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Human Adipose Tissue As A Reservoir For Memory Cd4+ T Cells And Hiv, Jacob Couturier, James W. Suliburk, Jeremy M. Brown, David J. Luke, Neeti Agarwal, Xiaoying Yu, Chi Nguyen, Dinakar Iyer, Claudia A. Kozinetz, Paul A. Overbeek, Michael L. Metzker, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Dorothy E. Lewis Mar 2015

Human Adipose Tissue As A Reservoir For Memory Cd4+ T Cells And Hiv, Jacob Couturier, James W. Suliburk, Jeremy M. Brown, David J. Luke, Neeti Agarwal, Xiaoying Yu, Chi Nguyen, Dinakar Iyer, Claudia A. Kozinetz, Paul A. Overbeek, Michael L. Metzker, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Dorothy E. Lewis

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether adipose tissue functions as a reservoir for HIV-1. Design: We examined memory CD4+ T cells and HIV DNA in adipose tissue-stromal vascular fraction (AT-SVF) of five patients [four antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated and one untreated]. To determine whether adipocytes stimulate CD4+ T cells and regulate HIV production, primary human adipose cells were cocultured with HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. Methods: AT-SVF T cells were studied by flow cytometry, and AT-SVF HIV DNA (Gag and Env) was examined by nested PCR and sequence …

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Human Adipose Tissue As A Reservoir For Memory Cd4(+) T Cells And Hiv, J Couturier, J W. Suliburk, J M. Brown, D J. Luke, J Couturier, X Y. Yu, C Nguyen, D Iyer, C A. Kozinetz, P A. Overbeek, M L. Metzker, A Balasubramanyam, D E. Lewis Mar 2015

Human Adipose Tissue As A Reservoir For Memory Cd4(+) T Cells And Hiv, J Couturier, J W. Suliburk, J M. Brown, D J. Luke, J Couturier, X Y. Yu, C Nguyen, D Iyer, C A. Kozinetz, P A. Overbeek, M L. Metzker, A Balasubramanyam, D E. Lewis

Faculty Publications

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether adipose tissue functions as a reservoir for HIV-1. Design: We examined memory CD4(+) T cells and HIV DNA in adipose tissue-stromal vascular fraction (AT-SVF) of five patients [four antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated and one untreated]. To determine whether adipocytes stimulate CD4(+) T cells and regulate HIV production, primary human adipose cells were cocultured with HIV-infected CD4(+) T cells. Methods: AT-SVF T cells were studied by flow cytometry, and AT-SVF HIV DNA (Gag and Env) was examined by nested PCR and sequence analyses. CD4(+) T-cell activation and HIV production were measured by …

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Human Adipose Tissue As A Reservoir For Memory Cd4(+) T Cells And Hiv, J Couturier, J W. Suliburk, J M. Brown, D J. Luke, J Couturier, X Y. Yu, C Nguyen, D Iyer, C A. Kozinetz, P A. Overbeek, M L. Metzker, A Balasubramanyam, D E. Lewis Mar 2015

Human Adipose Tissue As A Reservoir For Memory Cd4(+) T Cells And Hiv, J Couturier, J W. Suliburk, J M. Brown, D J. Luke, J Couturier, X Y. Yu, C Nguyen, D Iyer, C A. Kozinetz, P A. Overbeek, M L. Metzker, A Balasubramanyam, D E. Lewis

Faculty Publications

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether adipose tissue functions as a reservoir for HIV-1. Design: We examined memory CD4(+) T cells and HIV DNA in adipose tissue-stromal vascular fraction (AT-SVF) of five patients [four antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated and one untreated]. To determine whether adipocytes stimulate CD4(+) T cells and regulate HIV production, primary human adipose cells were cocultured with HIV-infected CD4(+) T cells. Methods: AT-SVF T cells were studied by flow cytometry, and AT-SVF HIV DNA (Gag and Env) was examined by nested PCR and sequence analyses. CD4(+) T-cell activation and HIV production were measured by …

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Sequencing, Identification And Mapping Of Primed L1 Elements (Simple) Reveals Significant Variation In Full Length L1 Elements Between Individuals, Vincent A. Streva, Vallmer E. Jordan, Sara Linker, Dale J. Hedges, Mark A. Batzer, Prescott L. Deininger Mar 2015

Sequencing, Identification And Mapping Of Primed L1 Elements (Simple) Reveals Significant Variation In Full Length L1 Elements Between Individuals, Vincent A. Streva, Vallmer E. Jordan, Sara Linker, Dale J. Hedges, Mark A. Batzer, Prescott L. Deininger

Faculty Publications

© Streva et al. Background: There are over a half a million copies of L1 retroelements in the human genome which are responsible for as much as 0.5% of new human genetic diseases. Most new L1 inserts arise from young source elements that are polymorphic in the human genome. Highly active polymorphic "hot" L1 source elements have been shown to be capable of extremely high levels of mobilization and result in numerous instances of disease. Additionally, hot polymorphic L1s have been described to be highly active within numerous cancer genomes. These hot L1s result in mutagenesis by insertion of new …

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Elevated Hypertension Risk For African-Origin Populations In Biracial Societies: Modeling The Epidemiologic Transition Study, Richard S. Cooper, Terrence E. Forrester, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Estelle V. Lambert, Lara R. Dugas, Kathryn E. Cargill, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, David A. Shoham, Liping Tong, Guichan Cao, Amy Luke Mar 2015

Elevated Hypertension Risk For African-Origin Populations In Biracial Societies: Modeling The Epidemiologic Transition Study, Richard S. Cooper, Terrence E. Forrester, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Estelle V. Lambert, Lara R. Dugas, Kathryn E. Cargill, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, David A. Shoham, Liping Tong, Guichan Cao, Amy Luke

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES:: Blood pressures in persons of African descent exceed those of other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Whether this trait is attributable to the genetic factors in African-origin populations, or a result of inadequately measured environmental exposures, such as racial discrimination, is not known. To study this question, we conducted a multisite comparative study of communities in the African diaspora, drawn from metropolitan Chicago, Kingston, Jamaica, rural Ghana, Cape Town, South Africa, and the Seychelles. METHODS:: At each site, 500 participants between the age of 25 and 49 years, with approximately equal sex balance, were enrolled for a longitudinal …

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Under-Reporting Of Dietary Energy Intake In Five Populations Of The African Diaspora, Lindsay Orcholski, Amy Luke, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Lara R. Dugas, Elizabeth Kettmann, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Richard S. Cooper, Dale A. Schoeller Feb 2015

Under-Reporting Of Dietary Energy Intake In Five Populations Of The African Diaspora, Lindsay Orcholski, Amy Luke, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Lara R. Dugas, Elizabeth Kettmann, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Richard S. Cooper, Dale A. Schoeller

Faculty Publications

Studies on the role of diet in the development of chronic diseases often rely on self-report surveys of dietary intake. Unfortunately, many validity studies have demonstrated that self-reported dietary intake is subject to systematic under-reporting, although the vast majority of such studies have been conducted in industrialised countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not systematic reporting error exists among the individuals of African ancestry (n 324) in five countries distributed across the Human Development Index (HDI) scale, a UN statistic devised to rank countries on non-income factors plus economic indicators. Using two 24 h …

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Genetic Studies Of Body Mass Index Yield New Insights For Obesity Biology, A. E. Locke, B. Kahali, S. I. Berndt, A. E. Justice, T. H. Pers, F. R. Day, C. Powell, S. Vedantam, M. L. Buchkovich, J. Yang, D. C. Croteau-Chonka, T. Esko, T. Fall, T. Ferreira, S. Gustafsson, Z. Kutalik, J. Luan, R. Mägi, J. C. Randall, T. W. Winkler, A. R. Wood, T. Workalemahu, J. D. Faul, J. A. Smith, J. H. Zhao, W. Zhao, J. Chen, R. Fehrmann, K. Hedman, J. Karjalainen, E. M. Schmidt, D. Absher, N. Amin Feb 2015

Genetic Studies Of Body Mass Index Yield New Insights For Obesity Biology, A. E. Locke, B. Kahali, S. I. Berndt, A. E. Justice, T. H. Pers, F. R. Day, C. Powell, S. Vedantam, M. L. Buchkovich, J. Yang, D. C. Croteau-Chonka, T. Esko, T. Fall, T. Ferreira, S. Gustafsson, Z. Kutalik, J. Luan, R. Mägi, J. C. Randall, T. W. Winkler, A. R. Wood, T. Workalemahu, J. D. Faul, J. A. Smith, J. H. Zhao, W. Zhao, J. Chen, R. Fehrmann, K. Hedman, J. Karjalainen, E. M. Schmidt, D. Absher, N. Amin

Faculty Publications

Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10-8), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20 % of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

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A Moonlighting Function Of Mycobacterium Smegmatis Ku In Zinc Homeostasis?, Ambuj K. Kushwaha, Dinesh K. Deochand, Anne Grove Feb 2015

A Moonlighting Function Of Mycobacterium Smegmatis Ku In Zinc Homeostasis?, Ambuj K. Kushwaha, Dinesh K. Deochand, Anne Grove

Faculty Publications

© 2014 The Protein Society. Ku protein participates in DNA double-strand break repair via the nonhomologous end-joining pathway. The three-dimensional structure of eukaryotic Ku reveals a central core consisting of a β-barrel domain and pillar and bridge regions that combine to form a ring-like structure that encircles DNA. Homologs of Ku are encoded by a subset of bacterial species, and they are predicted to conserve this core domain. In addition, the bridge region of Ku from some bacteria is predicted from homology modeling and sequence analyses to contain a conventional HxxC and CxxC (where x is any residue) zinc-binding motif. …

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Genomic Variation In A Widespread Neotropical Bird (Xenops Minutus) Reveals Divergence, Population Expansion, And Gene Flow, Michael G. Harvey, Robb T. Brumfield Feb 2015

Genomic Variation In A Widespread Neotropical Bird (Xenops Minutus) Reveals Divergence, Population Expansion, And Gene Flow, Michael G. Harvey, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Elsevier Inc. The demographic and phylogeographic histories of species provide insight into the processes responsible for generating biological diversity, and genomic datasets are now permitting the estimation of species histories with unprecedented accuracy. We used a genomic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dataset generated using a RAD-Seq method to investigate the historical demography and phylogeography of a widespread lowland Neotropical bird (Xenops minutus). As expected, we found that prominent landscape features that act as dispersal barriers, such as Amazonian rivers and the Andes Mountains, are associated with the deepest phylogeographic breaks, and also that isolation by distance is limited …

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Cofeeding Intra- And Interspecific Transmission Of An Emerging Insect-Borne Rickettsial Pathogen, Lisa D. Brown, Rebecca C. Christofferson, Kaikhushroo H. Banajee, Fabio Del Piero, Lane D. Foil, Kevin R. Macaluso Jan 2015

Cofeeding Intra- And Interspecific Transmission Of An Emerging Insect-Borne Rickettsial Pathogen, Lisa D. Brown, Rebecca C. Christofferson, Kaikhushroo H. Banajee, Fabio Del Piero, Lane D. Foil, Kevin R. Macaluso

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) are known as the primary vector and reservoir of Rickettsia felis, the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever; however, field surveys regularly report molecular detection of this infectious agent from other blood-feeding arthropods. The presence of R. felis in additional arthropods may be the result of chance consumption of an infectious bloodmeal, but isolation of viable rickettsiae circulating in the blood of suspected vertebrate reservoirs has not been demonstrated. Successful transmission of pathogens between actively blood-feeding arthropods in the absence of a disseminated …

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Serotonin 5-Ht2 Receptor Activation Prevents Allergic Asthma In A Mouse Model, Felix Nau, Justin Miller, Jordy Saravia, Terry Ahlert, Bangning Yu, Kyle I. Happel, Stephania A. Cormier, Charles D. Nichols Jan 2015

Serotonin 5-Ht2 Receptor Activation Prevents Allergic Asthma In A Mouse Model, Felix Nau, Justin Miller, Jordy Saravia, Terry Ahlert, Bangning Yu, Kyle I. Happel, Stephania A. Cormier, Charles D. Nichols

Faculty Publications

© 2015 the American Physiological Society. Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lung characterized by airways hyper-responsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and mucus hyperproduction. Current main-stream therapies include bronchodilators that relieve bronchoconstriction and inhaled glucocorticoids to reduce inflammation. The small molecule hormone and neurotransmitter serotonin has long been known to be involved in inflammatory processes; however, its precise role in asthma is unknown. We have previously established that activation of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A receptors has potent anti-inflammatory activity in primary cultures of vascular tissues and in the whole animal in vasculature and gut tissues. The 5-HT2A receptor agonist, (R)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine [(R)-DOI] is …

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Toll-Like Receptor 4 (Tlr4) In Acute And Chronic Renal Diseases, Anand R. Nair Jan 2015

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (Tlr4) In Acute And Chronic Renal Diseases, Anand R. Nair

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Despite advances in its treatment, the incidence of renal diseases has been consistently increasing. Hence, there is a need to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of the progression of kidney diseases. Recent research implicates inflammation as an important mediator of renal injury. We hypothesized that inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an upstream modulator of several inflammatory pathways, would prevent the progression of renal diseases. First, we determined the mechanism by which AngiotensinII (AngII)-induced inflammation is modulated by TLR4 using an in vitro model of rat tubulo-epithelial cells. We blocked TLR4 using gene silencing strategy in NRK52E cells. In TLR4-silenced cells, …

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Study Of Factors Affecting Growth And Development Of Narrow Brown Leaf Spot Of Rice Caused By Cercospora Janseana (Racib.) O. Const., Kirandeep Kaur Mani Jan 2015

Study Of Factors Affecting Growth And Development Of Narrow Brown Leaf Spot Of Rice Caused By Cercospora Janseana (Racib.) O. Const., Kirandeep Kaur Mani

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Studies evaluated the effects of planting date, cultivar susceptibility, fungicide application timing, nitrogen management, and tillage practices on the severity of narrow brown leaf spot of rice (NBLS) caused by Cercospora janseana. All factors evaluated affected NBLS severity. The mid-April planted rice had less NBLS as compared to mid-May, late planted rice. Propiconazole fungicide (Tilt) application at panicle initiation or early boot stage was found equally effective in terms of disease reduction in mid-April planting while panicle initiation stage was the best time to apply fungicide in the late planting (mid-May). Early onset and higher severity of NBLS was observed …

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Development Of A Three-Dimensional Bioprinter With Inline Light Activation For Bone Tissue Engineering, Colton Alexander Mcelheny Jan 2015

Development Of A Three-Dimensional Bioprinter With Inline Light Activation For Bone Tissue Engineering, Colton Alexander Mcelheny

LSU Master's Theses

Bioprinting offers exciting possibilities for tissue engineering related to tissue and organ failure due to trauma, disease, or aging. This is of substantial societal value as the world populace mean age rises. Current needs for tissue and organ repair far exceed availability. A strategy being explored to counter this imbalance is the single step fabrication of cellular constructs. This paper explores various bioprinting techniques and suggests a custom design for a cost-effective, low-maintenance bioprinting platform for academic research. The platform functionality was validated via two-dimensional image transfer and simple three-dimensional geometries.

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Development And Characterization Of A Live-Attenuated Vaccine To Combat Equine Herpesvirus Type-1 Infections, Shiliang Anthony Liu Jan 2015

Development And Characterization Of A Live-Attenuated Vaccine To Combat Equine Herpesvirus Type-1 Infections, Shiliang Anthony Liu

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is an important ubiquitous enzootic equine pathogen and one of the most common pathogens of the horse, causing, respiratory disease, epidemic abortion, occasionally neurological disease in horses, which leads to significant economic losses to the horse industry. EHV-1 induces several clinical signs of disease ranging in severity, from mild respiratory disease to abortion in pregnant mares, neonatal foal death and neuropathogenic disorders. Natural EHV-1 infection stimulated short lived protective immunity and had both humoral and cellular immune responses. Currently vaccination remains the best option to prevent EHV-1 infection and different applications of vaccination have been investigated …

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Correlation Of Ultrasonographic Small Intestinal Wall Layering With Histology In Normal Dogs, Alexandre Benjamin Le Roux Jan 2015

Correlation Of Ultrasonographic Small Intestinal Wall Layering With Histology In Normal Dogs, Alexandre Benjamin Le Roux

LSU Master's Theses

Five intestinal layers are commonly described ultrasonographically in dogs. However, current high-frequency endosonography allows the identification of 9 layers in people. The aim of this study was to describe ex vivo small intestinal layering in dogs and correlate ultrasonographic layering with histological layers. Our hypothesis was that, similar to findings in humans, discrepancies exist in thickness and visibility of intestinal layers between histology and ultrasound in dogs. Twelve adult dogs were included in the study. They were euthanized for reasons unrelated to gastrointestinal disease, but extensive medical history was unavailable. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples were resected immediately after euthanasia. …

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Development Of Satellite-Assisted Forecasting System For Oyster Norovirus Outbreaks, Jiao Wang Jan 2015

Development Of Satellite-Assisted Forecasting System For Oyster Norovirus Outbreaks, Jiao Wang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Norovirus outbreaks can cause the closure of oyster harvesting waters and acute gastroenteritis in humans associated with consumption of contaminated raw oysters. The overall goal of this study was to develop a satellite-assisted forecasting system for oyster norovirus outbreaks. The forecasting system is comprised of three components: (1) satellite algorithms for retrieval of environmental variables, including salinity, temperature, and gage height, (2) an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based model, called NORF model, for predicting relative risk levels of oyster norovirus outbreaks, and (3) a mapping method for visualizing spatial distributions of norovirus outbreak risks in oyster harvest areas along Louisiana …

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Effects Of Inbreeding On Endangered Red Wolves (Canis Rufus), Kristin E. Brzeski Jan 2015

Effects Of Inbreeding On Endangered Red Wolves (Canis Rufus), Kristin E. Brzeski

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Inbreeding depression, the reduction in offspring fitness caused by mating among close relatives, is widespread in small populations and a major concern in conservation biology because it can affect population persistence. The negative effects of inbreeding results in the evolution of inbreeding avoidance behaviors; within small populations, such behaviors may encourage individuals to select mates outside of their respective species. Mate choice may also be facilitated by variation at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, a gene group critical for immune response and disease resistance. Given broad impacts of inbreeding and MHC variation on fitness and behavior, evaluating their effects is …

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Comparative Genomics Reveals Insights Into Avian Genome Evolution And Adaptation, Guojie Correction Zhang, Cai Li, Qiye Li, Bo Li, Denis M. Larkin, Chul Lee, Jay F. Storz, Agostinho Antunes, Matthew J. Greenwold, Robert W. Meredith, Anders Ödeen, Jie Cui, Qi Zhou, Luohao Xu, Hailin Pan, Zongji Wang, Lijun Jin, Pei Zhang, Haofu Hu, Wei Yang, Jiang Hu, Jin Xiao, Zhikai Yang, Yang Liu, Qiaolin Xie, Hao Yu, Jinmin Lian, Ping Wen, Fang Zhang, Hui Li, Yongli Zeng, Zijun Xiong, Shiping Liu, Long Zhou Dec 2014

Comparative Genomics Reveals Insights Into Avian Genome Evolution And Adaptation, Guojie Correction Zhang, Cai Li, Qiye Li, Bo Li, Denis M. Larkin, Chul Lee, Jay F. Storz, Agostinho Antunes, Matthew J. Greenwold, Robert W. Meredith, Anders Ödeen, Jie Cui, Qi Zhou, Luohao Xu, Hailin Pan, Zongji Wang, Lijun Jin, Pei Zhang, Haofu Hu, Wei Yang, Jiang Hu, Jin Xiao, Zhikai Yang, Yang Liu, Qiaolin Xie, Hao Yu, Jinmin Lian, Ping Wen, Fang Zhang, Hui Li, Yongli Zeng, Zijun Xiong, Shiping Liu, Long Zhou

Faculty Publications

Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses …

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Whole-Genome Analyses Resolve Early Branches In The Tree Of Life Of Modern Birds, Erich D. Jarvis, Siavash Mirarab, Andre J. Aberer, Bo Li, Peter Houde, Cai Li, Simon Y.W. Ho, Brant C. Faircloth, Benoit Nabholz, Jason T. Howard, Alexander Suh, Claudia C. Weber, Rute R. Da Fonseca, Jianwen Li, Fang Zhang, Hui Li, Long Zhou, Nitish Narula, Liang Liu, Ganesh Ganapathy, Bastien Boussau, Md Shamsuzzoha Bayzid, Volodymyr Zavidovych, Sankar Subramanian, Toni Gabaldón, Salvador Capella-Gutiérrez, Jaime Huerta-Cepas, Bhanu Rekepalli, Kasper Munch, Mikkel Schierup, Bent Lindow, Wesley C. Warren, David Ray, Richard E. Green Dec 2014

Whole-Genome Analyses Resolve Early Branches In The Tree Of Life Of Modern Birds, Erich D. Jarvis, Siavash Mirarab, Andre J. Aberer, Bo Li, Peter Houde, Cai Li, Simon Y.W. Ho, Brant C. Faircloth, Benoit Nabholz, Jason T. Howard, Alexander Suh, Claudia C. Weber, Rute R. Da Fonseca, Jianwen Li, Fang Zhang, Hui Li, Long Zhou, Nitish Narula, Liang Liu, Ganesh Ganapathy, Bastien Boussau, Md Shamsuzzoha Bayzid, Volodymyr Zavidovych, Sankar Subramanian, Toni Gabaldón, Salvador Capella-Gutiérrez, Jaime Huerta-Cepas, Bhanu Rekepalli, Kasper Munch, Mikkel Schierup, Bent Lindow, Wesley C. Warren, David Ray, Richard E. Green

Faculty Publications

To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data.We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships.We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as …

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Integrating The Public In Mosquito Management: Active Education By Community Peers Can Lead To Significant Reduction In Peridomestic Container Mosquito Habitats, Kristen Healy, George Hamilton, Taryn Crepeau, Sean Healy, Isik Unlu, Ary Farajollahi, Dina M. Fonseca Sep 2014

Integrating The Public In Mosquito Management: Active Education By Community Peers Can Lead To Significant Reduction In Peridomestic Container Mosquito Habitats, Kristen Healy, George Hamilton, Taryn Crepeau, Sean Healy, Isik Unlu, Ary Farajollahi, Dina M. Fonseca

Faculty Publications

Mosquito species that utilize peridomestic containers for immature development are commonly aggressive human biters, and because they often reach high abundance, create significant nuisance. One of these species, the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus, is an important vector of emerging infectious diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika fevers. Integrated mosquito management (IMM) of Ae. albopictus is particularly difficult because it requires access to private yards in urban and suburban residences. It has become apparent that in the event of a public health concern due to this species, homeowners will have to be active participants in the control process by …

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Space Radiation: The Number One Risk To Astronaut Health Beyond Low Earth Orbit, Jeffery C. Chancellor, Graham B.I. Scott, Jeffrey P. Sutton Sep 2014

Space Radiation: The Number One Risk To Astronaut Health Beyond Low Earth Orbit, Jeffery C. Chancellor, Graham B.I. Scott, Jeffrey P. Sutton

Faculty Publications

Projecting a vision for space radiobiological research necessitates understanding the nature of the space radiation environment and how radiation risks influence mission planning, timelines and operational decisions. Exposure to space radiation increases the risks of astronauts developing cancer, experiencing central nervous system (CNS) decrements, exhibiting degenerative tissue effects or developing acute radiation syndrome. One or more of these deleterious health effects could develop during future multi-year space exploration missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO). Shielding is an effective countermeasure against solar particle events (SPEs), but is ineffective in protecting crew members from the biological impacts of fast moving, highly-charged galactic …

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Hepatitis C In Sub-Saharan Africa: Urgent Need For Attention, Jennifer E. Layden, Richard Phillips, Ohene Opare-Sem, Adegboyega Akere, Babatunde L. Salako, Kenrad Nelson, Lara Dugas, Amy Luke, Bamidele O. Tayo, Richard S. Cooper Sep 2014

Hepatitis C In Sub-Saharan Africa: Urgent Need For Attention, Jennifer E. Layden, Richard Phillips, Ohene Opare-Sem, Adegboyega Akere, Babatunde L. Salako, Kenrad Nelson, Lara Dugas, Amy Luke, Bamidele O. Tayo, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

The hepatitis C virus (HCV), which was not recognized as an infectious agent until the 1980s, is responsible for a worldwide epidemic. The World Health Organization estimates global prevalence at 2.8%, with 185 million persons infected. In contrast to hepatitis B, where successful vaccine campaigns have reduced the disease burden, much less progress has been made toward the control of HCV. Phylogenetic studies suggest that HCV originated in Africa and has been endemic in some regions for at least 500-600 years. However, little is known about the epidemiology, transmission, and clinical course of HCV in Africa. With the advent of …

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Comparisons Of Intensity-Duration Patterns Of Physical Activity In The Us, Jamaica And 3 African Countries, Lara R. Dugas, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, David Shoham, Jacolene Kroff, Guichan Cao, Richard S. Cooper, Soren Brage, Ulf Ekelund, Amy Luke Aug 2014

Comparisons Of Intensity-Duration Patterns Of Physical Activity In The Us, Jamaica And 3 African Countries, Lara R. Dugas, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, David Shoham, Jacolene Kroff, Guichan Cao, Richard S. Cooper, Soren Brage, Ulf Ekelund, Amy Luke

Faculty Publications

Background: This difference in how populations living in low-, middle or upper-income countries accumulate daily PA, i.e. patterns and intensity, is an important part in addressing the global PA movement. We sought to characterize objective PA in 2,500 participants spanning the epidemiologic transition. The Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS) is a longitudinal study, in 5 countries. METS seeks to define the association between physical activity (PA), obesity and CVD risk in populations of African origin: Ghana (GH), South Africa (SA), Seychelles (SEY), Jamaica (JA) and the US (suburban Chicago).

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Synthesis And Antimicrobial Activity Of Brominated Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Wendy Pippin Aug 2014

Synthesis And Antimicrobial Activity Of Brominated Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Wendy Pippin

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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A Cluster-Randomized Trial Of Task Shifting And Blood Pressure Control In Ghana: Study Protocol, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Joyce Gyamfi, William Chaplin, Michael Ntim, Kingsley Apusiga, Kiran Khurshid, Richard Cooper Jun 2014

A Cluster-Randomized Trial Of Task Shifting And Blood Pressure Control In Ghana: Study Protocol, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Joyce Gyamfi, William Chaplin, Michael Ntim, Kingsley Apusiga, Kiran Khurshid, Richard Cooper

Faculty Publications

Background: Countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are experiencing an epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) propelled by rapidly increasing rates of hypertension. Barriers to hypertension control in SSA include poor access to care and high out-of-pocket costs. Although SSA bears 24% of the global disease burden, it has only 3% of the global health workforce. Given such limited resources, cost-effective strategies, such as task shifting, are needed to mitigate the rising CVD epidemic in SSA. Ghana, a country in SSA with an established community health worker program integrated within a national health insurance scheme provides an ideal platform to evaluate implementation …

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Reconstructing New World Monkey Phylogeny: Alu Elements In The Common Marmoset Genome, Catherine Fontenot May 2014

Reconstructing New World Monkey Phylogeny: Alu Elements In The Common Marmoset Genome, Catherine Fontenot

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Assessment Of The Human Pathogen Vibrio Vulnificus In Louisiana Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica Harvested From Barataria Bay At Different Salinities With Subsequent Depuration Treatment, Sarah Beth Theriot May 2014

Assessment Of The Human Pathogen Vibrio Vulnificus In Louisiana Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica Harvested From Barataria Bay At Different Salinities With Subsequent Depuration Treatment, Sarah Beth Theriot

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Mapping Of Pathogenic Vibrio Spp. Densities In The Gulf Of Mexico And Their Relationship To Fecal Indicators Used In Oyster Harvest Regulation, Morgan Taylor May 2014

Mapping Of Pathogenic Vibrio Spp. Densities In The Gulf Of Mexico And Their Relationship To Fecal Indicators Used In Oyster Harvest Regulation, Morgan Taylor

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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A Mixed Ecologic-Cohort Comparison Of Physical Activity & Weight Among Young Adults From Five Populations Of African Origin, Amy Luke, Pascal Bovet, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Dale A. Schoeller, Lara R. Dugas, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, David A. Shoham, Guichan Cao, Soren Brage, Ulf Ekelund, Richard S. Cooper Apr 2014

A Mixed Ecologic-Cohort Comparison Of Physical Activity & Weight Among Young Adults From Five Populations Of African Origin, Amy Luke, Pascal Bovet, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Dale A. Schoeller, Lara R. Dugas, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, David A. Shoham, Guichan Cao, Soren Brage, Ulf Ekelund, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

Background: Examination of patterns and intensity of physical activity (PA) across cultures where obesity prevalence varies widely provides insight into one aspect of the ongoing epidemiologic transition. The primary hypothesis being addressed is whether low levels of PA are associated with excess weight and adiposity. Methods. We recruited young adults from five countries (500 per country, 2500 total, ages 25-45 years), spanning the range of obesity prevalence. Men and women were recruited from a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, USA; urban Jamaica; rural Ghana; peri-urban South Africa; and the Seychelles. PA was measured using accelerometry and expressed as minutes per day …

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