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Articles 331 - 360 of 819
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Predicting Cryptic Links In Host-Parasite Networks, Tad Dallas, Andrew W. Park, John M. Drake
Predicting Cryptic Links In Host-Parasite Networks, Tad Dallas, Andrew W. Park, John M. Drake
Faculty Publications
© 2017 Dallas et al. Networks are a way to represent interactions among one (e.g., social networks) or more (e.g., plant-pollinator networks) classes of nodes. The ability to predict likely, but unobserved, interactions has generated a great deal of interest, and is sometimes referred to as the link prediction problem. However, most studies of link prediction have focused on social networks, and have assumed a completely censused network. In biological networks, it is unlikely that all interactions are censused, and ignoring incomplete detection of interactions may lead to biased or incorrect conclusions. Previous attempts to predict network interactions have relied …
Population Genetic Inferences Using Immune Gene Snps Mirror Patterns Inferred By Microsatellites, Jean P. Elbers, Rachel W. Clostio, Sabrina S. Taylor
Population Genetic Inferences Using Immune Gene Snps Mirror Patterns Inferred By Microsatellites, Jean P. Elbers, Rachel W. Clostio, Sabrina S. Taylor
Faculty Publications
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are replacing microsatellites for population genetic analyses, but it is not apparent how many SNPs are needed or how well SNPs correlate with microsatellites. We used data from the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus—a species with small populations, to compare SNPs and microsatellites to estimate population genetic parameters. Specifically, we compared one SNP data set (16 tortoises from four populations sequenced at 17 901 SNPs) to two microsatellite data sets, a full data set of 101 tortoises and a partial data set of 16 tortoises previously genotyped at 10 microsatellites. For the full microsatellite data set, observed …
Secrets Of Sines: The Story Of Platy-1 Propagation In The Saimiri Lineage, Sarah Brantley
Secrets Of Sines: The Story Of Platy-1 Propagation In The Saimiri Lineage, Sarah Brantley
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Developing Consensus Measures For Global Programs: Lessons From The Global Alliance For Chronic Diseases Hypertension Research Program, Michaela A. Riddell, Nancy Edwards, Simon R. Thompson, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Devarsetty Praveen, Claire Johnson, Andre P. Kengne, Peter Liu, Tara Mccready, Eleanor Ng, Robby Nieuwlaat, Bruce Ovbiagele, Mayowa Owolabi, David Peiris, Amanda G. Thrift, Sheldon Tobe, Khalid Yusoff, Anniza De Villiers, Feng He, Graham Macgregor, Stephen Jan, Bruce Neal, Clara Chow, Rohina Joshi, Stephen Macmahon, Anushka Patel, Anthony Rodgers, Ruth Webster, Ng Kien Keat, Amir Attaran, Edward Mills, Katherine Muldoon, Sanni Yaya
Developing Consensus Measures For Global Programs: Lessons From The Global Alliance For Chronic Diseases Hypertension Research Program, Michaela A. Riddell, Nancy Edwards, Simon R. Thompson, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Devarsetty Praveen, Claire Johnson, Andre P. Kengne, Peter Liu, Tara Mccready, Eleanor Ng, Robby Nieuwlaat, Bruce Ovbiagele, Mayowa Owolabi, David Peiris, Amanda G. Thrift, Sheldon Tobe, Khalid Yusoff, Anniza De Villiers, Feng He, Graham Macgregor, Stephen Jan, Bruce Neal, Clara Chow, Rohina Joshi, Stephen Macmahon, Anushka Patel, Anthony Rodgers, Ruth Webster, Ng Kien Keat, Amir Attaran, Edward Mills, Katherine Muldoon, Sanni Yaya
Faculty Publications
Background: The imperative to improve global health has prompted transnational research partnerships to investigate common health issues on a larger scale. The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) is an alliance of national research funding agencies. To enhance research funded by GACD members, this study aimed to standardise data collection methods across the 15 GACD hypertension research teams and evaluate the uptake of these standardised measurements. Furthermore we describe concerns and difficulties associated with the data harmonisation process highlighted and debated during annual meetings of the GACD funded investigators. With these concerns and issues in mind, a working group comprising …
Data-Driven Identification Of Potential Zika Virus Vectors, Michelle V. Evans, Tad A. Dallas, Barbara A. Han, Courtney C. Murdock, John M. Drake
Data-Driven Identification Of Potential Zika Virus Vectors, Michelle V. Evans, Tad A. Dallas, Barbara A. Han, Courtney C. Murdock, John M. Drake
Faculty Publications
© Evans et al. Zika is an emerging virus whose rapid spread is of great public health concern. Knowledge about transmission remains incomplete, especially concerning potential transmission in geographic areas in which it has not yet been introduced. To identify unknown vectors of Zika, we developed a data-driven model linking vector species and the Zika virus via vector-virus trait combinations that confer a propensity toward associations in an ecological network connecting flaviviruses and their mosquito vectors. Our model predicts that thirty-five species may be able to transmit the virus, seven of which are found in the continental United States, including …
Predictability Of Helminth Parasite Host Range Using Information On Geography, Host Traits And Parasite Community Structure, Tad Dallas, Andrew W. Park, John M. Drake
Predictability Of Helminth Parasite Host Range Using Information On Geography, Host Traits And Parasite Community Structure, Tad Dallas, Andrew W. Park, John M. Drake
Faculty Publications
© Cambridge University Press 2016. Host-parasite associations are complex interactions dependent on aspects of hosts (e.g. traits, phylogeny or coevolutionary history), parasites (e.g. traits and parasite interactions) and geography (e.g. latitude). Predicting the permissive host set or the subset of the host community that a parasite can infect is a central goal of parasite ecology. Here we develop models that accurately predict the permissive host set of 562 helminth parasites in five different parasite taxonomic groups. We developed predictive models using host traits, host taxonomy, geographic covariates, and parasite community composition, finding that models trained on parasite community variables were …
Genome-Wide Survey In African Americans Demonstrates Potential Epistasis Of Fitness In The Human Genome, Heming Wang, Yoonha Choi, Bamidele Tayo, Xuefeng Wang, Nathan Morris, Xiang Zhang, Uli Broeckel, Craig Hanis, Sharon Kardia, Susan Redline, Richard S. Cooper, Hua Tang, Xiaofeng Zhu
Genome-Wide Survey In African Americans Demonstrates Potential Epistasis Of Fitness In The Human Genome, Heming Wang, Yoonha Choi, Bamidele Tayo, Xuefeng Wang, Nathan Morris, Xiang Zhang, Uli Broeckel, Craig Hanis, Sharon Kardia, Susan Redline, Richard S. Cooper, Hua Tang, Xiaofeng Zhu
Faculty Publications
The role played by epistasis between alleles at unlinked loci in shaping population fitness has been debated for many years and the existing evidence has been mainly accumulated from model organisms. In model organisms, fitness epistasis can be systematically inferred by detecting nonindependence of genotypic values between loci in a population and confirmed through examining the number of offspring produced in two-locus genotype groups. No systematic study has been conducted to detect epistasis of fitness in humans owing to experimental constraints. In this study, we developed a novel method to detect fitness epistasis by testing the correlation between local ancestries …
Posterior Estimates Of Dynamic Constants In Hiv Transmission Modeling, Yingqing Chen, Renee Dale, Hongyu He, Quoc Anh T. Le
Posterior Estimates Of Dynamic Constants In Hiv Transmission Modeling, Yingqing Chen, Renee Dale, Hongyu He, Quoc Anh T. Le
Faculty Publications
In this paper, we construct a linear differential system in both continuous time and discrete time to model HIV transmission on the population level. The main question is the determination of parameters based on the posterior information obtained from statistical analysis of the HIV population. We call these parameters dynamic constants in the sense that these constants determine the behavior of the system in various models. There is a long history of using linear or nonlinear dynamic systems to study the HIV population dynamics or other infectious diseases. Nevertheless, the question of determining the dynamic constants in the system has …
Development Of Mouse Models For The Study Of Zika Virus Pathogenesis And Antibody Response, Anna Beatriz Kawiecki
Development Of Mouse Models For The Study Of Zika Virus Pathogenesis And Antibody Response, Anna Beatriz Kawiecki
LSU Master's Theses
After the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas in 2015, ZIKV infection was associated for the first time since its discovery with severe symptoms in both adults and congenital cases, including neurological, ocular, and developmental manifestations. Previous ZIKV circulation in Africa and Southeast Asia has been characterized by mild symptoms and small-scale case-counts. It is unclear whether the unprecedented size and severity of the ZIKV outbreak in the Americas are the consequence of a change in the virus, different background flaviviral immunity in the population, or a reporting issue. In addition, ZIKV has been shown to be transmitted …
Pharmacokinetics Of Micronized Progesterone Administration In Female Dogs, Raphael Anthony Malbrue
Pharmacokinetics Of Micronized Progesterone Administration In Female Dogs, Raphael Anthony Malbrue
LSU Master's Theses
Hypoluteoidism in the bitch is described as a reproductive condition in which insufficient levels of endogenous progesterone are present resulting in failure to maintain a functional secretory endometrium. This condition can prevent normal embryo implantation, development, and ultimately end in pregnancy loss. Hypoluteoidism in the bitch is a rising concern in small animal theriogenology and current medical therapies available to veterinarians are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravaginally (Crinone®, Serono Laboratories, Norwell, MA) and orally delivered micronized progesterone (Prometrium®, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Marietta, GA) in the bitch. We hypothesized that both vaginal …
Susceptibility Of The Southern House Mosquito, Culex Quinquefasciatus, In East Baton Rouge Parish To Larval Insecticides, Nicholas Alexander Delisi
Susceptibility Of The Southern House Mosquito, Culex Quinquefasciatus, In East Baton Rouge Parish To Larval Insecticides, Nicholas Alexander Delisi
LSU Master's Theses
Mosquito control districts in Louisiana focus their efforts on Culex quinquefasciatus, the primary vector of West Nile virus in the southern United States, with rigorous larvicide treatments. However, the development of resistant populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus in response to extensive insecticide application has been demonstrated repeatedly. Examining changes in insecticide susceptibility and larvicide efficacy in real world scenarios can help inform mosquito control districts as to whether or not their treatments are killing mosquitoes. We hypothesized that frequent larvicide applications for the control of mosquitoes in East Baton Rouge Parish had lowered susceptibility of wild Cx. quinquefasciatus to insecticides, and …
Evolutionary History Of A Large-Genome Salamander Across Five Disjunct Regions Of The Southeastern United States, Catherine Elizabeth Newman
Evolutionary History Of A Large-Genome Salamander Across Five Disjunct Regions Of The Southeastern United States, Catherine Elizabeth Newman
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The southeastern United States has a dynamic geologic history. Mountain range uplift, sea level fluctuations, and river basin evolution have shaped species geographic distributions in the region. My dissertation objectively identifies amphibian species with highly fragmented distributions in the Southeast (Chapter 2) and examines the phylogeographic history of one of those species, Plethodon serratus. This salamander species has a widely disjunct range across five regions: the Appalachians, the Ozarks, the Ouachitas, and two allopatric sites in Louisiana. Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear loci (Chapter 3) showed that P. serratus is comprised of multiple genetic lineages, and the five regions are …
Microscopic Evaluations Of Bone In Equine And Muroid Models, Heather Ashley Richbourg
Microscopic Evaluations Of Bone In Equine And Muroid Models, Heather Ashley Richbourg
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The use of advanced imaging techniques has greatly improved orthopedic research and education. Histology of bone is a method of evaluating bone morphology, bony cells, and bone remodeling in two-dimensions, while micro-computed tomography (microCT) is a three-dimensional analysis of bone morphology. Combined, these methods assist in providing a comprehensive analysis of bone. In this dissertation, these techniques were utilized to answer questions currently outstanding in veterinary medicine: the effect of bisphosphonates on equine bone, and variation in murine tarsal anatomy. Bisphosphonates are drugs that reduce osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and have recently been approved for the use in horses. Despite prolific …
Termite Gut Microbes As Tools And Targets For Termite Control, Chinmay Vijay Tikhe
Termite Gut Microbes As Tools And Targets For Termite Control, Chinmay Vijay Tikhe
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The Formosan subterranean termite (FST), Coptotermes formosanus, is an invasive urban pest in the United States. Colonies of the FST are dependent on the symbiotic gut protozoa for cellulose digestion in the workers’ guts, and the gut bacterial community is known to provide essential nutrients to the termite. The objectives of this PhD research were to develop and evaluate paratransgenesis and phage therapy for termite control. During this study, a termite gut bacterium: Trabulsiella odontotermitis was genetically engineered and was evaluated as a ‘Trojan horse’ for paratransgenesis. We proved that T. odontotermitis can tolerate 50 times more concentration of ligand-Hecate …
Quantitation Of Anti-Pythium Insidiosum Antibodies Before And After Immunotherapy In Healthy Dogs, Carmen Beatriz Arsuaga
Quantitation Of Anti-Pythium Insidiosum Antibodies Before And After Immunotherapy In Healthy Dogs, Carmen Beatriz Arsuaga
LSU Master's Theses
Pythium insidiosum is an aquatic oomycete that causes invasive, progressive granulomatous lesions of the skin in dogs, horses, and cats, and of the gastrointestinal tract in dogs. Quantitation of anti-P. insidiosum IgG antibodies can be used in dogs to both confirm a suspected diagnosis and to monitor response to therapy. Recently, an immunotherapeutic product (IP) has been marketed for the treatment of pythiosis in dogs, horses, and people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of this product on anti-P. insidiosum IgG concentrations in dogs. The IP was administered to seven, healthy hound mixes on …
On-Site Sperm Cryopreservation For Aquatic Repository Development And User Group Linkage, William Martin Childress
On-Site Sperm Cryopreservation For Aquatic Repository Development And User Group Linkage, William Martin Childress
LSU Master's Theses
Although on-site cryopreservation of aquatic species sperm in nitrogen-vapor shipping dewars has been used for more than 30 yr, many limitations remain. Due to the size of shipping dewars, most studies are small scale and can only produce tens of samples. The freezing temperatures that can be achieved are also affected by the size of the dewar and the number of samples being frozen due to the heat load. In addition, often due to timing or remote location these samples cannot be shipped, and if they are shipped, quality can be lost and the samples must be discarded. The goal …
Louisiana Birds Act As Reservoirs For Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Collin T. Brown
Louisiana Birds Act As Reservoirs For Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Collin T. Brown
LSU Master's Theses
Wild birds carry diverse microbial communities, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). With the ever-increasing use of antibiotics in agricultural and clinical settings, genes that code for antibiotic resistance in bacteria have been selected for. These bacteria persist in the environment in a culturable state, but little is understood about communities of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. Birds with predictable behaviors may serve as useful indicators of these communities, and provide insights into how bacterial communities spread and evolve in the environment. To understand the utility of birds as indicators of the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment, we collected bacterial …
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is A Novel Protein Sensor In Pregnancy, Elizabeth Frost Sutton
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is A Novel Protein Sensor In Pregnancy, Elizabeth Frost Sutton
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The twenty-first century has experienced a shift in cause of death worldwide from communicable diseases to noncommunicable diseases. Interestingly, many of these implicated chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, have been shown to be programmed in the womb. As first posited by the Barker Hypothesis, adverse exposures in utero can increase an individual’s risk for chronic disease later in life. Therefore, pregnancy is an opportune time for intervention to improve the health of future generations. Studies of exposures known to negatively impact infant health, e.g. states of overnutrition (obesity, diabetes, excess gestational weight gain) and undernutrition (starvation, …
Sequence Capture And Next-Generation Sequencing Of Ultraconserved Elements In A Large-Genome Salamander, Catherine E. Newman, Christopher C. Austin
Sequence Capture And Next-Generation Sequencing Of Ultraconserved Elements In A Large-Genome Salamander, Catherine E. Newman, Christopher C. Austin
Faculty Publications
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Amidst the rapid advancement in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology over the last few years, salamanders have been left behind. Salamanders have enormous genomes—up to 40 times the size of the human genome—and this poses challenges to generating NGS data sets of quality and quantity similar to those of other vertebrates. However, optimization of laboratory protocols is time-consuming and often cost prohibitive, and continued omission of salamanders from novel phylogeographic research is detrimental to species facing decline. Here, we use a salamander endemic to the southeastern United States, Plethodon serratus, to test the utility …
‘A Novel Kaposi’S Sarcoma Therapy:’ Plasmonic Nanoparticles For Light-Mediated Drug Delivery, Blake Peter Kruger
‘A Novel Kaposi’S Sarcoma Therapy:’ Plasmonic Nanoparticles For Light-Mediated Drug Delivery, Blake Peter Kruger
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Fluctuating Temperatures Alter Environmental Pathogen Transmission In A Daphnia–Pathogen System, Tad Dallas, John M. Drake
Fluctuating Temperatures Alter Environmental Pathogen Transmission In A Daphnia–Pathogen System, Tad Dallas, John M. Drake
Faculty Publications
© 2016 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Environmental conditions are rarely constant, but instead vary spatially and temporally. This variation influences ecological interactions and epidemiological dynamics, yet most experimental studies examine interactions under constant conditions. We examined the effects of variability in temperature on the host–pathogen relationship between an aquatic zooplankton host (Daphnia laevis) and an environmentally transmitted fungal pathogen (Metschnikowia bicuspidata). We manipulated temperature variability by exposing all populations to mean temperatures of 20°C for the length of the experiments, but introducing periods of 1, 2, and 4 hr each day where …
Transformational Principles For Neon Sampling Of Mammalian Parasites And Pathogens: A Response To Springer And Colleagues, Joseph A. Cook, Stephen E. Greiman, Salvatore J. Agosta, Robert P. Anderson, Brian S. Arbogast, Robert J. Baker, Walter Boeger, Robert D. Bradley, Daniel R. Brooks, Rebecca Cole, John R. Demboski, Andrew P. Dobson, Jonathan L. Dunnum, Ralph P. Eckerlin, Jacob Esselstyn, Kurt E. Galbreath, John Hawdon, Hopi E. Hoekstra, Susan J. Kutz, Jessica E. Light, Link E. Olson, Bruce D. Patterson, James L. Patton, Anna J. Phillips, Eric Rickart, Duke S. Rogers, Mark E. Siddall, Vasyl V. Tkach, Eric P. Hoberg
Transformational Principles For Neon Sampling Of Mammalian Parasites And Pathogens: A Response To Springer And Colleagues, Joseph A. Cook, Stephen E. Greiman, Salvatore J. Agosta, Robert P. Anderson, Brian S. Arbogast, Robert J. Baker, Walter Boeger, Robert D. Bradley, Daniel R. Brooks, Rebecca Cole, John R. Demboski, Andrew P. Dobson, Jonathan L. Dunnum, Ralph P. Eckerlin, Jacob Esselstyn, Kurt E. Galbreath, John Hawdon, Hopi E. Hoekstra, Susan J. Kutz, Jessica E. Light, Link E. Olson, Bruce D. Patterson, James L. Patton, Anna J. Phillips, Eric Rickart, Duke S. Rogers, Mark E. Siddall, Vasyl V. Tkach, Eric P. Hoberg
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Negative Effects Of Pathogen-Infected Prey On Predators: A Meta-Analysis, Andrew J. Flick, Miguel A. Acevedo, Bret D. Elderd
The Negative Effects Of Pathogen-Infected Prey On Predators: A Meta-Analysis, Andrew J. Flick, Miguel A. Acevedo, Bret D. Elderd
Faculty Publications
© 2016 The Authors Intra-guild predation (IGP) – where a top predator (IGPred) consumes both a basal resource and a competitor for that resource (IGPrey) – has become a fundamental part of understanding species interactions and community dynamics. IGP communities composed of intraguild predators and prey have been well studied; however, we know less about IGP communities composed of predators, pathogens, and resources. Resource quality plays an important role in community dynamics and may influence IGP dynamics as well. We conducted a meta-analysis on predator–pathogen–resource communities to determine whether resource quality mediated by the pathogen affected predator life-history traits and …
Detection Of Nucleic Acid Sequence Differences Using The Ligase Detection Reaction With Addressable Arrays, Francis Barany, George Barany, Robert P. Hammer, Maria Kempe, Herman Blok, Monib Zirvi
Detection Of Nucleic Acid Sequence Differences Using The Ligase Detection Reaction With Addressable Arrays, Francis Barany, George Barany, Robert P. Hammer, Maria Kempe, Herman Blok, Monib Zirvi
College of Science Patents
No abstract provided.
The Macroecology Of Infectious Diseases: A New Perspective On Global-Scale Drivers Of Pathogen Distributions And Impacts, Patrick R. Stephens, Sonia Altizer, Katherine F. Smith, A. Alonso Aguirre, James H. Brown, Sarah A. Budischak, James E. Byers, Tad A. Dallas, T. Jonathan Davies, John M. Drake, Vanessa O. Ezenwa, Maxwell J. Farrell, John L. Gittleman, Barbara A. Han, Shan Huang, Rebecca A. Hutchinson, Pieter Johnson, Charles L. Nunn, David Onstad, Andrew Park, Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec, John P. Schmidt, Robert Poulin
The Macroecology Of Infectious Diseases: A New Perspective On Global-Scale Drivers Of Pathogen Distributions And Impacts, Patrick R. Stephens, Sonia Altizer, Katherine F. Smith, A. Alonso Aguirre, James H. Brown, Sarah A. Budischak, James E. Byers, Tad A. Dallas, T. Jonathan Davies, John M. Drake, Vanessa O. Ezenwa, Maxwell J. Farrell, John L. Gittleman, Barbara A. Han, Shan Huang, Rebecca A. Hutchinson, Pieter Johnson, Charles L. Nunn, David Onstad, Andrew Park, Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec, John P. Schmidt, Robert Poulin
Faculty Publications
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS. Identifying drivers of infectious disease patterns and impacts at the broadest scales of organisation is one of the most crucial challenges for modern science, yet answers to many fundamental questions remain elusive. These include what factors commonly facilitate transmission of pathogens to novel host species, what drives variation in immune investment among host species, and more generally what drives global patterns of parasite diversity and distribution? Here we consider how the perspectives and tools of macroecology, a field that investigates patterns and processes at broad spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales, are expanding scientific …
Crystal Structure Of Carboxyltransferase From Staphylococcus Aureus Bound To The Antibacterial Agent Moiramide B, Molly A. Silvers, Svetlana Pakhomova, David B. Neau, William C. Silvers, Nicholas Anzalone, Carol M. Taylor, Grover L. Waldrop
Crystal Structure Of Carboxyltransferase From Staphylococcus Aureus Bound To The Antibacterial Agent Moiramide B, Molly A. Silvers, Svetlana Pakhomova, David B. Neau, William C. Silvers, Nicholas Anzalone, Carol M. Taylor, Grover L. Waldrop
Faculty Publications
© 2016 American Chemical Society. The dramatic increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has necessitated a search for new antibacterial agents against novel targets. Moiramide B is a natural product, broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the carboxyltransferase component of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which catalyzes the first committed step in fatty acid synthesis. Herein, we report the 2.6 Å resolution crystal structure of moiramide B bound to carboxyltransferase. An unanticipated but significant finding was that moiramide B bound as the enol/enolate. Crystallographic studies demonstrate that the (4S)-methyl succinimide moiety interacts with the oxyanion holes of the enzyme, supporting the notion that an …
High-Resolution Spatial Distribution And Estimation Of Access To Improved Sanitation In Kenya, Peng Jia, John D. Anderson, Michael Leitner, Richard Rheingans
High-Resolution Spatial Distribution And Estimation Of Access To Improved Sanitation In Kenya, Peng Jia, John D. Anderson, Michael Leitner, Richard Rheingans
Faculty Publications
Background: Access to sanitation facilities is imperative in reducing the risk of multiple adverse health outcomes. A distinct disparity in sanitation exists among different wealth levels in many low-income countries, which may hinder the progress across each of the Millennium Development Goals. Methods: The surveyed households in 397 clusters from 2008-2009 Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys were divided into five wealth quintiles based on their national asset scores. A series of spatial analysis methods including excess risk, local spatial autocorrelation, and spatial interpolation were applied to observe disparities in coverage of improved sanitation among different wealth categories. The total number …
Vector Species Richness Increases Haemorrhagic Disease Prevalence Through Functional Diversity Modulating The Duration Of Seasonal Transmission, Andrew W. Park, Christopher A. Cleveland, Tad A. Dallas, Joseph L. Corn
Vector Species Richness Increases Haemorrhagic Disease Prevalence Through Functional Diversity Modulating The Duration Of Seasonal Transmission, Andrew W. Park, Christopher A. Cleveland, Tad A. Dallas, Joseph L. Corn
Faculty Publications
© Copyright Cambridge University Press 2015. SUMMARY Although many parasites are transmitted between hosts by a suite of arthropod vectors, the impact of vector biodiversity on parasite transmission is poorly understood. Positive relationships between host infection prevalence and vector species richness (SR) may operate through multiple mechanisms, including (i) increased vector abundance, (ii) a sampling effect in which species of high vectorial capacity are more likely to occur in species-rich communities, and (iii) functional diversity whereby communities comprised species with distinct phenologies may extend the duration of seasonal transmission. Teasing such mechanisms apart is impeded by a lack of appropriate …
Modeling And Prediction Of Oyster Norovirus Outbreaks Along Gulf Of Mexico Coast, Jiao Wang, Zhiqiang Deng
Modeling And Prediction Of Oyster Norovirus Outbreaks Along Gulf Of Mexico Coast, Jiao Wang, Zhiqiang Deng
Faculty Publications
Background: Oyster norovirus outbreaks often pose high risks to human health. However, little is known about environmental factors controlling the outbreaks, and little can be done to prevent the outbreaks because they are generally considered to be unpredictable. oBjective: We sought to develop a mathematical model for predicting risks of oyster norovirus outbreaks using environmental predictors. Methods: We developed a novel probability-based Artificial Neural Network model, called NORF model, using 21 years of environmental and norovirus outbreak data collected from Louisiana oyster harvesting areas along the Gulf of Mexico coast, USA. The NORF model involves six input variables that were …
Helminthr: An R Interface To The London Natural History Museum's Host-Parasite Database, Tad Dallas
Helminthr: An R Interface To The London Natural History Museum's Host-Parasite Database, Tad Dallas
Faculty Publications
© 2016 Nordic Society Oikos. The understanding of the diversity and distribution of helminth parasites is currently constrained by the limited number of host-parasite interaction databases, and the difficulty in accessing existing data. The London Natural History Museum's Host-Parasite Database represents one such underutilized database, containing over a quarter million helminth parasite occurrence records, accessible through a web interface. To enable users to programmatically search and manipulate data from this database, I developed an R package called helminthR. Here, I introduce the core functions of the package, and detail how helminthR can be used to obtain host-parasite interaction records, citations …