Digital Commons Network^™

Micro: Bit A Tool For Learning And Innovation In The Digital Economy, Jarupa Kitcharoenpanya, Pongprapan Pongsophon, Ekgapoom Jantarakantee

Journal of Education Studies

Micro: bit, a compact computing device, has become a vital tool for learning and innovation in the digital economy era, where economic systems are driven by digital technologies, including the use of the internet.  This academic article elucidates the diverse role of the Micro: bit in education and the cultivation of essential skills for students in the context of the rapidly advancing digital landscape. The Micro: bit is utilized as a foundation for teaching coding, basic programming, and developing computational skills for students due to its user-friendly nature, compact design, and affordability. This device facilitates exploration of the technology world …

Effects Of Active Learning In Physics Experiments On Academic Achievement, Attitudes And Concepts Among Grade-11 Students, Kittikhun Seawsakul

Journal of Education Studies

One of the problems in learning physics is students’ attitudes. Most students think that physics is difficult to learn and to understand. This causes students' motivation and attitudes of curiosity towards the physics subject to decrease. The objectives of this work were to investigate students' attitudes towards physics and physics concepts, as well as to compare the academic achievement of the sample group before and after studying the lessons based on active learning through physics experiments. The sample group in this study consisted of 31 Grade 11 students, and data collection was conducted over the course of one semester. Data …

Graduate Competencies Under The Thai Qualifications Framework For Higher Education In Educational Administration, Sumet Ngamkanok

Journal of Education Studies

This research aimed to 1) study graduate competencies under the Thai Qualifications Framework for higher education in educational administration; 2) develop indicators for developing graduate competency for higher education in educational administration, 3) create a competency development manual for graduates under the Thai qualifications framework for higher education in educational administration. Research instruments included a semi-structured interview form for collecting data and experts interview conclusions to develop indicators and create the questionnaire for evaluation and focus group. There were three stages of the research procedures: 1) studying competency components of graduates under the Thai Qualifications Framework in educational administration; 2) …

The Needs For Developing High-Efficiency Learning Management In The Digital Era, Kanchit Pimjai, Duangkamol Traiwichitkhun

Journal of Education Studies

This research aims to 1) study the conceptual framework for high-efficiency learning management in the digital era, and 2) investigate the needs for developing high-efficiency learning management in the digital era. The study employs a mixed-methods research design divided into two phases. Phase 1 involves qualitative research to address the conceptual framework for high-efficiency learning management in the digital era, with data collected from four selected experts using purposive sampling. The research tool was an interview guide, and the qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis, categorization, and summarization of findings. Phase 2 involves quantitative research to address the needs …

Reform Of Laboratory Courses Teaching In Higher Education To Enhance Sustainability In The Post Covid-19 Era, Bin Zhu, Simin Xing

Journal of Education Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many difficulties and challenges to laboratory courses, but also promoted the development and prosperity of various teaching methods and made the position of laboratory instruction in higher education contemplated deeply. On the other hand, the monotonous and constant teaching materials and the formalized and theorized examination form have resulted in students' inertia and perfunctory attitude toward the experiment learning. Facing unpredictable futures and students' indifferent mentality, we urgently need to redesign the curriculum to enhance flexibility and resilience, meanwhile, ameliorate educational achievements. It is an important guiding principle of curriculum design to utilize diversified teaching …

E-Adviser Neu: Good Practice For Monitoring, Controlling And Consulting Dissertation Development Of Graduate Students In Curriculum And Instruction Program, Santi Wijakkanalan, Somsong Sitthi

Journal of Education Studies

The development of the dissertation of graduates in curriculum and instruction program at Northeastern University is essential and necessary as it is considered evidence of their potential and effort and also an index indicator of the quality of graduate education. Additionally, it is necessary for the process of dissertation development to be systematic with acceptable standards. e-Advisor NEU is an application of information technology of monitoring, controlling, and consulting about the development of dissertation which comprises of a system for students, advisors, and a defense committee. Students can send their dissertation reports to their advisors and receive feedback from them …

A Study Of The Impact Of Covid-19 On Developmental Decline And Learning Loss In Young Children And Recovery Guidelines, Wilailak Langka, Phornchulee Lungka, Narisara Peungposop, Suppawan Satjapiboon

Journal of Education Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the educational system, particularly in young children education. There are guidelines for providing young children education during the COVID-19 pandemic, however, they are still broad and unclear in practice. This research aims to 1) study the impacts of the COVID-19 situation on early childhood children's developmental and learning regression, 2) analyze causal factors that influence teachers’ readiness to organize learning experiences, and 3) examine guidelines to recover the development of early childhood children. Qualitative data were collected via interviews with 50 participants, consisting of administrators and preschool teachers, while quantitative data were gathered using a …

Strategies For Rebranding In The New Era Of Institutes Under The Office Of The Vocational Education Commission, Napaporn Taraartorn, Sakdinaporn Nuntee, Suchat Bangwiset

Journal of Education Studies

The objectives of this research were to: 1) study the components of rebranding in the new era of institutes under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission; 2) study the current, desirable conditions and needs of rebranding; and 3) create and develop strategies for rebranding. The research procedures were divided into three phases. Phase 1 involved determining the requisite components by examining documents and interviewing nine experts. Phase 2 involved studying the current, desirable conditions and needs of rebranding; the sample included 390 administrators and teachers. Phase 3 involved creating and developing strategies through a focus group discussion with nine …

Problems And Anxiety Management Of Piano Performance Contestants, Apichai Limtaveekiettikul, Narongchai Pidokrajt

Journal of Education Studies

Self-regulated anxiety among piano performance contestants is of utmost importance, especially for amateur pianists who lack experiences but still have to endure both internal and external pressure. Eliminating the underlying causes of issues that affect physical health, professional achievements, and lifestyles is crucial. Therefore, learning how to manage anxiety effectively is crucial. This article aims to offer self-management strategies for coping with anxiety during piano performances, particularly for new competitors or those who struggle with anxiety during the show. 1) creating imaginary situations in their minds that could serve as a bridge to reality 2) Planning and preparing in a …

Design And Exploration Of Virtual Multi-Scene Classroom Based On Xr Technology, He Shuang

Journal of Education Studies

With the advent of the global post-epidemic era, the online and offline hybrid teaching mode and virtual learning environment will become the development trend of curriculum teaching and future teaching space. This virtual reality technology has many application cases in the design and business fields, which shows that the multi-scene application based on XR virtual technology is relatively mature and feasible. This study designs experiments for the on-spot teaching space that integrates virtual and reality. The author conducts multi-scene design simulation through the 3D multi-scene software, with the construction of the physical environment, and the recording and tracking of offline …

Effects Of Organizing Mathematics Learning Activity Using Ill-Structured Problem Solving Process And Scaffolding Strategy On Mathematical Reasoning Ability And Attitude Towards Mathematics Of Ninth Grade Students, Apisara Chanhom, Jongkol Thamsuan

Journal of Education Studies

The purposes of this research were 1) to compare the mathematical reasoning ability of students before and after engaging in organized mathematics learning activities using an ill-structured problem-solving process combined with scaffolding, and 2) to compare the attitudes towards mathematics of students before and after participating in organized mathematics learning activities using an ill-structured problem solving process combined with scaffolding. The sample group consisted of 30 ninth grade students under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 2, selected through purposive sampling. The tools used for the experiment included mathematics lesson plans using the ill-structured problem-solving process combined with scaffolding. …

Administering Tolfenamic Acid To Gilts And Sows Before Artificial Insemination Did Not Improve Litter Size But Tended To Reduce Post-Service Serum Prostaglandin F2Α Levels, Pachara Pearodwong, Nithitad Jiebna, Padet Tummaruk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study examined the impact of intramuscular administration of tolfenamic acid 10 min before artificial insemination (AI) on serum PGF2α levels and reproductive performance in gilts and sows. In Experiment I, 20 gilts were divided into two groups: control (n = 10) and treatment (n = 10). Serum samples were collected 30 min before and after insemination to measure PGF2α levels. In Experiment II, 175 gilts and sows were divided into control (25 gilts and 56 sows) and treatment (16 gilts and 78 sows) groups. In both experiments, the treatment group received an intramuscular injection of 2 mg/kg tolfenamic acid …

Distinct Effects Of Extra- And Intracellular Trehalose Supplementation In Freezing Medium On The Post-Thaw Developmental Capacity Of Feline Oocytes, Saengtawan Arayatham, Wirakan Kallayanathum, Panuwat Padungros, Theerawat Tharasanit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Oocyte cryopreservation is a crucial technique for preserving the genetic material of female cats, yet maintaining post-thaw oocyte developmental competence remains a significant challenge. This study investigated the impact of intra- and extracellular trehalose on the developmental competence of feline oocytes following cryopreservation. In Experiment 1, immature feline oocytes were matured in vitro (IVM) with varying concentrations (0, 1.5, and 3 mM) of intracellular trehalose hexaacetate (Tre-(OAc)6). The matured oocytes were then cryopreserved and thawed prior to in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. Experiment 2 examined the effects of extracellular trehalose supplementation at concentrations of 0, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 …

Medication-Induced Esophageal Injury In Cats And Dogs: A Comprehensive Review, Naowarat Suthamnatpong, Aranya Ponpornpisit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Medication-induced esophageal injury (MIEI) is a significant concern in veterinary medicine, affecting the health and well-being of animals undergoing various pharmaceutical treatments. If not addressed promptly, MIEI can lead to severe complications such as esophagitis, esophageal stricture, perforation, and even mortality. This review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of MIEI in veterinary medicine, covering essential aspects such as the basic structure of the esophagus, the epidemiology and etiology of MIEI, and the factors influencing susceptibility. The mechanisms of injury are discussed in detail, focusing on direct mechanical injuries, chemical injuries from medication components, and systemic effects. The review also …

Interaction Of Cumulus-Oocyte Complex (Coc) Number, Oocyte Quality, And Blastocyst Numbers By Repeated Ovum Pick-Up (Opu) In In Vitro Embryo Production, Sakine Ülküm Çizmeci, Dursun Ali Dinc, Mustafa Numan Bucak, Ömer Faruk Yesilkaya, Muhammed Furkan Ciftci, Mehmet Buğra Kivrak, Ayşe Sari, Hasan Ali Cay, Maide Golbasi, Mustafa Bodu

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Ovum pick-up (OPU) is a repeatable technique that is used for the retrieval of large numbers of immature oocytes from the antral follicles of live animals. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of repeated OPU application on cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) number, oocyte quality, and blastocyst rates. The animal material for the study consisted of 10 Holstein heifers. Heifers selected as donors were administered OPU a total of 9 times on random days of the cycle at 1-week intervals. All antral follicles with a diameter of 2-8 mm were aspirated during the OPU procedure. In vitro …

Clinical Consideration In Total Intravenous Anesthesia Using Xylazine And Propofol In Calves, Keita Tokimitsu, Momoko Yachida, Wataru Miki, Tadashi Kuramoto, Nanako Mochizuki, Sakura Yoshida, Tadahiro Goto, Yasuhiro Morita

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Surgery must often be performed in fields where only simple equipment and facilities are available for cattle practice, and anesthesia with minimal procedures should be improved for sufficient surgery in the field and on farms. The study aimed to investigate total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using xylazine and propofol to improve the anesthesia protocol for field surgeries in calves on farms. Fourteen calves undergoing laparotomy (every seven cases of herniorrhaphy for umbilical hernia repair and cryptorchidectomy) were assigned to this experiment and randomly divided into two groups using TIVA: continuous intravenous infusion with only xylazine (XY, 0.24-0.26 mg/kg/h), and xylazine and …

Clinical Features And Imaging Characteristics Of Penile Hematoma Mimicking Priapism In A Dog, Yujeong Shin, Dongseok Kim, Daji Noh, Min Jang, Young-Sam Kwon, Sang-Kwon Lee, Kija Lee

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A 2-year-old, castrated male Jindo dog presented with 6 days of penile swelling and protrusion, suggesting priapism. Blood gas was analyzed by aspirating the corpus cavernosum to differentiate the type. However, the results were ambiguous. Ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a well-encapsulated mass ventral to the urethra. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass (T2-hyperintense, T1-hypointense, with no contrast enhancement) located ventral to the urethra. Cytology revealed only red blood cells, confirming a hematoma. Penile hematoma mimicking priapism was diagnosed. After 11 weeks of glucocorticoid administration, the hematoma and the protruded penis resolved. This case suggests that penile hematoma can be …

Prevalence Of Coronavirus And Rotavirus In Dairy Calves In North-Central Of Algeria, Dadda Anes, Mohamed Cherif Abdellah, Khelef Djamel

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Coronavirus and Rotavirus have been reported as the two main pathogens implicated in neonatal gastroenteritis in calves. The aim of this study is to provide descriptive and analytical epidemiological data and to evaluate the influence of infection with these two viruses on the onset of diarrhea in calves less than 60 days old. In our study, we included 35 dairy cattle farms in the north-central part of Algeria from January 2019 to December 2021. We analyzed 152 samples using the Copro-ELISA test, which revealed a prevalence of 10.53% and 9.87% for Rotavirus and Coronavirus, respectively. The analysis of the results …

Evaluation Of The Presence Of Sarcocystis Spp. In Dogs Raised In Alpaca Farm Enterprises In Cajamarca, Peru, Milena Ydrogo, María Cabrera, Jennifer L. Cuzcano-Anarcaya, Luis A. Vargas-Rocha, Teófilo Torrel

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The apicomplexans of the genus Sarcocystis are parasites that infect various animal species, including humans. Both dogs and other carnivores can act as definitive hosts of this protozoan. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of Sarcocystis spp. in domestic dogs raised in three alpaca breeding areas in Cajamarca. Random fecal samples were collected from 102 dogs of different ages and both sexes in three locations related to alpaca breeding: Atahualpa Jerusalén Agricultural Workers Cooperative - Cajamarca (N = 35), SAIS Huacraruco - San Juan (N = 33), and Alpacas Project - Foncreagro - Sorochuco (N = 34). The …

The Relationship Between Periodontal Disease Of Feline And Oral Core Microbiome, Ziyao Zhou

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The microbiome of the oral cavity is complex with the average adult harboring about 50 to 100 billion bacteria which represent about 200 predominant bacterial species. There are a large number of microbes in the oral cavity of the feline, normally beneficial to oral health and safety maintenance. However, when the balance of bacteria lost, it may occur feline stomatitis and periodontitis, which seriously endanger local oral health. Environmental implication, feeding model, age and genetic factors may be main factors affecting oral composition of microbiome. Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas gingivals, Tannerella forsythia and their interactions are main pathogen that …

Successful Transcatheter Edge-To-Edge Mitral Valve Repair Via Minithoracotomy In Canine Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease: Case Report, Anusak Kijtawornrat, Pasakorn Brikshavana, Suphanut Kulabsri, Varit Wijitratanagorn, Nilubol Booncharoensombat, Phanupong Chinnabrut, Wutti Bunjerdsuwan, Natrada Rujivipat, Nakkawee Saengklub

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TEER) for the correction of mitral regurgitation (MR) due to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) stage B1 in a dog by a hybrid intervention technique via minithoracotomy was first reported in Thailand and Southeast Asia. The dog did not show any clinical signs related to congestive heart failure (CHF). Physical examination revealed systolic murmur grade III/VI. Electrocardiographs were recorded and showed normal sinus rhythm. A thoracic radiograph revealed normal size and shape of the heart (VHS 10.9) and diffuse bronchial pattern in the lungs. A definitive diagnosis of MMVD was made by echocardiography. The dog …

Multidrug-Resistance In Escherichia Coli And Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolated From Broiler Chickens In Eastern Thailand, Suttitas Tongkamsai, Wachirawit Chatmontee, Kulchai Nakbubpa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Broiler chickens have been suggested as an important source of antibiotic resistance Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). The coinfection of multiple species of bacteria provides a specific ecological niche for the plasmid-mediated exchange of antibiotic-resistance genes. However, there is limited information about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from broiler chickens. This study aimed to isolate E. coli and K. pneumoniae from broiler chicken farms in Thailand by observing the antibiotic resistance profiles and detecting the coexistence of these two bacteria. A total of 26 E. coli and 29 …

Nasopharyngeal Amelanotic Melanoma In Cat; A Case Report, Chutirat Torsahakul, Sujittra Thaipradist

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A 10-year-old sterilized female DSH cat was referred to the Small Animal Teaching Hospital (SATH), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University for diagnosis and treatment. She was quiet, alert, and responsive (QAR) and had a normal appetite. The clinical sign of upper respiratory distress with stridor had been presented for more than three months. Computed tomography (CT) and radiography examination were used for diagnosis, and the results showed a soft tissue mass in the nasopharyngeal region. The morphology and position of the nasopharyngeal mass were demonstrated by retrograde rhinoscopy, which was underwent a biopsy simultaneously. Histopathological examination indicated an amelanotic …

The Effects Of Dietary Level Of Mulberry Leaf Powder On Growth Performance, Carcass Yields, And Some Serum Lipid Levels In Pradu-Hang-Dam Chickens During Cool And Rainy Seasons, Sarawanee Khunmanee, Thuwanon Boonkerd, Thananon Junsuri, Winai Kaewlamun, Pachara Pearodwong, Kajohn Nitiwararak

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of mulberry leaf powder (MLP) supplementation and to evaluate the impact of different seasons on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood lipid levels of Pradu-Hang-Dam chickens. One-week-old chickens were assigned to three groups: a control group (without MLP) and two groups receiving diets supplemented with 0.5% and 1.5% MLP, respectively, over a 10-week period. The results indicated that during the cool season, the control group exhibited the highest feed intake, average daily gain, and superior carcass characteristics (P < 0.05). In the rainy season, chickens supplemented with 1.5% MLP achieved the highest feed intake, while those supplemented with 0.5% MLP showed the highest average daily gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the 1.5% MLP group demonstrated superior carcass characteristics compared to the control group during the rainy season (P < 0.05). Analysis of blood lipid metabolism revealed that the group supplemented with 0.5% MLP during the cool season had the lowest levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein. In conclusion, the cool season is the most favorable for raising Pradu-Hang-Dam chickens in Thailand. Additionally, supplementing diets with at least 0.5% MLP during the rainy season can improve growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters.

Presence Of The Ade Multidrug Systems And Response To Triclosan Exposure In Acinetobacter Baumannii From Animal Origins, Sirawit Pagdepanichkit, Rungtip Chuanchuen

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Thirty Acinetobacter baumannii from animal origins were obtained from 210 animal carcasses submitted for post-mortem examination, including dogs (n=112), cats (n=45), rabbits (n=17), birds (n=15), pigs (n=7) and exotic animals (n=14). All the isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility with absence and presence of efflux inhibitors i.e. reserpine and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and expression profile of important six multidrug efflux systems (i.e. AdeABC, AdeDE, AdeFGH, AdeIJK, AbeM and AmvA). Fifteen isolates expressing different Ade multidrug efflux pumps were selected for determining transcription levels and regulatory mutations. A continuous in vitro exposure experiment with benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and triclosan …

The Effects Of The Brain Training Program On Cognition Among The Older Adults In Thailand, Chutima Thongwachira, Vilaivan Thongcharoen, Usa Khemthong, Natnarun Kleawklong

Journal of Health Research

Background: Dementia is typically found in older adults, and negatively impacts cognitive function. The current study examined the effects of brain training programs with learning activities on cognitive function in older adults.

Methods: We conducted a two-arm quasi-experimental study with participants who were over 60 years old and had Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores < 25 (n=66). The intervention group (n=33) performed a brain training program with learning activities based on social cognitive theory. MoCA scores were evaluated at baseline, immediately after activities were completed at Week 9, and 3 months after the activities were completed.

Results: Sixty-six participants showed low MoCA. Mean MoCA scores at baseline in the control group (CG) and intervention group (IG) were 20.09 (SD = 2.89) and 19.82 (SD = 2.33), respectively; whereas MoCA scores immediately after activities were completed (Week 9) were 19.15 (SD = 2.06) …

Survival And Factors Associated With Mortality Among Patients With Lung Cancer In Northeastern Thailand, Bhunyabhadh Chaimay, Somkiattiyos Woradet, Nuntiput Putthanachote, Pongdech Sarakarn, Jutalux Kaewmafai

Journal of Health Research

Background: Lung cancer presents a significant global health challenge, with its incidence and mortality rates remaining high. This study aimed to investigate survival rates and factors contributing to mortality among lung cancer patients in rural northeastern Thailand.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Roi Et Hospital in rural northeastern Thailand. The study included 130 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients between March 1, 2015, and October 31, 2017. All participants were interviewed and followed up for vital status until death or the end of the study on December 31, 2019. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Kaplan–Meier survival …

The Factors Associate With The Utilization Of Emergency Medical System (Ems) Services In Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Sherin Ibrahem, Waraporn Boonchieng, Suwat Chariyalertsak, Kannikar Intawong, Aksara Thongprachum, Napaphat Poprom

Journal of Health Research

Background: The Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system is a network of coordinated medical service providers and resources that respond to medical emergencies. The Thai government implemented a national plan aimed to develop of the EMS services system. To our knowledge, there was little or no previous research about the factors associated with services use. The study aimed to explore the factors associated with using EMS services in Chiang Mai province, Thailand.

Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The first step was the selection of covariates associated with the using EMS/ ambulance services using …

Effects Of The 5a Model Toward Perceiving Self-Efficacy Of Nursing Students’ Counseling For Tobacco Cessation, Siripan Naknoi, Pirin Nichachotesalid, Songwut Sungbun, Sasithorn Tomon, Krisada Tongtub, Tanawat Ruamsook

Journal of Health Research

Background: Tobacco control is a critical global health issue, especially due to the tobacco industry’s targeting of youths and children, which challenges educational institutions. This study examined the impact of the 5A model on nursing students’ perceptions of smoking cessation counseling.

Method: This quasi-experimental study used a one-group pretest-posttest design to evaluate the effect of the 5A model on nursing students’ self-efficacy. It involved 30 nursing students from Princess Agrarajakumari College of Nursing at Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand. Over four weeks, students engaged in online learning, simulation-based learning, field training in counseling, and completed a self-efficacy questionnaire …

Comparison Of Efficacy Between Thai Herbal Anti-Hemorrhoid Formula And Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction In Patients With Internal Hemorrhoids, Darunee Rattanawongsamathakul, Varut Lohsiriwat, Suksalin Booranasubkajorn, Angkana Apichartvorakit, Pravit Akarasereenont

Journal of Health Research

Background: Hemorrhoids are a common anorectal condition. In Thai traditional medicine, the Bantaoridsidwangthawan formula (BRF) has been used to treat hemorrhoids. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and satisfaction of BRF versus Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) in patients with internal hemorrhoids grades 1 and 2.

Methods: This was a single-blind, randomized control noninferiority trial. Twenty-seven participants were randomly assigned to BRF (n=13) or MPFF (n=14). The BRF group received 5 pills 3 times daily for 14 days. The MPFF group received 2 tablets 3 times daily for 4 days, and then 2 tablets 2 times daily …