Digital Commons Network^™

Holocaust Martyred Children Label

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Label with candle, forest, and children with title in Hebrew.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Judaica label, forest of the martyred children. There were 1.5 million murdered children in the Holocaust.

Polish Stamp Commemorating Majdanek Death Camp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamp with green illustration of a skeleton in Nazi uniform pouring gas on a compound of buildings.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Majdanek Death Camp stamp issued by Poland in 1946 commemorating the atrocities that took place there. Stamp depicts death in skeletal form of a Third Reich Nazi pouring Zyklon B into gas chambers.

Polish Stamp Commemorating The Liberation Of Lodz

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamp with blue illustration of smokestacks. Titled, "Poczta Polska."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Polish stamp commemorating the liberation of Lodz in 1945.

Polish Stamp Commemorating The Liberation Of Warsaw

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamp with red illustration of a man holding a flag and a woman. Titled, "Poczta Polska."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Polish stamp commemorating the liberation of Warsaw in 1945.

Polish Stamp Commemorating The Liberation Of Lodz

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamp with illustration of a monument with a statue of a man on top. Titled, "Poczta Polska."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Polish stamp commemorating the liberation of Lodz in 1945.

Poland Occupation Coupons

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Blue coupons on serated paper, each titled, "Generalgouvernement." Each has an illustration of farmwork or livestock.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Coupons from occupied Poland, the Generalgouvernement, which served as money for forced labor in the Generalgouvernement.

British Ambulance Corps Label

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White stamp with illustration of a man on horseback skewering a Swastika-laden mythical creature. Titled, "Bought to Aid Britain."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Szyk labels for the British Amublance Corps.

American Federation Of Polish Jews Label

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White stamp with red illustration of three Jewish people, including a bearded man with a Star of David armband. Titled, "They Shall Not Die.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Szyk labels for the American Federation for Polish Jews.

Emergency Committee To Save The People Of Europe Label

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White stamp with black illustration of a man holding a chain with a child and young men. A barbed wire Swastika in the corner. Titled, "Help Us Survive!"

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Szyk label for the Emergency Committee to Save the People of Europe.

Arthur Szyk:Emergency Committee To Save The People Of Europe Labels

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Four stamps titled, "Save Human Lives." The first has an illustration of a soldier and mechanic with a bearded celestial figure. The second has an illustration of a soldier holding a Jewish man with a Star of David armband. The third shows two children wearing Star of David armbands. The fourth shows a Rabbi holding a Torah.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Arthur Szyk illustrator: labels for the Emergency Committee to Save the People of Europe.

Antisemitic Label For Doctors

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Small white label with blue Star of David. Titled, "Zur ärztlichen Behandlung ausschliesslich von Juden berechtigt."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A label required for Jewish doctors, consequent to the Nuremberg Laws, which announced that their practice was restricted to Jewish patients.

Antisemitic Label

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White label with blue Star of David. Titled, "Zur ärztlichen Behandlung ausschliesslich von Juden berechtigt."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A Nazi label required for Jewish doctors, which announced that their practice was restricted to Jewish patients.

Antisemitic Label

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Blue label with illustration of river and hills titled, "Kauft nicht bei Juden."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

German label with Swastika exhorting people not to buy from Jews.

Antisemitic Label

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Black label with skull titled, "De Joden Buiten!"

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Antisemitic label from Belgium: "Out With Jews!"

"The White Book" Poem Postcard

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Postcard with red border titled, "The White Book." Includes a poem in English. Back is blank.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: English anti-German propaganda, World War II.

Kenyon Collegian - March 31, 2016

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Photograph Known As The Last Jew In Vinnitsa

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Man sitting in front of a mass grave of many bodies. A man in Nazi uniform points a gun at the first man's head. Behind him are a number of soldiers. Along side of image is the following text: 5/2/1961: CHICAGO: Photo obtained by Al Moss, of Chicago, a former Nazi concentration camp prisoner, shows the execution of a Polish Jew by a German officer at a mass grave somewhere in Poland. Moss said he obtained the picture in Munich in May, 1945 soon after his liberation by American 3rd Army troops. He said he wanted the people of …

Erich Von Dem Bach-Zelewski

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Black and white photograph of a man in glasses in Nazi uniform.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski was highly regarded by Hitler for his brutality and improvisational skills. As SS general and general of the Waffen-SS assigned to the Russian front, Bach-Zelewski was a leader of the Einsatzgruppen, and was thus responsible for many atrocities on the eastern front in which he took a personal part. In October 1941, after 35,000 people had been executed in Riga, he proudly wrote "there is not a Jew left in Estonia." He actively participated in massacres of Jews …

Testimony Signed By Karl Hermann Frank

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White paper with printed and handwritten German. Includes three signatures on the bottom right including one from Karl Hermann Frank.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Karl Hermann Frank (1898-1946) was SS Obergruppenfuhrer and a prominent Sudeten German Nazi official in Czechoslovakia serving under Reich protector Reinhard Heydrich until the latter's assassination. Frank was instrumental in implementing Hitler's orders of revenge, which included the destruction of the Czech villages of Lidice and Lezaky, the murder of their male inhabitants, and the deportation of women and young adults to concentration camps. Frank was executed in 1946. Document signed twice by Frank, …

Family Farm Conversation Between Sacks And Students, Howard Sacks

Interviews

Professor Sacks speaks to Kenyon College students about the course and about living in a rural community. The students discuss how their involvement in the Family Farm Project altered their perspectives on farm life.

Kenyon Collegiate - March 28, 2016

Kenyon Collegiate

No abstract provided.

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard Returned Not Sent

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with purple printed postcard lines. Handwritten address to Mina Baum from Amalia Fisch. Includes message written in black ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Litzmannstadt Ghetto postcard addressed to Mina Baum in Lublin from Amalia Fisch in Litzmannstadt. Postcard returned by German censor, never mailed. A card from Litzmanndstadt to Lublin, Poland. Returned by censor for apparent violations-"INHALT UNZULASSIG" ("CONTENTS INADMISSIBLE") due to mentioning: "Life is extremely difficult." "As long as we have a little money we can exist." "What lies ahead only our dear God knows." "My dying would be more peaceful and I will be …

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard Returned

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with purple printed postcard lines with handwritten address to S. Hirowska and return address from S. Hajskopf with message written in ink. Message has red markings over it.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Postcard addressed to S. Hirowska in Warsaw, return address from S. Hajskopf in Lidzmannstadt Ghetto with message written in ink. Postcard returned unsent. The notations "unclean", "Yiddish and Jewish language forbidden" and "Returned" were applied by German censor. Return address: S. Hajskopf, Litzmannstadt Ghetto , "Litzmannstadt Ghetto, Dec 25. Translation: "Dear Aunt, Uncle, and Emek, Grandmother and I received your card and it made …

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with green printed postcard lines. Includes handwritten address in blue to Rev. Leon Rosenberg with return address from Hermann Pfamensh Rosenberg. Includes a message written in blue ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Litzmannstadt Ghetto postcard sent from one brother Hermann Rosenberg to another, Rev. Leon Rosenberg, possibly converted to Christianity and living in the U.S.A. Purple handstamp of Rumkowski and Judenrat (Jewish Elders), German censor markings.

"Dear Brother: Again the Lord has brought us great joy that we received your letter for which we thank you very much. We are very happy to hear that the …

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard Returned Due To Inadmissible Contents

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with printed purple postcard lines. Includes handwritten address to J. Rosenblum from Shw. Berek and handwritten message.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

"Censored postcard from Litzmannstadt Ghetto prisoner to Jewish resident of Warsaw with red lined censor markings and hand- stamped ""INHALT UNZULASSIG"" meaning that some of the contents were inadmissible. Hence this postcard not sent.

Dear Parents and Grandparents, We received your letter dear father and the card -- On the first I shall give you an answer to the card that you sent. I am sorry that I cannot take care of the package that …

Censored Postcard Litzmannstadt Ghetto With "Inhalt Unzulassig" Cachet And Erased Content From Israel Beidermann

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with printed purple postcard lines with handwritten address to Kurt Schaffer from Israel Biedrmann with handwritten message including one censored portion.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Postcard returned not posted due to inadmissible contents. Litzmannstadt Ghetto prisoner Mr. Biedermann’s postcard was ineligible to be posted due to German censor discovering content that would be too provocative to mail. Hence the stamped censor mark “INHALT UNZULASSIG”. These decisions were quite arbitrary and ensured that prisoners were cut off from the outside world.

"Israel" Envelope

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Purple grey envelope with typewritten address to Henri Landauer and return address typewritten on back flap to Julius Israel Josephi.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A law enacted August 17, 1938 required Jews with non-Jewish forenames to assume the name "Sara" if a woman and "Israel" if a man. This law became effective January 1, 1939. These names were to be used on all correspondence -- private or official -- including return addresses on mail.

Third Reich Cover To Dr. Pappenheimer In Shanghai From Isaak Gottleib

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan envelope with typewritten address to Mr. & Mrs. D. Pappenheimer. Includes handwritten address on back flap from Mr. Isaak Gottlieb.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: This envelope to Dr. Pappenheimer traveled through Siberia to reach its destination in Shanghai where Jews were given safe haven. Nazi censor markings.

Birth Announcement

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Card: White card with printed and handwritten information and an illustration of a baby in a crib.Envelope: White envelope with handwritten address in blue and an SS stamp. Return address written on back flap.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A card from a guard at the Sachsenhausen/Oranienburg concentration camp, with an SS Cachet on the front and address on reverse. It contains a birth announcement for the guard's baby boy.

The American Joint Distribution Committee As Courier Post-World War Ii Envelope To Australia

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Green envelope with handwritten address to Mr. Gerhard M. Boehm with handwritten reutrn address to Louise Cohn-Boehm with censor tape and stamp.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: In addition to its various humanitarian missions, the American Joint Distribution Committee acted as a mail carrier not only for its field workers, but also for refugees, displaced persons and other Jews in need. For the most part, this service was provided through its Paris office. Mail would be gathered at other offices and sent by courier to Paris whence it would then be sent abroad either by messenger or under cover …