Digital Commons Network^™

Real Boys Don't Do Language And Literacy--Or Do They?, Christen M. Pearson

MITESOL Journal: An Online Publication of MITESOL

Over the past several decades, there has been a decline in boys’ achievement, along with documentation of increasing struggles in language (both first and second) and literacy acquisition (Carr & Pauwels, 2006). To address this problem, gender differences have been looked at through the lens of socially and culturally constructed identity (Kindlon & Thompson, 2000; Pollack, 1998); however, emerging neurolinguistic research supports biological determinism, with evidence of strong biological (sex) differences in brain structure and function that impact language and learning (Bonomo, 2010; Gurian, 1996; Sax, 2005). This paper first provides an overview of current brain-based research on sex differences, …

Driving Rvpark/Campground Selection: A Grounded Theory Approach, Aj Templeton, Jill Fjelstul, Kimberly Severt, Yeon Ho Shin

Journal of Tourism Insights

The ability to “provide almost unrestricted land travel” (Prideaux & Carson, 2003, p. 307) has made drive tourism popular for tourists. A considerable sub-sector of the drive tourism industry is that of the multi-billion-dollar recreational vehicle industry (RV). Minimal academic research has been conducted on this important sub-sector of the drive tourism industry. This study builds upon previous research towards a further understanding of the RV consumer. A grounded theory approach was used to drive the direction of the research for this study. Given the scope of the data and studies that have been done regarding RV industry, this study …

Upper Classes And Immorality: Ecological Validation Of 50 Years Of Power Research, Philippe Cachia

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Does power corrupt? Scholars have examined this causality with mixed results. This study uses the World Value Survey (WVS) database to examine the power-corruption link across cultures and time. The WVS inquires respondents’ justification for moral domains of purity/sanctity, authority/respect, and fairness/reciprocity. Power is operationalized as belonging to the upper-class. The study provides evidence that the upper-class respondents are significantly more justifying of breaking moral rules across world regions. But results also indicate that morality of upper classes is diverging with time from the rest of the population, narrowing in some countries, and widening in others. A discussion on the …

Culture And Group Processes, Christopher Kavanagh, Masaki Yuki

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Contrary to traditional views of North Americans as strongly individualistic, accumulating evidence indicates that they are actually also highly collectivistic, or group-oriented, when compared to people in other parts of the world. Review of previous findings suggest an alternative view; cultural differences in group-behavior and psychology does not reside in the levels of collectivism, or the strength and amount of identity and loyalty to the group, but rather in the type of psychological processes that bring about those phenomena: specifically, an orientation towards intergroup differentiation and comparisons in North American cultures versus an orientation towards intragroup relationships in East Asian …

The Underrepresentation Of African Americans And The Role Of Casting Directors, Chantal Suhling

School of Communications Undergraduate Research

Films are cultural products, which reflect the existing ideologies in a culture. In the American culture the two dominant ideologies are white normativity and patriarchy. With the Oscars right around the corner, the world is anticipating this year's nominees and winners. Hopes are high that this year the Academy Award for best actor will go to someone who is diverse. If films are reconstructions of culture, then can we really expect to see change at the Oscars? Through thorough qualitative research and interviews with industry professionals, a detailed picture of the role of casting directors in the casting process for …

Lanthorn, Vol. 51, No. 33, January 12, 2017, Grand Valley State University

Volume 51, July 11, 2016 - June 5, 2017

Lanthorn is Grand Valley State's student newspaper, published from 1968 to the present.

2016 Author Recognition Bibliography, Grand Valley State University

Author Recognition

No abstract provided.

Grand Valley Forum, Volume 041, Number 11, November 8, 2016, Grand Valley State University

2016-2017, Volume 41

Grand Valley Forum is Grand Valley State's faculty and staff newsletter, published from 1976 to the present.

Exploring Motivational Factors For Dude Ranch Vacations, Aj Templeton, Ji-Eun Lee

Journal of Tourism Insights

Dude-ranch vacations have been popular for a segment of travelers. Research in purchase motivation spans various sectors of the hospitality industry; however issues surrounding the dude-ranch industry remain unexplored. The objectives of the study were: (1) to examine the impact of push and pull factors of motivations on customer purchase intention in dude-ranch vacations, (2) to survey the sources of information behind purchase decision for dude ranch vacations. Factor analysis and regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results of the study indicated that pull factors significantly influenced purchase intention of dude ranch vacations more strongly than push factors. …

Reconsidering Attachment In Context Of Culture: Review Of Attachment Studies In Japan, Kazuko Y. Behrens

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

This paper revisits the attachment controversies, reexamining the debates regarding attachment phenomenon being universal or culture-specific, and reconsiders whether it is possible to conduct culturally sensitive attachment research in non-Western societies while incorporating systematic empirical designs to enable replications across cultures. The goal of this paper is to improve our understanding about the clash between the fields and achieve consensus regarding the value of attachment research while acknowledging the limitations of attachment research in certain cultural contexts. The cultural debate will focus on one non-Western culture – Japan – where the controversy began. Finally, this review proposes the way in …

Does Materialism Predict Body Hair Removal Among Undergraduate Males And Females?, Brianna Ballew

Honors Projects

Previous research indicates that materialistic women are more likely to want to alter their bodies (Henderson-King & Brooks, 2009). This study focuses specifically on the relationship between materialism and body hair removal. We collected information about the frequency of body hair removal, reasons for hair removal, and materialism (Richins & Dawson, 1992). Findings indicate that males and females do not significantly differ on materialist values. Correlational analyses reveal that for women, materialism is related to frequency of hair removal for several body sites; for men, however, materialism was related to body hair removal for only a single site. Qualitative analyses …

A Cross-Cultural Study Of Psychological Well-Being Among British And Malaysian Fire Fighters, Mohd. Dahlan Hj. A. Malek, Ida Shafinaz Mohd

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Psychological consideration has always been a part of society and it usually relates to values, beliefs, ethnicity and gender. This is the essence of cultural psychology. In recent times, this branch of psychology has developed the new arm of Cross-Cultural Psychology, an extension of psychology covering the influence on behaviour when cultural groups interact. This study is a comparative study of two cultural groups, namely Malaysian and British fire fighters. Sources of occupational stress and their impact on psychological wellbeing were examined in a questionnaire survey of 1053 British and Malaysian fire fighters. The role of coping strategies as moderating …

Locating The Self In Autobiographical Memories: A New Approach To Analysis, Radka Antalíková, Manuel L. De La Mata, AndréS SantamaríA, Mercedes Cubero, Samuel Arias, Tia G. B. Hansen

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Systematic cross-cultural variation in autobiographical memory has been reported in numerous previous research. Variations have often been interpreted as mirroring differences in culturally diverging self-conceptions, implying that content characteristics of autobiographical memories can be used as indirect measures of self. However, a majority of these characteristics rest on the traditional independence vs. interdependence dimension, and might only be suitable for typically Western and Eastern populations. Other content characteristics could be more instrumental for “locating” the self in autobiographical memories, such as the incidence of actions, mental states and reflections. We therefore propose a new approach to content analysis of autobiographical …

Cross-Cultural Differences In The Use Of Disciplinary Methods Among Chinese, Immigrant Chinese And English Mothers, Ching-Yu Huang

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Researchers have long studied parenting practices, and have recently paid increasing attention to cross-cultural differences. Unfortunately, most of the research has only examined self-report data; studies including both self-report and observational data are still very rare. This study examined the disciplinary methods of mothers (of 5- to 7-year-old children) in a cross-cultural sample (N = 89: 30 Chinese in Taiwan, 30 Chinese immigrants in the UK, and 29 non-immigrant white English in the UK) using both questionnaires and observational data. Cultural differences were found between groups both in reported, as well as observed parenting. The Taiwanese mothers reported greater …

Culture, Emotional Expression And Parental Socialization Strategies Among Two-Year-Old Israeli Toddlers, Manal Khoury Karayanni, Jenny Kurman

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

One of the most important developments in childhood is the development of emotional expression and its regulation. The capacity for the deliberate modulation of one’s behavior and emotion develops mainly in the second year, and it is considered a key developmental milestone that markedly transforms the child’s ability to function in the social environment (Kochanska, Coy, & Murray, 2001; Maccoby, 2007). Social norms, established by culture, dictate how, where, when and to whom specific emotions are expressed (Garrett-Peters & Fox, 2007). These norms are specific rules taught in a specific culture and dictate which emotional expressions are socially desirable in …

Cultural Perspectives On Ingroups Versus Outgroups And Shame Experiences, Bai Lin, Bee Chin Ng

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The concept of self varies across cultures: in some cultures, individuals tend to see themselves as interdependent on others, and clear distinction is made between in-groups and out-groups because in-group members are seen as part of the “BIG SELF”. In other cultures individuals see themselves as independent and autonomous and have a less salient boundary between in-groups and out-groups. Little empirical work has been done on how such different cultural perspectives on in-groups, versus out-groups, shape emotional experiences. Although emotions are always internally experienced, these experiences often involve interpersonal and social interactions, and therefore how we think of ourselves in …

Cultural Change, Human Activity, And Cognitive Development, Mary Gauvain, Robert L. Munroe

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

No abstract provided.

Cognitive Interview As An Effective Method In Cross-Cultural Research: A Study Of Organizational Leaders In Sweden And India, Urmi Nanda Biswas, Karin Allard, Annika Härenstam, Anders Poussette

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

This research attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of cognitive interview (CI) techniques in the process of finalizing the survey instrument by establishing the conceptual equivalence of ethical values among managers from Sweden and India, from four different sectors namely, Corporate, Health, Education and Information Technology. CI was helpful in identifying items, which were difficult to answer or to understand, and with improper response categories. The results provided substantive insight into the cultural influence in the understanding of various values in the organizations. The paper highlights the types and applications of CI in different fields of the study of human behavior.

Social Identity Complexity Theory: Attitudes Towards Diversity And Its Relationship With Nationalism, Religiosity, And Aggression, Dharshika Sabanathan, Jac Brown, Siraje Sekamanya, Michael Hough, Jeanna Sutton

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In this study we tested social identity complexity theory (Roccas & Brewer, 2002) in relation to attitudes towards diversity and the associated variables of nationalism, religiosity, and aggression in a cross-cultural study of 397 Malaysian and 240 Australian students. Australians reported higher positive attitudes towards diversity than Malaysians. Diversity was positively associated with nationalism, religiosity, and aggression in Malaysians. Traditional nationalism was negatively associated with diversity in Australians. These results support social identity complexity theory and partially support associated predictions for Australian, while contradicting predictions for Malaysians.

Multi-Factorial Measure Of Parenting And Children’S Psychological Disorders: A Cross-Cultural Study, Marwan Dwairy

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The association between parenting and child’s psychological states has been studied mainly according to Baumrind’s model of authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parenting styles or according to Rohner’s acceptance- rejection theory. This study, in contrast, rests on the assumption that since parenting is a complex and dynamic process, it is better studied in terms of parenting profiles comprising several factors than via one or two parenting factors. We administered a questionnaire measuring seven parenting factors that cover various styles of acceptance and control to 975 male and female adolescents together with a scale of psychological states. Our results show that the …

Revised Sources Of Guidance Measures: Six Events And Demographic Controls, Mark F. Peterson, Taís S. Barreto, Peter B. Smith

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In this paper, we update the country-level scores of sources of guidance reported in Peterson and Smith (2008) across 61 countries and based on 7,982 respondents. These scores represent aggregate tendencies of the use of specific sources of guidance in a country and provide an alternative to value-based cultural measures. Based on role and cognition theories, sources include how roles, rules and norms influence decision making in six frequent organizational events that managers encounter. Scores are controlled for demographic effects of respondents’ age and gender, as well as for organizational characteristics, namely ownership, department and organizational types. We also provide …

Understanding Uzbek Child Rearing As A Mediating Factor In The Government’S Reliance On Child Forced Labor During The Annual Cotton Harvest: A Pilot Project, Kathleen Crowley

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In this pilot study, 11 international students studying in the Capital District region of upstate New York completed the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Sensese, Bornstein, Haynes, Rossi, and Venuti, 2012) and two also completed the Parenting Style Questionnaire (Robinson, Mandleeco, Olsen, & Hart, 1995) in an attempt to validate these instruments for diverse cultures. All participants contributed to focus group discussions of parenting attitudes and practices in their home countries to refine the focus group methodology. Two participants from Uzbekistan were interviewed individually to explore parental attitudes and practices that may relate to that country’s ongoing reliance on forced child labor …

The Interplay Between Traditional And Modern Values And Interpersonal Variables In Mental Disorders And Mental Health, Andreas Maercker

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Our research focuses on values and mental health, and possible mediating factors. Based on two value-related theories – Schwartz’s and Inglehart’s - we suggest a complex prediction model: It hypothesises that social support mediates the relationship between traditional values and mental health, whereas the relationship between modern values and mental health is mediated by resilience. We tested our model with three large student samples from China, Russia, and Germany. By and large, our hypotheses were confirmed: Particularly traditional values were relevant for mental health by predicting social support and thence mental health. With regard to modern values, the value of …

Unity, Diversity And Culture, Christine Roland-Lévy, Patrick Denoux, Benjamin Voyer, Pawel Boski, William Gabrenya, Ann Kristin Rhode, Jérémy Lemoine

IACCP Proceedings of the Biennial International Conferences

A peer-reviewed book based on presentations at the XXII Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2014, Reims, France.

(c) 2016, International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (ebook)

East Vs. West – Developmentally Early Differences In Attention, Megumi Kuwabara, Linda B. Smith

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Growing evidence indicates a suite of generalized differences in the attentional and cognitive processes of adults from Eastern and Western cultures (Nisbett, 2003). Cognition in Eastern adults is characterized as more relational and in Western adults as more object focused (Nisbett & Miyamoto, 2005). This chapter will present evidence on the early emergence of these differences in preschoolers from Japan and the U.S. and will also present initial findings on transmission of these cultural differences being very early.

A Critical Analysis Of Acculturation, Sociocultural Pressures, Body Image, And Disordered Eating Among Asian Immigrants In Australia, Canada, And The United States, Lexa Watroba, Jayne Eckley, Arlette Ngoubene.Atioky

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Asian immigrants are an emerging ethnic minority in the United States, Australia, and Canada. Previous literature has examined how immigration to Western countries and the sociocultural pressures associated with a new host country, particularly the United States, impacts Asian immigrants’ body image and dietary regimen. However, there has been less of a focus on the level of acculturation of Asian immigrants in Canada and Australia and its relationship with body image dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and sociocultural pressures. The paucity of cross-cultural analysis and the inconclusive knowledge of how acculturation and sociocultural pressures may serve as predictors of poor body image …

Benefits And Challenges Of Qualitative Methodologies In Cross-Cultural Psychology Studies, Rafaela De Quadros Rigoni

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Qualitative research has been considered increasingly valuable for cross-cultural psychology studies, but its contributions and challenges to the field remain under discussed. This chapter does that by analysing a qualitative study which compares interpretive beliefs and behaviour of street-level workers from health, social, and law enforcement sectors working with policies for crack cocaine and heroin in the cities of Amsterdam, Netherlands, and Porto Alegre, Brazil. Challenges and contributions for the use of qualitative methodologies in cross-cultural studies were found in different research stages. Challenges were centred on how to balance empirical closure and analytical distance. Benefits relate to a wider …

Culture + Behaviour + Comparison = Cross-Cultural Psychology, John W. Berry

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

For many years I have advocated the view that cross-cultural psychology should have the following characteristics: it begins with an ethnographic search to select those settings that may provide the cultural and ecological contexts that are theoretically-relevant to the development of the particular behaviour of interest; this is followed by advancing hypotheses that link the context to the behaviour; then fieldwork is undertaken to further examine these cultural attributes, and to carry out the assessment of the behaviour of individuals. These activities are carried out across contexts for three reasons: (i) in order to gain sufficient variation in the cultural …

Festival Attendees’ Perceptions Of Green Hotel Practices, Jason D. Oliver, Alex Naar, Erin Harris

Journal of Tourism Insights

Lodging managers and festival organizers have an incentive to understand how festival attendees perceive hotels with green practices in place. Lodging managers that understand how to segment, target, and position their offerings to festival attendees, including sustainable practices, can maximize financial gains from festivals. Festival organizers have related interests: they want to minimize negative impacts on the physical environment and maximize positive customer experiences on- and off-site. To provide insights into festival attendees’ perceptions of green hotel practices that may assist both sets of stakeholders, the manuscript presents the results of a survey of convenience samples from two food festivals. …

Is “Culture” A Workable Concept For (Cross-)Cultural Psychology?, Ype Poortinga

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

In this essay three points are addressed:

First, despite repeated findings of limited cross-cultural variation for core areas of study, research in cross-cultural psychology continues to be directed mainly at finding differences in psychological functioning. This often happens at the cost of attention for similarities between groups, or invariance. As a consequence, cross-cultural psychology as a field is feeding into stereotyped views of “them” versus “us”.

Second, the notion of culture implies a holistic perspective, in which various aspects of the behavior repertoire within a group tend to be seen as hanging together. Such views tend to contribute to ideas …