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Discovery And Fine-Mapping Of Adiposity Loci Using High Density Imputation Of Genome-Wide Association Studies In Individuals Of African Ancestry: African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium, Maggie C.Y. Ng, Mariaelisa Graff, Yingchang Lu, Anne E. Justice, Poorva Mudgal, Ching Ti Liu, Kristin Young, Lisa R. Yanek, Mary F. Feitosa, Mary K. Wojczynski, Kristin Rand, Jennifer A. Brody, Brian E. Cade, Latchezar Dimitrov, Qing Duan, Xiuqing Guo, Leslie A. Lange, Michael A. Nalls, Hayrettin Okut, Salman M. Tajuddin, Bamidele O. Tayo, Sailaja Vedantam, Jonathan P. Bradfield, Guanjie Chen, Wei Min Chen, Alessandra Chesi, Marguerite R. Irvin, Badri Padhukasahasram, Jennifer A. Smith, Wei Zheng, Matthew A. Allison, Christine B. Ambrosone, Elisa V. Bandera Apr 2017

Discovery And Fine-Mapping Of Adiposity Loci Using High Density Imputation Of Genome-Wide Association Studies In Individuals Of African Ancestry: African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium, Maggie C.Y. Ng, Mariaelisa Graff, Yingchang Lu, Anne E. Justice, Poorva Mudgal, Ching Ti Liu, Kristin Young, Lisa R. Yanek, Mary F. Feitosa, Mary K. Wojczynski, Kristin Rand, Jennifer A. Brody, Brian E. Cade, Latchezar Dimitrov, Qing Duan, Xiuqing Guo, Leslie A. Lange, Michael A. Nalls, Hayrettin Okut, Salman M. Tajuddin, Bamidele O. Tayo, Sailaja Vedantam, Jonathan P. Bradfield, Guanjie Chen, Wei Min Chen, Alessandra Chesi, Marguerite R. Irvin, Badri Padhukasahasram, Jennifer A. Smith, Wei Zheng, Matthew A. Allison, Christine B. Ambrosone, Elisa V. Bandera

Faculty Publications

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >300 loci associated with measures of adiposity including body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), but few have been identified through screening of the African ancestry genomes. We performed large scale meta-analyses and replications in up to 52,895 individuals for BMI and up to 23,095 individuals for WHRadjBMIfrom the African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium (AAAGC) using 1000 Genomes phase 1 imputed GWAS to improve coverage of both common and low frequency variants in the low linkage disequilibrium African ancestry genomes. In the sex-combined analyses, we identified one novel locus (TCF7L2/HABP2) …

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Influence Of Nutrient Availability And Sediment Supply On Productivity Of Spartina Patens, Shannon Matzke Apr 2017

Influence Of Nutrient Availability And Sediment Supply On Productivity Of Spartina Patens, Shannon Matzke

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Insights Into Stat5 Biology, Taylor Millar Apr 2017

Insights Into Stat5 Biology, Taylor Millar

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Urban Soils In Response To Flooding, Katherine Henry Apr 2017

Urban Soils In Response To Flooding, Katherine Henry

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Comparing Attitudes And Perceptions Of Adolescent Mothers With Older Mothers, Lindsey Nicole Landry Apr 2017

Comparing Attitudes And Perceptions Of Adolescent Mothers With Older Mothers, Lindsey Nicole Landry

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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The Persistence Of Hunger: A Sociological Look At How And Why Food Insecurity Exists In The United States, Sarah Katelynn Corie Apr 2017

The Persistence Of Hunger: A Sociological Look At How And Why Food Insecurity Exists In The United States, Sarah Katelynn Corie

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Arthropod Diversity And Functional Importance In Old-Growth Forests Of North America, Timothy Schowalter Mar 2017

Arthropod Diversity And Functional Importance In Old-Growth Forests Of North America, Timothy Schowalter

Faculty Publications

Old-growth forests have become rare in North America but provide habitat for unique assemblages of species that often are rare in younger forests. Insects and related arthropods reach their highest diversity in old-growth forests because of their stable moderate temperature and relative humidity and the rich variety of resources represented by high plant species richness and structural complexity. Old-growth arthropod assemblages typically are distinct from those in younger, managed forests. Major subcommunities include the arboreal community that is composed of a rich assemblage of herbivores, fungivores, and their associated predators and parasitoids that function to regulate primary production and nutrient …

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Developing Consensus Measures For Global Programs: Lessons From The Global Alliance For Chronic Diseases Hypertension Research Program, Michaela A. Riddell, Nancy Edwards, Simon R. Thompson, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Devarsetty Praveen, Claire Johnson, Andre P. Kengne, Peter Liu, Tara Mccready, Eleanor Ng, Robby Nieuwlaat, Bruce Ovbiagele, Mayowa Owolabi, David Peiris, Amanda G. Thrift, Sheldon Tobe, Khalid Yusoff, Anniza De Villiers, Feng He, Graham Macgregor, Stephen Jan, Bruce Neal, Clara Chow, Rohina Joshi, Stephen Macmahon, Anushka Patel, Anthony Rodgers, Ruth Webster, Ng Kien Keat, Amir Attaran, Edward Mills, Katherine Muldoon, Sanni Yaya Mar 2017

Developing Consensus Measures For Global Programs: Lessons From The Global Alliance For Chronic Diseases Hypertension Research Program, Michaela A. Riddell, Nancy Edwards, Simon R. Thompson, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Devarsetty Praveen, Claire Johnson, Andre P. Kengne, Peter Liu, Tara Mccready, Eleanor Ng, Robby Nieuwlaat, Bruce Ovbiagele, Mayowa Owolabi, David Peiris, Amanda G. Thrift, Sheldon Tobe, Khalid Yusoff, Anniza De Villiers, Feng He, Graham Macgregor, Stephen Jan, Bruce Neal, Clara Chow, Rohina Joshi, Stephen Macmahon, Anushka Patel, Anthony Rodgers, Ruth Webster, Ng Kien Keat, Amir Attaran, Edward Mills, Katherine Muldoon, Sanni Yaya

Faculty Publications

Background: The imperative to improve global health has prompted transnational research partnerships to investigate common health issues on a larger scale. The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) is an alliance of national research funding agencies. To enhance research funded by GACD members, this study aimed to standardise data collection methods across the 15 GACD hypertension research teams and evaluate the uptake of these standardised measurements. Furthermore we describe concerns and difficulties associated with the data harmonisation process highlighted and debated during annual meetings of the GACD funded investigators. With these concerns and issues in mind, a working group comprising …

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Simultaneous Delivery Of Antibiotics Neomycin And Ampicillin In Drinking Water Inhibits Fermentation Of Resistant Starch In Rats, Diana G. Carvajal-Aldaz, Justin L. Guice, Ryan C. Page, Anne M. Raggio, Roy J. Martin, Claudia Husseneder, Holiday A. Durham, James Geaghan, Marlene Janes, Ted Gauthier, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan Mar 2017

Simultaneous Delivery Of Antibiotics Neomycin And Ampicillin In Drinking Water Inhibits Fermentation Of Resistant Starch In Rats, Diana G. Carvajal-Aldaz, Justin L. Guice, Ryan C. Page, Anne M. Raggio, Roy J. Martin, Claudia Husseneder, Holiday A. Durham, James Geaghan, Marlene Janes, Ted Gauthier, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Scope: Antibiotics ampicillin 1 g/L and neomycin 0.5 g/L were added to drinking water before or during feeding of resistant starch (RS) to rats to inhibit fermentation. Methods and results: In a preliminary study, antibiotics and no RS were given prior to rats receiving a transplant of cecal contents via gavage from donor rats fed RS (without antibiotics) or a water gavage before feeding resistant starch to both groups. Antibiotics given prior to feeding RS did not prevent later fermentation of RS regardless of either type of gavage. In the second …

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Association Between Famacha Scores And Fecal Egg Counts In Katahdin Lambs, D. R. Notter, J. M. Burke, J. E. Miller, J. L.M. Morgan Mar 2017

Association Between Famacha Scores And Fecal Egg Counts In Katahdin Lambs, D. R. Notter, J. M. Burke, J. E. Miller, J. L.M. Morgan

Faculty Publications

© 2017 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. The FAMACHA system was introduced to the U.S. just over 10 yr ago to allow selective deworming of lambs with anemia associated with Haemonchus contortus and retard the development of anthelmintic resistance. The FAMACHA system was initially developed as a predictor of packed cell volume (PCV), but correlations between FAMACHA and fecal egg counts (FEC) have also been reported. It is important to understand factors that influence FAMACHA scores among farms to improve management of gastrointestinal nematodes. The objectives of this study were therefore to quantify associations between FAMACHA scores, …

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Simultaneous Delivery Of Antibiotics Neomycin And Ampicillin In Drinking Water Inhibits Fermentation Of Resistant Starch In Rats, Diana G. Carvajal-Aldaz, Justin L. Guice, Ryan C. Page, Anne M. Raggio, Roy J. Martin, Claudia Husseneder, Holiday A. Durham, James Geaghan, Marlene Janes, Ted Gauthier, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan Mar 2017

Simultaneous Delivery Of Antibiotics Neomycin And Ampicillin In Drinking Water Inhibits Fermentation Of Resistant Starch In Rats, Diana G. Carvajal-Aldaz, Justin L. Guice, Ryan C. Page, Anne M. Raggio, Roy J. Martin, Claudia Husseneder, Holiday A. Durham, James Geaghan, Marlene Janes, Ted Gauthier, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Scope: Antibiotics ampicillin 1 g/L and neomycin 0.5 g/L were added to drinking water before or during feeding of resistant starch (RS) to rats to inhibit fermentation. Methods and results: In a preliminary study, antibiotics and no RS were given prior to rats receiving a transplant of cecal contents via gavage from donor rats fed RS (without antibiotics) or a water gavage before feeding resistant starch to both groups. Antibiotics given prior to feeding RS did not prevent later fermentation of RS regardless of either type of gavage. In the second …

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Factors Affecting The Ovarian Response To A Combined Estradiol-Sulpiride Treatment In Seasonally Anovulatory Mares, Erin L. Oberhaus, Donald L. Thompson, Carolyn K. Pham Mar 2017

Factors Affecting The Ovarian Response To A Combined Estradiol-Sulpiride Treatment In Seasonally Anovulatory Mares, Erin L. Oberhaus, Donald L. Thompson, Carolyn K. Pham

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. Twenty-three seasonally anovulatory mares, housed at two separate farms, were treated with 50 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP) and 3 g of sulpiride in January to study factors that contributed to success of the treatment (response = ovulation within 28 days). Every other day, blood samples and pretreatment secretagogue challenges were used to characterize prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin-like growth factor-I, leptin, and insulin concentrations. Ovaries of each mare were scanned via ultrasound regularly until detection of a 32–35 mm follicle, at which time the mare was artificially inseminated. Prolactin was stimulated in all treated mares …

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Influence Of Varroa Mite (Varroa Destructor) Management Practices On Insecticide Sensitivity In The Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera), Frank D. Rinkevich, Robert G. Danka, Kristen B. Healy Mar 2017

Influence Of Varroa Mite (Varroa Destructor) Management Practices On Insecticide Sensitivity In The Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera), Frank D. Rinkevich, Robert G. Danka, Kristen B. Healy

Faculty Publications

Since Varroa mites may cause devastating losses of honey bees through direct feeding, transmitting diseases, and increasing pathogen susceptibility, chemical and mechanical practices commonly are used to reduce mite infestation. While miticide applications are typically the most consistent and efficacious Varroa mite management method, miticide-induced insecticide synergism in honey bees, and the evolution of resistance in Varroa mites are reasonable concerns. We treated colonies with the miticide amitraz (Apivar®), used IPM practices, or left some colonies untreated, and then measured the effect of different levels of mite infestations on the sensitivity of bees to phenothrin, amitraz, and clothianidin. Sensitivity to …

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Dynamic Changes In Death Cues Modulate Risks And Rewards Of Corpse Management In A Social Insect, Qian Sun, Kenneth F. Haynes, Xuguo Zhou Mar 2017

Dynamic Changes In Death Cues Modulate Risks And Rewards Of Corpse Management In A Social Insect, Qian Sun, Kenneth F. Haynes, Xuguo Zhou

Faculty Publications

In social insects, the efficiency of exploitation of resources and colony defence are mediated by chemical communication. In colonies dependent on nutritionally limited resources, corpses represent both a food resource and a risk of pathogens. Because this risk vs. reward changes with time after death, behavioural plasticity in the response to corpses would be advantageous. How social insects regulate this trade-off remains unknown. We conducted quantitative behavioural bioassay and chemical analysis to study corpse management in the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes. We hypothesized that R. flavipes responds differently towards corpses with prolonged post-mortem time, and this behavioural plasticity is …

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Biogeography Of A Plant Invasion: Genetic Variation And Plasticity In Latitudinal Clines For Traits Related To Herbivory, Ganesh P. Bhattarai, Laura A. Meyerson, Jack Anderson, David Cummings, Warwick J. Allen, James T. Cronin Feb 2017

Biogeography Of A Plant Invasion: Genetic Variation And Plasticity In Latitudinal Clines For Traits Related To Herbivory, Ganesh P. Bhattarai, Laura A. Meyerson, Jack Anderson, David Cummings, Warwick J. Allen, James T. Cronin

Faculty Publications

© 2016 by the Ecological Society of America. The juxtaposition of plant-species invasions with latitudinal gradients in herbivore pressure is an important yet mostly unexplored issue in invasion biology. Latitudinal clines in defense and palatability to herbivores are expected to exist in native plant species but the evolution of these clines may lag behind for invasive plant species resulting in non-parallel latitudinal clines that may impact invasion success. Our study focused on a native and European invasive lineages of the common reed Phragmites australis in North America. Using native and invasive genotypes of P. australis collected across a 17° latitudinal …

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Bacteria Associated With Piezodorus Guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), With Special Reference To Those Transmitted By Feeding, Claudia Husseneder, Jong Seok Park, Andrea Howells, Chinmay V. Tikhe, Jeffrey A. Davis Feb 2017

Bacteria Associated With Piezodorus Guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), With Special Reference To Those Transmitted By Feeding, Claudia Husseneder, Jong Seok Park, Andrea Howells, Chinmay V. Tikhe, Jeffrey A. Davis

Faculty Publications

The redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is a rapidly growing pest damaging southern US agriculture. Pentatomid stink bugs are known to vector bacterial, fungal, and viral plant diseases. However, bacteria associated with redbanded stink bugs and their vector potential have not yet been assessed. In this study, we 1) cultured and identified bacteria transmitted by feeding of redbanded stink bug and 2) described bacteria from guts of redbanded stink bug individuals using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Nineteen bacteria transmitted by feeding of redbanded stink bug on soybean agar were isolated and identified via Sanger …

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Diabetes Prevalence Is Associated With Different Community Factors In The Diabetes Belt Versus The Rest Of The United States, Candice A. Myers, Tim Slack, Stephanie T. Broyles, Steven B. Heymsfield, Timothy S. Church, Corby K. Martin Feb 2017

Diabetes Prevalence Is Associated With Different Community Factors In The Diabetes Belt Versus The Rest Of The United States, Candice A. Myers, Tim Slack, Stephanie T. Broyles, Steven B. Heymsfield, Timothy S. Church, Corby K. Martin

Faculty Publications

Objective: To investigate differences in community characteristics associated with diabetes prevalence between the Diabetes Belt and the rest of the contiguous United States (U.S.). Methods: County-level adult diabetes prevalence estimates (i.e., percent of people [≥20 years] with diagnosed diabetes 2009) were used from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in addition to data from the U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, to carry out a spatial regime analysis to identify county-level factors correlated with diabetes prevalence in the Diabetes Belt versus the remainder of the U.S. Results: Counties outside of …

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Development Of A Combined Osmotic Dehydration And Cryogenic Freezing Process For Minimizing Quality Changes During Freezing With Application To Fruits And Vegetables, Juan Li, Arranee Chotiko, Emmanuel Kyereh, Jie Zhang, Chen Liu, Vondel Vandeker Reyes Ortega, David Bankston, Subramaniam Sathivel Feb 2017

Development Of A Combined Osmotic Dehydration And Cryogenic Freezing Process For Minimizing Quality Changes During Freezing With Application To Fruits And Vegetables, Juan Li, Arranee Chotiko, Emmanuel Kyereh, Jie Zhang, Chen Liu, Vondel Vandeker Reyes Ortega, David Bankston, Subramaniam Sathivel

Faculty Publications

The effect of a combined osmo-dehydro-cryogenic-freezing process on quality characteristics of fruits and vegetables was evaluated. Cut-tomato-pieces were used as a model vegetable to evaluate the process. Tomatoes had 15.74% water loss and 0.22% solids gain after 24 h of osmotic dehydration in a 55% (w/w) maltodextrin solution at 35C, and increased redness was observed in osmotically dehydrated samples with lycopene content of 1244.78 µg/g of dry mass. Under liquid nitrogen cryogenic freezing at −40C osmotic pretreated tomato samples had shorter freezing time (3.13 min) and higher freezing rate (16.53C/min) than untreated samples (4.48 min and 11.58C/min, respectively). Pretreated-thawed tomato …

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Not-From-Concentrate Blueberry Juice Extraction Utilizing Frozen Fruit, Heated Mash, And Enzyme Processes, Rebecca E. Stein-Chisholm, John W. Finley, Jack N. Losso, John C. Beaulieu Feb 2017

Not-From-Concentrate Blueberry Juice Extraction Utilizing Frozen Fruit, Heated Mash, And Enzyme Processes, Rebecca E. Stein-Chisholm, John W. Finley, Jack N. Losso, John C. Beaulieu

Faculty Publications

Juice production is a multibillion dollar industry and an economical way to use fruit past seasonal harvests. To evaluate how production steps influence not-from-concentrate (NFC) blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) juice recovery, bench top and pilot scale experiments were performed. In bench-top, southern highbush (SHB) blueberry (Vaccinium darrowii × Vaccinium corymbosum) and rabbiteye blueberry (RAB) (Vaccinium ashei) were pressed at varying temperatures. Press treatments included ambient temperature, frozen then thawed, and frozen then heated berries. In addition, two commercial pectinase enzymes were evaluated. Three batches were pressed and average juice recovery was calculated. The highest average free juice recovery (68.8% ± 1.1%) …

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A Model For The Ergosterol Biosynthetic Pathway In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Kristy M. Brumfield, Susan M. Laborde, James V. Moroney Jan 2017

A Model For The Ergosterol Biosynthetic Pathway In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Kristy M. Brumfield, Susan M. Laborde, James V. Moroney

Faculty Publications

© 2017 British Phycological Society. Ergosterol and 7-dehydroporiferasterol are the predominant sterols in the membranes of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard. Ergosterol is primarily found in most fungi, which produce their end-product sterols by way of the intermediate lanosterol. In contrast, plants rarely make ergosterol and plant sterols are made via the intermediate cycloartenol. The cycloartenol-lanosterol bifurcation has been used as a means to evolutionarily categorize species based on their sterol production. Use of bioinformatics has revealed that the green alga, C. reinhardtii is probably producing sterols using a pathway very similar to that of higher plants. The Chlamydomonas genome …

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Seaside Sparrows Reveal Contrasting Food Web Responses To Large-Scale Stressors In Coastal Louisiana Saltmarshes, J A. Olin, C M. Burns, S Woltmann, S S. Taylor, J A. Olin, W Bam, L Hooper-Bui, R. Eugene Turner Jan 2017

Seaside Sparrows Reveal Contrasting Food Web Responses To Large-Scale Stressors In Coastal Louisiana Saltmarshes, J A. Olin, C M. Burns, S Woltmann, S S. Taylor, J A. Olin, W Bam, L Hooper-Bui, R. Eugene Turner

Faculty Publications

Large-scale ecosystem disturbances can alter the flow of energy through food webs, but such processes are not well defined for Gulf of Mexico saltmarsh ecosystems vulnerable to multiple interacting stressors. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill significantly affected the composition of terrestrial saltmarsh communities in Louisiana, and thus had the potential to alter energy pathways through terrestrial and aquatic food webs, with direct consequences for higher trophic-level species restricted to these habitats. The Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus) is endemic to saltmarshes and relies completely on the habitat and resources they provide; thus, the sparrows can serve as indicators of …

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Androgen Receptor Agonists Increase Lean Mass, Improve Cardiopulmonary Functions And Extend Survival In Preclinical Models Of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Suriyan Ponnusamy, Ryan D. Sullivan, Dahui You, Nadeem Zafar, Chuan He Yang, Thirumagal Thiyagarajan, Daniel L. Johnson, Maron L. Barrett, Nikki J. Koehler, Mayra Star, Erin J. Stephenson, Dave Bridges, Stephania A. Cormier, Lawrence M. Pfeffer, Ramesh Narayanan Jan 2017

Androgen Receptor Agonists Increase Lean Mass, Improve Cardiopulmonary Functions And Extend Survival In Preclinical Models Of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Suriyan Ponnusamy, Ryan D. Sullivan, Dahui You, Nadeem Zafar, Chuan He Yang, Thirumagal Thiyagarajan, Daniel L. Johnson, Maron L. Barrett, Nikki J. Koehler, Mayra Star, Erin J. Stephenson, Dave Bridges, Stephania A. Cormier, Lawrence M. Pfeffer, Ramesh Narayanan

Faculty Publications

© The Author 2017. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease that predominantly affects boys as a result of mutation(s) in the dystrophin gene. DMD is characterized by musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary complications, resulting in shorter life-span. Boys afflicted by DMD typically exhibit symptoms within 3-5 years of age and declining physical functions before attaining puberty. We hypothesized that rapidly deteriorating health of pre-pubertal boys with DMD could be due to diminished anabolic actions of androgens in muscle, and that intervention with an androgen receptor (AR) agonist will reverse musculoskeletal complications and extend survival. While castration of dystrophin and utrophin …

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Longitudinal Analysis Of A Diversity Support Program In Biology: A National Call For Further Assessment, Cissy J. Ballen, Nicholas A. Mason Jan 2017

Longitudinal Analysis Of A Diversity Support Program In Biology: A National Call For Further Assessment, Cissy J. Ballen, Nicholas A. Mason

Faculty Publications

© The Author(s) 2017. National calls to improve the performance and persistence of students from historically underrepresented backgrounds in science have led to a surge of research on inclusive, evidence-based teaching methods. Less work has revealed the effects of diversity support initiatives that improve campus climate and community cohesion. Here, we examine whether participation in the Biology Scholars Program (BSP) at Cornell University-a diversity support program at a prominent university-affects underrepresented racial minority (URM) student performance. We found that BSP participants are less academically prepared when they enter college but typically have GPAs similar to those of their non-BSP counterparts …

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Obese Zdf Rats Fermented Resistant Starch With Effects On Gut Microbiota But No Reduction In Abdominal Fat, Felicia Goldsmith, Justin Guice, Ryan Page, David A. Welsh, Christopher M. Taylor, Eugene E. Blanchard, Meng Luo, Anne M. Raggio, Rhett W. Stout, Diana Carvajal-Aldaz, Amanda Gaither, Christine Pelkman, Jianping Ye, Roy J. Martin, James Geaghan, Holiday A. Durham, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan Jan 2017

Obese Zdf Rats Fermented Resistant Starch With Effects On Gut Microbiota But No Reduction In Abdominal Fat, Felicia Goldsmith, Justin Guice, Ryan Page, David A. Welsh, Christopher M. Taylor, Eugene E. Blanchard, Meng Luo, Anne M. Raggio, Rhett W. Stout, Diana Carvajal-Aldaz, Amanda Gaither, Christine Pelkman, Jianping Ye, Roy J. Martin, James Geaghan, Holiday A. Durham, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Scope: To determine if whole-grain (WG) flour with resistant starch (RS) will produce greater fermentation than isolated RS in obese Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, and whether greater fermentation results in different microbiota, reduced abdominal fat, and increased insulin sensitivity. Methods and results: This study utilized four groups fed diets made with either isolated digestible control starch, WG control flour (6.9% RS), isolated RS-rich corn starch (25% RS), or WG corn flour (25% RS). ZDF rats fermented RS and RS-rich WG flour to greatest extent among groups. High-RS groups had increased …

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Factors Affecting Fecal Egg Counts In Periparturient Katahdin Ewes And Their Lambs, D. R. Notter, J. M. Burke, J. E. Miller, J. L.M. Morgan Jan 2017

Factors Affecting Fecal Egg Counts In Periparturient Katahdin Ewes And Their Lambs, D. R. Notter, J. M. Burke, J. E. Miller, J. L.M. Morgan

Faculty Publications

© 2017 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. Selection for low fecal egg counts (FEC) can be used to genetically enhance resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites in growing lambs, thereby reducing the frequency of use of anthelmintics, facilitating marketing of organic lamb, and reducing the risk of development of anthelmintic resistance by the parasite. Recording of FEC in lambs has, therefore, been incorporated into several national sheep genetic evaluation programs. Ewes in late gestation and early lactation are also vulnerable to parasite infection and commonly experience a periparturient rise in FEC. This study was designed to assess factors …

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Season Progression, Ontogenesis, And Environment Affect Lespedeza Cuneata Herbage Condensed Tannin, Fiber, And Crude Protein Concentrations, James P. Muir, Thomas H. Terrill, Jorge A. Mosjidis, Jean Marie Luginbuhl, James E. Miller, Joan M. Burke, Samuel W. Coleman Jan 2017

Season Progression, Ontogenesis, And Environment Affect Lespedeza Cuneata Herbage Condensed Tannin, Fiber, And Crude Protein Concentrations, James P. Muir, Thomas H. Terrill, Jorge A. Mosjidis, Jean Marie Luginbuhl, James E. Miller, Joan M. Burke, Samuel W. Coleman

Faculty Publications

© Crop Science Society of America. Sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont de Courset) G. Don., SL] is a perennial, warm-season forage legume with wide adaptation, freeze tolerance, establishment ease, and persistence under grazing. It has high condensed tannin (CT) concentrations (g kg−1), which could be useful for methane mitigation and rumen bypass protein, as well as insect pest and gastro-intestinal nematode suppression. However, CT concentration is variable. Our objective was to test CT, crude protein (CP), and fiber concentrations at five locations (Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina, Louisiana, and Texas) during a growing season. Established ‘AU Grazer’ SL regrowth and accumulated …

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Obese Zdf Rats Fermented Resistant Starch With Effects On Gut Microbiota But No Reduction In Abdominal Fat, Felicia Goldsmith, Justin Guice, Ryan Page, David A. Welsh, Christopher M. Taylor, Eugene E. Blanchard, Meng Luo, Anne M. Raggio, Rhett W. Stout, Diana Carvajal-Aldaz, Amanda Gaither, Christine Pelkman, Jianping Ye, Roy J. Martin, James Geaghan, Holiday A. Durham, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan Jan 2017

Obese Zdf Rats Fermented Resistant Starch With Effects On Gut Microbiota But No Reduction In Abdominal Fat, Felicia Goldsmith, Justin Guice, Ryan Page, David A. Welsh, Christopher M. Taylor, Eugene E. Blanchard, Meng Luo, Anne M. Raggio, Rhett W. Stout, Diana Carvajal-Aldaz, Amanda Gaither, Christine Pelkman, Jianping Ye, Roy J. Martin, James Geaghan, Holiday A. Durham, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Scope: To determine if whole-grain (WG) flour with resistant starch (RS) will produce greater fermentation than isolated RS in obese Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, and whether greater fermentation results in different microbiota, reduced abdominal fat, and increased insulin sensitivity. Methods and results: This study utilized four groups fed diets made with either isolated digestible control starch, WG control flour (6.9% RS), isolated RS-rich corn starch (25% RS), or WG corn flour (25% RS). ZDF rats fermented RS and RS-rich WG flour to greatest extent among groups. High-RS groups had increased …

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Pomegranate Juice And Extract Extended Lifespan And Reduced Intestinal Fat Deposition In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Jolene Zheng, David Heber, Mingming Wang, Chenfei Gao, Steven B. Heymsfield, Roy J. Martin, Frank L. Greenway, John W. Finley, Jeffrey H. Burton, William D. Johnson, Frederick M. Enright, Michael J. Keenan, Zhaoping Li Jan 2017

Pomegranate Juice And Extract Extended Lifespan And Reduced Intestinal Fat Deposition In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Jolene Zheng, David Heber, Mingming Wang, Chenfei Gao, Steven B. Heymsfield, Roy J. Martin, Frank L. Greenway, John W. Finley, Jeffrey H. Burton, William D. Johnson, Frederick M. Enright, Michael J. Keenan, Zhaoping Li

Faculty Publications

© 2019 Hogrefe. Pomegranate juice with a high content of polyphenols, pomegranate extract, ellagic acid, and urolithin A, have anti-oxidant and anti-obesity effects in humans. Pomegranate juice extends lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) (n = 6) compared to the control group in each treatment, lifespan was increased by pomegranate juice in wild type (N2, 56 %, P < 0.001) and daf-16 mutant (daf-16(mgDf50)I) (18 %, P = 0.00012), by pomegranate extract in N2 (28 %, P = 0.00004) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (10 %, P < 0.05), or by ellagic acid (11 %, P < 0.05). Pomegranate juice reduced intestinal fat deposition (IFD) in C. elegans (n = 10) N2 (–68 %, P = 0.0003) or in the daf-16(mgDf50)I (–33 %, P = 0.0034). The intestinal fat deposition was increased by pomegranate extract in N2 (137 %, P < 0.0138) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (26 %, P = 0.0225), by ellagic acid in N2 (66 %, P < 0.0001) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (74 %, P < 0.0001), or by urolithin A in N2 (57 %, P = 0.0039) and in daf-16(mgDf50)I (43 %, P = 0.0001). These effects were partially mediated by the daf-16 pathway. The data may offer insights to human aging and obesity due to homology with C. elegans.

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Louisiana Agriculture Winter, 2017, Lsu Agcenter Jan 2017

Louisiana Agriculture Winter, 2017, Lsu Agcenter

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

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The Double Abcx Model, Family Stress Theory, Risk, Protection, And Resilience In The Movie “Precious”, Cassandra Chaney Phd Jan 2017

The Double Abcx Model, Family Stress Theory, Risk, Protection, And Resilience In The Movie “Precious”, Cassandra Chaney Phd

Faculty Publications

The critically acclaimed movie Precious [1] highlights the multiple stressors and crises experienced by an abused Black teen female living in poverty. Given its introduction to the screen, scholars have yet to make critical connections between the family dynamics portrayed in this movie and a particular family theory. The purpose of this paper is to help scholars who teach family stress courses apply the experiences of this young woman and her family to McCubbin and Patterson’s [2] Double ABCX Model. Furthermore, this paper will examine the risk factors, the protective factors, and the resilience demonstrated by the movie’s protagonist, Claireece …

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