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Estonia's Post-Soviet Agricultural Reforms: Lessons For Cuba, Mario A. Gonzalez-Corzo Dec 2013

Estonia's Post-Soviet Agricultural Reforms: Lessons For Cuba, Mario A. Gonzalez-Corzo

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

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Digital Inclusion, Learning, And Access At The Public Library, Melissa Morrone, Shanelle Witt Nov 2013

Digital Inclusion, Learning, And Access At The Public Library, Melissa Morrone, Shanelle Witt

Urban Library Journal

New York City is not an easy place to live. Brooklynites who are just learning about the Internet in 2013—20 years after the development of the World Wide Web—likely have more challenges than simply needing someone to show them how to open up the computer's browser. Brooklyn Public Library has been engaged in a digital inclusion project that brings together issues of ability, access, and learning styles. By giving our patrons skills and confidence to navigate technology both online and off, we are laying the groundwork for them to have a voice in the city.

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Personal And Household Hygiene, Environmental Contamination, And Health In Undergraduate Residence Halls In New York City, 2011, Benjamin A. Miko, Bevin Cohen, Katharine Haxall, Laurie Conway, Nicole Kelly, Dianne Stare, Christina Tropiano, Allan Gilman, Samuel L. Seward, Elaine Larson Nov 2013

Personal And Household Hygiene, Environmental Contamination, And Health In Undergraduate Residence Halls In New York City, 2011, Benjamin A. Miko, Bevin Cohen, Katharine Haxall, Laurie Conway, Nicole Kelly, Dianne Stare, Christina Tropiano, Allan Gilman, Samuel L. Seward, Elaine Larson

Publications and Research

Background While several studies have documented the importance of hand washing in the university setting, the added role of environmental hygiene remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize the personal and environmental hygiene habits of college students, define the determinants of hygiene in this population, and assess the relationship between reported hygiene behaviors, environmental contamination, and health status. Methods 501 undergraduate students completed a previously validated survey assessing baseline demographics, hygiene habits, determinants of hygiene, and health status. Sixty survey respondents had microbiological samples taken from eight standardized surfaces in their dormitory environment. Bacterial contamination was …

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Students Teaching Students: A Method For Collaborative Learning, Jean Halley, Courtney Heiserman, Victoria Felix, Amy Eshleman Nov 2013

Students Teaching Students: A Method For Collaborative Learning, Jean Halley, Courtney Heiserman, Victoria Felix, Amy Eshleman

Publications and Research

The Student Small Group Presentation (SSGP) model, a student-centered approach, is introduced and applied to learning communities. Similar to the jigsaw classroom, small groups of students in learning communities are responsible for teaching material to their peers. Unlike other jigsaw techniques, presentation groups in the SSGP teach an entire lesson based on collaborative work conducted outside of class. Presenters are responsible for thorough analysis of course material as they lead a discussion among a small group of peers. Students meet with the same small group throughout the semester, creating a feeling of intimate community within the larger learning community. By …

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Pkmζ Differentially Utilized Between Sexes For Remote Long-Term Spatial Memory, Veronica Sebastian, Tatyana Vergel, Raheela Baig, Lisa M. Schrott, Peter A. Serrano Nov 2013

Pkmζ Differentially Utilized Between Sexes For Remote Long-Term Spatial Memory, Veronica Sebastian, Tatyana Vergel, Raheela Baig, Lisa M. Schrott, Peter A. Serrano

Publications and Research

It is well established that male rats have an advantage in acquiring place-learning strategies, allowing them to learn spatial tasks more readily than female rats. However many of these differences have been examined solely during acquisition or in 24h memory retention. Here, we investigated whether sex differences exist in remote long-term memory, lasting 30d after training, and whether there are differences in the expression pattern of molecular markers associated with long-term memory maintenance. Specifically, we analyzed the expression of protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ) and the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluA2. To adequately evaluate memory retention, we used a …

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Communication And Common Interest, Peter Godfrey-Smith, Manolo Martínez Nov 2013

Communication And Common Interest, Peter Godfrey-Smith, Manolo Martínez

Publications and Research

Explaining the maintenance of communicative behavior in the face of incentives to deceive, conceal information, or exaggerate is an important problem in behavioral biology. When the interests of agents diverge, some form of signal cost is often seen as essential to maintaining honesty. Here, novel computational methods are used to investigate the role of common interest between the sender and receiver of messages in maintaining cost-free informative signaling in a signaling game. Two measures of common interest are defined. These quantify the divergence between sender and receiver in their preference orderings over acts the receiver might perform in each state …

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Trabecular Evidence For A Human-Like Gait In Australopithecus Africanus, Meir M. Barak, Daniel E. Lieberman, David Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, Anna G. Warrener, Jean-Jacques Hublin Nov 2013

Trabecular Evidence For A Human-Like Gait In Australopithecus Africanus, Meir M. Barak, Daniel E. Lieberman, David Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, Anna G. Warrener, Jean-Jacques Hublin

Publications and Research

Although the earliest known hominins were apparently upright bipeds, there has been mixed evidence whether particular species of hominins including those in the genus Australopithecus walked with relatively extended hips, knees and ankles like modern humans, or with more flexed lower limb joints like apes when bipedal. Here we demonstrate in chimpanzees and humans a highly predictable and sensitive relationship between the orientation of the ankle joint during loading and the principal orientation of trabecular bone struts in the distal tibia that function to withstand compressive forces within the joint. Analyses of the orientation of these struts using microCT scans …

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The Friedman Rule And The Zero Lower Bound, Sebastien Buttet, Udayan Roy Nov 2013

The Friedman Rule And The Zero Lower Bound, Sebastien Buttet, Udayan Roy

Publications and Research

We explain why central banks rarely implement the Friedman rule by studying the properties of a simple New Keynesian dynamic macroeconomic model that is generalized to incorporate the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates. We show that two long-run equilibria exist, one stable and the other unstable, and we characterize the conditions under which the economy plunges into a deflation-induced depression following a contractionary demand shock. As long as the sum of the inflation rate and the natural real interest rate stays positive, the economy converges back to the long-run stable equilibrium, even when the zero lower bound is …

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The Tacuinum Sanitatis: A Medieval Health Manual, Loren D. Mendelsohn Nov 2013

The Tacuinum Sanitatis: A Medieval Health Manual, Loren D. Mendelsohn

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

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Project Safe Flight: Making New York Safe For Migratory Birds, Kaitlyn L. Parkins, Susan B. Elbin Ph.D., Adriana Palmer, Darren Klein, Elle Barnes Nov 2013

Project Safe Flight: Making New York Safe For Migratory Birds, Kaitlyn L. Parkins, Susan B. Elbin Ph.D., Adriana Palmer, Darren Klein, Elle Barnes

Publications and Research

More than 100 species of migratory birds pass through New York City during spring and fall migrations. Located at the nexus of several migratory routes, New York City’s tall buildings and reflective glass pose a serious threat to over 100 species of migratory birds. Since 1997, NYC Audubon has led Project Safe Flight (PSF), a volunteer-based citizen-science project, with the goal of monitoring and mitigating bird collisions. We examined 16 years of PSF data, during which volunteers collected over 6,000 birds of 126 different species. The top two species, White-throated Sparrow and Common Yellowthroat, make up 23% of all collisions. …

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Structure–Activity Relationships And Molecular Modeling Of Sphingosine Kinase Inhibitors, Dong Jae Baek, Neil Macritchie, Nahoum G. Anthony, Simon P. Mackay, Susan Pyne, Nigel J. Pyne, Robert Bittman Oct 2013

Structure–Activity Relationships And Molecular Modeling Of Sphingosine Kinase Inhibitors, Dong Jae Baek, Neil Macritchie, Nahoum G. Anthony, Simon P. Mackay, Susan Pyne, Nigel J. Pyne, Robert Bittman

Publications and Research

The design, synthesis, and evaluation of the potency of new isoform-selective inhibitors of sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SK1 and SK2), the enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of d-erythro-sphingosine to produce the key signaling lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate, are described. Recently, we reported that 1-(4-octylphenethyl)piperidin-4-ol (RB-005) is a selective inhibitor of SK1. Here we report the synthesis of 43 new analogues of RB-005, in which the lipophilic tail, polar headgroup, and linker region were modified to extend the structure–activity relationship profile for this lead compound, which we explain using modeling studies with the recently published crystal structure of SK1. We provide …

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Acute Physiological Stress Promotes Clustering Of Synaptic Markers And Alters Spine Morphology In The Hippocampus, Veronica Sebastian, Jim Brian Estil, Daniel Chen, Lisa M. Schrott, Peter A. Serrano Oct 2013

Acute Physiological Stress Promotes Clustering Of Synaptic Markers And Alters Spine Morphology In The Hippocampus, Veronica Sebastian, Jim Brian Estil, Daniel Chen, Lisa M. Schrott, Peter A. Serrano

Publications and Research

GluA2-containing AMPA receptors and their association with protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ) and post-synaptic density-95 (PSD-95) are important for learning, memory and synaptic plasticity processes. Here we investigated these synaptic markers in the context of an acute 1h platform stress, which can disrupt spatial memory retrieval for a short-term memory on the object placement task and long-term memory retrieval on a well-learned radial arm maze task. Acute stress increased serum corticosterone and elevated the expression of synaptic PKMζ while decreasing synaptic GluA2. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we found that this stressor promotes the clustering of GluA2, PKMζ and PSD-95, which is consistent …

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Effects Of Weak Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation On Brain Activity—A Review Of Known Mechanisms From Animal Studies, Davide Reato, Asif Rahman, Marom Bikson, Lucas C. Parra Oct 2013

Effects Of Weak Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation On Brain Activity—A Review Of Known Mechanisms From Animal Studies, Davide Reato, Asif Rahman, Marom Bikson, Lucas C. Parra

Publications and Research

Rhythmic neuronal activity is ubiquitous in the human brain. These rhythms originate from a variety of different network mechanisms, which give rise to a wide-ranging spectrum of oscillation frequencies. In the last few years an increasing number of clinical research studies have explored transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with weak current as a tool for affecting brain function. The premise of these interventions is that tACS will interact with ongoing brain oscillations. However, the exact mechanisms by which weak currents could affect neuronal oscillations at different frequency bands are not well known and this, in turn, limits the rational optimization …

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Origins Of Specificity During Tdcs: Anatomical, Activity-Selective, And Input-Bias Mechanisms, Marom Bikson, Asif Rahman Oct 2013

Origins Of Specificity During Tdcs: Anatomical, Activity-Selective, And Input-Bias Mechanisms, Marom Bikson, Asif Rahman

Publications and Research

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is investigated for a broad range of neuropsychiatric indications, various rehabilitation applications, and to modulate cognitive performance in diverse tasks. Specificity of tDCS refers broadly to the ability of tDCS to produce precise, as opposed to diffuse, changes in brain function. Practically, specificity of tDCS implies application-specific customization of protocols to maximize desired outcomes and minimize undesired effects. Especially given the simplicity of tDCS and the complexity of brain function, understanding the mechanisms leading to specificity is fundamental to the rational advancement of tDCS. We define the origins of specificity based on anatomical and functional …

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A New Look At The Dynamic Similarity Hypothesis: The Importance Of Swing Phase, David A. Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, Liza J. Shapiro Oct 2013

A New Look At The Dynamic Similarity Hypothesis: The Importance Of Swing Phase, David A. Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, Liza J. Shapiro

Publications and Research

Summary The Dynamic Similarity Hypothesis (DSH) suggests that when animals of different size walk at similar Froude numbers (equal ratios of inertial and gravitational forces) they will use similar size-corrected gaits. This application of similarity theory to animal biomechanics has contributed to fundamental insights in the mechanics and evolution of a diverse set of locomotor systems. However, despite its popularity, many mammals fail to walk with dynamically similar stride lengths, a key element of gait that determines spontaneous speed and energy costs. Here, we show that the applicability of the DSH is dependent on the inertial forces examined. In general, …

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Inter- And Intra-Specific Pan-Genomes Of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato: Genome Stability And Adaptive Radiation, Emmanuel F. Mongodin, Sherwood R. Casjens, John F. Bruno, Yun Xu, Elliott Franco Drabek, David R. Riley, Brandi L. Cantarel, Pedro E. Pagan, Yozen A. Hernandez, Levy C. Vargas, John J. Dunn, Steven E. Schutzer, Claire M. Fraser, Wei-Gang Qiu, Benjamin J. Luft Oct 2013

Inter- And Intra-Specific Pan-Genomes Of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato: Genome Stability And Adaptive Radiation, Emmanuel F. Mongodin, Sherwood R. Casjens, John F. Bruno, Yun Xu, Elliott Franco Drabek, David R. Riley, Brandi L. Cantarel, Pedro E. Pagan, Yozen A. Hernandez, Levy C. Vargas, John J. Dunn, Steven E. Schutzer, Claire M. Fraser, Wei-Gang Qiu, Benjamin J. Luft

Publications and Research

Background Lyme disease is caused by spirochete bacteria from the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi s.l.) species complex. To reconstruct the evolution of B. burgdorferi s.l. and identify the genomic basis of its human virulence, we compared the genomes of 23 B. burgdorferi s.l. isolates from Europe and the United States, including B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (B. burgdorferi s.s., 14 isolates), B. afzelii (2), B. garinii (2), B. “bavariensis” (1), B. spielmanii (1), B. valaisiana (1), B. bissettii (1), and B. “finlandensis” (1). Results Robust B. burgdorferi s.s. and B. burgdorferi s.l. phylogenies were obtained using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms, …

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Anxiety And Error Monitoring: The Importance Of Motivation And Emotion, Greg H. Proudfit, Michael Inzlicht, Douglas S. Mennin Oct 2013

Anxiety And Error Monitoring: The Importance Of Motivation And Emotion, Greg H. Proudfit, Michael Inzlicht, Douglas S. Mennin

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

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Are Characiform Fishes Gondwanan In Origin? Insights From A Time-Scaled Molecular Phylogeny Of The Citharinoidei (Ostariophysi: Characiformes), Jairo Arroyave, John S. S. Denton, Melanie L. J. Stiassny Oct 2013

Are Characiform Fishes Gondwanan In Origin? Insights From A Time-Scaled Molecular Phylogeny Of The Citharinoidei (Ostariophysi: Characiformes), Jairo Arroyave, John S. S. Denton, Melanie L. J. Stiassny

Publications and Research

Fishes of the order Characiformes are a diverse and economically important teleost clade whose extant members are found exclusively in African and Neotropical freshwaters. Although their transatlantic distribution has been primarily attributed to the Early Cretaceous fragmentation of western Gondwana, vicariance has not been tested with temporal information beyond that contained in their fragmentary fossil record and a recent time-scaled phylogeny focused on the African family Alestidae. Because members of the suborder Citharinoidei constitute the sister lineage to the entire remaining Afro-Neotropical characiform radiation, we inferred a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of citharinoids using a popular Bayesian approach to molecular dating …

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Cervicothoracic Multisegmental Transpinal Evoked Potentials In Humans, Jonathan Einhorn, Alan Li, Royi Hazan, Maria Knikou Oct 2013

Cervicothoracic Multisegmental Transpinal Evoked Potentials In Humans, Jonathan Einhorn, Alan Li, Royi Hazan, Maria Knikou

Publications and Research

The objectives of this study were to establish the neurophysiological properties of the transpinal evoked potentials (TEPs) following transcutaneous electric stimulation of the spine (tsESS) over the cervicothoracic region, changes in the amplitude of the TEPs preceded by median nerve stimulation at group I threshold, and the effects of tsESS on the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) H-reflex in thirteen healthy human subjects while seated. Two re-usable self-adhering electrodes, connected to function as one electrode (cathode), were placed bilaterally on the clavicles. A re-usable electrode (anode) was placed on the cervicothoracic region covering from Cervical 4 – Thoracic 2 and held …

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Predicting The Behavioral Impact Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Issues And Limitations, Archy O. De Berker, Marom Bikson, Sven Bestmann Oct 2013

Predicting The Behavioral Impact Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Issues And Limitations, Archy O. De Berker, Marom Bikson, Sven Bestmann

Publications and Research

The transcranial application of weak currents to the human brain has enjoyed a decade of widespread use, providing a simple and powerful tool for non-invasively altering human brain function. However, our understanding of current delivery and its impact upon neural circuitry leaves much to be desired. We argue that the credibility of conclusions drawn with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is contingent upon realistic explanations of how tDCS works, and that our present understanding of tDCS limits the technique’s use to localize function in the human brain. We outline two central issues where progress is required: the localization of currents, …

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Transposable Element Evolution In Heliconius Suggests Genome Diversity Within Lepidoptera, Christine A. Lavoie, Roy N. Platt, Peter A. Novick, Brian A. Counterman, David A. Ray Oct 2013

Transposable Element Evolution In Heliconius Suggests Genome Diversity Within Lepidoptera, Christine A. Lavoie, Roy N. Platt, Peter A. Novick, Brian A. Counterman, David A. Ray

Publications and Research

Background Transposable elements (TEs) have the potential to impact genome structure, function and evolution in profound ways. In order to understand the contribution of transposable elements (TEs) to Heliconius melpomene, we queried the H. melpomene draft sequence to identify repetitive sequences. Results We determined that TEs comprise ~25% of the genome. The predominant class of TEs (~12% of the genome) was the non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons, including a novel SINE family. However, this was only slightly higher than content derived from DNA transposons, which are diverse, with several families having mobilized in the recent past. Compared to the only …

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The American Association Of School Librarians (Aasl) Standards For The 21st Century Learner Lesson Plan Database, Christina Miller Oct 2013

The American Association Of School Librarians (Aasl) Standards For The 21st Century Learner Lesson Plan Database, Christina Miller

Publications and Research

The American Association of School Librarians (AASL) Standards for the 21st Century Learner Lesson Plan Database (AASL Database) is a free, Open Access, interactive tool recently (2011) developed by the American Association of School Librarians, a division of the American Library Association, to assist librarians, teachers and other educators in implementing the AASL Standards for the 21st Century Learner (AASL Standards) and the Common Core State Standards. It is comprised of vetted, content-area lesson plans meant to provide excellent models to integrate AASL Standards across K-12 curricula; the platform also includes social networking features and a user portfolio. The AASL …

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The Queer Dialectic Of Whitman’S Nation: "Let" In “Respondez”, Václav Paris Oct 2013

The Queer Dialectic Of Whitman’S Nation: "Let" In “Respondez”, Václav Paris

Publications and Research

This article considers Whitman's "Respondez" - perhaps his strangest poem. It seeks to explicate the poem by looking at his shifting use of the word "let." The article draws on studies of queer theory, nationalism, modernism, to reveal an unfamiliar and far more radical Whitman than we are familiar with.

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Queer Pedagogical Desire: A Study Guide, Matt Brim Oct 2013

Queer Pedagogical Desire: A Study Guide, Matt Brim

Publications and Research

This essay explores the queer pedagogical desires that attended my writing of the Study Guide for the documentary film United in Anger: A History of ACT UP (Jim Hubbard, 2012). The analysis takes up Robyn Wiegman’s central question in Object Lessons, “What is it we expect our relationship to our objects of study to do?”, which is of particular importance to the discipline of queer studies insofar as the field is oriented around the desire to meld social justice with critical pedagogy. The queer professor’s desire in the case of the Study Guide-as-object was to create a text that …

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Le Nature Degli American Studies, Cindi Katz Oct 2013

Le Nature Degli American Studies, Cindi Katz

Publications and Research

Al “Futures of American Studies Institute” di Dartmouth del 2003 lanciai una provocazione sulle “geografie immaginate” dell’americanistica. Volevo mettere in discussione sia le celebrazioni romantiche del “luogo” in quanto elemento in qualche modo autentico e particolare, minacciato da un mondo sempre più globalizzato e controllato dalle multinazionali, sia l’esaltazione della “delocalizzazione” nelle società in rete, negli “spazi di flusso”, nella mobilità senza attrito. Suggerivo che queste, come altre geografie poco studiate, si sposano troppo facilmente con molte correnti dell’eccezionalismo americano.

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Global Trends In Seasonality Of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (Ndvi), 1982–2011, J. Ronald Eastman, Florencia Sangermano, Elia Axinia Machado, John Rogan, Assaf Anyamba Sep 2013

Global Trends In Seasonality Of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (Ndvi), 1982–2011, J. Ronald Eastman, Florencia Sangermano, Elia Axinia Machado, John Rogan, Assaf Anyamba

Publications and Research

A 30-year series of global monthly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery derived from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) NDVI3g archive was analyzed for the presence of trends in changing seasonality. Using the Seasonal Trend Analysis (STA) procedure, over half (56.30%) of land surfaces were found to exhibit significant trends. Almost half (46.10%) of the significant trends belonged to three classes of seasonal trends (or changes). Class 1 consisted of areas that experienced a uniform increase in NDVI throughout the year, and was primarily associated with forested areas, particularly broadleaf forests. Class 2 consisted of areas experiencing …

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It’S Time To Fear! Interval Timing In Odor Fear Conditioning In Rats, Kiseko Shionoya, Chloé Hegoburu, Bruce L. Brown, Regina M. Sullivan, Valérie Doyère, Anne-Marie Mouly Sep 2013

It’S Time To Fear! Interval Timing In Odor Fear Conditioning In Rats, Kiseko Shionoya, Chloé Hegoburu, Bruce L. Brown, Regina M. Sullivan, Valérie Doyère, Anne-Marie Mouly

Publications and Research

Time perception is crucial to goal attainment in humans and other animals, and interval timing also guides fundamental animal behaviors. Accumulating evidence has made it clear that in associative learning, temporal relations between events are encoded, and a few studies suggest this temporal learning occurs very rapidly. Most of these studies, however, have used methodologies that do not permit investigating the emergence of this temporal learning. In the present study we monitored respiration, ultrasonic vocalization (USV) and freezing behavior in rats in order to perform fine-grain analysis of fear responses during odor fear conditioning. In this paradigm an initially neutral …

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Modified Impact Of Emotion On Temporal Discrimination In A Transgenic Rat Model Of Huntington Disease, Alexis Faure, Mouna Es-Sesddiqi, Bruce L. Brown, Hoa P. Nguyen, Olaf Riess, Stephan Von Hörsten, Pascale Le Blanc, Nathalie Desvignes, Bruno Bozon, Nicole El Massioui, Valérie Doyère Sep 2013

Modified Impact Of Emotion On Temporal Discrimination In A Transgenic Rat Model Of Huntington Disease, Alexis Faure, Mouna Es-Sesddiqi, Bruce L. Brown, Hoa P. Nguyen, Olaf Riess, Stephan Von Hörsten, Pascale Le Blanc, Nathalie Desvignes, Bruno Bozon, Nicole El Massioui, Valérie Doyère

Publications and Research

Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by triad of motor, cognitive, and emotional symptoms along with neuropathology in fronto-striatal circuit and limbic system including amygdala. Emotional alterations, which have a negative impact on patient well-being, represent some of the earliest symptoms of HD and might be related to the onset of the neurodegenerative process. In the transgenic rat model (tgHD rats), evidence suggest emotional alterations at the symptomatic stage along with neuropathology of the central nucleus of amygdala (CE). Studies in humans and animals demonstrate that emotion can modulate time perception. The impact of emotion on time perception has never been …

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Fast Quantitative Real-Time Pcr-Based Screening For Common Chromosomal Aneuploidies In Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, Charlotte D'Hulst, Irena Parvanova, Delia Tomoiaga, Maria L. Sapar, Paul Feinstein Sep 2013

Fast Quantitative Real-Time Pcr-Based Screening For Common Chromosomal Aneuploidies In Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, Charlotte D'Hulst, Irena Parvanova, Delia Tomoiaga, Maria L. Sapar, Paul Feinstein

Publications and Research

Chromosomal integrity has been known for many years to affect the ability of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to contribute to the germline of chimeric mice. Abnormal chromosomes are generally detected by standard cytogenetic karyotyping. However, this method is expensive, time consuming, and often omitted prior to blastocyst injection, consequently reducing the frequency of mESC-derived offspring. Here, we show a fast, accurate, and inexpensive screen for identifying the two most common aneuploidies (Trisomy 8 and loss of chromosome Y) in genetically manipulated mESCs using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Screening against these two aneuploidies significantly increases the fraction of normal mESC …

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Differential Joint-Specific Corticospinal Tract Projections Within The Cervical Enlargement, Curtis O. Asante, John H. Martin Sep 2013

Differential Joint-Specific Corticospinal Tract Projections Within The Cervical Enlargement, Curtis O. Asante, John H. Martin

Publications and Research

The motor cortex represents muscle and joint control and projects to spinal cord interneurons and–in many primates, including humans–motoneurons, via the corticospinal tract (CST). To examine these spinal CST anatomical mechanisms, we determined if motor cortex sites controlling individual forelimb joints project differentially to distinct cervical spinal cord territories, defined regionally and by the locations of putative last-order interneurons that were transneuronally labeled by intramuscular injection of pseudorabies virus. Motor cortex joint-specific sites were identified using intracorticalmicrostimulation. CST segmental termination fields from joint-specific sites, determined using anterograde tracers, comprised a high density core of terminations that was consistent between animals …

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