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Structure Of A Monomeric Photosystem Ii Core Complex From A Cyanobacterium Acclimated To Far-Red Light Reveals The Functions Of Chlorophylls D And F, Christopher J. Gisriel, Gaozhong Shen, Ming-Yang Ho, Vasily Kurashov, David A. Flesher Jan 2022

Structure Of A Monomeric Photosystem Ii Core Complex From A Cyanobacterium Acclimated To Far-Red Light Reveals The Functions Of Chlorophylls D And F, Christopher J. Gisriel, Gaozhong Shen, Ming-Yang Ho, Vasily Kurashov, David A. Flesher

Faculty Publications

Far-red light (FRL) photoacclimation in cyanobacteria provides a selective growth advantage for some terrestrial cyanobacteria by expanding the range of photosynthetically active radiation to include far-red/near-infrared light (700-800 nm). During this photoacclimation process, photosystem II (PSII), the water:plastoquinone photooxidoreductase involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, is modified. The resulting FRL-PSII is comprised of FRL-specific core subunits and binds chlorophyll (Chl) d and Chl f molecules in place of several of the Chl a molecules found when cells are grown in visible light. These new Chls effectively lower the energy canonically thought to define the "red limit" for light required to drive photochemical …

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The Souls Of Womenfolk: The Religious Cultures Of Enslaved Women In The Lower South, Emily Clark Jan 2022

The Souls Of Womenfolk: The Religious Cultures Of Enslaved Women In The Lower South, Emily Clark

Civil War Book Review

Reviewer Emily Suzanne Clark writes that Alexis Wells-Oghoghomeh’s The Souls of Womenfolk: The Religious Cultures of Enslaved Women in the Lower South “is one of the most important books in African American religious history of the past decade.” Clark concludes that “By placing women at the center,” Oghoghomeh “shifts the field’s focus away from the pulpit as a means of empowerment.”

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Modeling Crash Severity And Collision Types Using Machine Learning, Amit Kumar, Hari Krishnan Melempat Kalapurayil Jan 2022

Modeling Crash Severity And Collision Types Using Machine Learning, Amit Kumar, Hari Krishnan Melempat Kalapurayil

Publications

Traffic safety analysis is the fundamental step for reducing economic, social, and environmental cost incurred due to traffic accidents. The essence of traffic safety is understanding the factors affecting crash occurrence, injury severity and collision type and their underlying relationships and predict-prevent future crash instances. Crash injury severity studies in past have utilized numerous statistical, econometric and Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to extract the underlying relationship between the crash causal factors and the consequent severity or collision type. The study aims to explore the Multi-Label Classification (MLC) tool from the domain of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for …

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The Parastagonospora Nodorum Necrotrophic Effector Sntox5 Targets The Wheat Gene Snn5 And Facilitates Entry Into The Leaf Mesophyll, Gayan K. Kariyawasam, Jonathan K. Richards, Nathan A. Wyatt, Katherine L.D. Running, Steven S. Xu, Zhaohui Liu, Pawel Borowicz, Justin D. Faris, Timothy L. Friesen Jan 2022

The Parastagonospora Nodorum Necrotrophic Effector Sntox5 Targets The Wheat Gene Snn5 And Facilitates Entry Into The Leaf Mesophyll, Gayan K. Kariyawasam, Jonathan K. Richards, Nathan A. Wyatt, Katherine L.D. Running, Steven S. Xu, Zhaohui Liu, Pawel Borowicz, Justin D. Faris, Timothy L. Friesen

Faculty Publications

Parastagonospora nodorum is an economically important necrotrophic fungal pathogen of wheat. Parastagonospora nodorum secretes necrotrophic effectors that target wheat susceptibility genes to induce programmed cell death (PCD). In this study, we cloned and functionally validated SnTox5 and characterized its role in pathogenesis. We used whole genome sequencing, genome-wide association study (GWAS) mapping, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene disruption, gain-of-function transformation, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, haplotype and isoform analysis, protein modeling, quantitative PCR, and laser confocal microscopy to validate SnTox5 and functionally characterize SnTox5. SnTox5 is a mature 16.26 kDa protein with high structural similarity to SnTox3. Wild-type and mutant P. nodorum strains …

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A New Detection Of The Invasive Mexican Rice Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) From Georgia In The United States Based On Morphological And Molecular Data, Ilgoo Kang, Blake Wilson, Blake Carter, Rodrigo Diaz Jan 2022

A New Detection Of The Invasive Mexican Rice Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) From Georgia In The United States Based On Morphological And Molecular Data, Ilgoo Kang, Blake Wilson, Blake Carter, Rodrigo Diaz

Faculty Publications

The Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), is an invasive herbivore that attacks many gramineous host plants. The species is an economic pest of several grass crops in North America including sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), rice (Oryza sativa), corn (Zea mays), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The species was first detected in the United States in 1980 and has since expanded its range eastward along the Gulf Coast reaching Louisiana in 2008. A disjointed introduction was detected in Florida in 2012, though range expansion of this population within the state has been limited. Most recently, a separate introduction was detected along the …

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Impact Report, 2021-2022, Lsu Libraries Jan 2022

Impact Report, 2021-2022, Lsu Libraries

Libraries Impact Reports

No abstract provided.

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Genetic And Stress Influences On The Prevalence Of Hypertension Among Hispanics/Latinos In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos (Hchs/Sol), Liana K. Preudhomme, Marc D. Gellman, Nora Franceschini, Krista M. Perreira, Lindsay E. Fernández-Rhodes, Linda C. Gallo, Carmen R. Isasi, Sylvia Smoller, Sheila F. Castañeda, Martha Daviglus, Christina Hutten, Richard S. Cooper, Jianwen Cai, Neil Schneiderman, Maria M. Llabre Jan 2022

Genetic And Stress Influences On The Prevalence Of Hypertension Among Hispanics/Latinos In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos (Hchs/Sol), Liana K. Preudhomme, Marc D. Gellman, Nora Franceschini, Krista M. Perreira, Lindsay E. Fernández-Rhodes, Linda C. Gallo, Carmen R. Isasi, Sylvia Smoller, Sheila F. Castañeda, Martha Daviglus, Christina Hutten, Richard S. Cooper, Jianwen Cai, Neil Schneiderman, Maria M. Llabre

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The current study examined the effects of chronic stress and a genetic risk score on the presence of hypertension and elevated systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure among Hispanics/Latinos in the target population of Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Materials and Methods: Of the participants (N = 11,623) assessed during two clinic visits (Visit 1 2008–2013 & Visit 2 2014–2018), we analysed data from 7,429 adults (50.4% female), aged 18–74, who were genotyped and responded to chronic stress questionnaires. We calculated an unweighted genetic risk score using blood pressure increasing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found to be …

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Effects Of Testing And Disclosing Ancestry-Specific Genetic Risk For Kidney Failure On Patients And Health Care Professionals: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Girish N. Nadkarni, Kezhen Fei, Michelle A. Ramos, Diane Hauser, Emilia Bagiella, Stephen B. Ellis, Saskia Sanderson, Stuart A. Scott, Tatiana Sabin, Ebony Madden, Richard Cooper, Martin Pollak, Neil Calman, Erwin P. Bottinger, Carol R. Horowitz Jan 2022

Effects Of Testing And Disclosing Ancestry-Specific Genetic Risk For Kidney Failure On Patients And Health Care Professionals: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Girish N. Nadkarni, Kezhen Fei, Michelle A. Ramos, Diane Hauser, Emilia Bagiella, Stephen B. Ellis, Saskia Sanderson, Stuart A. Scott, Tatiana Sabin, Ebony Madden, Richard Cooper, Martin Pollak, Neil Calman, Erwin P. Bottinger, Carol R. Horowitz

Faculty Publications

Importance: Risk variants in the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1 [OMIM 603743]) gene on chromosome 22 are common in individuals of West African ancestry and confer increased risk of kidney failure for people with African ancestry and hypertension. Whether disclosing APOL1 genetic testing results to patients of African ancestry and their clinicians affects blood pressure, kidney disease screening, or patient behaviors is unknown. Objective: To determine the effects of testing and disclosing APOL1 genetic results to patients of African ancestry with hypertension and their clinicians. Design, Setting, and Participants: This pragmatic randomized clinical trial randomly assigned 2050 adults of African ancestry with …

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Alternative Nesting Strategies Of Polistine Wasps In A Subtropical Locale, Scott Nacko, Mark A. Hall, Gregg Henderson Jan 2022

Alternative Nesting Strategies Of Polistine Wasps In A Subtropical Locale, Scott Nacko, Mark A. Hall, Gregg Henderson

Faculty Publications

Phylogenetic studies suggest that historically all paper wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) in North America have tropical origins, but some species have adapted to survive temperate conditions. Subtropical climates, which are intermediate between temperate and tropical, allow a unique opportu-nity to study ancestral traits which can be retained or lost within populations, and ultimately elucidate the process of social wasp evolution. We investigated the phenology of paper wasps at study sites in subtropical Baton Rouge, USA, through nest searching and monitoring of nest parameters throughout the warm season (March–October). Across the year, two periods of nest initiation occurred: from March–May (early season …

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Lsu General Catalog 2022-2023, Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Jan 2022

Lsu General Catalog 2022-2023, Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College

LSU General Catalog

The LSU General Catalog describes all undergraduate and graduate departments and programs with degree requirements and courses offered for each one. The LSU General Catalog includes information on registration and financial aid as well as academic services offered to all students.

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Holistic Management Of Pollinators And Pests: Integrating Semiochemicals With On-Farm Pesticides, Olabimpe O. Okosun, Gadi V.P. Reddy Jan 2022

Holistic Management Of Pollinators And Pests: Integrating Semiochemicals With On-Farm Pesticides, Olabimpe O. Okosun, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

Insect pollinators and insect herbivores affect plant reproduction and fitness. Floral displays are used to attract and manipulate pollinators' behavior to support plant sexual reproduction while rewarding the visitors with access to nectar and pollen. The plant-pollinator interactions use various semiochemicals as important communication channels for successful species interaction networks. Floral display and scents can also attract insect herbivores (in which case they act as kairomones). Consequently, semiochemical-color-based traps used for monitoring pest insects in crop fields often accidentally capture pollinators, and these interactions simultaneously affect pest monitoring, pollinator assemblages, and crop production in agroecosystems. An integrated interdisciplinary approach that …

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Louisiana Agriculture Winter, 2022, Lsu Agcenter Jan 2022

Louisiana Agriculture Winter, 2022, Lsu Agcenter

Louisiana Agriculture

Louisiana’s agricultural and natural resources continue to be under attack from a wide variety of invasive species. Some are new to the state, while others have been here for a long time. This issue of Louisiana Agriculture highlights the broad range of research activities being conducted by LSU AgCenter scientists to understand how invasive species survive and thrive and to identify effective means of controlling or limiting their damage in the state.

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On The Need For New Measures Of Phylogenomic Support, Robert C. Thomson, Jeremy M. Brown Jan 2022

On The Need For New Measures Of Phylogenomic Support, Robert C. Thomson, Jeremy M. Brown

Faculty Publications

The scale of data sets used to infer phylogenies has grown dramatically in the last decades, providing researchers with an enormous amount of information with which to draw inferences about evolutionary history. However, standard approaches to assessing confidence in those inferences (e.g., nonparametric bootstrap proportions [BP] and Bayesian posterior probabilities [PPs]) are still deeply influenced by statistical procedures and frameworks that were developed when information was much more limited. These approaches largely quantify uncertainty caused by limited amounts of data, which is often vanishingly small with modern, genome-scale sequence data sets. As a consequence, today's phylogenomic studies routinely report near-complete …

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Animal Histories Of The Civil War, Darcy Ingram Jan 2022

Animal Histories Of The Civil War, Darcy Ingram

Civil War Book Review

Earl J. Hess et al. teach readers about “camels imported in the South for transportation . . . pigs’ multifaceted relationship to wartime economics and politics . . . wildlife in varied forms and contexts” as well as “animals in contexts that might be considered broadly as entertainment," and fill "'a gaping hole in the Civil War literature concerning animals'" along the way.

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Nekton Community Dynamics Within Active And Inactive Deltas In A Major River Estuary: Potential Implications For Altered Hydrology Regimes, Caleb B. Taylor, John Andrew Nyman, Megan K. La Peyre Jan 2022

Nekton Community Dynamics Within Active And Inactive Deltas In A Major River Estuary: Potential Implications For Altered Hydrology Regimes, Caleb B. Taylor, John Andrew Nyman, Megan K. La Peyre

Faculty Publications

High fisheries production within estuaries is associated with coastal upwelling, tidal mixing, and land-based runoff facing increasing impacts from climate and human activities. Active river deltas receive large riverine inflows compared to inactive river deltas, providing contrasting estuaries to compare impacts of river inflow on estuarine nekton. We quantified nekton assemblages and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) of commercially important blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 within an active and inactive delta in coastal Louisiana to explore the impacts of differing riverine inflow. Crustaceans dominated estuarine assemblages, differing only by season and not delta type, with summer and fall supporting highest …

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An Open Hardware 3-D Printed Device For Measuring Tensile Properties Of Thermoplastic Filament Polymers At Cryogenic Temperatures, Yue Liu, Ju Dong, Terrence R. Tiersch, Qinglin Wu, William T. Monroe Jan 2022

An Open Hardware 3-D Printed Device For Measuring Tensile Properties Of Thermoplastic Filament Polymers At Cryogenic Temperatures, Yue Liu, Ju Dong, Terrence R. Tiersch, Qinglin Wu, William T. Monroe

Faculty Publications

With the emerging recognition of open scientific hardware, rapid prototyping technology such as three-dimensional (3-D) printing is becoming widely available for fields such as cryobiology, and cryopreservation, where material selection for instruments and hardware has traditionally been problematic due to extreme low temperatures. A better understanding of the mechanical properties of 3-D printing thermoplastics at cryogenic temperatures is essential to material selection, part design, and printing optimization. The goal of the present study was to explore the feasibility of development for a 3-D printed device (‘CryoTensileDevice’) to hold a test specimen in liquid nitrogen and be mounted in standard mechanical …

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Racial Discrimination And Hazardous Drinking Among Black Drinkers: The Role Of Social Anxiety In The Minority Stress Model, Julia D. Buckner, Nina I. Glover, Justin M. Shepherd, Michael J. Zvolensky Jan 2022

Racial Discrimination And Hazardous Drinking Among Black Drinkers: The Role Of Social Anxiety In The Minority Stress Model, Julia D. Buckner, Nina I. Glover, Justin M. Shepherd, Michael J. Zvolensky

Faculty Publications

Objective: Black Americans who consume alcohol experience worse alcohol-related outcomes. Thus, identifying psycho-sociocultural factors that play a role in hazardous drinking among Black individuals is vital to informing prevention and treatment efforts to reduce these disparities. Racial discrimination is related to hazardous drinking among Black adults, suggesting that some may drink (and continue to drink despite drinking-related problems) to alleviate negative affect (e.g., depression, anxiety) associated with discrimination. Yet, despite the social nature of both racial discrimination and drinking, no known research has examined the role of social anxiety in the relations among racial discrimination experiences and hazardous drinking. Method: …

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An Estrogen-Sensitive Hypothalamus-Midbrain Neural Circuit Controls Thermogenesis And Physical Activity, Hui Ye, Bing Feng, Chunmei Wang, Kenji Saito, Yongjie Yang, Lucas Ibrahimi, Sarah Schaul, Nirali Patel, Leslie Saenz, Pei Luo, Penghua Lai, Valeria Torres, Maya Kota, Devin Dixit, Xing Cai, Na Qu, Ilirjana Hyseni, Kaifan Yu, Yuwei Jiang, Qingchun Tong, Zheng Sun, Benjamin R. Arenkiel, Yanlin He, Pingwen Xu, Yong Xu Jan 2022

An Estrogen-Sensitive Hypothalamus-Midbrain Neural Circuit Controls Thermogenesis And Physical Activity, Hui Ye, Bing Feng, Chunmei Wang, Kenji Saito, Yongjie Yang, Lucas Ibrahimi, Sarah Schaul, Nirali Patel, Leslie Saenz, Pei Luo, Penghua Lai, Valeria Torres, Maya Kota, Devin Dixit, Xing Cai, Na Qu, Ilirjana Hyseni, Kaifan Yu, Yuwei Jiang, Qingchun Tong, Zheng Sun, Benjamin R. Arenkiel, Yanlin He, Pingwen Xu, Yong Xu

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Estrogen receptor–α (ERα) expressed by neurons in the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (ERαvlVMH) regulates body weight in females, but the downstream neural circuits mediating this biology remain largely unknown. Here we identified a neural circuit mediating the metabolic effects of ERαvlVMH neurons. We found that selective activation of ERαvlVMH neurons stimulated brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, physical activity, and core temperature and that ERαvlVMH neurons provide monosynaptic glutamatergic inputs to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Notably, the ERαvlVMH → DRN circuit responds to changes in ambient temperature and nutritional states. We further showed …

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Effects Of A Short-Term Cold Exposure On Circulating Micrornas And Metabolic Parameters In Healthy Adult Subjects, Marc Thibonnier, Sujoy Ghosh, Anne Blanchard Jan 2022

Effects Of A Short-Term Cold Exposure On Circulating Micrornas And Metabolic Parameters In Healthy Adult Subjects, Marc Thibonnier, Sujoy Ghosh, Anne Blanchard

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

This discovery study investigated in healthy subjects whether a short-term cold exposure may alter circulating microRNAs and metabolic parameters and if co-expression networks between these factors could be identified. This open randomized crossover (cold vs no cold exposure) study with blind end- point evaluation was conducted at 1 center with 10 healthy adult male volunteers. Wearing a cooling vest perfused at 14°C for 2 h reduced the local skin temperature without triggering shivering, increased norepinephrine and blood pressure while decreasing copeptin, C-peptide and heart rate. Circulating microRNAs measured before and after wearing the cooling vest twice (4 time points) identified …

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Monitoring Leaf Phenology In Moist Tropical Forests By Applying A Superpixel-Based Deep Learning Method To Time-Series Images Of Tree Canopies, Guangqin Song, Shengbiao Wu, Calvin K.F. Lee, Shawn P. Serbin, Brett T. Wolfe, Michael K. Ng, Kim S. Ely, Marc Bogonovich, Jing Wang, Ziyu Lin, Scott Saleska, Bruce W. Nelson, Alistair Rogers, Jin Wu Jan 2022

Monitoring Leaf Phenology In Moist Tropical Forests By Applying A Superpixel-Based Deep Learning Method To Time-Series Images Of Tree Canopies, Guangqin Song, Shengbiao Wu, Calvin K.F. Lee, Shawn P. Serbin, Brett T. Wolfe, Michael K. Ng, Kim S. Ely, Marc Bogonovich, Jing Wang, Ziyu Lin, Scott Saleska, Bruce W. Nelson, Alistair Rogers, Jin Wu

Faculty Publications

Tropical leaf phenology—particularly its variability at the tree-crown scale—dominates the seasonality of carbon and water fluxes. However, given enormous species diversity, accurate means of monitoring leaf phenology in tropical forests is still lacking. Time series of the Green Chromatic Coordinate (GCC) metric derived from tower-based red–greenblue (RGB) phenocams have been widely used to monitor leaf phenology in temperate forests, but its application in the tropics remains problematic. To improve monitoring of tropical phenology, we explored the use of a deep learning model (i.e. superpixel-based Residual Networks 50, SP-ResNet50) to automatically differentiate leaves from non-leaves in phenocam images and to derive …

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Dietary Considerations For Postmenopausal Women, Kara L. Marlatt, Linda A. Gilmore, Emily W. Flanagan, Leanne M. Redman Jan 2022

Dietary Considerations For Postmenopausal Women, Kara L. Marlatt, Linda A. Gilmore, Emily W. Flanagan, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Midlife women commonly experience changes in cardiometabolic, physical, and psychosocial health because of menopause. Importantly, these health changes can negatively affect the overall quality of life. Specifically, women experience changes in metabolism and weight gain (particularly abdominal fat), bothersome vasomotor symptoms (i.e., hot flashes and night sweats), sleep disturbances, mood swings, and reduced bone health. Women may also experience social isolation, loneliness, and changes in gastrointestinal health, which can further reduce their quality of life. In this chapter, we summarize these important health changes and discuss various dietary and lifestyle considerations that healthcare professionals can employ to help their patients …

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The Complicated Relationship Between Dieting, Dietary Restraint, Caloric Restriction, And Eating Disorders: Is A Shift In Public Health Messaging Warranted?, Tiffany M. Stewart, Corby K. Martin, Donald A. Williamson Jan 2022

The Complicated Relationship Between Dieting, Dietary Restraint, Caloric Restriction, And Eating Disorders: Is A Shift In Public Health Messaging Warranted?, Tiffany M. Stewart, Corby K. Martin, Donald A. Williamson

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

The origins of theories specifying dietary restraint as a cause of eating disorders can be traced to the 1970s. This paper will present an overview of the origins of dietary restraint theories and a brief historical review of evidence will be summarized. Recent research will be presented, including the results from the CALERIE Phase 1 study, as well as CALERIE Phase 2, which were NIH-sponsored randomized controlled trials. CALERIE 2 provided a test of the effect of two years of caloric restriction (CR) on the development of eating disorder syndromes and symptoms in comparison to a control group that did …

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Deriving Tree Growth Models From Stand Models Based On The Selfthinning Rule Of Chinese Fir Plantations, Xiongqing Zhang, Quang V. Cao, Yancheng Qu, Jianguo Zhang Jan 2022

Deriving Tree Growth Models From Stand Models Based On The Selfthinning Rule Of Chinese Fir Plantations, Xiongqing Zhang, Quang V. Cao, Yancheng Qu, Jianguo Zhang

Faculty Publications

Self-thinning due to density-dependent mortality usually occurs during the forest development. To improve predictions of such processes during forest successions under climate change, reliable stand-level models are needed. In this study, we developed an integrated system of tree-and stand-level models by deriving tree diameter and survival models from stand growth and survival models based on climate-sensitive self-thinning rule of Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China. The resulting integrated system, having a unified mathematical structure, should provide consistent estimates at both tree and stand levels. Predictions were reasonable at both stand and tree levels. Because stand-level values aggregated from the tree …

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Association Of Night-Time Screen-Viewing With Adolescents’ Diet, Sleep, Weight Status, And Adiposity, Chelsea L. Kracht, Jordan Gracie Wilburn, Stephanie T. Broyles, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Amanda E. Staiano Jan 2022

Association Of Night-Time Screen-Viewing With Adolescents’ Diet, Sleep, Weight Status, And Adiposity, Chelsea L. Kracht, Jordan Gracie Wilburn, Stephanie T. Broyles, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Amanda E. Staiano

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Night-time screen-viewing (SV) contributes to inadequate sleep and poor diet, and subse-quently excess weight. Adolescents may use many devices at night, which can provide additional night-time SV. Purpose: To identify night-time SV patterns, and describe differences in diet, sleep, weight status, and adiposity between patterns in a cross-sectional and longitudinal manner. Methods: Adolescents (10–16 y) reported devices they viewed at night and completed food recalls. Accelerome-try, anthropometrics, and imaging were conducted to measure sleep, weight status, and adiposity, respectively. Latent class analysis was performed to identify night-time SV clusters. Linear regression analysis was used to examine associations between clusters with …

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Nutritional Status: An Overview Of Methods For Assessment, Catherine M. Champagne Jan 2022

Nutritional Status: An Overview Of Methods For Assessment, Catherine M. Champagne

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

For a number of medical conditions as well as weight status, an assessment of nutritional status can provide valuable information to direct treatment efforts. In the context of the seemingly constant increase in obesity, it is more important than ever to assess these individuals in the healthcare setting. A thorough nutrition assessment will enable the healthcare professional to craft a treatment plan that includes reduction of energy intake and/or increased physical activity to encourage weight loss. Efforts to do this successfully are not without challenges in the determination of dietary intakes since there does not appear now, or perhaps ever, …

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Physical Fitness Spurts In Pre-Adolescent Boys And Girls: Timing, Intensity And Sequencing, Sara Pereira, Carla Santos, Go Tani, Duarte Freitas, Fernando Garbeloto, Eduardo Guimarães, Leah E. Robinson, Adam Baxter-Jones, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia Jan 2022

Physical Fitness Spurts In Pre-Adolescent Boys And Girls: Timing, Intensity And Sequencing, Sara Pereira, Carla Santos, Go Tani, Duarte Freitas, Fernando Garbeloto, Eduardo Guimarães, Leah E. Robinson, Adam Baxter-Jones, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

We aim to (1) estimate age of attainment of the peak mid-growth spurt in stature (age-at-peak MGS) in pre-adolescent boys and girls; (2) identify the timing, intensity, and sequences of physical fitness (PF) spurts aligned by the age-at-peak MGS; and (3) identify any sex differences in PF spurts aligned by age-at-peak MGS. The sample included 180 Portuguese children (90 girls) aged 6 to 10 years at study entry who were followed annually for 4 years. Height, health-, and performance-related PF were assessed. Age-at-peak MGS and PF spurts were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical procedure. Boys’ and girls’ age-at-peak MGS occurred …

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Perceptions Of Purpose, Cohesion, And Military Leadership: A Path Analysis Of Potential Primary Prevention Targets To Mitigate Suicidal Ideation, Benjamin Trachik, Emma H. Moscardini, Michelle L. Ganulin, Jen L. Mcdonald, Ashlee B. Mckeon, Raymond P. Tucker, Walter J. Sowden, Walter J. Sowden Jan 2022

Perceptions Of Purpose, Cohesion, And Military Leadership: A Path Analysis Of Potential Primary Prevention Targets To Mitigate Suicidal Ideation, Benjamin Trachik, Emma H. Moscardini, Michelle L. Ganulin, Jen L. Mcdonald, Ashlee B. Mckeon, Raymond P. Tucker, Walter J. Sowden, Walter J. Sowden

Faculty Publications

Rates of suicide in the US Army continue to rise, and by some accounts exceed the general population. This increase has renewed efforts to identify protective factors that may inform novel suicide prevention strategies. Previous research has demonstrated that a sense of purpose in life and perceived cohesion with military peers are related to a reduction in the severity of suicidal ideation (SI). Additionally, research in military samples supports decreased SI in Soldiers who endorse that their leaders convey a sense of purpose and meaning in their shared mission. However, no work has investigated whether these leadership styles relate to …

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Effects Of Maternal Diabetes And Diet On Gene Expression In The Murine Placenta, Claudia Kappen, Claudia Kruger, J. Michael Salbaum Jan 2022

Effects Of Maternal Diabetes And Diet On Gene Expression In The Murine Placenta, Claudia Kappen, Claudia Kruger, J. Michael Salbaum

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Adverse exposures during pregnancy have been shown to contribute to susceptibility for chronic diseases in offspring. Maternal diabetes during pregnancy is associated with higher risk of pregnancy complications, structural birth defects, and cardiometabolic health impairments later in life. We showed previously in a mouse model that the placenta is smaller in diabetic pregnancies, with reduced size of the junctional zone and labyrinth. In addition, cell migration is impaired, resulting in ectopic accumulation of spongiotrophoblasts within the labyrinth. The present study had the goal to identify the mechanisms underlying the growth defects and trophoblast migration abnormalities. Based upon gene expression assays …

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Insulin Resistance Persists Despite A Metabolically Healthy Obesity Phenotype, Kristin K. Hoddy, Christopher L. Axelrod, Jacob T. Mey, Adithya Hari, Robbie A. Beyl, Jourdan B. Blair, Wagner S. Dantas, John P. Kirwan Jan 2022

Insulin Resistance Persists Despite A Metabolically Healthy Obesity Phenotype, Kristin K. Hoddy, Christopher L. Axelrod, Jacob T. Mey, Adithya Hari, Robbie A. Beyl, Jourdan B. Blair, Wagner S. Dantas, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Objective: Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is often defined as the absence of metabolic syndrome in the presence of obesity. However, phenotypic features of MHO are unclear. Insulin sensitivity in MHO was cross-sectionally compared with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) and a reference group of young healthy participants without obesity. Methods: Sedentary adults (n = 96) undergoing anthropometric, blood chemistries, maximal aerobic capacity, and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp measurements were classified by BMI (< 25 and ≥30 kg/m2). MUO was defined as having obesity with metabolic syndrome (≥2 additional risk factors). Data were analyzed using a linear mixed models approach. Results: Body weight was similar between MHO and MUO. Body fat (percentage) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher (p < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin were lower in MHO versus MUO (p < 0.03, all). The MHO group also had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and insulin compared with the reference. Both the MHO and MUO groups displayed impaired insulin sensitivity compared with the reference control (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Participants with MHO had distinct clinical measures related to hypertension, lipid metabolism, and glycemic control compared with a healthy reference group. Peripheral insulin resistance in obesity independent of metabolic status portends increased risk for type 2 diabetes in the MHO patient population.

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Increased Alveolar Epithelial Traf6 Via Autophagy-Dependent Trim37 Degradation Mediates Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Metastasis, Jiajun Liu, Shumin Li, Xuefeng Fei, Xi Nan, Yingying Shen, Huiqing Xiu, Stephania A. Cormier, Chaojie Lu, Chuqi Guo, Shibo Wang, Zhijian Cai, Pingli Wang Jan 2022

Increased Alveolar Epithelial Traf6 Via Autophagy-Dependent Trim37 Degradation Mediates Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Metastasis, Jiajun Liu, Shumin Li, Xuefeng Fei, Xi Nan, Yingying Shen, Huiqing Xiu, Stephania A. Cormier, Chaojie Lu, Chuqi Guo, Shibo Wang, Zhijian Cai, Pingli Wang

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated the central role of PM-induced neutrophil recruitment in promoting lung cancer metastasis. We found that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated alveolar epithelial macroautophagy/autophagy was essential for initiating neutrophil chemotaxis and pre-metastatic niche formation in the lungs in response to PM exposure. During PM-induced autophagy, the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM37 was degraded and protected TRAF6 from proteasomal degradation in lung epithelial cells, which promoted the NFKB-dependent production of chemokines to …

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