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Deprogramming Members Of Religious Sects , John E. Lemoult Jan 1978

Deprogramming Members Of Religious Sects , John E. Lemoult

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Environmental Law: A Reevaluation Of Federal Pre-Emption And The Commerce Clause, Mark J. Alonso Jan 1978

Environmental Law: A Reevaluation Of Federal Pre-Emption And The Commerce Clause, Mark J. Alonso

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Comment addresses how the concern of state and local governments to regain control over environmental regulation has resulted in a marked increase in conflicts with the commerce and supremacy clauses of the Constitution. Various tests have been used by the courts to determine violations of these Constitutional provisions where environmental objectives are sought through local laws. In the field of environmental litigation, traditional tests are constantly challenged to meet the changing moral climate of the nation. This Comment weighs the desire of local legislatures for more responsive environmental regulation against the federal goal of uniform regulation and unrestrained interstate …


"Church" In The Internal Revenue Code: The Definitional Problems , Charles M. Whelan Jan 1977

"Church" In The Internal Revenue Code: The Definitional Problems , Charles M. Whelan

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Case Note: Labor Law - Collective Bargaining - Job Security Is A Proper Subject Of Negotiations Between A Public Employer And Public Employee Organization Under The Taylor Law, Joan W. Keenan Jan 1977

Case Note: Labor Law - Collective Bargaining - Job Security Is A Proper Subject Of Negotiations Between A Public Employer And Public Employee Organization Under The Taylor Law, Joan W. Keenan

Fordham Urban Law Journal

In this case note, Joan W. Keenan analyzes Board of Education v. Yonkers Federation of Teachers, 40 N.Y.2d 268, 353 N.E.2d 569, 386 N.Y.S.2d 657 (1976). In 1975 the city of Yonkers was plagued by a severe financial emergency. As part of an effort to balance its budget, plaintiff Yonkers City Board of Education unilaterally terminated the services of a number of teachers. Defendant Yonkers Federation of Teachers demanded arbitration on this issue under the terms of a job security clause contained in the collective bargaining agreement between the Board and the Federation. Plaintiff then brought a proceeding for a …


Note: Using Constitutional Zoning To Neutralize Adult Entertainment - Detroit To New York, Charles T. Fee, Jr. Jan 1977

Note: Using Constitutional Zoning To Neutralize Adult Entertainment - Detroit To New York, Charles T. Fee, Jr.

Fordham Urban Law Journal

In an effort to prevent the spread of businesses specializing in adult entertainment, many cities have utilized zoning ordinances to combat problems in certain neighborhoods. New York City, Boston, and Detroit all have instituted such restrictions. This Note will consider whether the zoning of businesses specializing in adult entertainment is a legitimate exercise of the state's police power, analyzing its potential as a violation of the first amendment and the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. In addition, the Note will examine the validity of using the twenty-first amendment to regulate adult entertainment businesses that serve alcoholic beverages.


Note: Involuntary Retirement Under The Age Discrimination Employment Act: The Bona Fide Employee Benefit Plan Exception, Robert F. Tully Jan 1977

Note: Involuntary Retirement Under The Age Discrimination Employment Act: The Bona Fide Employee Benefit Plan Exception, Robert F. Tully

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The purpose of the Age Discrimination Employment Act (ADEA) is "to promote employment of older persons based on their ability rather than age." ADEA covers workers who are at least forty years of age but less than sixty-five. The setting of these age limits, particularly the lower limit, was the cause of much debate during the formation of the law. After examining the problems of older persons seeking employment, Congress concluded that the unemployment rate for older workers was much higher than for younger workers. It found that the setting of arbitrary age limits had become common within industry and …


Case Note: Constitutional Law - Due Process - Municipal Towing Ordinance Authorizing The Assessment Of Towing Fees And Storage Charges Without Notice And Opportunity For Hearing Violates Due Process, Laurie S. Schaffer Jan 1977

Case Note: Constitutional Law - Due Process - Municipal Towing Ordinance Authorizing The Assessment Of Towing Fees And Storage Charges Without Notice And Opportunity For Hearing Violates Due Process, Laurie S. Schaffer

Fordham Urban Law Journal

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Cy Pres Powers Of The Federal Bankruptcy Courts - New Hope For Financially Distressed Charities?, George B. Reese Jan 1977

Cy Pres Powers Of The Federal Bankruptcy Courts - New Hope For Financially Distressed Charities?, George B. Reese

Fordham Urban Law Journal

During times of economic turmoil, certain private charitable institutions operating in urban areas often face financial problems. In the past, these institutions - hospitals, community service centers, and the like - were partially reimbursed by government welfare funds for their "public services" expenditures. But as the pressures on municipal budgets have increased, these reimbursements become delayed, and sometimes uncertain. A charitable corporation contemplating a petition in bankruptcy might wish to seek cy pres relief from the bankruptcy court. Cy pres, a common feature of state law, provides that a gift in trust or otherwise which is determined to have been …


The Future Of Nonguaranteed Bond Financing In New York, Michael D. Utevsky Jan 1977

The Future Of Nonguaranteed Bond Financing In New York, Michael D. Utevsky

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Internal Revenue Service As A Monitor Of Church Institutions: The Excessive Entanglement Problem, Sharon L. Worthing Jan 1977

The Internal Revenue Service As A Monitor Of Church Institutions: The Excessive Entanglement Problem, Sharon L. Worthing

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Constitutional Limitations On The Use Of Canines To Detect Evidence Of Crime, John Schuster Jan 1976

Constitutional Limitations On The Use Of Canines To Detect Evidence Of Crime, John Schuster

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Recent Developments Jan 1976

Recent Developments

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Cargo Of Fire: A Call For Stricter Regulation Of Liquefied Natural Gas Shipment And Storage, Philip Weinberg Jan 1976

Cargo Of Fire: A Call For Stricter Regulation Of Liquefied Natural Gas Shipment And Storage, Philip Weinberg

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The imminent prospect of importation of large quantities of liquefied natural gas (LNG) through congested harbors and its storage in huge tanks in densely-populated urban areas provides a classic instance of our technological reach exceeding our grasp. The severe danger of widespread fire impels an exhaustive examination of the need to import LNG through busy harbors and to store it within cities. Such conveyance and storage expose millions of persons and millions of dollars of property to extraordinary harm. Three aspects of proposed importation of LNG are particularly disturbing: (1) the federal government's insistence on promoting LNG importation prior to …


Elimination Of Arbitrary Automobile Stops: Theory And Practice, Gary D. Stumpp Jan 1976

Elimination Of Arbitrary Automobile Stops: Theory And Practice, Gary D. Stumpp

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The authority of the police to enforce the statutory restrictions governing vehicle and traffic laws has often been considered to be concomitant with a right to stop motorists arbitrarily to determine their compliance. Recently, some courts have eroded this power, to protect the constitutional rights guaranteed to individuals under the fourth amendment. In their consideration of these arbitrary automobile stops, the courts have utilized a balancing process. They consider the state interest in promoting public safety on the highways through the guaranteed enforcement of the relevant laws, as well as the duty of the police to detect and control crime. …


Restoring The Balance: The Second Amendment Revisited, David I. Caplan Jan 1976

Restoring The Balance: The Second Amendment Revisited, David I. Caplan

Fordham Urban Law Journal

In this article, the Second Amendment is analyzed through a discussion of the history of the right to private arms under English common law, the Second Amendment's legislative history and context, and the United States Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Miller. The articles argues that the private right of keeping arms plays a fundamental role in the constitutional system of checks and balances and that the Second Amendment supports the twin goals of individual and collective defense against violence and aggression. The article concludes that efforts to limit firearms possession to the organized militia undermines these twin goals …


Urban Environmental Law: Emergent Citizens' Rights For The Aesthetic, The Spiritual, And The Spacious, Nicholas A. Robinson Jan 1976

Urban Environmental Law: Emergent Citizens' Rights For The Aesthetic, The Spiritual, And The Spacious, Nicholas A. Robinson

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The issues in environmental law have been largely directed toward the natural environment, however, very recently and with growing force, new law has been channeled into the service of our nation's urban centers. Traditionally, urban environmental law included only broad schemes to redress urban ills, such as zoning laws, public housing programs, and urban renewal. In the past few years, there has been an increase in the development of personally held and asserted citizens rights to a quality urban environment. While articles on the urban environment often deal with statutory and administrative action, this article presents a different perspective, that …


Fcc Broadcast Standards For Ascertaining Community Needs, Arthur P. Deluca Jan 1976

Fcc Broadcast Standards For Ascertaining Community Needs, Arthur P. Deluca

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This comment examines: (1) the history of the ascertainment procedures, including the function of the original Primer; (2) the effect of the Renewal Primer amendments on the ascertainment procedures; and (3) the significance of the Bamford cases in light of the treatment of badly-organized groups under prior ascertainment procedures, and in light of the issuance of the Renewal Primer. The comment argues that the Primer's purpose of increasing the responsiveness of a broadcast applicant to the needs of its proposed service area has improved the situation for the more organized significant groups, such as minority groups, but its effectiveness as …


Free Exercise Of Religion In Prisons―The Right To Observe Dietary Laws, Andrea Bernstein Jan 1976

Free Exercise Of Religion In Prisons―The Right To Observe Dietary Laws, Andrea Bernstein

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Recent Developments Jan 1975

Recent Developments

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


A City In Terror. By Francis Russell. New York: The Viking Press, Inc., 1975. Pp. 256. $10.00., Joseph R. Crowley Jan 1975

A City In Terror. By Francis Russell. New York: The Viking Press, Inc., 1975. Pp. 256. $10.00., Joseph R. Crowley

Fordham Urban Law Journal

In the past decade, the greatest phenomena in the field of labor relations in the United States has been the rapid growth of the organization of public employees into structures for collective bargaining. Today's public employees have obviously concluded that enhancement of terms and conditions of employment can only be achieved through the negotiating process. The posture of public employees was in 1919 (the time period dealt with by Russell) an unthinkable concept insofar as it impinged upon the sovereignty of government. Moreover, it was deemed at that time that public employees were public servants who had no right to …


Institutional Innovation In New Towns: The Dual Developer Concept, William Nicoson Jan 1975

Institutional Innovation In New Towns: The Dual Developer Concept, William Nicoson

Fordham Urban Law Journal

New communities have long been celebrated as models for increased order and quality in the process by which rural land is brought into urban use and urban land into more intensive use. At the community level, innovations may be more readily tested in new communities rather than in existing settlements. While much attention has been focused upon innovations in technological and social systems, little attention has been given to institutional and financing innovations. Nonetheless, new institutional and financing techniques have been quietly introduced in the development of new communities. The most significant of these innovations address the problem of assuring …


The Emergency Doctrine, Civil Search And Seizure, And The Fourth Amendment, Melinda Roberts Jan 1975

The Emergency Doctrine, Civil Search And Seizure, And The Fourth Amendment, Melinda Roberts

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Due Process And The Development Of "Criminal" Safeguards In Civil Commitment Adjudications, Howard R. Hawinkins, Jr., Paul O. Sullivan Jan 1974

Due Process And The Development Of "Criminal" Safeguards In Civil Commitment Adjudications, Howard R. Hawinkins, Jr., Paul O. Sullivan

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Violence And Obscenity--Chaplinsky Revisited Jan 1973

Violence And Obscenity--Chaplinsky Revisited

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Crime Victims' Compensation- Title I Of The Proposed Victims Of Crime Act Of 1973: An Analysis Jan 1973

Crime Victims' Compensation- Title I Of The Proposed Victims Of Crime Act Of 1973: An Analysis

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This comment analyzes and explains the major provisions of Title I of the proposed Victims of Crime Act of 1973, proposed federal legislation to compensate victims of criminal acts. The comment discusses the scope of compensation, limitations and requirements for recovery, and procedures for the disposition of claims.


The New York City Noise Control Code: Not With A Bang, But A Whisper Jan 1973

The New York City Noise Control Code: Not With A Bang, But A Whisper

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This comment reviews the history of noise control legislation in New York City and examines the New York City Noise Control Code enacted in 1972 to reduce and regulate noise levels by explaining its administration, substantive limitations, and method of enforcement. The comment concludes by recognizing the important advancements promulgated by the Code and evaluating its possibility of success.


In Defense Of Capital Gains, Constantine N. Katsoris Jan 1973

In Defense Of Capital Gains, Constantine N. Katsoris

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Case Notes Jan 1973

Case Notes

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Religion In Politics And The Income Tax Exemption, Joel E. Davidson Jan 1973

Religion In Politics And The Income Tax Exemption, Joel E. Davidson

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Congressional Self-Discipline: The Power To Expel, To Exclude And To Punish, Gerald T. Mclaughlin Jan 1972

Congressional Self-Discipline: The Power To Expel, To Exclude And To Punish, Gerald T. Mclaughlin

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.