Digital Commons Network^™

Use Of Cryopreserved Sperm Of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella) For Seed Production At The Hatchery Level Of Bangladesh—A Need For Development Of Germplasm Repositories, Shajjad Hossian, Md Faijan Reza, Mohammad Matiur Rahman, Mariom, Mohammed Jahangir Alam, Md Abdur Razzak, Md Fazlul Awal Mollah, Terrence R. Tiersch, Md Rafiqul Islam Sarder

Faculty Publications

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a freshwater nonnative fish species, is a potential aquaculture candidate in Bangladesh. The seed of the species is produced in the hatcheries by hypophysation, but the quality of seedstock of grass carp is deteriorated due to inbreeding, negative selection, and interspecific introgression among fishes. To increase the availability of quality seed and best genetic traits of grass carp, this study dealt with finding suitable conditions of sperm cryopreservation protocols and evaluated the effectiveness of cryopreserved sperm through breeding trials of C. idella. A broodstock population was developed from fingerlings imported from China by the Bangladesh Department …

Characterization Of Regular Concrete And Low-Cost Engineered Cementitious Composites With Incorporation Of Cellulose Nanocrystals And Cost-Effective Ingredients, Hassan Noorvand, Marwa Hassan, Andrea Gavilanes

Publications

This study evaluated the effects of incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) into Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) and regular concrete materials, focusing on mechanical properties and the use of cost-effective ingredients. CNC, synthesized from rice husk, was characterized by a crystallinity index of 55%. Four concentrations of CNC were investigated: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt.% of cement. Three types of mixtures were developed: M-0, without sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as a sand replacement; M-50, with 50% SCBA as a sand replacement; and regular concrete. The M-0 and M-50 composites underwent compressive strength and uniaxial tensile strength (UTT) testing, with their morphology …

Postprandial Glucose Variability Following Typical Meals In Youth Living With Type 1 Diabetes, Susana R. Patton, Simon Bergford, Jennifer L. Sherr, Robin L. Gal, Peter Calhoun, Mark A. Clements, Michael C. Riddell, Corby K. Martin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

We explored the association between macronutrient intake and postprandial glucose variability in a large sample of youth living with T1D and consuming free-living meals. In the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Pediatric (T1DEXIP) Study, youth took photographs before and after their meals on 3 days during a 10 day observation period. We used the remote food photograph method to obtain the macronutrient content of youth’s meals. We also collected physical activity, continuous glucose monitoring, and insulin use data. We measured glycemic variability using standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose for up to 3 h after meals. …

Voice: A Interdisciplinary Field And A Field Unto Itself, Rockford Sansom

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Isolation Of Murine Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells For Adipogenic And Osteogenic Differentiation Or Flow Cytometry-Based Analysis, Matthew C. Scott, Chul Hong Park, Marilyn Dietrich, Xiying Wu, Jeffrey M. Gimble, Carrie M. Elks, Ji Suk Chang, Z. Elizabeth Floyd

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Murine models of obesity or reduced adiposity are a valuable resource for understanding the role of adipocyte dysfunction in metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue stromal vascular cells or primary adipocytes derived from murine adipose tissue and grown in culture are essential tools for studying the mechanisms underlying adipocyte development and function. Herein, we describe methods for the isolation, expansion, and long-term storage of murine adipose-derived stromal/stem cells, along with protocols for inducing adipogenesis to white or beige adipocytes in this cell population and osteogenic differentiation. Isolation of the adipose stromal vascular fraction cells for flow cytometric analysis is also described.

Effect Of Beeswax Edible Film On Preservation Of Naem Product Quality During Storage, Duyen Bui, Wannee Tangkham, Frederick Lemieux, Oanh Vuong, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul, Zhimin Xu

Faculty Publications

Importance of the work: Beeswax (BW) could be a natural ingredient applied in edible packing film to effectively extend the shelf-life of Thai fermented sausage (‘Naem’). Objective: To evaluate the capability of edible films made from beeswax in extending the shelf-life of Naem. Materials & Methods: Naem samples were wrapped using one of four different film groups: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or 0%, 1% or 3% BW. Changes were determined and compared in the pH, moisture content, color (L*, a* and b*), lipid oxidation and aerobic plate count (APC) and growth rates of lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus spp. …

Mapping Literature In The Age Of Ai, Virginia Ramos

Comparative Woman

"Mapping literature in the age of AI" discusses the concept of "mapping", from its historical meaning to its technological meaning in the field of literature and AI tools developed in recent years and designed to "map literature". The article addresses ethics, biases, and the issue of human capacities vis a vis machine capacities, in support of the critical and crucial value of the humanities and their unavoidable relationship with GenAI.

Algebraic And Geometric Properties Of A Family Of Rational Curves, J. William Hoffman, Haohao Wang

Faculty Publications

This paper consists of two components - an application part and a theoretical part, where the former targets the applications of computer aided geometric designs in generating parametric curves, and the latter focuses on the algebraic analysis of rational space curves. At the application level, we construct a family of rational space curves via quaternion products of two generating curves. At the theoretical level, we use algebraic methods to extract a µ-basis for this family of curves, and describe a basis for a special submodule of the syzygy module in terms of a µ-basis for the syzygy module of this …

The African Light Source: History, Context And Future, Simon H. Connell, Kathleen Dollman, Gihan Kamel, Sameen A. Khan, Edward Mitchell, Sekazi K. Mtingwa, Marcus C. Newton, Prosper Ngabonziza, Emmanuel Nji, Lawrence Norris, Michele Zema

Faculty Publications

The African Light Source (AfLS) project is now almost eight years old. This article assesses the history, current context and future of the project. There is by now considerable momentum in building the user community, including deep training, facilitating access to current facilities, growing the scientific output, scientific networks and growing the local laboratory-scale research infrastructure. The Conceptual Design Report for the AfLS is in its final editing stages. This document specifies the socio-economic and scientific rationales and the technical aspects amongst others. The AfLS is supported by many national and Pan-African scientific professional bodies and voluntary associates across many …

Oxphos Capacity Is Diminished And The Phosphorylation System Inhibited During Diapause In An Extremophile, Embryos Of Artemia Franciscana, Yuvraj N. Patil, Erich Gnaiger, Alexander P. Landry, Zachary J. Leno, Steven C. Hand

Faculty Publications

Diapause exhibited by embryos of Artemia franciscana is accompanied by severe arrest of respiration. A large fraction of this depression is attributable to downregulation of trehalose catabolism that ultimately restricts fuel to mitochondria. This study now extends knowledge on the mechanism by revealing metabolic depression is heightened by inhibitions within mitochondria. Compared with that in embryo lysates during post-diapause, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity P is depressed during diapause when either NADH-linked substrates (pyruvate and malate) for electron transfer (electron transfer capacity, E) through respiratory Complex I or the Complex II substrate succinate are used. When pyruvate, malate and succinate were …

Phosphatidic Acid Produced By Phospholipase Dα1 And Dδ Is Incorporated Into The Internal Membranes But Not Involved In The Gene Expression Of Rd29a In The Abscisic Acid Signaling Network In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Ruth Ndathe, Naohiro Kato

Faculty Publications

Core protein components of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling network, pyrabactin resistance (PYR), protein phosphatases 2C (PP2C), and SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) are involved in the regulation of stomatal closure and gene expression downstream responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phosphatidic acid (PA) produced by the phospholipases Dα1 and Dδ (PLDs) in the plasma membrane has been identified as a necessary molecule in ABA-inducible stomatal closure. On the other hand, the involvement of PA in ABA-inducible gene expression has been suggested but remains a question. In this study, the involvement of PA in the ABA-inducible gene expression was examined in the …

Transcriptomic Responses To Hypoxia In Two Populations Of Eastern Oyster With Differing Tolerance, Emma L. Crable, Heather Rodriguez, Rujuta V. Vaidya, Nicholas Coxe, Jerome F. La Peyre, Morgan W. Kelly

Faculty Publications

The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is a keystone species native to the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of the United States and Canada. It provides habitat for other marine organisms and makes up the majority of oyster production in the United States. Despite its tolerance to hypoxic conditions, C. virginica is threatened by anthropogenic climate change, which is increasing both average temperature and the frequency and severity of hypoxic events. In this study, we explore the differences in hypoxia-transcriptional response between two populations of eastern oysters with known differences in hypoxia tolerance at three time points over the course …

Feature Engineering Of Environmental Covariates Improves Plant Genomic-Enabled Prediction, Osval A. Montesinos-López, Leonardo Crespo-Herrera, Carolina Saint Pierre, Bernabe Cano-Paez, Gloria Isabel Huerta-Prado, Brandon Alejandro Mosqueda-González, Sofia Ramos-Pulido, Guillermo Gerard, Khalid Alnowibet, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, Abelardo Montesinos-López, José Crossa

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Because Genomic selection (GS) is a predictive methodology, it needs to guarantee high-prediction accuracies for practical implementations. However, since many factors affect the prediction performance of this methodology, its practical implementation still needs to be improved in many breeding programs. For this reason, many strategies have been explored to improve the prediction performance of this methodology. Methods: When environmental covariates are incorporated as inputs in the genomic prediction models, this information only sometimes helps increase prediction performance. For this reason, this investigation explores the use of feature engineering on the environmental covariates to enhance the prediction performance of genomic …

Recent Advances In Chemistry And Antioxidant/Anticancer Biology Of Monoterpene And Meroterpenoid Natural Product, Benedict J. Barras, Taotao Ling, Fatima Rivas

Faculty Publications

Monoterpenes and meroterpenes are two large classes of isoprene-based molecules produced by terrestrial plants and unicellular organisms as diverse secondary metabolites. The global rising incidence of cancer has led to a renewed interest in natural products. These monoterpenes and meroterpenes represent a novel source of molecular scaffolds that can serve as medicinal chemistry platforms for the development of potential preclinical leads. Furthermore, some of these natural products are either abundant, or their synthetic strategies are scalable as it will be indicated here, facilitating their derivatization to expand their scope in drug discovery. This review is a collection of representative updates …

Lsu General Catalog 2024-2025, Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College

LSU General Catalog

The LSU General Catalog describes all undergraduate and graduate departments and programs with degree requirements and courses offered for each one. The LSU General Catalog includes information on registration and financial aid as well as academic services offered to all students.

Molecular And Cellular Programs Underlying The Development Of Bovine Pre-Implantation Embryos, Zongliang Jiang

Faculty Publications

Early embryonic mortality is a major cause of infertility in cattle, yet the underlying molecular causes remain a mystery. Over the past half century, assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilisation and somatic cell nuclear transfer have been used to improve cattle reproductive efficiency; however, reduced embryo developmental potential is seen compared to their in vivo counterparts. Recent years have seen exciting progress across bovine embryo research, including genomic profiling of embryogenesis, new methods for improving embryo competence, and experimenting on building bovine embryos from stem cell cultures. These advances are beginning to define bovine embryo molecular and cellular …

Th2 And Th17-Associated Immunopathology Following Sars-Cov-2 Breakthrough Infection In Spike-Vaccinated Ace2-Humanized Mice, Tianyi Zhang, Nicholas Magazine, Michael C. Mcgee, Mariano Carossino, Gianluca Veggiani, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, Avery August, Weishan Huang

Faculty Publications

Vaccines have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in protecting against COVID-19; however, concerns regarding vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory diseases (VAERD) following breakthrough infections have emerged. Spike protein subunit vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 induce VAERD in hamsters, where aluminum adjuvants promote a Th2-biased immune response, leading to increased type 2 pulmonary inflammation in animals with breakthrough infections. To gain a deeper understanding of the potential risks and the underlying mechanisms of VAERD, we immunized ACE2-humanized mice with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein adjuvanted with aluminum and CpG-ODN. Subsequently, we exposed them to increasing doses of SARS-CoV-2 to establish a breakthrough infection. The vaccine elicited robust neutralizing antibody …

Louisiana Survey 2024, Lsu Reilly Center For Media & Public Affairs

Reilly Center Louisiana Surveys

The 2024 Louisiana Survey is the latest in an annual series of statewide surveys from the Reilly Center for Media & Public Affairs at Louisiana State University’s Manship School of Mass Communication.

Reflecting the continuing evolution of survey research, we used two approaches for this year’s survey. First, we used our traditional probability-sampling approach to draw landline and cell phone numbers for a live-interview telephone survey. Second, in partnership with the research firm YouGov, we administered an online survey to a nonprobability sample of Louisiana residents who participate in the YouGov panel. We use statistical weights in the analysis …

Dietary Intakes Of Branch Chained Amino Acids And Obesity Risk Among Chinese Gestational Diabetes Women, Xiaoyun Yang, Weiqin Li, Wei Li, Huikun Liu, Leishen Wang, Junhong Leng, Yuxin Fan, Xilin Yang, Ming Liu, Gang Hu

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: Epidemiological studies have assessed the correlation between daily dietary branch chain amino acid (BCAA) intakes and the risk of obesity, however, the findings from these studies were inconsistent and investigations among GDM women were few. Objective: The present study was to investigate the associations of daily BCAA intakes with the risks of overweight and abdominal obesity among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) postpartum. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,263 women with prior GDM at 1–5 years post-delivery. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations of daily dietary intakes of BCAAs with the risks …

Variant Of The Lactase Lct Gene Explains Association Between Milk Intake And Incident Type 2 Diabetes, Kai Luo, Guo Chong Chen, Yanbo Zhang, Jee Young Moon, Jiaqian Xing, Brandilyn A. Peters, Mykhaylo Usyk, Zheng Wang, Gang Hu, Jun Li, Elizabeth Selvin, Casey M. Rebholz, Tao Wang, Carmen R. Isasi, Bing Yu, Rob Knight, Eric Boerwinkle, Robert D. Burk, Robert C. Kaplan, Qibin Qi

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Cow’s milk is frequently included in the human diet, but the relationship between milk intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains controversial. Here, using data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we show that in both sexes, higher milk intake is associated with lower risk of T2D in lactase non-persistent (LNP) individuals (determined by a variant of the lactase LCT gene, single nucleotide polymorphism rs4988235) but not in lactase persistent individuals. We validate this finding in the UK Biobank. Further analyses reveal that among LNP individuals, higher milk intake is associated with alterations in gut microbiota (for example, …

Flooded Mangrove Landscapes Hide Ancient Maya Coastal Sites In Belize, Heather I. Mckillop

Faculty Publications

Evidence of ancient Maya exploitation of salt, other marine resources, settlement, and sea trade is hidden in flooded mangrove landscapes on the cays, mainland, and in shallow offshore locations on the south coast of Belize. This article includes a discussion of the coastal economy from the Middle Preclassic through the Postclassic periods (600 B.C.–A.D. 1500). Data from sites discovered and excavated since 1982 in the coastal area of the Port Honduras and Paynes Creek National Park support a model of coastal reliance on marine resources and tree crops. The need for a regular supply of coastal salt to inland cities …

Convolution-Transformer For Image Feature Extraction, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, Siyu Lu, Ruiyang Wang, Youshuai Yang, Bo Yang, Shan Liu, Ahmed Alsanad, Salman A. Alqahtani, Zhengtong Yin, Xiaolu Li, Xiaobing Chen, Wenfeng Zheng

Faculty Publications

This study addresses the limitations of Transformer models in image feature extraction, particularly their lack of inductive bias for visual structures. Compared to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), the Transformers are more sensitive to different hyperparameters of optimizers, which leads to a lack of stability and slow convergence. To tackle these challenges, we propose the Convolution-based Efficient Transformer Image Feature Extraction Network (CEFormer) as an enhancement of the Transformer architecture. Our model incorporates E-Attention, depthwise separable convolution, and dilated convolution to introduce crucial inductive biases, such as translation invariance, locality, and scale invariance, into the Transformer framework. Additionally, we implement a …

Summer-Wet Hydrologic Cycle During The Middle Miocene Of The United States: New Evidence From Fossil Fungi, Jennifer M.K. O’Keefe, Matthew J. Pound, Ingrid C. Romero, Noelia B. Nuñez Otaño, Martha E. Gibson, Jessica Mccoy, Margaret E. Alden, C. Jolene Fairchild, Julia Fitzpatrick, Emily Hodgson, Taylor Horsfall, Savannah Jones, June E. Lennex-Stone, Christopher A. Marsh, Alyssa A. Patel, Tyler M. Spears, Laikin Tarlton, Liberty F. Smallwood, O. L. Vanderespt, Jeremyah R. Cabrera, Cortland F. Eble, William C. Rember, James E. Starnes, Mac H. Alford, Alyson Brink, Sophie Warny

Faculty Publications

Hydrologic reconstructions from North America are largely unknown for the Middle Miocene. Examination of fungal palynomorph assemblages coupled with traditional plant-based palynology permits delineation of local, as opposed to regional, climate signals and provides a baseline for study of ancient fungas. Here, the Fungi in a Warmer World project presents paleoecology and paleoclimatology of 351 fungal morphotypes from 3 sites in the United States: the Clarkia Konservat-Lagerstätte site (Idaho), the Alum Bluff site (Florida), and the Bouie River site (Mississippi). Of these, 83 fungi are identified as extant taxa and 41 are newly reported from the Miocene. Combining new plant-based …

Conning The Crypto Conman: End-To-End Analysis Of Cryptocurrency-Based Technical Support Scams, Bhupendra Acharya, Muhammad Saad, Antonio Emanuele Cinà, Lea Schönherr, Hoang Dai Nguyen, Adam Oest, Phani Vadrevu, Thorsten Holz

Faculty Publications

The mainstream adoption of cryptocurrencies has led to a surge in wallet-related issues reported by ordinary users on social media platforms. In parallel, there is an increase in an emerging fraud trend called cryptocurrency-based technical support scam, in which fraudsters offer fake wallet recovery services and target users experiencing wallet-related issues.In this paper, we perform a comprehensive study of cryptocurrency-based technical support scams. We present an analysis apparatus called HoneyTweet to analyze this kind of scam. Through HoneyTweet, we lure over 9K scammers by posting 25K fake wallet support tweets (so-called honey tweets). We then deploy automated systems to interact …

The Translational Oscillation In Oocyte And Early Embryo Development, Rajan Iyyappan, Daria Aleshkina, Hao Ming, Michal Dvoran, Kianoush Kakavand, Denisa Jansova, Edgar Del Llano, Lenka Gahurova, Alexander W. Bruce, Tomas Masek, Martin Pospisek, Filip Horvat, Michal Kubelka, Zongliang Jiang, Andrej Susor

Faculty Publications

Translation is critical for development as transcription in the oocyte and early embryo is silenced. To illustrate the translational changes during meiosis and consecutive two mitoses of the oocyte and early embryo, we performed a genome-wide translatome analysis. Acquired data showed significant and uniform activation of key translational initiation and elongation axes specific to M-phases. Although global protein synthesis decreases in M-phases, translation initiation and elongation activity increases in a uniformly fluctuating manner, leading to qualitative changes in translation regulation via the mTOR1/4F/eEF2 axis. Overall, we have uncovered a highly dynamic and oscillatory pattern of translational reprogramming that contributes to …

The Influence Of Salinity And Vegetation Texture On The Ecological Roles Of Insects In Tidal Marshes In Louisiana, Benjamin G. Aker, Claudia Husseneder, Lane D. Foil

Faculty Publications

Tidal marsh insect communities are influenced by both salinity and aspects of vegetation texture (vegetation diversity, plant density, and architectural structure). These factors affect the abundances and intra- and interguild interactions of these insects and should result in broad-scale variation in the distribution and ecological functioning of tidal marsh insect communities along these gradients. However, this assumption has not been tested within Gulf Coast marshes, and the insect communities and their ecological roles are not well known. This study identifies how family-level insect biodiversity varies by salinity and which factors are most important in affecting the distribution of insect functional …

A Survey On Mosquito Control Knowledge And Insecticide Use In New Orleans, La, 2020–2021, Erin R. Cloherty, Janet C. Mcallister, James A. Ottea, Kristen Healy, Claudia Riegel

Faculty Publications

Mosquitoes are a known public nuisance and can vector various diseases. Historically, New Orleans, LA, has long been acquainted with the burden of mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria and yellow fever in the 20th century and West Nile virus in the 21st century. Government mosquito control awareness campaigns have been around for decades as has the use of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides by mosquito abatement districts. However, few data are available on public perception of mosquito control and public usage of insecticides to kill mosquitoes in New Orleans. We conducted a survey from August 2020 to July 2021 to evaluate …

Behavioral-Dependent Recursive Movements And Implications For Resource Selection, Nicholas W. Bakner, Bret A. Collier, Michael J. Chamberlain

Faculty Publications

Within home ranges, animals repeatedly visit certain areas. Recursive movement patterns are widespread throughout the animal kingdom, but are rarely considered when developing resource selection models. We examined how behavioral state-dependent recursive movements influenced reource selection of eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) broods as they aged from day 1 to 28. Because broods become more plastic in behaviors once they begin roosting off the ground, we separated data into broods that were ground roosting (1–13 days) and tree roosting (14–28 days). We used Hidden Markov Models to identify 2 behavioral states (restricted and mobile). We extracted state-specific recursive movements …

A Trait Dataset For Freshwater Mussels Of The United States Of America, Garrett W. Hopper, Jamie R. Bucholz, Traci P. Dubose, Kaelyn J. Fogelman, Sean M. Keogh, Megan E. Kubala, Matthew B. Lodato, David H. Nichols, Irene Sánchez González, John M. Pfeiffer, James A. Stoeckel, Jeffrey D. Lozier, Carla L. Atkinson

Faculty Publications

The United States of America has a diverse collection of freshwater mussels comprising 301 species distributed among 59 genera and two families (Margaritiferidae and Unionidae), each having a unique suite of traits. Mussels are among the most imperilled animals and are critical components of their ecosystems, and successful management, conservation and research requires a cohesive and widely accessible data source. Although trait-based analysis for mussels has increased, only a small proportion of traits reflecting mussel diversity in this region has been collated. Decentralized and non-standardized trait information impedes large-scale analysis. Assembling trait data in a synthetic dataset enables comparison across …

New Insights In The Mechanisms Of Weight-Loss Maintenance: Summary From A Pennington Symposium, Emily W. Flanagan, Redin Spann, Sarah E. Berry, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, Stephanie Broyles, Gary D. Foster, Jonathan Krakoff, Ruth J.F. Loos, Michael R. Lowe, Danielle M. Ostendorf, Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley, Leanne M. Redman, Michael Rosenbaum, Philip R. Schauer, Randy J. Seeley, Boyd A. Swinburn, Kevin Hall, Eric Ravussin

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Obesity is a chronic disease that affects more than 650 million adults worldwide. Obesity not only is a significant health concern on its own, but predisposes to cardiometabolic comorbidities, including coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. Lifestyle interventions effectively promote weight loss of 5% to 10%, and pharmacological and surgical interventions even more, with some novel approved drugs inducing up to an average of 25% weight loss. Yet, maintaining weight loss over the long-term remains extremely challenging, and subsequent weight gain is typical. The mechanisms underlying weight regain remain to be fully elucidated. The purpose …