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Steering The Cultural Dynamics, Yoshihisa Kashima, Emiko S. Kashima, Ruth Beatson

IACCP Proceedings of the Biennial International Conferences

A peer-revieved book based on presentations at the XX Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2010, Melbourne, Australia. Edited by Yoshihisa Kashima, Emiko Kashima, and Ruth Beatson.

(c) 2013, International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology

A Qiang Perspective On Promoting The Rehabilitation Of Children Affected By The Earthquake, S. Chai, Xian Gui Yang, Shuguang Wang

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The Qiang ethnic minority had a population of around 300,000 at the time of the earthquake. The Qiang mostly inhabit the poorest and most socially disadvantaged remote rural mountainous areas of the Wen Chuan and Mao Wen Qiang Autonomous Counties of Sichuan. The Qiang have a continuous cultural history dating from the Diqiang groups of the Xia Dynasty (16th to 11th century BC). They have their own language and animistic belief system, and have developed their own traditional ways of dealing with disasters. The Qiang’s myth of “Bubita” (God) and the legend of “Mutazhu and Douanzhu” (a heroic story) are …

Worker Wellbeing In Malaysia: Prediction Of Wellbeing From Psychosocial Work Environment, Organizational Justice And Work Family Conflict, R Zirwatul Aida R Ibrahim, Keis Ohtsuka

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The current study investigates if psychosocial work environment, organizational justice and work family conflict predict Malaysian workers’ wellbeing. The current study expands previous research by assessing wellbeing using composite measures of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect as well as job affective wellbeing, psychological and spiritual wellbeing. One thousand one hundred and sixty five Malaysian workers in the manufacturing sector (551 men, 614 women, age range: 18-59 years) answered questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that psychosocial work environment, organizational justice and work family conflict predicted wellbeing. With regard to ethnic and cultural differences in wellbeing, Indian-Malaysians …

The Explanations For Unemployment Scale: An Eight-Country Study On Factor Equivalence, Kostas Mylonas, Adrian Furnham, Emmanouil Konstantinidis, Sofia Papazoglou, William Divale, Cigdem Leblebici, Sonia Gondim, Angela Moniz, Hector Grad, Jose Luis Alvaro, Romeo Zeno Zeno, Anna Filus, Pawel Boski

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Explanations for Unemployment have been studied through a 20-item scale created by Furnham (1982) on three theoretical dimensions: the individualistic, the societal, and the fatalistic. In this study we revised this scale to co-ordinate it with contemporary social and economic facts and through metric testing-adjustments and multivariate statistical analysis we arrived at a 19-item scale retaining eight of the original scale items. This revised scale was statistically and theoretically valid as its factor structure closely resembled the original factor structure Furnham had described. For the second stage of the study, data were collected from eight countries and multilevel covariance structure …

Does Tolerance Reflect A More Inclusive Self-Construal? A Comparison Of Poland, East And West Germany, Maja K. Schachner, Toby Robertson, Fons Van De Vijver, Friedrich Funke, Dorota Brzezinska

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Past research suggests that Poland and Germany differ in the inclusiveness of their “moral universe”, i.e. the breadth of the community to which people apply moral values and rules of fairness (Schwartz, 2007). It seems likely that this difference is reflected in a more or less inclusive definition of one’s ingroup. The present study investigated (1) whether there are indeed differences in ingroup inclusiveness as manifested in differential construals of the self in East and West Germany and Poland and (2) whether those differences are reflected in differences in tolerance. As expected, participants in West Germany had the most inclusive …

Ensuring Rigor In Qualitative Research Within The Field Of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Carolin Demuth

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Within recent years, there has been an increasing call for qualitative research in cross-cultural psychology. Despite this general openness, there seems to be some confusion about how to evaluate the quality of such research. This has been partly due to the heterogeneity of the field and the epistemological underpinnings of qualitative research that do not allow for standard criteria of rigor as in the traditional psychological research. Nevertheless, there is an emerging canon of recognized standards of good practice in qualitative research which the present paper will briefly discuss. The paper aims at motivating cross-cultural psychologists to produce high quality …

Situational Analysis From Two Studies Facilitating The Development Of A Psycho- Cultural Rehabilitation Program For Children Affected By The 12 May 2008 Earthquake In Sichuan, China, Shuguang Wang, Daphne Keats, Melissa Gao, S. Zhang, Xian Gui Yang, S. Chai

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The data presented are from two field studies: (1) a survey of 2234 current children’s caregivers; and (2) interviews with 1200 children, evaluating the children’s social, psychological and behavioural situation after the devastating Sichuan earthquake in the hard-hit Qiang ethnic community. Insights from the findings will be used to develop an evidence-based, culturally appropriate approach on the best use of cultural resources to facilitate the children’s post-disaster rehabilitation. Evidence from the first study indicated that the disaster had a significant impact on the ethnic Qiang children and their families in regard to personal loss, physical injury, social relationships and psychological …

The Background To The Research: Cultural, Theoretical And Methodological Issues, Daphne Keats, Shuguang Wang

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The disastrous earthquake of 12 May, 2008 had its greatest impact on the Qiang people, an ethnic minority living in the mountainous regions of Sichuan at the earthquake’s epicentre. Over 80,000 people died, over a million were injured or missing, most buildings collapsed and most homes were demolished under the avalanches. Thousands of children were evacuated to safety, some moved to far distant locations. The research team from the University of Newcastle responded to the plea of the Qiang leaders to help the children. In cooperation with the China-Australia Centre for Cross-Cultural Studies, a three stage psycho-cultural research program was …

A Psycho-Cultural Program Of Research To Assist Children Affected By The Sichuan Earthquake, China, 12 May, 2008, Daphne Keats

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

No abstract provided.

More Than Masks And Capes: Considering Comics As Political Discourse, Gregory Shafer

Language Arts Journal of Michigan

No abstract provided.

Protecting Pedagogical Choice: Theory, Graphic Novels, And Textual Complexity, Lisa Schade Eckert

Language Arts Journal of Michigan

No abstract provided.

An Overview Of The Schwartz Theory Of Basic Values, Shalom H. Schwartz

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

This article presents an overview of the Schwartz theory of basic human values. It discusses the nature of values and spells out the features that are common to all values and what distinguishes one value from another. The theory identifies ten basic personal values that are recognized across cultures and explains where they come from. At the heart of the theory is the idea that values form a circular structure that reflects the motivations each value expresses. This circular structure, that captures the conflicts and compatibility among the ten values is apparently culturally universal. The article elucidates the psychological principles …

Surfing As Adventure Travel: Motivations And Lifestyles, Zachariah Reynolds, Nancy M. Hritz Dr.

Journal of Tourism Insights

The purpose of this study was to create a profile of the adventure traveler’s lifestyles, values and travel motivations. An understanding of the lifestyle and attitudes of today’s adventure traveler can aid tourism marketers in designing messages tailored to this unique target market. Differences and similarities between genders and the age cohorts of Generation Y, Generation X and Baby Boomers were examined. Across the sample most participated in a “traditional” type of sport before migrating to an adventure activity and they also engaged in more than one type of adventure activity.

Across the sample, the participants traveled in order to …

Lanthorn, Vol. 46, No. 63, June 4, 2012, Grand Valley State University

Volume 46, July 14, 2011 - June 18, 2012

Lanthorn is Grand Valley State's student newspaper, published from 1968 to the present.

Bias And Equivalence In Cross-Cultural Research, Jia He, Fons Van De Vijver

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Bias and equivalence are key concepts in the methodology of cross-cultural studies. Bias is a generic term for any challenge of the comparability of cross-cultural data; bias leads to invalid conclusions. The demonstration of equivalence (lack of bias) is a prerequisite for any cross-cultural comparison. we first describe considerations that are relevant when choosing instruments in a cross-cultural study, notably the question of whether an existing or new instrument is to be preferred.We then describe the definition, manifestation, and sources of three types of bias (construct, method, and item bias), and three levels of equivalence (construct, measurement unit, and full …

Introductory Psychology Texts And The Inclusion Of Culture, Walter J. Lonner, Elke Murdock

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

This subunit and its future extensions are intended for use in courses of study that focus, either partially or completely, on psychology and culture. The content of these contributions are expected to be helpful to both teachers and students because they address the nature and scope of the inclusion of culture in basic psychology instruction – especially as it pertains to the coverage of culture in the ubiquitous (at least in the Western world) introductory psychology texts (IPTs). In this paper we present data that document the extent to which authors of IPTs have dealt with culture over a 20-year …

An Exploratory Study Of Perceptions Of Benefits And Barriers To Study Abroad For Students With Disabilities, Melissa Jean Kutsche

Masters Theses

Although roughly 11% of college students identify as students with disabilities, in 2009 only 3.6% of students who studied abroad were students with disabilities. Due to the lack of research on the topic, little is known about the reasons for this underrepresentation. In this exploratory study, qualitative data analysis was used to analyze responses to an open-ended survey distributed to 749 students with disabilities at a Midwestern university. Responses from 28 students indicate that students with disabilities perceive various benefits and barriers to study abroad, and that demographic characteristics such as type of disability, age, and marital status are not …

Stereotyping From The Perspective Of Perceivers And Targets, Saera R. Khan, Teena Benda, Michael N. Stagnaro

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

This article provides insight into the process of stereotyping from two different perspectives: the perceiver and the target. From the perceiver's perspective, motivational and cognitive reasons for relying on stereotypes for judgment are discussed. From the targets’ perspective, stereotype threat research is reviewed. From both perspectives, it is clear that stereotypes represent a dual-edged sword for both perceiver and target group members. Finally, research incorporating both perspectives provides useful interventions for prejudice reduction.

Does The Importance Of Parent And Peer Relationships For Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction Vary Across Cultures?, Beate Schwarz, Boris Mayer, Gisela Trommsdorff, Asher Ben-Arieh, Mihaela Friedlmeier, Katarzyna Lubiewska, Ramesh Mishra, Karl Peltzer

Peer Reviewed Articles

This study investigated whether the associations between (a) the quality of the parent-child relationship and peer acceptance and (b) early adolescents’ life satisfaction differed depending on the importance of family values in the respective culture. As part of the Value of Children Study, data from a sub-sample of N = 1,034 adolescents (58% female, M age = 13.62 years, SD = 0.60 years) from 11 cultures was analyzed. Multilevel analyses revealed a positive relation between parental admiration and adolescents’ life satisfaction independent of cultural membership. Further, the higher the importance of family values in a culture, the weaker was the …

The Veil Of Esteem: On Seeing Oneself Being Seen (Part Three: A Loan), Melba Vélez Ortiz

Peer Reviewed Articles

This essay is the third and final of a three-part series titled “The Veil of Esteem: On Seeing Oneself Being Seen.” Inspired by Walter Benjamin’s “reflection through vignette” method, I inquire into the notions and interconnections between memory and esteem. Esteem is the truth of oneself through the eyes of the other, and any truth of esteem must be told from the perspective of that other, through the spectating other. Thus, I find that any story of esteem is veiled. This final part, A Loan, posits that our unified recollection is a fiction culled from fragmented truths. This isn’t all …

On Pragmatism And Esteem, Melba Vélez Ortiz

Peer Reviewed Articles

Is the Penn State controversy a public relations crisis or a moral one? While all relevant parties have made public efforts to carry out public relations campaigns to salvage their individual reputations, efforts to address the moral aspects of their actions are lacking. A proper pragmatic and post-pragmatic effort to regain public esteem demands an institutional commitment to transparency; to look to the truth for aid and then tell the truth. A true pragmatic approach demands ethical agents look beyond temporary benefits in order to properly calibrate human aims and purposes. More contemporary forms of pragmatism grounded in critical and …

2012 Author Recognition Bibliography, Grand Valley State University Libraries

Author Recognition Archives

No abstract provided.

Sex Differences In Sports Across 50 Societies, Robert O. Deaner, Brandt A. Smith

Peer Reviewed Articles

Sports have been frequently explored in cross-cultural studies, yet scant attention has been paid to female participation. Here we coded the occurrence of sports and related activities for males and females in the societies comprising the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) probability sample. We then tested several predictions derived from evolutionary theory. As predicted, in all 50 societies with documented sports, there were more male sports than female sports; hunting and combat sports were almost exclusively male activities; and the sex difference in sports was greater in patriarchal than in nonpatriarchal societies. These results show that a robust sex difference …

Including Social Goals In Achievement Motivation Research: Examples From The Philippines, Ronnel B. King, Dennis M. Mcinerney

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Traditional theories of achievement motivation such as achievement goal theory mostly neglected its more social aspects. This paper focuses on social goal as a key construct and argues for the need to include social goals in the research agenda. This is especially important when conducting research among collectivist societies where the interdependent self-construal is more salient. Examples of social goal research done within one collectivist culture, the Philippines, are provided. Overall, social goal research in the Philippines supports the inclusion of social goals when examining students’ motivational dynamics.

Sex Differences In Sports Across 50 Societies, Robert O. Deaner, Brandt A. Smith

Peer Reviewed Articles

Sports have been frequently explored in cross-cultural studies, yet scant attention has been paid to female participation. Here we coded the occurrence of sports and related activities for males and females in the societies comprising the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) probability sample. We then tested several predictions derived from evolutionary theory. As predicted, in all 50 societies with documented sports, there were more male sports than female sports; hunting and combat sports were almost exclusively male activities; and the sex difference in sports was greater in patriarchal than in nonpatriarchal societies. These results show that a robust sex difference …

Revisiting The Mutual Embeddedness Of Culture And Mental Illness, David Lackland Sam, Virginia Moreira

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

In this paper, we discuss the intricate relationship between culture and mental illness. Our central position is that there cannot be mental illness without culture. We argue that our limited knowledge to the onset, manifestation, course and outcome of mental illness is due in part to the cross-cultural psychological conceptualization of culture, where culture is seen as an independent variable influencing mental illness, the dependent variable. This is in addition to the limitations of the biomedical model in accounting for the origins of mental illness. Using depression and schizophrenia as examples, we argue for the need to see culture and …

Assessment Of Acculturation: Issues And Overview Of Measures, Ozgur Celenk, Fons J.R. Van De Vijver

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Publicly available acculturation measures are systematically reviewed based on three criteria: scale descriptors (name of the scale, authors, year, target group, age group, subscales, and number of items), psychometric properties (reliabilities) and conceptual and theoretical structure (acculturation conditions, acculturation orientations, acculturation outcomes, acculturation attitudes, acculturation behaviors, conceptual model and life domains). Majority of the reviewed acculturation measures are short, single-scale instruments that are directed to specific target groups. Additionally, they mainly assess behavioral acculturation outcomes than acculturation conditions and orientations. Regarding the psychometric properties; most measures have an adequate internal consistency; yet cross-cultural validity of the instruments have not been …

Promotion, Prevention Or Both: Regulatory Focus And Culture Revisited, Jenny Kurman, Chin Ming Hui

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Regulatory focus theory (e.g., Higgins, 1997) presented a differentiation between promotion orientation, focused on growth and advancement, and prevention orientation, focused on safety and security. Cross-culture differences in these systems generally show that that collectivist, Eastern cultures (mostly East-Asian cultures) are considered as prevention oriented whereas Western cultures are considered as promotion oriented. Two main claims that contribute to the refinement of the relations between culture and regulatory foci will be presented. The first refinement pertains to the relations between individualism-collectivism and regulatory foci on base of the vertical-horizontal distinction, showing that vertical collectivism is especially relevant to regulatory foci. …

Asian American Mental Health: What We Know And What We Don't Know, Joyce P. Chu, Stanley Sue

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

This chapter reviews and critically examines issues regarding the mental health of Asians in the United States. As a distinct ethnic group in the United States, Asian Americans have experienced value conflicts between their own ethnic culture and that of mainstream Americans, as well as instances of racial prejudice and discrimination. Given these experiences, it is important to examine the mental health status of Asian Americans. Several consistent research findings have emerged. First, few Asian Americans utilize the mental health system. Second, those who do use services are highly disturbed in terms of psychiatric disorders. Third, cultural factors appear to …

Creativity In The Brazilian Culture, Denise S. Fleith

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Research has pointed out creativity as a sociocultural and contextually embedded phenomenon. As a consequence, the effect of cultural factors on the manifestation of creativity has been discussed worldwide. The purpose of this chapter is, therefore, to analyze the development of creativity in the Brazilian culture. A brief description of the Brazilian culture is provided. Models of creativity developed by Brazilian researchers, as well as a review of creativity studies conducted in the educational environment, are presented. Guidelines for future cross-cultural studies on creativity are also suggested.