosamine is a dietary supplement commonly used to support joint health. However, there has been interest in exploring other effects of glucosamine on health outcomes due to its ant-inflammation effect. Objective: This study compared the risks of major adverse liver outcomes (MALOs) between regular users and non-users of glucosamine among patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) using the data from a large prospective cohort study. Methods: Demographic, anthropometric, laboratory and medication prescription information among 18 753 patients with type 2 diabetes and MASLD was obtained from the UK Biobank. MASLD was identified …
Insights From Augmented Data Integration And Strong Regularization In Drug Synergy Prediction With Synergnet, Mengmeng Liu, Gopal Srivastava, J. Ramanujam, Michal Brylinski
Insights From Augmented Data Integration And Strong Regularization In Drug Synergy Prediction With Synergnet, Mengmeng Liu, Gopal Srivastava, J. Ramanujam, Michal Brylinski
Faculty Publications
SynerGNet is a novel approach to predicting drug synergy against cancer cell lines. In this study, we discuss in detail the construction process of SynerGNet, emphasizing its comprehensive design tailored to handle complex data patterns. Additionally, we investigate a counterintuitive phenomenon when integrating more augmented data into the training set results in an increase in testing loss alongside improved predictive accuracy. This sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of model learning. Further, we demonstrate the effectiveness of strong regularization techniques in mitigating overfitting, ensuring the robustness and generalization ability of SynerGNet. Finally, the continuous performance enhancements achieved through the integration …
The Effects Of The Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Deficiency On Renal Cortical Mitochondrial Bioenergetics In The Dahl Ss Rat, Alena Cherezova, Anastasia Sudarikova, Valeriia Vasileva, Regina Iurchenko, Anna Nikiforova, Denisha R. Spires, Aleksandra S. Zamaro, Adam C. Jones, Ryan S. Schibalski, Zheng Dong, Oleg Palygin, Krisztian Stadler, Daria V. Ilatovskaya
The Effects Of The Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Deficiency On Renal Cortical Mitochondrial Bioenergetics In The Dahl Ss Rat, Alena Cherezova, Anastasia Sudarikova, Valeriia Vasileva, Regina Iurchenko, Anna Nikiforova, Denisha R. Spires, Aleksandra S. Zamaro, Adam C. Jones, Ryan S. Schibalski, Zheng Dong, Oleg Palygin, Krisztian Stadler, Daria V. Ilatovskaya
Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) plays an important role in blood pressure regulation. Low levels of ANP correlate with the development of salt-sensitive hypertension (SS-HTN). Our previous studies indicated that ANP deficiency exacerbated renal function decline in SS-HTN. In the heart and fat tissue, ANP was reported to affect lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial bioenergetics but the effects of ANP on mitochondrial function in the kidney are unexplored. We hypothesized that ANP deficiency in SS-HTN causes renal bioenergetic shift, leading to disruption of mitochondrial network and oxidative stress. To address the hypothesis, we placed Dahl SS wild-type (SSWT) and ANP knockout (SSNPPA−/−) …
Energy Expenditure In Humans: Principles, Methods, And Changes Throughout The Life Course, Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Eric Ravussin
Energy Expenditure In Humans: Principles, Methods, And Changes Throughout The Life Course, Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Eric Ravussin
Clinical Research Faculty Publications
Humans require energy to sustain their daily activities throughout their lives. This narrative review aims to (a) summarize principles and methods for studying human energy expenditure, (b) discuss the main determinants of energy expenditure, and (c) discuss the changes in energy expenditure throughout the human life course. Total daily energy expenditure is mainly composed of resting energy expenditure, physical activity energy expenditure, and the thermic effect of food. Total daily energy expenditure and its components are estimated using variations of the indirect calorimetry method. The relative contributions of organs and tissues determine the energy expenditure under different physiological conditions. Evidence …
Improving Bovine Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, Lauren Gatenby
Improving Bovine Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, Lauren Gatenby
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Despite large efforts, there has been minimal improvements in bovine intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in the last few decades. In this study, we investigate methods to improve embryo development rates with ICSI in cattle through addressing sperm and oocyte factors and modifying injection methods. Inducing the acrosome reaction in bull sperm prior to injection with progesterone increased cleavage (46.2% vs 16.2%) and blastocyst (21% vs 3.8%) rates compared to controls, respectively. Supplementing glutathione during in vitro maturation of the oocyte did reduce free reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the oocyte, but did not improve embryo development rates with ICSI or …
Photoactivated Cyclic Polyphthalaldehyde Microcapsules For Payload Delivery, Youngsu Shin, Jared M. Schwartz, Anthony C. Engler, Brad Jones, Oleg Davydovich, Paul A. Kohl
Photoactivated Cyclic Polyphthalaldehyde Microcapsules For Payload Delivery, Youngsu Shin, Jared M. Schwartz, Anthony C. Engler, Brad Jones, Oleg Davydovich, Paul A. Kohl
Faculty Publications
Microcapsules with a cyclic polyphthalaldehyde (cPPA) shell and oil core were fabricated by an emulsification process. The low ceiling temperature cPPA shell was made phototriggerable by incorporating a photoacid generator (PAG). Photoactivation of the PAG created a strong acid which catalyzed cPPA depolymerization, resulting in the release of the core payload, as quantified by 1H NMR. The high molecular weight cPPA (197 kDa) yielded uniform spherical microcapsules. The core diameter was 24.8 times greater than the cPPA shell thickness (2.4 to 21.6 μm). Nonionic bis(cyclohexylsulfonyl)diazomethane (BCSD) and N-hydroxynaphthalimide triflate (HNT) PAGs were used as the PAG in the microcapsule shells. …
A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study Of Gas Hydrate Formation And Dissociation, Meisam Adibifard
A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study Of Gas Hydrate Formation And Dissociation, Meisam Adibifard
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The study of gas hydrates has increased significantly over the last two decades because of their potential application in energy storage, production and transportation, water desalination, refrigeration, gas separation, etc. There is a significant interest in commercially developing natural gas hydrates because the energy content of methane hydrate reservoirs (MHRs) is at least twice that of all conventional fossil fuels combined. Additionally, due to the higher storage capacity of hydrates, it is proposed to sequester CO2 in the form of CO2 hydrate, thereby reducing the amount of greenhouse gases. Hence, hydrates offer a dual solution to two of …
A Tribute To Gregory A. Voth, Jaehyeok Jin, William G. Noid, Jianing Li, Revati Kumar, Jianshu Cao, Seogjoo Jang, Francesco Paesani, David Reichman
A Tribute To Gregory A. Voth, Jaehyeok Jin, William G. Noid, Jianing Li, Revati Kumar, Jianshu Cao, Seogjoo Jang, Francesco Paesani, David Reichman
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
A Comparison Of Diploid And Triploid Eastern Oysters For Aquaculture Production Under Extreme Temperatures And Salinities, Joshua H. Kim
A Comparison Of Diploid And Triploid Eastern Oysters For Aquaculture Production Under Extreme Temperatures And Salinities, Joshua H. Kim
LSU Master's Theses
Off-bottom aquaculture of Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) is a nascent industry that is increasingly supported by the use of triploid oysters, which grow faster than diploids. Despite their growth advantage, elevated triploid mortality compared to diploids under high temperature, low salinity, or a combination of these conditions challenge consistent triploid production. Identifying the environmental thresholds at which differential triploid mortality occurs and predicting its economic impact are important to informing decision-making in oyster aquaculture. The goal of this thesis was to compare the biological and economic performance of diploid and triploid oysters under high temperature and low salinity conditions. …
Building A Simplistic Automatic Extruder: Instrument Development Opportunities For The Laboratory, Stefanie Klisch, Dylan Gilbert, Emma Breaux, Aliyah Dalier, Sudipta Gupta, Bruno Jakobi, Gerald J. Schneider
Building A Simplistic Automatic Extruder: Instrument Development Opportunities For The Laboratory, Stefanie Klisch, Dylan Gilbert, Emma Breaux, Aliyah Dalier, Sudipta Gupta, Bruno Jakobi, Gerald J. Schneider
Faculty Publications
This work presents an automatic extruder as a research experience for undergraduate students. The system offers a user-friendly approach to preparing vesicles, such as liposomes or polymersomes, with a defined size and polydispersity─properties crucial for research in biology and macromolecules. It comprises two syringe pumps connected by a membrane filter. The setup is controlled by software. Compared to manual extrusion, this automated system provides advantages, such as precisely controlled variables. The project describes a tool to enhance undergraduate learning in science and engineering laboratories. Building an automatic extruder serves as a simplified model of a complex industrial process. It offers …
International Consensus On Fasting Terminology, Daniela A. Koppold, Carolin Breinlinger, Etienne Hanslian, Christian Kessler, Holger Cramer, Anika Rajput Khokhar, Courtney M. Peterson, Grant Tinsley, Claudio Vernieri, Richard J. Bloomer, Michael Boschmann, Nicola L. Bragazzi, Sebastian Brandhorst, Kelsey Gabel, Alan C. Goldhamer, Martin M. Grajower, Michelle Harvie, Leonie Heilbronn, Benjamin D. Horne, Spyridon N. Karras, Jost Langhorst, Eva Lischka, Frank Madeo, Sarah J. Mitchell, Ioannis Eleemon Papagiannopoulos-Vatopaidinos, Maria Papagiannopoulou, Hanno Pijl, Eric Ravussin, Martha Ritzmann-Widderich, Krista Varady, Lilian Adamidou, Melika Chihaoui, Rafael De Cabo, Mohamed Hassanein
International Consensus On Fasting Terminology, Daniela A. Koppold, Carolin Breinlinger, Etienne Hanslian, Christian Kessler, Holger Cramer, Anika Rajput Khokhar, Courtney M. Peterson, Grant Tinsley, Claudio Vernieri, Richard J. Bloomer, Michael Boschmann, Nicola L. Bragazzi, Sebastian Brandhorst, Kelsey Gabel, Alan C. Goldhamer, Martin M. Grajower, Michelle Harvie, Leonie Heilbronn, Benjamin D. Horne, Spyridon N. Karras, Jost Langhorst, Eva Lischka, Frank Madeo, Sarah J. Mitchell, Ioannis Eleemon Papagiannopoulos-Vatopaidinos, Maria Papagiannopoulou, Hanno Pijl, Eric Ravussin, Martha Ritzmann-Widderich, Krista Varady, Lilian Adamidou, Melika Chihaoui, Rafael De Cabo, Mohamed Hassanein
Clinical Research Faculty Publications
Although fasting is increasingly applied for disease prevention and treatment, consensus on terminology is lacking. Using Delphi methodology, an international, multidisciplinary panel of researchers and clinicians standardized definitions of various fasting approaches in humans. Five online surveys and a live online conference were conducted with 38 experts, 25 of whom completed all 5 surveys. Consensus was achieved for the following terms: “fasting” (voluntary abstinence from some or all foods or foods and beverages), “modified fasting” (restriction of energy intake to max. 25% of energy needs), “fluid-only fasting,” “alternate-day fasting,” “short-term fasting” (lasting 2–3 days), “prolonged fasting” (≥4 consecutive days), and …
Maternal Serum Branched-Chain Amino Acids In Early Pregnancy And Offspring Growth Patterns From 1 Year To 8 Years Of Age, Ninghua Li, Junhong Leng, Rui Zhang, Hui Wang, Weiqin Li, Shuang Zhang, Yijuan Qiao, Jing Li, Zhijie Yu, Gang Hu, Zhongze Fang, Xilin Yang
Maternal Serum Branched-Chain Amino Acids In Early Pregnancy And Offspring Growth Patterns From 1 Year To 8 Years Of Age, Ninghua Li, Junhong Leng, Rui Zhang, Hui Wang, Weiqin Li, Shuang Zhang, Yijuan Qiao, Jing Li, Zhijie Yu, Gang Hu, Zhongze Fang, Xilin Yang
Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Why Are There So Many Definitions Of Eutrophication?, Alexandrine Pannard, Philippe Souchu, Christian Chauvin, Monique Delabuis, Chantal Gascuel-Odoux, Erik Jeppesen, Morgane Le Moal, Alain Ménesguen, Gilles Pinay, Nancy N. Rabalais, Yves Souchon, Elisabeth M. Gross
Why Are There So Many Definitions Of Eutrophication?, Alexandrine Pannard, Philippe Souchu, Christian Chauvin, Monique Delabuis, Chantal Gascuel-Odoux, Erik Jeppesen, Morgane Le Moal, Alain Ménesguen, Gilles Pinay, Nancy N. Rabalais, Yves Souchon, Elisabeth M. Gross
Faculty Publications
Because of the first observations in the 1900s of the oligotrophic and eutrophic states of lakes, researchers have been interested in the process that makes lakes become turbid because of high phytoplankton biomass. Definitions of eutrophication have multiplied and diversified since the mid-20th century, more than for any other ecological process. Reasons for the high number of definitions might be that the former ones did not sufficiently describe their causes and/or consequences. Global change is bringing eutrophication more into the spotlight than ever, highlighting the need to find consensus on a common definition, or at least to explain and clarify …
Key Uncertainties And Modeling Needs For Managing Living Marine Resources In The Future Arctic Ocean, Julia G. Mason, Andrea Bryndum-Buchholz, Juliano Palacios-Abrantes, Renuka Badhe, Isabella Morgante, Daniele Bianchi, Julia L. Blanchard, Jason D. Everett, Cheryl S. Harrison, Ryan F. Heneghan, Camilla Novaglio, Colleen M. Petrik
Key Uncertainties And Modeling Needs For Managing Living Marine Resources In The Future Arctic Ocean, Julia G. Mason, Andrea Bryndum-Buchholz, Juliano Palacios-Abrantes, Renuka Badhe, Isabella Morgante, Daniele Bianchi, Julia L. Blanchard, Jason D. Everett, Cheryl S. Harrison, Ryan F. Heneghan, Camilla Novaglio, Colleen M. Petrik
Faculty Publications
Emerging fishing activity due to melting ice and poleward species distribution shifts in the rapidly-warming Arctic Ocean challenges transboundary management and requires proactive governance. A 2021 moratorium on commercial fishing in the Arctic high seas provides a 16-year runway for improved scientific understanding. Given substantial knowledge gaps, characterizing areas of highest uncertainty is a key first step. Marine ecosystem model ensembles that project future fish distributions could inform management of future Arctic fisheries, but Arctic-specific variation has not yet been examined for global ensembles. We use the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Intercomparison Project ensemble driven by two Earth System Models …
State Of The Science On Brain Insulin Resistance And Cognitive Decline Due To Alzheimer's Disease, Elizabeth M. Rhea, Manon Leclerc, Hussein N. Yassine, Ana W. Capuano, Han Tong, Vladislav A. Petyuk, Shannon L. Macauley, Xavier Fioramonti, Owen Carmichael, Frederic Calon, Zoe Arvanitakis
State Of The Science On Brain Insulin Resistance And Cognitive Decline Due To Alzheimer's Disease, Elizabeth M. Rhea, Manon Leclerc, Hussein N. Yassine, Ana W. Capuano, Han Tong, Vladislav A. Petyuk, Shannon L. Macauley, Xavier Fioramonti, Owen Carmichael, Frederic Calon, Zoe Arvanitakis
Clinical Research Faculty Publications
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common and increasing in prevalence worldwide, with devastating public health consequences. While peripheral insulin resistance is a key feature of most forms of T2DM and has been investigated for over a century, research on brain insulin resistance (BIR) has more recently been developed, including in the context of T2DM and non-diabetes states. Recent data support the presence of BIR in the aging brain, even in non-diabetes states, and found that BIR may be a feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to cognitive impairment. Further, therapies used to treat T2DM are now being investigated …
Solubilization Of Paclitaxel With Natural Compound Rubusoside Toward Improving Oral Bioavailability In A Rodent Model, Jian Zhang, Jicheng Shu, Rhett W. Stout, Paul S. Russo, Zhijun Liu
Solubilization Of Paclitaxel With Natural Compound Rubusoside Toward Improving Oral Bioavailability In A Rodent Model, Jian Zhang, Jicheng Shu, Rhett W. Stout, Paul S. Russo, Zhijun Liu
Faculty Publications
Paclitaxel, which features low water solubility and permeability, is an efflux pump substrate. The current paclitaxel drugs are given intravenously after resolving the solubility issue. Yet, oral delivery to achieve therapeutic bioavailability is not effective due to low absorption. This study evaluated a natural compound, rubusoside, to improve oral bioavailability in an animal model. Free paclitaxel molecules were processed into nano-micelles formed in water with rubusoside. The particle size of the nano-micelles in water was determined using dynamic light scattering. The oral bioavailability of paclitaxel in nano-micelles was determined against Cremophor/alcohol-solubilized Taxol after oral and intravenous administration to pre-cannulated Sprague …
The Evolution Of Science And Regulation Of Dietary Supplements: Past, Present, And Future, Paul M. Coates, Regan L. Bailey, Jeffrey B. Blumberg, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Elizabeth Floyd, Joshua Z. Goldenberg, Aimée Gould Shunney, Hannah D. Holscher, Yasmeen Nkrumah-Elie, Deshanie Rai, Barry W. Ritz, Wendy J. Weber
The Evolution Of Science And Regulation Of Dietary Supplements: Past, Present, And Future, Paul M. Coates, Regan L. Bailey, Jeffrey B. Blumberg, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Elizabeth Floyd, Joshua Z. Goldenberg, Aimée Gould Shunney, Hannah D. Holscher, Yasmeen Nkrumah-Elie, Deshanie Rai, Barry W. Ritz, Wendy J. Weber
Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications
Dietary supplement use in the United States is widespread and increasing, especially among certain population groups, such as older Americans. The science surrounding dietary supplements has evolved substantially over the last few decades since their formal regulation in 1994. Much has been learned about the mechanisms of action of many dietary supplement ingredients, but the evidence on their health effects is still building. As is true of much nutrition research, there are many studies that point to health effects, but not all are at the level of scientific evidence (e.g., randomized controlled interventions), rigor, or quality needed for definitive statements …
The Impact Of Obesity On Reproductive Health And Metabolism In Reproductive-Age Females, Samantha B. Schon, Hannah E. Cabre, Leanne M. Redman
The Impact Of Obesity On Reproductive Health And Metabolism In Reproductive-Age Females, Samantha B. Schon, Hannah E. Cabre, Leanne M. Redman
Clinical Research Faculty Publications
Obesity is a highly prevalent chronic disease that impacts >40% of reproductive-aged females. The pathophysiology of obesity is complex and can be understood simply as a chronic energy imbalance whereby caloric intake exceeds caloric expenditure with an energy surplus stored in adipose tissue. Obesity may be categorized into degrees of severity as well as different phenotypes on the basis of metabolic health and underlying pathophysiology. Obesity and excess adiposity have a significant impact on fertility and reproductive health, with direct effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, the ovary and oocyte, and the endometrium. There are significant adverse pregnancy outcomes related to …
Obesity- And Diet-Induced Plasticity In Systems That Control Eating And Energy Balance, Carrie R. Ferrario, Heike Münzberg-Gruening, Linda Rinaman, J. Nicholas Betley, Stephanie L. Borgland, Monica Dus, Debra A. Fadool, Kathryn F. Medler, Gregory J. Morton, Darleen A. Sandoval, Claire B. De La Serre, Sarah A. Stanley, Kristy L. Townsend, Alan G. Watts, Padma Maruvada, Diana Cummings, Bradley M. Cooke
Obesity- And Diet-Induced Plasticity In Systems That Control Eating And Energy Balance, Carrie R. Ferrario, Heike Münzberg-Gruening, Linda Rinaman, J. Nicholas Betley, Stephanie L. Borgland, Monica Dus, Debra A. Fadool, Kathryn F. Medler, Gregory J. Morton, Darleen A. Sandoval, Claire B. De La Serre, Sarah A. Stanley, Kristy L. Townsend, Alan G. Watts, Padma Maruvada, Diana Cummings, Bradley M. Cooke
Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications
In April 2023, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), in partnership with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute on Aging, and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, hosted a 2-day online workshop to discuss neural plasticity in energy homeostasis and obesity. The goal was to provide a broad view of current knowledge while identifying research questions and challenges regarding neural systems that control food intake and energy balance. This review includes highlights from the meeting and is intended both to introduce unfamiliar audiences with concepts central to …
Effects Of E-Cigarettes On The Lung And Systemic Metabolome In People With Hiv, Aline Zaparte, Courtney J. Christopher, Connie Arnold, Lauren Richey, Adairre Castille, Kyle Mistretta, Christopher M. Taylor, Huiyi Lin, Steve Nelson, John P. Kirwan, John W. Apolzan, Shawn R. Campagna, David A. Welsh
Effects Of E-Cigarettes On The Lung And Systemic Metabolome In People With Hiv, Aline Zaparte, Courtney J. Christopher, Connie Arnold, Lauren Richey, Adairre Castille, Kyle Mistretta, Christopher M. Taylor, Huiyi Lin, Steve Nelson, John P. Kirwan, John W. Apolzan, Shawn R. Campagna, David A. Welsh
Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications
The popularity of e-cigarettes (vaping) has soared, creating a public health crisis among teens and young adults. Chronic vaping can induce gut inflammation and reduce intestinal barrier function through the production of the proinflammatory molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This is particularly concerning for people with HIV (PWH) as they already face impaired immune function and are at a higher risk for metabolic dysregulation, diabetes, and chronic liver disease. Furthermore, PWH experience unhealthy behaviors, making it crucial to understand the systemic metabolic dysregulation and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with vaping in this population. Here, we employed liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics to …
The Bioenergetic Landscape Of Cancer, Elizabeth R.M. Zunica, Christopher L. Axelrod, L. Anne Gilmore, Erich Gnaiger, John P. Kirwan
The Bioenergetic Landscape Of Cancer, Elizabeth R.M. Zunica, Christopher L. Axelrod, L. Anne Gilmore, Erich Gnaiger, John P. Kirwan
Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications
Background: Bioenergetic remodeling of core energy metabolism is essential to the initiation, survival, and progression of cancer cells through exergonic supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metabolic intermediates, as well as control of redox homeostasis. Mitochondria are evolutionarily conserved organelles that mediate cell survival by conferring energetic plasticity and adaptive potential. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis is coupled to the oxidation of a variety of substrates generated through diverse metabolic pathways. As such, inhibition of the mitochondrial bioenergetic system by restricting metabolite availability, direct inhibition of the respiratory Complexes, altering organelle structure, or coupling efficiency may restrict carcinogenic potential and cancer progression. …
Youth's Political Identity And Fertility Desires, Heather M. Rackin, Christina M. Gibson-Davis
Youth's Political Identity And Fertility Desires, Heather M. Rackin, Christina M. Gibson-Davis
Faculty Publications
Objective: This study examines the association between political identity and young adults' fertility desires from 1989 to 2019. Background: Understanding the factors that shape fertility preferences is important because these preferences are the critical bridge between social forces and fertility. Identity is a theorized, but understudied, predictor of fertility desires. The increasing salience of political identity suggests that the association between political identity and fertility desires has strengthened over time. Method: Data come from the 1989–2019 waves of Monitoring the Future, a nationally representative study of 12th graders (N = 67,557). Regression models examined how political identity (measured by Republican …
Response Of A Terrestrial Polar Ecosystem To The March 2022 Antarctic Weather Anomaly, J. E. Barrett, Byron J. Adams, Peter T. Doran, Hilary A. Dugan, Krista F. Myers, Mark R. Salvatore, Sarah N. Power, Meredith D. Snyder, Anna T. Wright, Michael N. Gooseff
Response Of A Terrestrial Polar Ecosystem To The March 2022 Antarctic Weather Anomaly, J. E. Barrett, Byron J. Adams, Peter T. Doran, Hilary A. Dugan, Krista F. Myers, Mark R. Salvatore, Sarah N. Power, Meredith D. Snyder, Anna T. Wright, Michael N. Gooseff
Faculty Publications
Record high temperatures were documented in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, on 18 March 2022, exceeding average temperatures for that day by nearly 30°C. Satellite imagery and stream gage measurements indicate that surface wetting coincided with this warming more than 2 months after peak summer thaw and likely exceeded thresholds for rehydration and activation of resident organisms that typically survive the cold and dry conditions of the polar fall in a freeze-dried state. This weather event is notable in both the timing and magnitude of the warming and wetting when temperatures exceeded 0°C at a time when biological communities and …