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Recovery Of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas) Following Episodic Copper Exposure: A Biochemical, Physiological, Individual, And Population Perspective, Holly Zahner May 2009

Recovery Of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas) Following Episodic Copper Exposure: A Biochemical, Physiological, Individual, And Population Perspective, Holly Zahner

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The US EPA utilizes the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) when developing site-specific water-quality criteria for copper. The BLM was calibrated using toxicity data from fixed duration continuous exposures (48 or 96h LC50). However, exposures of copper in natural aquatic systems typically vary in concentration, duration, and may occur multiple times over the life-span of an organism. Additionally, organisms will experience periods in copper free water, potentially allowing them to detoxify and recover homeostasis. Yet, the BLM framework does not consider brief exposures (<24h), multiple exposures, latent responses, or organism recovery, potentially resulting in an inaccurate assessment of exposure toxicity. A recently proposed physiologically-based addition to the BLM will extend the applicability of the framework to brief, multiple pulse copper exposures. Thus, the overall goal of this research was to characterize the recovery of larval Pimephales promelas following episodic copper exposure at a biochemical, physiological, individual, and population level.
The response of whole-body sodium, whole-body Na+/K+-ATPase, and whole-body carbonic anhydrase in larval P. promleas was quantified …

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New Directions In Multivariate Public Key Cryptography, Raymond Heindl May 2009

New Directions In Multivariate Public Key Cryptography, Raymond Heindl

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Most public key cryptosystems used in practice are based on integer factorization or discrete logarithms (in finite fields or elliptic curves). However, these systems suffer from two potential drawbacks. First, they must use large keys to maintain security, resulting in decreased efficiency. Second, if large enough quantum computers can be built, Shor's algorithm will render them completely insecure.
Multivariate public key cryptosystems (MPKC) are one possible alternative. MPKC makes use of the fact that solving multivariate polynomial systems over a finite field is an NP-complete problem, for which it is not known whether there is a polynomial algorithm on quantum …

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Microcantilever-Based Force Sensing, Control And Imaging, Reza Saeidpourazar May 2009

Microcantilever-Based Force Sensing, Control And Imaging, Reza Saeidpourazar

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This dissertation presents a distributed-parameters base modeling framework for microcantilever (MC)-based force sensing and control with applications to nanomanipulation and imaging. Due to the widespread applications of MCs in nanoscale force sensing or atomic force microscopy with nano-Newton to pico-Newton force measurement requirements, precise modeling of the involved MCs is essential. Along this line, a distributed-parameters modeling framework is proposed which is followed by a modified robust controller with perturbation estimation to target the problem of delay in nanoscale imaging and manipulation. It is shown that the proposed nonlinear model-based controller can stabilize such nanomanipulation process in a very short …

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Two Essays On Financial Econometrics, Jia Geng May 2009

Two Essays On Financial Econometrics, Jia Geng

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The first paper examines the properties of the realized volatilities of US Dollar / Canadian Dollar spot exchange rate covering a time span of about three years and then the deseasonalized volatilities are estimated and forecasted using a fractionally-integrated model. The key feature of the realized volatilities is that they are model-free and also approximately measurement-error-free. Usually a U-shaped pattern of the intraday volatilities should be observed due to opening-closure effects in the global market. I do not see a typical U-shaped pattern in the intraday volatilities for US Dollar / Canadian Dollar. The reasons are given in this paper. …

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Organocuprate Mediated Syntheses Of O, And N-Heterocycles, Fenghai Guo May 2009

Organocuprate Mediated Syntheses Of O, And N-Heterocycles, Fenghai Guo

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ABSTRACT
The δ-lactone moiety comprises structural subunits in a number of natural products. Highly substituted δ-lactones are important both in synthetic applications and also as naturally occurring compounds. We have reported a one-pot procedure for the synthesis of trans-4,5-disubstituted tetrahydropran-2-ones from 3-hydroxy-3,6-dihydropyran-2-one involving sequential cuprate mediated allylic substitution and 1,4-conjugate addition reactions. We have now examined the same protocol for synthesis of 4,5,6-trisubstituted δ-lactones.
The rich functionalities(i.e. the epoxide, olefin and ester functional groups) in ,δ-epoxy-α,β-enoates provide opportunities for SN2-epoxide opening, allylic substitution, and 1,4-conjugated addtion. The opening of the epoxide with AcCl, AcBr, and benzoyl chloride afforded the -acetoxy--halo-,-enoates …

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An Assessment Of Cognitive Level Of Instruction Presented In Animal Science Courses And The Impact On Development Of Cognition In Undergraduates, Laura White May 2009

An Assessment Of Cognitive Level Of Instruction Presented In Animal Science Courses And The Impact On Development Of Cognition In Undergraduates, Laura White

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To be successful in life, students will need to learn to make good decisions; many of them. Quality decision making is paramount for student success in future employment and their personal lives. To make a quality decision, one must weigh all possible options and understand as many of the implications of that decision as possible. Relating options and outcomes to previous experience is advantageous. The qualities mentioned above are reliant on critical thought processes. It is imperative that graduates seeking employment possess a balanced combination of base knowledge and independent thought combined with critical thinking ability. In order to produce …

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Fundamental Aspects Of Small Molecules And Macromolecules On Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Capillary-Channeled Polymer Fibers, Christine Straut May 2009

Fundamental Aspects Of Small Molecules And Macromolecules On Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Capillary-Channeled Polymer Fibers, Christine Straut

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Stationary phases and adsorbents are continually being developed to enhance separations in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Polymeric stationary phases have gained popularity due to their ability to be employed over a large pH range and because they are more chemically robust when compared to silica based phases. Capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers are an alternative to traditional porous packed bed beads. These fibers have a unique geometry with increased the surface area/volume ratios when compared to cylindrical fibers. Very unique characteristics are realized in the use of the C-CP fibers, including drastically reduced backpressures and selection of solute-surface interaction through …

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Development, Parameterization And Validation Of Dynamic Material Models For Soil And Transparent Armor Glass, Bhaskar Pandurangan May 2009

Development, Parameterization And Validation Of Dynamic Material Models For Soil And Transparent Armor Glass, Bhaskar Pandurangan

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Despite the signing of several mine ban treaties in the 1990's, it is widely recognized that there is a landmine crisis. The following are some of the main aspects of this crisis: (a) Millions of unexploded landmines remain deployed all over the world; (b) Thousands of civilians are killed or maimed every year by unintended detonations of the mines; (c) The cost of medical treatment of landmine injuries runs into the millions; (d) the ability of the international community to provide the humanitarian relief in terms of medical services, safe drinking water and food, etc., is greatly hampered by landmine …

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Constructed Wetland Treatment System: An Approach For Mitigating Risks Of Flue Gas Desulfurization Waters, Derek Eggert May 2009

Constructed Wetland Treatment System: An Approach For Mitigating Risks Of Flue Gas Desulfurization Waters, Derek Eggert

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Federal laws regarding ambient air quality are currently requiring industries to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxides (SO2). Coal-fired power plants have therefore begun implementing flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubbers that utilize a highly oxygenated water stream (calcium carbonate saturated water) to transform sulfur gases into soluble anion species (e.g. sulfite and sulfate). This FGD process also transfers potentially toxic constituents including arsenic, cadmium, chemical oxygen demand, copper, mercury, selenium, chloride, sulfates, and zinc into the scrubbing water. These scrubber waters, referred to as FGD waters, present an industrial problem due to the large volumes produced (378,000 to 1,900,000 L/day) and …

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Acceleration Methodology For The Implementation Of Scientific Applications On Reconfigurable Hardware, Phillip Martin May 2009

Acceleration Methodology For The Implementation Of Scientific Applications On Reconfigurable Hardware, Phillip Martin

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The role of heterogeneous multi-core architectures in the industrial and scientific computing community is expanding. For researchers to increase the performance of complex applications, a multifaceted approach is needed to utilize emerging reconfigurable computing (RC) architectures. First, the method for accelerating applications must provide flexible solutions for fully utilizing key architecture traits across platforms. Secondly, the approach needs to be readily accessible to application scientists. A recent trend toward emerging disruptive architectures is an important signal that fundamental limitations in traditional high performance computing (HPC) are limiting break through research. To respond to these challenges, scientists are under pressure to …

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Design Of A Multi-Echelon Global Supply Chain Network With Microsoftå¨ Excel Premium Solver Plataform, Wilder Ferreira May 2009

Design Of A Multi-Echelon Global Supply Chain Network With Microsoftå¨ Excel Premium Solver Plataform, Wilder Ferreira

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I designed a global supply chain distribution model of one single product, with the objective of minimizing the costs of transportation, handling materials, duties and tariffs, production, and fixed infrastructure. The distribution network has a combination of manufacturing facilities (fixed and to-be-determined), warehouses (to-be-determined), distribution centers (to-be-determined), and customer zones at fixed locations. This network design is similar to the mathematical mixed-integer linear model from Tsiakis, Shah and Pantelides (2001). This model has been implemented in Microsoft Excel, using the Standard Simplex method from Frontline, Inc. This model optimizes the number of facilities worldwide (multi-echelon) along with the flow of …

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Construction Of A Dimension Two Rank One Drinfeld Module, Catherine Trentacoste May 2009

Construction Of A Dimension Two Rank One Drinfeld Module, Catherine Trentacoste

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Consider Fr[t] where r = pm for some prime p and m in the natural numbers. Let f(t) be an irreducible square-free polynomial with even degree in Fr[t] so that the leading coeffcient is not a square
mod Fr. Let A = L = Fr[t][\sqrt{f(t)}].
We will examine the basic set-up required for a dimension two rank one Drinfeld module over L along with an explanation of our choice of f(t). In addition we will show the construction for the exponential function.

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A Dual Algorithm For The Weighted Euclidean Distance Min-Max Location Problem In R^2 And R^3, Andrea Smith May 2009

A Dual Algorithm For The Weighted Euclidean Distance Min-Max Location Problem In R^2 And R^3, Andrea Smith

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A dual approach algorithm is given for the solution of the weighted min-max location problem with Euclidean distance in R^2 and R^3. Each subproblem is solved using a directional search procedure and by taking advantage of its geometric structure. An algebraic replacement rule is employed to update the subproblem.

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Specific And Non-Specific Binding Of Proteins And Nucleic Acids On Chemically Modified Reticulated Vitreous Carbon Electrodes, Hemangi Shedge May 2009

Specific And Non-Specific Binding Of Proteins And Nucleic Acids On Chemically Modified Reticulated Vitreous Carbon Electrodes, Hemangi Shedge

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Proteins and nucleic acids play major roles in many important biological processes. Specific and rapid detection of these biomolecules is important for early and precise diagnosis of various genetic diseases and other medical conditions. However, accurate and inexpensive detection of proteins and nucleic acids has always been a challenge. One of the obstacles is their non-specific adsorption on the sensor surface which leads to the conformational changes in the proteins, sometimes causing their denaturation. The non-specific adsorption on the surface also leads to sensor fouling which induces changes in the availability of active sensor surface for detection of analytes and …

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Water Quality Guidelines And Water Quantity Analysis With Application To Construction Of A Pilot-Scale Wetland Treatment System, Minh Phung Pham May 2009

Water Quality Guidelines And Water Quantity Analysis With Application To Construction Of A Pilot-Scale Wetland Treatment System, Minh Phung Pham

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A searchable database consisting of compiled water reuse guidelines was created as a screening tool for decision-analysis for potential beneficial reuse in 1) irrigation, 2) livestock watering, 3) aquaculture, and 4) drinking (potable) water. Data compiled from literature for the four water reuses (FWR) yielded guideline values for over 50 water quality parameters, including concentrations of inorganic and organic constituents as well as general water chemistry parameters. These water quality guidelines can be used to identify constituents of concern in water, to determine levels to which constituents must be treated for water reuse applications, and to assess the suitability of …

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The Effects Of Accountability On Leniency Reduction In Self Ratings, Brettney Smith May 2009

The Effects Of Accountability On Leniency Reduction In Self Ratings, Brettney Smith

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The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of accountability on leniency reduction in self-ratings. It was hypothesized that participants in both the upward and illegitimate accountability condition would have lower levels of leniency in their self-ratings than participants in the no accountability condition. Accountability was operationalized as participants being told that they would have to justify their self-ratings of driving performance to either a professor who specializes in driving research (upward accountability) or to an education graduate student who maintains the driving simulator (illegitimate accountability) via an audiotape. The results showed that accountability had a significant …

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Accommodating Death: An Examination Of The Role Of Scientific Accommodation In Forensic Anthropology, Christina D'Elia May 2009

Accommodating Death: An Examination Of The Role Of Scientific Accommodation In Forensic Anthropology, Christina D'Elia

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Scientists have strong motivations to communicate with the public, yet this communication is often ineffective. As Ann Penrose and Steven Katz explain in Writing in the Sciences, there are three major reasons why scientists communicate with the public: moral, economic, and political (177). Despite these reasons for scientists to communicate with the public, it is not always easy for this communication to take place, due to divisions of audience and discourse community, as well as the scientists’ biases against communicating with the public. Scientific accommodation helps to bridge this gap.
In some fields, like forensic anthropology, scientists write their own …

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Testing The Individual Effective Dose Hypothesis, Hung Vu May 2009

Testing The Individual Effective Dose Hypothesis, Hung Vu

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The assumption of the individual effective dose is the basis for the probit method used for analyzing dose or concentration – response data. According to this assumption, each individual has a uniquely innate tolerance expressed as the individual effective dose (IED) or the smallest dose that is sufficient to kill it. An alternative to IED, stochasticity suggests that individuals do not have uniquely innate tolerance; deaths result from random processes occurring among similar individuals. While the probit method has been used extensively in toxicology the underlying assumption has not been tested rigorously. The goal of this study was to test …

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Visual Argument Reconsidered: 'Objective' Theory And A Classical Rhetorical Approach, Daniel Richards May 2009

Visual Argument Reconsidered: 'Objective' Theory And A Classical Rhetorical Approach, Daniel Richards

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Visual argument is a relatively new discipline within the field of visual rhetorics. Consequently, visual rhetoricians have presented new theories of visual argumentation without fully considering the possibilities of existing textual methodologies as explanatory tools—especially classical rhetorical devices. This thesis presents a methodology for examining and creating visual arguments based on the concepts of topoi and figures of speech. I contend that these classical rhetorical devises embody an “objective” understanding of visual communication that shows one way of bridging the empiricism/rationalism debate in epistemology. By demonstrating that knowledge comes from the necessary interplay of perception and conception, I attempt to …

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Growth And Modeling Of Freshwater Algae As A Function Of Media Inorganic Carbon Content, Mary Watson May 2009

Growth And Modeling Of Freshwater Algae As A Function Of Media Inorganic Carbon Content, Mary Watson

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In response to global climate change, the Department of Energy (DOE) has specified advanced biological processes, such as cultivation of algal biomass in alkaline ponds, as part of a carbon management plan. The goal of this thesis was to investigate use of a mixed freshwater algal culture for biological carbon mitigation. Extensive review of carbonate dynamics, laboratory investigations to characterize algal growth, and development of a dynamic algal growth model were completed.
The presented literature review summarizes carbonate equilibria and kinetics needed for development of carbon mitigation technologies, especially in freshwaters. Reaction mechanisms, equilibrium relationships, kinetic rate constants, and kinetic …

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Tandem Queues With Non-Stationary Arrivals, Senthil Balaji Girimurugan May 2009

Tandem Queues With Non-Stationary Arrivals, Senthil Balaji Girimurugan

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We consider a network of K queues in tandem labeled Q1, Q2, ..,QK. The arrivals to Q 1 form a non-homogeneous Poisson process whose intensity is periodic. We conjecture that asymptotically the arrival process Aj to Qj, j= 1,2,..,K is cycle stationary. In addition, we conjecture that asymptotically as 'j' gets larger, the arrival process at the jth queue gets closer to a stationary point process. Hence, the queue performance measures become more stationary as 'j' increases. We perform Monte-Carlo simulations and design statistical tests whose results support the conjecture.

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Binary Quadratic Forms Over F[T] And Principal Ideal Domains, Jeff Beyerl May 2009

Binary Quadratic Forms Over F[T] And Principal Ideal Domains, Jeff Beyerl

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This paper concerns binary quadratic forms over F[T]. It develops theory analogous to the theory of binary quadratic forms over the integers. Most although not all of the results are almost identical, while some of the proofs require different techniques.
In particular, the form class group is determined when the form takes values in a principal ideal domain, and the ideal class group (and class group isomorphism) is determined when the form takes values in F[T].

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Investigation Of Training Algorithms For Hidden Markov Models Applied To Automatic Speech Recognition, Eric Fang May 2009

Investigation Of Training Algorithms For Hidden Markov Models Applied To Automatic Speech Recognition, Eric Fang

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The work presented in this thesis focuses on simulating a speech recognizer which is trained by different people with different speaking styles and investigates how sensitive the training and recognition processes are to the variations in the training data. There are four main parts to this work. The first involves an experiment of weighting methods for training with multiple observation sequences. The second involves the testing of different initial parameters. The third part includes the first experiment involving training with multiple observation sequences. The model's sensitivity to variations in training data was evaluated by comparing the cases of different values …

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Evaluating The Use Of Snmp As A Wireless Network Monitoring Tool For Ieee 802.11 Wireless Networks, Robert Johnson May 2009

Evaluating The Use Of Snmp As A Wireless Network Monitoring Tool For Ieee 802.11 Wireless Networks, Robert Johnson

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The increasing popularity of wireless networks has led to instances of high utilization and congestion, some of which have resulted in an interruption of network service. A thorough understanding of how IEEE 802.11 wireless networks operate is crucial to predicting and preventing future interruptions. There have been many studies performed on wireless networks. Of those that have captured data from the wireless side, most have used a form of wireless network monitoring known as Vicinity Sniffing (wireless sniffing from a location that is physically close to an access point to be in the broadcast range) as the primary means of …

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A Condition Assessment Of The Old Island At Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, South Carolina, Sarah Kollar May 2009

A Condition Assessment Of The Old Island At Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, South Carolina, Sarah Kollar

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Cemeteries face a number of condition problems, both naturally and through human destruction. Without protection, historic cemeteries will eventually be diminished or lost. Magnolia Cemetery of Charleston, South Carolina, is one of the many cemeteries facing various preservation problems. In an attempt to assist the cemetery, the failing conditions assessment of the Old Island section of Magnolia highlights the major problems of the area.
The Old Island is a section of Magnolia Cemetery located in the rear of the cemetery that has clearly defined boundaries with marsh and a small lake surrounding it. Plus, many of the people buried in …

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An Investigation Of Human Induced Vibrations On Clemson Memorial Stadium, Benjamin Morris May 2009

An Investigation Of Human Induced Vibrations On Clemson Memorial Stadium, Benjamin Morris

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Human induced stadium vibrations have become of increasing concern to design engineers and facility managers as more energetic crowds and increasingly efficient structures have increased the likelihood of serviceability issues. The 'in-time' bouncing of spectators due to music has caused one such issue in the south upper deck of Clemson University's Memorial Stadium. To gain an understanding of the severity of vibrations in Memorial Stadium, a combination of experimental and analytical modeling is utilized. Data collected by an array of accelerometers installed on a main post tensioned precast cantilever girder provides a season and a half of response histories in …

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A Study In The Information Content, Consistency, And Expressive Power Of Function Structures In Mechanical Design, Chiradeep Sen May 2009

A Study In The Information Content, Consistency, And Expressive Power Of Function Structures In Mechanical Design, Chiradeep Sen

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In engineering design research, function structures are used to represent the intended functionality of technical artifacts. Function structures are graph-based representations where the nodes are functions, or actions, and the edges are flows, or objects of those actions. For the consistent description of artifact functionality, multiple controlled vocabularies have been developed in previous research. The Functional Basis is one such vocabulary that provides for a set of verbs and a set of nouns, organized in the three-level hierarchy. This vocabulary is extensively studied in design research. Two major application of this vocabulary are the Design Repository, which is a web-base …

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Ocular Vergence Response Over Anaglyphic Stereoscopic Videos, Brian Daugherty May 2009

Ocular Vergence Response Over Anaglyphic Stereoscopic Videos, Brian Daugherty

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The effect of anaglyphic stereographic stimuli on ocular vergence response is examined. An experiment is performed comparing ocular vergence response induced by anaglyphic stereographic display versus standard monoscopic display. Two visualization tools, synchronized three-dimensional scanpath playback and real-time dynamic heatmap generation,
are developed and used to subjectively support the quantitative analysis of ocular disparity. The results of a one-way ANOVA indicate that there is a highly significant effect of anaglyphic stereoscopic display on ocular vergence for a majority of subjects although consistency of vergence response is difficult to predict.

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The Effect Of Bond Strength Of Flexible Laminates On Puncture Resistance, Rijosh Cheruvathur May 2009

The Effect Of Bond Strength Of Flexible Laminates On Puncture Resistance, Rijosh Cheruvathur

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This work was aimed at understanding whether the bond strength of laminates will affect the puncture resistance of the laminate. Even though a strongly bonded adhesive layer in between two webs will considerably improve the mechanical properties of the laminate compared to that of the individual materials, there is a general belief in the packaging industry that having a lower bond strength helps to improve the bending or, in other words, the flexibility of the laminate thereby increases the tear and puncture resistance.
Laminations of aluminum foil and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were used as a model system to determine the …

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Wide Operating Range For A Circular Waveguide Probe In Spherical Near-Field Measurements, Xiong Wang May 2009

Wide Operating Range For A Circular Waveguide Probe In Spherical Near-Field Measurements, Xiong Wang

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This thesis discusses spherical near-field measurements implemented by a circular waveguide probe which has much shorter length and wider operating range than those proposed similar circular probes. A brief introduction of spherical near-field measurement techniques is provided first. We also introduce the well-known conclusion that utilizing first-order probes simplifies the measurements and associated near-field to far-field transformation. Accordingly, a relatively short circular waveguide probe antenna is designed and fabricated. Detailed fields of this probe are analyzed to demonstrate that it is still a first-order probe even though the length is short. Furthermore, it radiates only first-order fields over a wide …

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