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Irrationality And Human Reasoning, Michael Aristidou Jan 2004

Irrationality And Human Reasoning, Michael Aristidou

LSU Master's Theses

In his account of intentional interpretation, Donald Davidson assumes that people are mostly rational. Several psychological experiments though, reveal that human beings deviate drastically from the normative standards of rationality. Therefore, some psychologists arrive to the conclusion that humans are mostly irrational. In this thesis, I raise some objections to both points of view. On the one hand, ascribing rationality to humans in an a priori manner seems a suspicious position to adopt, considering the empirical data that show otherwise. On the other hand, the validity of the experiments and what exactly they test can also be put in question, …

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Numerical And Experimental Investigation Of Transport Processes In Biological Systems, Yimeng He Jan 2004

Numerical And Experimental Investigation Of Transport Processes In Biological Systems, Yimeng He

LSU Master's Theses

This thesis focuses on optimization techniques for transport process during the cryopreservation of biological systems. In the first part of this thesis, a well established shape independent Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) technique was used to measure the dehydration response during freezing of Pacific oyster sperm cells. Volumetric shrinkage during freezing of diploid and tetraploid pacific oyster sperm cell suspensions was obtained at cooling rates of 5 and 20 ˚C/min in the presence of extracellular ice and CPAs. By fitting a model of water transport to the experimentally obtained volumetric shrinkage data the best fit membrane permeability parameters (Lpg and …

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Which Mean Do You Mean?: An Exposition On Means, Mabrouck K. Faradj Jan 2004

Which Mean Do You Mean?: An Exposition On Means, Mabrouck K. Faradj

LSU Master's Theses

The objective of this thesis is to give a brief exposition on the theory of means. In Greek mathematics, means are intermediate values between two extremes, while in modern mathematics, a mean is a measure of the central tendency for a set of numbers. We begin by exploring the origin of the antique means and list the classical means. Next, we present an overview of the theories of binary means and n-ary means. We include a general discussion on axiomatic systems for means and present theorems on properties that characterize the most common types of means.

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Innovative Cooling Configurations For Low Emission Gas Turbine Combustors, Ryan Thomas Hebert Jan 2004

Innovative Cooling Configurations For Low Emission Gas Turbine Combustors, Ryan Thomas Hebert

LSU Master's Theses

Presently, effective cooling of modern low NOx combustor liners is achieved through combinations of innovative impingement configurations and other heat transfer enhancement methods. An inherent characteristic of conventional impingement configurations is the occurrence of downstream heat transfer degradation due to increased crossflow effects. In the present study, two different impingement configurations are studied. Both impingement configurations examined in this study aim to increase heat transfer effectiveness by reducing the detrimental effects of spent air crossflow. In Part I, a combination technique wherein impingement is combined with ribs placed in between impingement rows is studied. Three configurations with increased rib placements …

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Probabilistic Risk Assessment Method For Prioritization Of Risk Factors, Jay Tarakkumar Shah Jan 2004

Probabilistic Risk Assessment Method For Prioritization Of Risk Factors, Jay Tarakkumar Shah

LSU Master's Theses

Risk management involves assessing the risk sources and designing strategies and procedures to mitigate those risks to an acceptable level. Measurement of risk factors plays an important role in the assessment of risk. This research proposes to develop risk assessment frameworks and mathematical model (Probabilistic Risk Assessment model) identify the risk factors. Quantification and prioritization of risk factors will help to design controls, resource allocation policies and minimize the total cost using the Cost Minimization model. The proposed models are applied to a complex system that is representative of actual business situations.

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Microsatellite Instability In Squamous Cell Carcinoma And Lichen Sclerosus Of The Vulva, Sidney Joseph Marlborough Jan 2004

Microsatellite Instability In Squamous Cell Carcinoma And Lichen Sclerosus Of The Vulva, Sidney Joseph Marlborough

LSU Master's Theses

The usefulness of detecting genomic instability in the form of microsatellite instability (MSI) has been examined in a number of cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adjacent normal and lichen sclerosis (LS) samples were taken from patients with radical vulvectomies. Vulvar SCC samples were compared with adjacent normal samples using four oligonucleotide markers (BAT-25, BAT-26, D10S208 and D10S587) found to be informative with other carcinomas. Using polymerase chain reaction techniques, 30 vulvar SCC DNA samples were examined for MSI. BAT-26 displayed the highest level of MSI and was considered to be the most sensitive marker in studying vulvar SCC. There …

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An Analysis Of Cardiovascular And Respiratory Mortality As A Function Of Ambient Ozone And Fine Particulate Matter In The Baton Rouge Air Quality Control Region, Thomas James Wiley Iv Jan 2004

An Analysis Of Cardiovascular And Respiratory Mortality As A Function Of Ambient Ozone And Fine Particulate Matter In The Baton Rouge Air Quality Control Region, Thomas James Wiley Iv

LSU Master's Theses

The Baton Rouge Air Quality Control Region has come under fire due to difficulties in reaching attainment of one-hour daily ozone limitations and its general perception as being a polluted place to live. Ozone is a reactive oxygen species which has been shown to result in damage to biological molecules and is detrimental to human physiology, especially in regards to cardio-respiratory structure and function. In the last decade, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in mean aerodynamic diameter have been identified as a possible pollutant that is affecting public health at levels lower than the EPA’s established limits. PM2.5 …

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Effects Of Redox Potential And Ph On The Fate Of Nitroglycerin In A Surface And Aquifer Soil, Sally Yost Jan 2004

Effects Of Redox Potential And Ph On The Fate Of Nitroglycerin In A Surface And Aquifer Soil, Sally Yost

LSU Master's Theses

Nitroglycerin, used in propellant formulations and ignition cartridges in military weapons, has been found as a surface soil contaminant on military installations. Concerns have arisen since the fate and mobility of nitroglycerin is not understood in these natural environments. The objective of this study was to determine the fate of nitroglycerin in natural field soils. Nitroglycerin degradation was examined using a surface soil and an aquifer soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at three pH levels. Studies were also performed to determine the influence of a supplemental carbon source on degradation. Radiolabeled 14C-nitroglycerin was used to trace the partitioning between …

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Scalability Of Car-Following And Lane-Changing Models In Microscopic Traffic Simulation Systems, Yan Zhang Jan 2004

Scalability Of Car-Following And Lane-Changing Models In Microscopic Traffic Simulation Systems, Yan Zhang

LSU Master's Theses

Microscopic simulation models are more and more widely used to support real-time control and management functions in the field of transportation engineering. However, even with today¡¯s advancement in computing power, microscopic simulation modeling remains a computationally intensive process that imposes limitations on its potential use for modeling large-scale transportation networks. While microscopic features of a simulated system collectively define the overall system characteristics, it is argued here that the simulation process itself is not necessarily free of redundancy which, if reduced, could substantially improve the computational efficiency of simulation processes without substantially compromising the overall integrity of the simulation process. …

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Mems Accelerometer: Proof Of Concept For Geotechnical Engineering Testing, Keith Nicholas Hoffman Jan 2004

Mems Accelerometer: Proof Of Concept For Geotechnical Engineering Testing, Keith Nicholas Hoffman

LSU Master's Theses

Geotechnical engineering materials are inherently variable, which leads to many simplifications when trying to model their behavior. The materials must always be characterized prior to any design work so that the engineer knows which direction he must progress to have a reliable design. Although subsurface characterization techniques and geotechnical design steadily improve, they are by no means infallible. The combination of geotechnical subsurface characterization along with geophysical techniques for improved design and construction monitoring has begun to surface as a viable alternative to the standard techniques in geotechnical engineering. This is important because there is a lack of Quality Control/Quality …

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Inter-An Evolving Installation, Lyman Landreth Edwards Jan 2004

Inter-An Evolving Installation, Lyman Landreth Edwards

LSU Master's Theses

Inter- An Evolving Installation is an interactive site specific installation designed and constructed in the School of Art Gallery at Louisiana State University. This installation explores the interplay between the ideas of order and change by presenting the visitor with a very structured environment that by nature of its design and materials changes with each footstep. Sand, granulated carbon, and clay cover the floor of the gallery in a geometric pattern inspired by the Fibonacci Sequence and Buddhist sand paintings. As a person enters the installation it immediately changes from its original design simply through disturbance by the visitor's footsteps …

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Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Of Flow Around Bluff-Bodies, Kevin Tubbs Jan 2004

Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Of Flow Around Bluff-Bodies, Kevin Tubbs

LSU Master's Theses

In this work, results from a 2-D Lattice Boltzmann (LB) solver are presented simulating flow past rectangular square cylinders at low Reynolds numbers (< 250). The LBGK equation is a hyperbolic equation that approximates the Navier Stokes equations in the nearly incompressible limit. It is a system of 9 one dimensional partial differential Hamiltonian-Jacobian equations, consisting of an advection and diffusive portion. The LB method is an alternative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method used to numerically predict incompressible viscous flow. The current LB method uses a statistical mechanics formulation to solve the Boltzmann equation. The LB model captures the nonlinear Navier Stokes advection terms using linear streaming operators. In this thesis, the LB model is classified as an explicit, Lagrangian, finite-hyperbolicity and weakly compressible approximation of the Navier Stokes equations. The momentum flux tensor is captured locally as opposed to a pressure field eliminating the need to solve the Poisson equation. This allows the fluid structure interactions (FSI) behavior to be calculated elegantly at the interface through the mesoscopic momentum transfer between the fluid and structure. At this level, the forces are simultaneously calculated. The LB equations are discretized both in time and phase space using a standard D2Q9 lattice model. Validation tests for flow around single square cylinders at different aspect ratio at low Reynolds numbers are presented. Good agreement with other investigators is achieved. Flow past multiple bluff bodies (representing building in a city) is also presented. The vortex shedding simulations presented provide preliminary indications in terms of St that the LB method can be used to simulate high Re flow.

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A Case Study Of A University-School Partnership: Impacting The Success Of Children, Teacher Candidates, And Inservice Teachers, Paula Summers Calderon Jan 2004

A Case Study Of A University-School Partnership: Impacting The Success Of Children, Teacher Candidates, And Inservice Teachers, Paula Summers Calderon

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

School reform is an often heard term within the Bush administration. Since the signing of his No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), President George W. Bush set out to make certain our teachers are highly qualified and that our children perform better in school. From the Holmes Group (1986) to present-day mandates from The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), university-school partnerships are becoming part of preservice teacher education as well as school reform. This study describes a pilot university-school partnership, focusing on teacher candidates, inservice teachers, and P-5 students. Employing qualitative and quantitative analysis (Gall, …

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Synthesis And Antibacterial Assessment Of Water-Soluble Hydrophobic Chitosan Derivatives Bearing Quaternary Ammonium Functionality, Mrunal R. Thatte Jan 2004

Synthesis And Antibacterial Assessment Of Water-Soluble Hydrophobic Chitosan Derivatives Bearing Quaternary Ammonium Functionality, Mrunal R. Thatte

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Chitosan is a naturally occurring, bio-degradable, non-toxic, non-allergenic bio-polysaccharide derived from chitin, found in abundance in nature. Studies aimed at deriving newer applications of chitosan are hence of interest. Among these, one of the focuses of investigations is aimed at excellent antimicrobial activity demonstrated by chitosan. In this context, certain quaternary ammonium derivatives of chitosan have been shown in the past to be highly effective antibacterial materials. In the present study, substituted chitosan derivatives were synthesized and further quaternized using Quat-188 to produce water soluble derivatives at neutral pH. The antibacterial assessments of the quaternized derivatives of substituted chitosan were …

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New Insights Into The Binding Site Formation And The Performance Of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, Hyunjung Kim Jan 2004

New Insights Into The Binding Site Formation And The Performance Of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, Hyunjung Kim

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are finding important applications in the field of separation science, catalysis, sensor, and immunoassays. To optimize the performance of the MIPs, it is essential to understand the underlying mechanism of the process. This research focuses on understanding binding site formation and performance, and improvement of the MIPs. Chapter 1 introduces the concept of the MIPs, and binding isotherm and affinity distribution of heterogeneous binding sites in the MIPs. Chapter 2 describes fundamental studies conducted to understand the binding site formation of the MIPs. The number of binding sites (N) and the number average association constant (Kn) …

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Modeling Longleaf Pine (Pinus Palustris Mill) Wood Properties Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Brian Kipling Via Jan 2004

Modeling Longleaf Pine (Pinus Palustris Mill) Wood Properties Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Brian Kipling Via

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This research demonstrated model development for important wood properties using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR); it considered the effect of outside sources of error, and the ability of NIR to measure fiber morphology. Strength, stiffness, and density were successfully modeled from wood samples taken throughout 10 longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill) trees. Principal components and multiple linear regression were compared for performance in prediction of density, strength, and stiffness. I found both modeling techniques to yield similar prediction accuracies. However, I found that density could be estimated through Beer-Lambert’s law since the absorbance at all wavelengths increased with density. Also, 5 of …

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Protein Aggregation Studies: Inhibiting And Encouraging Β-Amyloid Aggregation, Jed Paul Aucoin Jan 2004

Protein Aggregation Studies: Inhibiting And Encouraging Β-Amyloid Aggregation, Jed Paul Aucoin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This work demonstrates peptide-based aggregation mediation of fibril forming peptides, notably β-amyloid (1-40), Aβ1-40. To achieve the goals of this work, Aβ1-40 aggregation was governed by ionic strength, temperature, and pH. After controlling and reproducing Aβ1-40 aggregate formation (fibrils), each peptide-based aggregation mediator was evaluated for its ability to self-aggregate and to possess surface-active properties. The incorporation of these mediators in Aβ1-40 solutions changed the surface tension and produced aggregate complexes of mediator and Aβ1-40. Evidence that Aβ1-40 fibril formation may be mediated by disorder-to-order transitions has been observed by layer formation …

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Dynamic Performance Of Bridges And Vehicles Under Strong Wind, Suren Chen Jan 2004

Dynamic Performance Of Bridges And Vehicles Under Strong Wind, Suren Chen

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The record of span length for flexible bridges has been broken with the development of modern materials and construction techniques. With the increase of bridge span, the dynamic response of the bridge becomes more significant under external wind action and traffic loads. The present research targets specifically on dynamic performance of bridges as well as the transportation under strong wind. The dissertation studied the coupled vibration features of bridges under strong wind. The current research proposed the modal coupling assessment technique for bridges. A closed-form spectral solution and a practical methodology are provided to predict coupled multimode vibration without actually …

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Applications Of The Titanium Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation Towards Natural Product Syntheses, Jongtae Yang Jan 2004

Applications Of The Titanium Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation Towards Natural Product Syntheses, Jongtae Yang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Recently an efficient methodology, a hetero Pauson-Khand reaction, based on titanium-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation of tethered enals for the general preparation of ¥ã-butyrolactone rings, which are typically embedded in polycyclic systems of many natural products was reported. To demonstrate this new strategy, the total syntheses of the natural products asteriscanolide and ginkgolide were investigated. The first part of this work is dedicated to synthetic efforts toward the total synthesis of asteriscanolide. Approaches highlighted by the [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement, the thermal silyloxy-Cope rearrangement, and a titanium-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation, which is the pivotal step to afford the ¥ã-butyrolactone ring. This study firmly established the utility of …

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Morphological Evolution And Instabilities Of Solid Thin Films And Wires, Wanxi Kan Jan 2004

Morphological Evolution And Instabilities Of Solid Thin Films And Wires, Wanxi Kan

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation can be divided into four parts. In part I (Chapter 2), the diffusion controlled growth of multiple compound phases is studied with the nonlinear Kirkendall effect included. This part analyzes the growth of N compound phases. The method of finding intrinsic diffusion coefficients from only the positions of interfaces is found for two layers. In addition, the asymptotic analysis valid for small concentration gradients is applied to the “multi-foil” method of measuring intrinsic diffusion coefficients and yields an analytic solution for the displacement curve. A bounded solid film on a substrate can breakup from the edge into islands …

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The Significance Of Selected Piano Compositions By Pancho Vladigerov, Boriana Kojouharova Buckles Jan 2004

The Significance Of Selected Piano Compositions By Pancho Vladigerov, Boriana Kojouharova Buckles

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study examines selected compositions for piano by Pancho Vladigerov - the Three Pieces for Piano, Opus 15, Bulgarian Rhapsody, Opus 16, Shumen Miniatures, Opus 29, and Improvisation and Toccata, from Episodes, Opus 36. These pieces strongly represent the various periods and stylistic trends of the composer. They are also among Vladigerov's most popular and frequently performed piano compositions. The first chapter provides a brief biography of Pancho Vladigerov and an overview of his most important compositions. Chapter Two contains an overview of the solo piano works of Vladigerov. Chapter Three examines the selected piano compositions from a formal and …

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A Distributed Quadtree Dictionary Approach To Multi-Resolution Visualization Of Scattered Neutron Data, Rion Dooley Jan 2004

A Distributed Quadtree Dictionary Approach To Multi-Resolution Visualization Of Scattered Neutron Data, Rion Dooley

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Grid computing is described as dependable, seamless, pervasive access to resources and services, whereas mobile computing allows the movement of people from place to place while staying connected to resources at each location. Mobile grid computing is a new computing paradigm, which joins these two technologies by enabling access to the collection of resources within a user's virtual organization while still maintaining the freedom of mobile computing through a service paradigm. A major problem in virtual organization is needs mismatch, in which one resources requests a service from another resources it is unable to fulfill, since virtual organizations are necessarily …

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Synthesis, Characterization And Study Of Novel Reagents For The Detection Of Saccharides And Amino Acids, Nadia Nadette St. Luce Jan 2004

Synthesis, Characterization And Study Of Novel Reagents For The Detection Of Saccharides And Amino Acids, Nadia Nadette St. Luce

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The design of synthetic receptors for the recognition and sensing of saccharides and amino acids is currently a major challenge. This is due to inherent structural similarity and a lack of chromophoric or fluorophoric properties of these compounds. The synthesis and study of novel detection agents for bioactive molecules as well as mechanistic studies are presented herein. The elucidation of the mechanism by which tetraarylboronic acid resorcinarene interact with sugar molecules and promote a solution color change is explored. This vast collaborative study, reveals that DMSO solutions of boronic acid functionalized resorcinarene macrocycles afford visual color changes upon heating or …

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Attachment Of Oligonucleotide Probes To Polymer Biochips And Its Application For The Detection Of Point Mutations, Yun Wang Jan 2004

Attachment Of Oligonucleotide Probes To Polymer Biochips And Its Application For The Detection Of Point Mutations, Yun Wang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation is on the fabrication of polymer-based microfluidic arrays for the detection of genetic mutations. Poly(methyl methacrylate) was chosen as one of the polymer substrate materials due to its low background noise, low adsorption of biomolecules, and low assembly temperature. The surface modification of polymer substrates for covalent attachment of oligonucleotide probes, the construction of fluidic channels/arrays, and hybridization kinetics will be covered. As an example of the application, point mutation detection using immobilized arrays constructed in microfluidic devices will be demonstrated. The PMMA surface was derivatized with N-lithioethylenediamine solution to introduce amine groups, which were utilized for the …

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Adult Attachment Styles, Children's Self-Competence, And Children's Cognitive Ability: An Ecological Study, Elizabeth Benchea Block Jan 2004

Adult Attachment Styles, Children's Self-Competence, And Children's Cognitive Ability: An Ecological Study, Elizabeth Benchea Block

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study investigated children's perceived self-competence and its relationship to the social antecedent of adult attachment and the outcome of children's cognitive ability. Utilizing a predominantly African American sample, 154 mothers, 80 fathers and 205 children were included in this cross-sectional study of second and fourth grade children. Regression analyses indicated that the exploratory relationship between adult attachment as a predictor of children's self-competence was upheld with both second and fourth grade children of participating mothers and fathers. More specifically, maternal attachment was a significant predictor of second grade children's perceived physical competence, social acceptance, and maternal acceptance. Maternal attachment …

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Characteristics Of An Effective Teacher Of Reading In An Elementary School Setting, Jennifer Aby Archer Jan 2004

Characteristics Of An Effective Teacher Of Reading In An Elementary School Setting, Jennifer Aby Archer

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Struggling readers have been the central focus of American politics for decades. Teachers of all ages and experiences across America deliver reading instruction in a variety of ways. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of an effective teacher of reading in an elementary classroom setting. The study was conducted in a public and a private sector school in a capital city in the southern United States. Two principals, two second grade teachers, and two fourth grade teachers were participants in this study. A qualitative research focus provided the methodological basis for this study. The research design …

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Comparison Studies Of The Mechanistic Formation Of Polyhalogentaed Dibenzo-P-Dioxins And Furans From The Thermal Degradation Of 2-Bromophenol And 2-Chlorophenol, Catherine Spearing Evans Jan 2004

Comparison Studies Of The Mechanistic Formation Of Polyhalogentaed Dibenzo-P-Dioxins And Furans From The Thermal Degradation Of 2-Bromophenol And 2-Chlorophenol, Catherine Spearing Evans

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs) from hazardous waste incinerators, and many other sources for combustion have been considered environmentally hazardous and a major health threat. Recently, a growing number of materials containing brominated hydrocarbons, commonly used flame retardants, have been disposed in municipal and hazardous waste incinerators. This results in the increased potential for formation of PBDD/Fs and other hazardous combustion by-products. In contrast to chlorinated hydrocarbons, the reactions of brominated hydrocarbons have been studied only minimally. In fact, studies have shown that brominated phenols form higher yields of PBDD/Fs than the …

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Dynamics Of Complex Polymer Solutions: Putting Diffusion To Work And Exploring Rigid Rod Diffusion, Garrett John Doucet Jan 2004

Dynamics Of Complex Polymer Solutions: Putting Diffusion To Work And Exploring Rigid Rod Diffusion, Garrett John Doucet

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation is concerned with random coil and rodlike polymer diffusion in complex solutions. The development of fluorescence photobleaching recovery, FPR, as a technique to determine polymer molecular weight distributions by measuring the diffusion distribution and converting it to a molecular weight distribution using a calibration curve is first covered. Fluorescently tagged probes were individually dissolved in polymer solutions at negligible amounts and measured with FPR to construct the calibration curve of self-diffusion vs. molecular weight. Once calibration curves were constructed, bimodal distributions were separated using the matrices corresponding to the calibration curves. The diffusion of the probes and separation …

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Asymptotic Laplace Transforms, Claudiu Mihai Jan 2004

Asymptotic Laplace Transforms, Claudiu Mihai

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this work we discuss certain aspects of the classical Laplace theory that are relevant for an entirely analytic approach to justify Heaviside's operational calculus methods. The approach explored here suggests an interpretation of the Heaviside operator ${cdot}$ based on the "Asymptotic Laplace Transform." The asymptotic approach presented here is based on recent work by G. Lumer and F. Neubrander on the subject. In particular, we investigate the two competing definitions of the asymptotic Laplace transform used in their works, and add a third one which we suggest is more natural and convenient than the earlier ones given. We compute …

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Synthesis, Separation And Reactivities Of Multidentate Phosphine Ligands And Investigation Into Dirhodium Hydroformylation And Hydrocarboxylation Catalysis, David Aubry Jan 2004

Synthesis, Separation And Reactivities Of Multidentate Phosphine Ligands And Investigation Into Dirhodium Hydroformylation And Hydrocarboxylation Catalysis, David Aubry

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A dirhodium homogeneous hydroformylation catalyst based on a tetraphosphine ligand, rac-Et2PCH2CH2P(Ph)CH2P(Ph)CH2CH2PEt2, rac-et,ph-P4, is under investigation. The ligand synthesis produces a racemic mixture and a facile and efficient method of separation of the racemic and meso diastereomers was achieved through reaction of et,ph-P4 with two equivalents of NiCl2 in EtOH to yield an almost quantitatively isolable precipitate of meso-Ni2Cl4(et,ph-P4) and the soluble rac-Ni2Cl4(et,ph-P4). Subsequent cyanolysis of these complexes liberates the et,ph-P4 ligand, and the …

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