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Ale Beer Containing Free And Immobilized Lactobacillus Brevis, A Potential Delivery System For Probiotics, Kriza Faye Calumba, Vondel Reyes, Franklin Bonilla, Elio Villasmil, Subramaniam Sathivel

Faculty Publications

Abstract: Probiotics in ale beer may be attractive to health-conscious consumers. However, beer conditions may decrease probiotic viability. Powder produced from durian (Durio zibethinus) rind, a by-product that is currently unutilized, can be used for the immobilization of probiotics. MRS medium was incubated with Lactobacillus brevis and periodically sampled to obtain the growth curve. Ale beer with free L. brevis and cells immobilized in durian rind powder was produced and separately assessed during storage at 21 °C for 24 days. The physico-chemical parameters of both beers did not differ significantly. Durian rind powder conferred protection up to 12 days of …

Household Chaos, Family Routines, And Young Child Movement Behaviors In The U.S. During The Covid-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study, Chelsea L. Kracht, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Amanda E. Staiano

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: The home environment is an important facilitator of young child movement behaviors, including physical activity (PA), sleep, and screen-time. Household chaos, characterized by crowding, noise, and disorder in the home, may hinder efforts to obtain adequate amounts of movement behaviors. The COVID-19 outbreak impacted many families, and social distancing during this time may create conditions for more household chaos. Family routines can help establish order in the home and encourage an appropriate balance of movement behaviors, such as less screen-time and more sleep. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between household chaos and young child …

Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Anang S. Achmadi, Heru Handika, Mark T. Swanson, Thomas C. Giarla, Kevin C. Rowe

Faculty Publications

After nearly a decade of field inventories in which we preserved voucher specimens of the small terrestrial mammals of Sulawesi, we combined qualitative and quantitative analyses of morphological traits with molecular phylogenetics to better understand the diversity of shrews (Soricidae: Crocidura) on the island. We examined the morphology of 1368 specimens and obtained extensive molecular data from many of them, including mitochondrial DNA sequences from 851 specimens, up to five nuclear exons from 657 specimens, and thousands of ultraconserved elements from 90 specimens. By iteratively testing species limits using distinct character datasets and appropriate taxon sampling, we found clear, mostly …

Serum Uric Acid And Its Change With The Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study In China, Haiyan Su, Tong Liu, Yupeng Li, Yuxin Fan, Baoping Wang, Ming Liu, Gang Hu, Zhaowei Meng, Qing Zhang

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Objective: To assess the association of baseline uric acid levels and their changes from baseline to Year 1 with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods: This study cohort included 9471 subjects without a history of diabetes at baseline. The incident diabetes was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association standard. Results: During a mean follow-up of 2.9 years, we identified 762 type 2 diabetes cases. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes across baseline tertiles of serum uric acid were 1.00, 1.15, and 1.32 (P for trend = 0.018), respectively. Participants with hyperuricemia compared with those without …

Physical Activity And Sleep Duration During Pregnancy Have Interactive Effects On Caesarean Delivery: A Population-Based Cohort Study In Tianjin, China, Yingzi Yang, Weiqin Li, Wen Yang, Leishen Wang, Jinnan Liu, Junhong Leng, Wei Li, Shuo Wang, Jing Li, Gang Hu, Zhijie Yu, Xilin Yang

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: There were inconsistent findings in the literature regarding the associations of physical activity and sleep duration during pregnancy with caesarean delivery for different reasons. It was also unknown whether physical activity and sleep duration during pregnancy had interactive effects on the risks of different types of caesarean delivery. The study aimed to investigate the effects of physical activity, sleep duration and their interactions on the risk of caesarean delivery for medical reasons and non-medical reasons. Methods: From October 2010 to August 2012, a prospective population-based cohort of 13,015 pregnant women was established in six central urban districts of Tianjin, …

Staging Tau Pathology With Tau Pet In Alzheimer’S Disease: A Longitudinal Study, Shi Dong Chen, Jia Ying Lu, Hong Qi Li, Yu Xiang Yang, Jie Hui Jiang, Mei Cui, Chuan Tao Zuo, Lan Tan, Qiang Dong, Jin Tai Yu, Michael W. Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John C. Morris, Richard J. Perrin, Leslie M. Shaw, Maria Carrillo, William Potter, Lisa Barnes, Marie Bernard, Hector González, Carole Ho, John K. Hsiao, Jonathan Jackson, Eliezer Masliah, Donna Masterman, Ozioma Okonkwo

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

A biological research framework to define Alzheimer’ disease with dichotomized biomarker measurement was proposed by National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association (NIA–AA). However, it cannot characterize the hierarchy spreading pattern of tau pathology. To reflect in vivo tau progression using biomarker, we constructed a refined topographic 18F-AV-1451 tau PET staging scheme with longitudinal clinical validation. Seven hundred and thirty-four participants with baseline 18F-AV-1451 tau PET (baseline age 73.9 ± 7.7 years, 375 female) were stratified into five stages by a topographic PET staging scheme. Cognitive trajectories and clinical progression were compared across stages with or without further dichotomy of amyloid status, …

Meal Composition During An Ad Libitum Buffet Meal And Longitudinal Predictions Of Weight And Percent Body Fat Change: The Role Of Hyper-Palatable, Energy Dense, And Ultra-Processed Foods, Tera L. Fazzino, James L. Dorling, John W. Apolzan, Corby K. Martin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Foods that increase obesity risk are ubiquitous in the US food environment. Such foods may be the target of hedonic eating, which may facilitate weight gain and lead to obesity. The study tested whether meal composition during an ad libitum buffet meal was associated with 1-year weight and percent body fat changes among healthy younger adults without obesity. Hyper-palatable foods (HPF) were the study focus; comparisons were conducted with high energy dense (HED) and ultra-processed foods (UPF). Design: Younger adults without obesity (N = 82; 43% male; mean age 26.8) completed an ad libitum buffet meal and provided body …

Culture And Economics: A Literature Review, Faith Howard

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Revealing The Native Status Of Conyza Bonariensis: Specialization Of Insect Herbivores Associated With Conyza And Erigeron Spp. (Asteraceae) In Louisiana, Texas, And Mississippi, Carlos Wiggins

LSU Master's Theses

Flaxleaf fleabane [Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist] (Asterales: Asteraceae) is an annual herb which grows up to 1.0 m in height and is native to South America. Due to introduction and subsequent development of herbicide resistance, C. bonariensis has become a major agricultural weed in Australia. The purpose of this study was to catalog herbivorous insects associated with local populations of C. bonariensis in Louisiana, Texas and Mississippi in order to establish comparisons with the Australian fauna and identify potential biological control agents. Leaves, roots, stems, and flowers of C. bonariensis were inspected for signs of insects and pathogens. Results …

Ncs Assessments Of The Motor, Sensory, And Physical Health Domains, Jane E. Clark, Russell Pate, Rose Marie Rine, Jennifer Christy, Pamela Dalton, Diane L. Damiano, Stephen Daniels, Jonathan M. Holmes, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Susan Magasi, Ryan Mccreery, Kerry Mciver, Karl M. Newell, Terence Sanger, David Sugden, Elsie Taveras, Steven Hirschfeld

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

As part of the National Children's Study (NCS) comprehensive and longitudinal assessment of the health status of the whole child, scientific teams were convened to recommend assessment measures for the NCS. This manuscript documents the work of three scientific teams who focused on the motor, sensory, or the physical health aspects of this assessment. Each domain team offered a value proposition for the importance of their domain to the health outcomes of the developing infant and child. Constructs within each domain were identified and measures of these constructs proposed. Where available extant assessments were identified. Those constructs that were in …

Protein Kinase Sgk2 Is Induced By The Β3 Adrenergic Receptor-Camp-Pka-Pgc-1Α/Nt-Pgc-1Α Axis But Dispensable For Brown/Beige Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis, Chul Hong Park, Jiyoung Moon, Minsung Park, Helia Cheng, Jisu Lee, Ji Suk Chang

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Brown and beige adipocytes are specialized to dissipate energy as heat. Sgk2, encoding a serine/threonine kinase, has been identified as a brown and beige adipocyte-specific gene in rodents and humans; however, its function in brown/beige adipocytes remains unraveled. Here, we examined the regulation and role of Sgk2 in brown/beige adipose tissue thermogenesis. We found that transcriptional coactivators PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α activated by the β3 adrenergic receptor-cAMP-PKA pathway are recruited to the Sgk2 promoter, triggering Sgk2 transcription in response to cold. SGK2 elevation was closely associated with increased serine/threonine phosphorylation of proteins carrying the consensus RxRxxS/T phosphorylation site. However, despite cold-dependent …

The Use Of Rna Interference To Investigate The Role Of Zmpr10 In Salt Stress Response And Mtl/Nld/Zmpla1 In The Improvement Of Haploid Induction In Maize, Max Carl Miller

LSU Master's Theses

RNA interference (RNAi) is a useful tool in gene characterization and its use is expanding into more practical fields. Two RNAi techniques were used in this case. The studies conducted in the chapter two use transgenic maize lines containing an RNAi construct targeting ZmPR10 to characterize its potential role in growth and development in response to salinity stress. T₁ transgenic plants from events A44S1-35-3 and A44S1-3-4, which had significantly reduced ZmPR10 expression compared to the non-transgenic controls, showed no differences compared to the controls in heights after 30 and 60 days, nor did the T₂ transgenic from these …

Characteristics And Causal Factors For The Receptive-Expressive Gap In Typically Developed Spanish-English Adult Bilinguals, Rachael Janelle Javaherian

LSU Master's Theses

A receptive-expressive language gap occurs when a standardized receptive score is statistically greater than an expressive score in either a primary or a second language. In bilingual children, gap studies already exist for determining language impairment. In adults, there are few studies; nevertheless, one needs to distinguish between typical language patterns of bilingualism due to non-pathological loss of L1 skills versus problems resulting from accidents, disease, or age. To this end, the present study attempted to expand findings of studies by Gibson et al. (2012 and 2014) that focused on analysis of the gap and possible factors influencing its existence …

Surface Engineering Of Materials For Optical And Biomedical Applications, Syed Mohammad Abid Hasan

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The mechanisms of various optical and medical applications depend on the characteristics of the surface of the material which is being used to detect the molecule of interest. In this work, we focused on some specific areas of surface engineering that play a vital role to improve the performance of some material characteristics. Firstly, we focused on the wettability of graphene, which is important for surface modification and thermal/fluidic properties. The level of transparency to van der Waals forces, chemical bonds, and electrostatic interactions between atoms and molecules on two sides of graphene single layer is not well understood. Our …

Effects Of Freshwater Input On Nutrient Loading, Toxic Cyanobacteria Bloom Development And Cyanotoxin Production In Lake Pontchartrain Estuary, Louisiana, Callie L. Snow

LSU Master's Theses

Estuaries in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are undergoing profound alterations due to changes in climate and implementation of coastal restoration activities and these may lead to the increasing frequency of harmful algal blooms (HABs). The introduction of large volumes of nutrient-rich, fresh Mississippi River water into nutrient-poor Lake Pontchartrain Estuary is known to substantially change the chemistry and ecology of the estuary, and warm temperatures paired with the persistent nutrient loading into the estuary supports the proliferation of potentially toxic cyanobacteria blooms (CyanoHABs). Throughout 2019, a long-term opening of the Bonnet Carré Spillway (BCS), initially from February to …

Hemp Microgreen Mineral Content, Cannabinoids, Total Phenolics, And Antioxidants, Cheston T. Schayot

LSU Master's Theses

Hemp (Cannabis sativa) L. microgreens were grown to 7 and 12 days with and without supplemental lighting and/or fertilizer. The principal macronutrient found in hemp microgreens was nitrogen (N), followed by potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S). The principal micronutrient found in hemp microgreens was iron (Fe), followed by manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), boron (B), and copper (Cu). Hemp microgreens were similar to other commonly grown microgreen species in minerals except for P and Mg, where they could potentially be an excellent source, and Zn, where they fell below previously reported amounts. The …

Response Of Roseau Cane (Phragmites Australis) To Two Biotic Stresses: Hyalopterus Pruni And Bipolaris Yamadae, Heather E. Cizek

LSU Master's Theses

Roseau cane (Phragmites australis) is considered an invasive plant because of its ability to replace native plant species. However, in Louisiana it plays an important role protecting coastal infrastructure and being part of the marsh ecosystem in the lower Mississippi River Delta. In recent years, Roseau cane has been affected by a die-off, a problem that has also been reported in some European countries. Possible biotic and abiotic factors that have been associated with the die-off include scale insects, climate change, pollution, salinity levels, and pathogens.

In this research, the individual and combined effect of a foliar disease …

3-Dimensional Structural Determination Of Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Repeat 27 From Mouse Notch1 Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Justin Grennell

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

NOTCH1 has been associated with a variety of human ailments, such as cancer and heart disease. NOTCH1 is a transmembrane protein that contains 36 epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats, which facilitate cell signaling by binding proteins on neighboring cells. Each repeat contains about 40 amino acids and has to be folded in a specific manner to function properly. The amino acid sequence, carbohydrate pattern, and calcium-binding sites of EGF-like repeats vary, but the pattern along the 36-repeat chain is conserved. The Abruptex region (EGF24-29) of NOTCH1 is a highly glycosylated (having undergone sugar addition) and flexible region, which gained its …

Improving The Deployment Of Insecticidal Seed Treatments In Louisiana Rice In Accordance With Integrated Pest Management, Megan Marie Mulcahy

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most destructive insect pest of rice in the United States. Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus larvae feed on rice roots, reducing yields by up to 25 %. Lepidopteran stem borers, in the family Crambidae, are also economically important pests of rice in Louisiana.

Currently, insecticidal seed treatments are used throughout the U.S. Mid-south rice industry to prophylactically control L. oryzophilus. Chlorantraniliprole seed treatments are also effective against stem borers. Thus, insecticidal seed treatments are used on >80 % of Louisiana rice acreage. Although seed treatments reduce damage inflicted by these pests, they are applied preventatively …

Investigation Of Bovine Herpesvirus-1 Determinants Of Neuronal Infectivity In Novel Bovine Neuronal Cell Systems For Development Of A Safer Viral Vaccine Vector, Jared Rudd

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and a component of the bovine respiratory disease complex. BoHV-1 is a significant burden on the cattle industry in the United States causing severe respiratory disease, abortions, loss of calves (“shipping fever”). BoHV-1 belongs to the alphaherpesvirus subfamily of Herpesviridae. Alphaherpesviruses enter axons of sensory nerves and establish life-long latency in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglionic neurons after primary infection of the oronasal or genital epithelium respectively. Modified live attenuated vaccines for BoHV-1 are commercially available but are limited in their protection while retaining the ability to establish latency …

Apol1 Renal Risk Variants Are Associated With Obesity And Body Composition In African Ancestry Adults: An Observational Genotype-Phenotype Association Study, Girish N. Nadkarni, Kezhen Fei, Genevieve Galarneau, Yan Gao, James G. Wilson, Richard Cooper, Ebony B. Madden, Joshua C. Denny, Lynne D. Richardson, Martin Pollak, Ruth J.F. Loos, Carol R. Horowitz

Faculty Publications

While increased obesity prevalence among persons of African ancestry (AAs) compared to persons of European ancestry (EAs) is linked to social, environmental and behavioral factors, there are no gene variants that are common and significantly associated with obesity in AA populations. We sought to explore the association between ancestry specific renal risk variants in the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene with obesity related traits in AAs. We conducted a genotype-phenotype association study from 3 electronic medical record linked cohorts (BioMe Biobank, BioVU, nuGENE); randomized controlled trials (genetic testing to understand and address renal disease disparities) and prospective cohort study (Jackson Heart …

Responses Of Wetland Soil Microbial Communities To Different Types Of Anthropogenic Stress, Grace Ann Cagle

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Microorganisms are the major drivers of biogeochemical transformations of carbon and nitrogen in wetlands. These processes are crucial for ecological sustainability and are heavily impacted by human activities. How anthropogenic stress affects the microbial drivers of carbon storage and nutrient cycling in wetlands is not well understood. I investigated the response of wetland soil microbial communities to three different types of anthropogenic stress using DNA sequencing. First, I studied the effect of warming on microbial carbon processing in a peatland underlaid by permafrost by comparing the abundances of specific genes between sites subjected to five years of warming and controls. …

Regional Expansion And Evaluation Of Potential Chemical Control For Invasive Apple Snails (Pomacea Maculata) In Southwest Louisiana, Julian M. Lucero

LSU Master's Theses

The integration of monitoring and chemical control is an efficient strategy for managing invasive apple snails, Pomacea maculata, in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) and crawfish systems of southwest Louisiana. However, their current distribution, expansion rates, and susceptibility to chemical control methods in this area are not well known. This study evaluated the expansion of P. maculata in southwest Louisiana and assessed potential chemical control for P. maculata among toxicity assays using various application rates. The effects of potential chemical control were also assessed on a non-target species, the red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii). P. maculata …

Brood Abundance And Invertebrate Availability In Crop-Dominated Landscapes In The Prairie Pothole Region, Catrina V. Terry

LSU Master's Theses

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is the most important region for ducks in North America, producing over half the ducks on the continent, and it is a priority landscape for wetland and grassland conservation. Agricultural expansion has changed the PPR, and the majority of grasslands and potholes have been converted into row-crops. The loss of nesting habitat has directly caused nest success to decline. Most of the remaining wetlands are surrounded by row-crops, and are considered lower quality because they receive runoff of sediment and chemicals, which may decrease primary forage for young ducklings as well as inhibit wetland vegetation. …

Steady Agronomic And Genetic Interventions Are Essential For Sustaining Productivity In Intensive Rice Cropping, Jagdish K. Ladha, Ando M. Radanielson, Jessica Elaine Rutkoski, Roland J. Buresh, Achim Dobermann, Olivyn Angeles, Irish Lorraine B. Pabuayon, Christian Santos-Medellin, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, Pauline Chivenge, Ajay Kohli

Faculty Publications

Intensive systems with two or three rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops per year account for about 50% of the harvested area for irrigated rice in Asia. Any reduction in productivity or sustainability of these systems has serious implications for global food security. Rice yield trends in the world's longest-running long-term continuous cropping experiment (LTCCE) were evaluated to investigate consequences of intensive cropping and to draw lessons for sustaining production in Asia. Annual production was sustained at a steady level over the 50-y period in the LTCCE through continuous adjustment of management practices and regular cultivar replacement. Within each of the …

Role Of Aim2 Inflammasome In Pulmonary Host Defense Against Staphylococcus Aureus-Induced Pneumonia, Bibek Dhakal

LSU Master's Theses

Bacterial pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children under the age of five, claiming the lives of two million children each year. Staphylococcus aureus is the extracellular Gram-positive bacteria that causes necrotizing pneumonia. Moreover, the spread of antibiotic-resistant and hypervirulent strains has made treatment more challenging. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a dsDNA-sensing cytosolic innate immune receptor that activates inflammasomes and is crucial for host defense against intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. However, its role in extracellular bacterial pathogen-induced pneumonia is unclear. Therefore, understanding how AIM2 initiates host responses during Staphylococcus aureus is crucial for the development …

Willingness Of Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowners To Obtain A Private Versus Public Consultation, Erika Largacha

LSU Master's Theses

Promoting conservation practices among family forests landowners play a critical role to enhance forest health and ecosystem services. Several certification programs recognize such efforts, but participation among landowners varies based on their characteristics, program requirements, and incentives. One crucial step of certification is to obtain a forest management plan, but acquisition among landowners remains extremely low. Several studies suggest connecting landowners with foresters as the key element towards the adoption of forest management plans. Because foresters are typically employed by public forestry agencies or as private self-employed consultants, landowners' willingness to work with either may differ. As far as we …

Investigation Of Arabidopsis Extremophyte Relatives, Schrenkiella Parvula And Eutrema Salsugineum Reveals Different Roads Leading To Salt Stress Tolerance, Kieu-Nga Thi Tran

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

How plants adapt to salt stress has been a central question in plant biology for decades. Yet we have not been able to fully understand the molecular networks and genetic mechanisms underlying this complex trait. Most of the genetic work on salinity stress has focused on understanding salt stress responses in the leading, yet a salt-sensitive model Arabidopsis thaliana. With the recent availability of genomes for wild-relatives of A. thaliana, we can now investigate how naturally salt adapted plants may have evolved modified or novel molecular networks to adapt to salt stress. Therefore, my research utilizes a comparative …

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Aeration During Washing To Dislodge Microorganisms From Cucumbers And Bell Peppers, Julysa Benitez

LSU Master's Theses

Microorganisms may attach firmly to produce matrices and could affect the efficacy of disinfectants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of aeration to reduce microbial risk during washing and sanitizing of fresh produce. Bell peppers and cucumbers were spot inoculated with Listeria innocua, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella; after drying in the biosafety cabinet for 1h, these were washed with water or sanitized with 100 ppm of chlorine for 3 min with or without aeration. Bell pepper and cucumber samples were placed in sterile bags with PBS after treatment. Bell peppers were processed in the stomacher …

Corn Nitrogen Management Under Different Tillage Systems, Akshara Athelly

LSU Master's Theses

Adoption of no-tillage (NT) and cover crops (CC) significantly effect soil physicochemical properties and nutrient cycling that necessitates modified nutrient management to maximize crop yields. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate N-sources Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN), urea, and urea+ N-stabilizer (urea+ stab) and N-split applications 100%N at V2 (S1), 25%N at V2+75%N at V6 (S2), 25%N at V2+ 50%N at V6+ 25%N at VT (S3) in a sandy loam soil and three CC wheat (Triticum aestivum), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) , and radish (Raphanus sativus) and their combinations along with three N-rates ( …