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Hiv-Aids Prevention Among Women In Indonesia And The Philippines: A Demographic Health Survey 2017, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, Shabrina Arifia Qatrannada, Dewi Sulistyorini

Journal of Health Research

Background: This study was conducted to compare HIV prevention practices among women in Indonesia and the Philippines, focusing on similarities and differences between both countries.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used with data from the Demographic Health Survey, including 39,897 and 22,0813 responses from Indonesia and the Philippines. We investigated the associations between explanatory variables and HIV outcome variables, HIV prevention practices, using Chi-square tests followed by multivariate, logistic regression.

Results: Greater levels of HIV knowledge were associated with an increase in prevention practices. Women with higher levels of knowledge had 2.80 times greater odds of practicing prevention compared to …

Comparison Of Age-Standardized Suicide Rate And Standard Population Composition In South Korea, 2005–2022, Chae-Bong Kim, Eun-Kyu Shine

Journal of Health Research

Background: South Korea has the highest suicide rate among the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, with the highest rates found among older adults and adolescents. Calculating accurate suicide rates requires sophisticated estimates that consider population composition. This study aimed to report the age-standardized suicide rates of South Koreans between 2005 and 2022.

Method: We calculated the age-standardized suicide rates in South Korea utilizing cause-of-death statistics data from the years 2000, 2010, 2015, 2018 and 2022 and the standard populations from 2000 and 2020. We reported the differences in suicide rates in South Koreans by age group …

Identifying Stroke Risk And Its Association With Multilevel Factors Among Older People With Uncontrolled Hypertension In Chiang Rai, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study, Sunaree Tanapek, Sarunya Benjakul, Mondha Kengganpanich, Jutatip Sillabutra

Journal of Health Research

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death among older adults with uncontrolled hypertension. However, most studies focus on stroke patients rather than those at risk. This study examined stroke risk levels in older adults with uncontrolled hypertension in Chiang Rai, Thailand, and explored their associations with multilevel factors using an ecological model.

Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in a community of 238 individuals aged 60–69 years using multistage stratified random sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews and physical examinations (September-November 2023). The instruments were validated for reliability and met standard acceptance criteria. Binary logistic regression with …

Lived Experiences Of Icu Nurses Caring For Critically Ill Patients Infected With Covid-19: A Phenomenological Study In Thailand, Charuedee Putruttanamaneekun, Yaowarat Matchim, Thitiporn Pathomjaruwat, Thanyarat Boontoi, Itsari Srisupha-Olarn, Sukanya Thongbupa, Borwarnluck Thongthawee, Parinya Raetong

Journal of Health Research

Background: COVID-19 is an emerging disease that caused infections and a pandemic worldwide. Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses played an important role in providing care for critically ill patients. Their experiences during the pandemic in Thailand were not well documented. This study explored the lived experiences of ICU nurses caring for critically ill patients infected with COVID-19 in Thailand.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative, phenomenological study guided by Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics. Data were collected between December 2021 and March 2023 among fifteen ICU nurses at a university hospital. The partcipants drew pictures reflecting their experiences; they participated in in-depth interviews …

Primary Care Doctors' Attitudes Towards Geriatric Care In Malaysia:An Online Survey, Azmi Mohd Ikhwan, Na. Hamid, Sukeri Surianti, Inche Zainal Abidin Sheleaswani, Abd Hamid Anees

Journal of Health Research

Background: Primary care doctors play a pivotal role in an ageing society. They must possess appropriate attitudes about offering effective care to older people. Therefore, this study sought to determine the attitudes of primary care doctors towards geriatric care and factors associated with positive attitudes among these doctors in Malaysia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted between May 2023 and January 2024, included 328 primary care doctors in Malaysia. It used convenience sampling and included doctors who had worked for at least six months in a primary care setting. The University of California Los Angeles Geriatric Attitude Scale questionnaire was administered …

The Investigation Of Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, Dietary Achievement, And Satisfaction Among Patients With Colorectal Cancer Post-Using A Web Application: A Quasi-Experimental Study, Pornpimon Nunthanawanich, Sanit Wichansawakun, Cholrit Luangjinda, Chatrapa Hudthagosol

Journal of Health Research

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern, with malnutrition being a leading cause of death among Thai cancer patients. Misinformation, lack of knowledge, and false beliefs contribute to nutrition-related issues. Online platforms offer an alternative for patient education. This study aimed to compare the impact of two nutritional education tools, the Nutrition Educational Prototype based on Smartphone Web Applications (NEPSA) and standard hospital leaflets with nutrition counselling, on nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices in malnourished patients with CRC undergoing chemotherapy.

Method: This quasi-experimental study employed pretest and posttest designs with a nonequivalent control group. Twenty-eight …

Fall Incidences, Risk Factors, And Health Effects Among Early- And Middle-Aged Elderly People In Rural Areas Of Border Provinces In Southern Thailand, Phnom Sukchan, Tapanan Prateepko, Arinda Ma-A-Lee, Kruawan Hounkong, Penporn Sujiwattanarat, Gornganok Piboonpol

Journal of Health Research

Background: Elderly individuals with physical and psychological challenges face a high risk of falls. This study aimed to assess the incidence, health effects of, and risk factors for falls among those aged 60-79 years old in Thailand's three southern border provinces.

Methods: A community cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and September 2022. Questionnaires were administered though verbal face-to-face conversations. Descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression were used.

Results: A total of 419 elderly participants were recruited, while 374 participated in the study. The incidence of falls was 37.4% with an average of 1.7 …

Horizontal Equity Of Outpatient Care Utilization In Elderly Under Universal Coverage Scheme: Evidence From 2 Area Health Managements In Thailand, Methinee Intarates, Supasit Pannarunothai, Sarunya Benjakul, Nilawan Upakdee

Journal of Health Research

Background: The Thai health system emphasized area health management in 2013 for better service provision. This study examined the equity of health care utilization among the elderly. The aims of this study were: 1) to quantify horizontal inequity in terms of number of hospital visits and health care expense among elderly patients with chronic non-communicable disease in Thailand in 2018; 2) to decompose factors explaining health inequity across area health management.

Method: Econometric analysis was performed using the 43-file standard dataset from 2 health regions of the Ministry of Public Health, Thailand in 2018. The horizontal inequity (HI) index was …

Diagnostic Imaging Of A Large Pancreatic Pseudocyst With Infection Over Time In A Dog, Chanyoung Ryu, Wooseok Jin, Sang-Kwon Lee, Daji Noh, Sooyoung Choi, Kija Lee

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A 5-year-old Pompitz presented with anorexia and vomiting. Radiographs showed a half-moon-shaped mass in the left cranial abdomen. A large cyst was identified near the left pancreas on ultrasound. Computed tomography revealed a fluid-attenuating mass with rim enhancement in the pancreas. Laboratory tests identified Staphylococcus warneri in the cystic lesion, and pancreatic pseudocyst with infection was suspected. The fluid accumulation and clinical signs recurred over several months. Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging showed a hyperintense cystic lesion with a duct-like structure and hyperintense line between the cyst and the gastric wall on T2-weighted images as well as signal change of the …

Assessment Of The Relationship Between Particulate Matter Level And Respiratory Diseases In Dogs And Cats In Bangkok, Thailand, Nattawan Tangmahakul, Janenisa Klomklao, Damisa Thanyapornsombat, Tuangphon Lertsubkhajohn, Wiphawa Piboonlapudom, Satraporn Mettaviparee, Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Particulate matter (PM) 2.5 has become a serious pollution concern in many countries, including Thailand. Due to its small particle size, PM2.5 can penetrate deep into pulmonary tissues, posing health risks to humans. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that PM2.5 may also cause respiratory diseases in dogs and cats. This study aimed to evaluate a relationship between PM2.5 levels and the number of dogs and cats visiting due to respiratory problems in Bangkok, Thailand, and to investigate potential environmental factors that may contribute to these health outcomes. A total of 184 dogs and 73 cats were included in the study. Medical …

Impact Of Colostrum Lactose Concentration In Relation To Metabolomic Profiles On Kid Growth Performance Of Black Bengal Goats, Tien Thi Phuong Vo, Chollada Buranakarl, Sumonwan Chamsuwan, Sumpun Thammacharoen, Morakot Nuntapaitoon, Sarn Settachaimongkon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Colostrum composition, including lactose concentration in relation to metabolomic profiles on kids’ growth performance of Black Bengal goats, has not yet been elucidated. Macronutrients, including lactose and metabolomic profiles, were determined in 37 colostrum samples using MilkoScan and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance technique, respectively. Kids’ growth performance, including birth weight, average daily gain at 0–4 weeks (ADG0-4W), 4–8 weeks (ADG4-8W), and wean weight were determined. A total of 51 metabolites were detected in the colostrum. From the general linear model for univariate analysis, kids born from multiple litter sizes showed lower ADG during the first month postpartum (P = 0.004). …

Advantages, Disadvantages, And Factors Influencing The Reproductive Performance Of Gilts And Sows Raised In Gestational Group Housing And Free-Farrowing Systems, Natchanon Dumniem Dr., Thomas D. Parsons, Padet Tummaruk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In the modern global pig industry, there is a growing interest in animal-friendly agriculture, encouraging farmers to prioritize humane practices and meet the welfare needs of their animals. In developed countries, consumers are increasingly concerned about animal welfare, particularly regarding pigs as social animals, advocating for their housing in groups that reflect their natural behaviors in the wild. There is significant societal pressure to eliminate the use of crate systems, which cause discomfort to animals in commercial farming. In these systems, breeding females are often restricted in movement throughout the reproductive cycle. As a result, alternative husbandry and housing systems …

Safety Study Of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Extracted From New Zealand Green Lipped Mussel And Krill On Hematology And Blood Chemistry Profiles Of Healthy Dogs And Cats, Uttra Jamikorn, Panumas Kongpanna

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) is a shellfish with a green shell containing many types of fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the safety of dietary PUFAs supplementation on blood hematology, chemistry and coagulogram pancreatic enzymes in dogs and cats. Twelve healthy beagle dogs and healthy mature cats were used in these studies. Complete randomized block and triplicate 4×4 Latin square designs were used for these dog and cat safety studies, respectively. Experimental diets composed of sham control (0X) and 3 treatment groups, including 1X, 3X, and …

Reproductive Performances Of Bali Cattle Under Different Management Systems For Designing Their Breeding Strategies, Dwi Hariyono, Panjono Panjono, Dwi Priyadi, Adisti Rastosari, Eny Endrawati, Tety Hartatik

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Reproductive performance is an economically important trait in beef cattle breeding and improvement programs, as it directly influences overall productivity. Key performance indicators, such as age at puberty (AP), age at first mating (AFM), age at first calving (AFC), calving intervals (CI), days open (DO), number of services per conception (NSC), conception rate (CR), and gestation length (GL), can be used to assess reproductive performance. This review summarized findings from previous studies on the reproductive performance of Bali cattle under various management conditions in Indonesia. The literature indicated a range of reproductive performances in Bali cattle, with AP varying from …

Region-Specific Hematological And Biochemical Reference Intervals For Southern Thai Fighting Bulls, Dhiravit Chantip, Nantaporn Chooruang, Kitikarn Sakuna, Niramol Thongtem, Wiruntita Bohman

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Accurate health assessments are vital for the performance and welfare of fighting bulls. Existing hematological and biochemical reference intervals (RIs) for cattle may not adequately reflect the unique characteristics of fighting bulls due to breed, age, and geographical differences. This study aimed to develop and apply region-specific RIs for hematological and biochemical parameters in fighting bulls from southern Thailand. A retrospective analysis of laboratory records was conducted on 1,460 healthy fighting bulls enrolled in an annual health check program at the Livestock Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, from January 2016 to December 2023. Blood …

Antituberculosis Potential Of Borrelidin Derivatives: An In Silico Molecular Docking And Molecular Dynamic Approach, Teni Ernawati, Donny Ramadhan, Faris Hermawan, Sasmito Wulyoadi, Bambang Marwoto, Ahmad Wibisana, Bambang Srijanto

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: The present tuberculosis (TB) treatment requires a significant time commitment, often lasting from 6 months to 2 years, with strict daily adherence. Non-compliance leads to drug resistance and suboptimal outcomes. Present research indicates that borrelidin shows potential activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including strains that are resistant to first-line medications. Borrelidin has shown remarkable activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 3.12 μg/mL. Therefore, investigating the inhibition activity of borrelidin derivatives was essential for finding new anti-TB candidates. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of 31 borrelidin derivative compounds …

Cost-Utility Analysis Of Riluzole Treatment Compared With Supportive Care For Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Thaiphat Rattana-Amonloet, Ampai Pimkrai, Piyameth Dilokthornsakul, Unchalee Permsuwan

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: In Thailand, riluzole, a drug used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), was costly and had not yet been included in the National List of Essential Medicines. In addition, no studies have been conducted on the cost-effectiveness of the drug. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-utility of riluzole in treating patients with ALS compared with supportive care from the perspective of societal and health-care providers. Methods: A Markov model was employed to analyze costs and benefits from a societal and the health-care provider’s perspective. Outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The analysis calculated an incremental …

Preparation And Evaluation Of Mesoporous Celecoxib For Improved Antiarthritic Activity In Rodents, Reena I. Fernandaes, Sayani Bhattacharyya

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Celecoxib, a model anti-inflammatory drug, used in the management of arthritis exhibits limited oral bioavailability and slow onset of action due to its poor solubility. Objective: The present study explores a mesoporous drug delivery of celecoxib to investigate the efficacy of its antiarthritic activity in animal models, and develops a low-oral dose therapy. Materials and Methods: The solvent evaporation method was employed for the preparation of mesoporous delivery of celecoxib, using Syloid^®, and Neusilin^®, at a molar ratio of silica/ drug 1:2.5. The formulations were characterized for drug loading, in vitro drug release, and material …

The Antioxidant And Antiaging Activity Of Fig (Ficus Carica Linn) Leaf Ethanolic Extract In Vitro, Aji Winanta, Novita Zulaekhah, Perdana Priya Haresmita, Annisa Krisridwany, Rifki Febriansah, Inka Aprissa

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Human organ systems can experience the aging process, one of which is the aging of the skin, characterized by dry, rough, or scaly skin, dullness, dark spots, and wrinkles. Previous studies have found that fig leaves contain compounds that have the potential to be anti-aging.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the potential of fig leaves (Ficus carica Linn) as an anti-aging agent by examining their antioxidant activity, elastase inhibition, and antioxidative stress activity against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Materials and Methods: The phytochemicals in fig leaf ethanol extract were identified using phytochemical screening tests, …

Enhancing Topical Drug Delivery Of Apremilast Through Niosomal Gel Formulation: Ex Vivo Skin Permeation And In Vivo Evaluation For Psoriasis, Megha Shyam Matlapudi, Anka Rao Areti, Yukti Jaiswal, Veeresh Bantal, Raghavender Medishetti

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Psoriasis is a dynamic and chronic disease characterized by inflammatory changes and an increased rate of keratinocyte proliferation leading to the formation of erythematous scleroderma plaques with a silvery sheen. The existing therapies come with shortcomings in terms of effectiveness and leave behind a trail of side effects. Hence, there is a need of alternative therapeutic measures. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of Apremilast Niosomal Gel (APR Nio Gel) in treating psoriasis, comparing its effectiveness with conventional gel (APR Gel) and oral suspension (APR Oral) formulations. Materials and Methods: Apremilast niosomes were prepared by thin …

Study Of Laws And Regulations Related To The Management Of Florfenicol Detection Cases In Swine, Shinnawat Saengungsumalee

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Florfenicol, an antibiotic permitted in veterinary medicine, currently lacks an established maximum residue limit (MRL) in meat products in Thailand, effectively mandating undetectable residue levels. In May 2024, Thailand Pesticide Alert Network reported florfenicol residues in swine, raising concerns about consumer safety, rational veterinary drug use, and the potential for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Addressing these issues involves multiple laws, decrees, and regulations across various agencies. Objectives: To analyze laws and regulations managing florfenicol residue detection in swine. Materials and Methods: This documentary research examines relevant laws, regulations, and measures for florfenicol in livestock and compares Thailand’s regulations with those …

Evaluating Asthma Education: A Comparison Of Whatsapp-Based Digital Interventions And Traditional Techniques, Rama Parthasarathy, Jayakumar Rajagopal, Sona Primuha Sugumaran, Sharon Angelin Johnson, Sai Shyam Kumar Nappa Selvam, Karthikeyan Ramaraju

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background and Aims: Asthma is a chronic lung disease affecting people of all age group, which is characterized by inflammation and muscle tightening around the airway. Coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath are the symptoms. The main complication faced by asthma patient is poor medication adherence; to overcome this patient counseling was performed. In this patient education was given through both digital and direct approaches. It is important to find out whether the above-mentioned approaches improve medication adherence. This research specifically investigates whether digital approaches through WhatsApp can directly improve asthma control compared to traditional methods. Methods: A prospective …

องค์การการค้าโลกกับวิกฤตโลกร้อน: วิเคราะห์มาตรการเก็บค่าธรรมเนียมคาร์บอนข้ามพรมแดนของสหภาพยุโรป (The World Trade Organization And Global Warming Crisis: Analysis On The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Of The European Union), Sakda Thanitcul

Chulalongkorn University Law Journal

ในปี พ.ศ. 2541 (ค.ศ. 1998) องค์กรอุทธรณ์ขององค์การการค้าโลก (the World Trade Organization) ได้ให้ความสำคัญของค่านิยมเรื่อง “การอนุรักษ์สัตว์ป่าที่ใกล้สูญพันธุ์” ได้แก่ เต่าทะเล ว่ามีความสำคัญเทียบเท่ากับค่านิยมเรื่อง “ประสิทธิภาพทางเศรษฐกิจ” ตามทฤษฎีทางเศรษฐศาสตร์เรื่องความได้เปรียบโดยเปรียบเทียบ (Comparative Advantage) โดยตัดสินคดีข้อพิพาทระหว่างประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกากับประเทศอินเดีย ปากีสถาน มาเลเซีย และไทย ว่ามาตรการของประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกาที่ห้ามนำเข้ากุ้งจากประเทศอินเดีย ปากีสถาน มาเลเซีย และไทยนั้น แม้จะเป็นมาตรการที่ไม่สอดคล้องกับข้อ 11 ของความตกลงทั่วไปว่าด้วยภาษีศุลกากรและการค้า (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade หรือ GATT) ก็ตาม แต่ก็ได้รับการนิรโทษตามข้อ 20 (จี) ของความตกลงฉบับดังกล่าวเนื่องจากเต่าทะเลเป็นทรัพยากรธรรมชาติที่ใช้แล้วสูญสิ้นหมดไป เมื่อวิเคราะห์เปรียบเทียบระหว่างคำตัดสินในข้อพิพาทดังกล่าวกับมาตรการเก็บคาร์บอนข้ามพรมแดนของสหภาพยุโรป (European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism หรือ EU-CBAM) แล้ว อาจชี้ให้เห็นได้ว่าในอนาคต หากมีข้อพิพาทที่เกี่ยวข้องกับมาตรการดังกล่าวเข้าสู่กลไกระงับข้อพิพาทขององค์การการค้าโลกแล้ว คณะพิจารณาข้อพิพาทและองค์กรอุทธรณ์ขององค์การการค้าโลกซึ่งตระหนักดีถึงปัญหา “วิกฤตโลกร้อน” ที่เกิดขึ้นในปัจจุบัน ก็มีแนวโน้มสูงที่จะให้ความสำคัญกับค่านิยมสากลเรื่อง “การอนุรักษ์ชั้นบรรยากาศโลก” อันได้แก่ การลดปริมาณการปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจกเข้าสู่ชั้นบรรยากาศของโลกเพื่อไม่ให้อุณหภูมิของโลกสูงขึ้นเกินกว่า 2 องศาเซลเซียส ภายใน พ.ศ. 2593 (ค.ศ. 2050) ไม่น้อยไปกว่าค่านิยมเรื่อง “ประสิทธิภาพทางเศรษฐกิจ” และคงจะตัดสินให้มาตรการ EU-CBAM ได้รับการนิรโทษตามข้อ 20 (จี) ของความตกลงทั่วไปว่าด้วยภาษีศุลกากรและการค้าเช่นเดียวกัน

กระบวนการคัดกรองผู้ลี้ภัยของประเทศไทย: การริเริ่มให้ความคุ้มครองแก่ประชากรพลัดถิ่นในรัฐที่มิได้เป็นภาคีต่ออนุสัญญาผู้ลี้ภัย (Thailand’S National Screening Mechanism: Initiating ‘Asylum’ Procedures In A Non-Signatory To The 1951 Refugee Convention), Prima Sukmanop

Chulalongkorn University Law Journal

ประเทศไทยมิได้มีกฎหมายภายในประเทศที่รับรองคุ้มครองสิทธิในการแสวงหาที่ลี้ภัยจากการประหัตประหาร (Right to Seek Asylum from Persecution) ของผู้พลัดถิ่น (Forcibly Displaced Persons) ซึ่งรวมถึงผู้ลี้ภัย (Refugees) เป็นการเฉพาะ ทั้งนี้ เมื่อเดือนกันยายน พ.ศ. 2566 สำนักงานตรวจคนเข้าเมืองได้เริ่มคัดกรอง “ผู้ได้รับการคุ้มครอง” ตามระเบียบสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรีว่าด้วยการคัดกรองคนต่างด้าวที่เข้ามาในราชอาณาจักรและไม่สามารถเดินทางกลับประเทศอันเป็นภูมิลำเนาได้ พ.ศ. 2562 หรือที่รู้จักกันในนาม National Screening Mechanism (NSM) โดยคนต่างด้าวที่ผ่านการคัดกรองจะได้รับการคุ้มครองจากการถูกบังคับส่งกลับไปยังประเทศต้นทางที่อาจมีภยันตราย (Protection Against Refoulement) แม้ประเทศไทยจะมิได้เป็นภาคีต่ออนุสัญญาว่าด้วยสถานภาพผู้ลี้ภัย ค.ศ. 1951 และพิธีสารที่เกี่ยวข้องก็ตาม แต่กระบวนการคัดกรอง NSM ปรากฏลักษณะสำคัญที่คล้ายคลึงกับกระบวนการพิจารณาสถานภาพผู้ลี้ภัย (Refugee Status Determination: RSD) ซึ่งสำนักงานข้าหลวงใหญ่ผู้ลี้ภัยแห่งสหประชาชาติ (UNHCR) ได้ดำเนินการในประเทศไทยมาหลายทศวรรษ อย่างไรก็ดี เมื่อกระบวนการคัดกรอง NSM ถูกดำเนินงานโดยหน่วยงานภาครัฐ อีกทั้งเป็นกระบวนการภายใต้กฎหมายว่าด้วยคนเข้าเมืองซึ่งยึดโยงกับความมั่นคงของชาติและผลประโยชน์ทางการเมืองในระดับภูมิภาค จึงอาจมีข้อพิจารณาอื่นนอกเหนือไปจากความเสี่ยงต่อการประหัตประหาร แตกต่างไปจากบริบทความคุ้มครองระหว่างประเทศ อันเป็นเจตนารมณ์ของกระบวนการคัดกรองผู้ลี้ภัยโดยทั่วไป ดังนั้น จึงเกิดข้อถกเถียงว่ากระบวนการคัดกรอง NSM อาจมิใช่กระบวนการพิจารณาสถานภาพผู้ลี้ภัยในระดับชาติตามความคาดหวังของประชาคมโลก แต่เป็นเพียงข้อโต้แย้งภายใต้กระบวนการตรวจคนเข้าเมืองที่ยังคงปรากฏข้อจำกัดแก่การเข้าถึงสิทธิขั้นพื้นฐาน และอาจยังมิใช่วิธีการแก้ไขปัญหาผู้ลี้ภัยอย่างยั่งยืน

Art Activities In Anatomical Learning For Medical Students, Chidtralada Charoenporn, Apichart Pholprasert, Soamshine Boonyananta

Journal of Education Studies

This research aims to: 1) analyze and synthesize the methods and results of using art activities in learning anatomy for medical students, and 2) develop an art activity model to support anatomy learning. The research utilizes a systematic literature review method to study previous research articles that cover art activities in anatomy learning for medical students. The articles reviewed were sourced from databases in Thailand and internationally, focusing on research published within the past five years. A total of 11 articles that met the specified criteria were selected, and the results were analyzed. The study found that using art activities …

Effect Of Feeding A Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product On Immune Response To Vaccines Against Newcastle Disease Virus, Avian Influenza Virus, And The Prevalence Of Chronic Respiratory Disease And Coccidiosis In Chickens Raised In A Low Biosecurity Production System, Bui Thi Hien, Ho Thi Dung, Pham Hoang Son Hung, Le Duc Thao, Nguyen Van Chao, Tran Quang Vui, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Anjan Mondal, Nsereko Victor, Le Dinh Phung

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study was carried out in a low biosecurity production system to explore the effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on immune responses to vaccination against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Avian influenza (H5N1) and prevalence of common diseases in chickens including chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and coccidiosis. One hundred and ninety two 1-day-old chickens were randomly assigned into control (a standard basal diet) and treatment (a standard basal diet containing 1.25 kg/MT of Diamond V XPC™ – a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product). Immunity data on antibody titers to NDV and H5N1 were collected at 3 weeks and …

Antibiotic Resistance Profile Of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From Healthy Pigs In The Republic Of Armenia, Yura Shirvanyan, Irma Artushyan, Lilit Hovsepyan, Ashkhen Shirvanyan, Elmira Ghazaryan, Tigran Markosyan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Enterobacteriaceae in livestock presents a significant threat to both animal and human health. This study investigates the antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from 160 samples collected from the lymph nodes of healthy pigs in Armenia. Fifty isolates were identified, including Escherichia coli (24), Klebsiella spp. (10), Salmonella spp. (6), Raoultella ornithinolytica (4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4), and Proteus mirabilis (2). Resistance was evaluated using the disk diffusion method against 22 antibiotics from nine classes. Alarmingly, 94.5% of isolates were resistant to clarithromycin and 90.3% to erythromycin, while resistance to cephalothin and amoxicillin …

First Record Of Nesting Ecology And Tumor-Forming Disease In Endangered Green Turtles (Chelonia Mydas) On Taiping Island, Taiwan, Tsung-Hsien Li, Po-Yu Wu, Ming-An Tsai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Taiping Island is an important sea turtle nesting site in Taiwan. However, information on the nesting ecology on Taiping Island is still limited. The present study was conducted between 26 April and 3 June 2023 with the objective of collecting primary data on the sea turtle species that nest on the island. A total of 20 individual nesting green turtles were identified. No other sea turtle species were recorded nesting during this period. Five percent of nesting sea turtles had external tumors. The mean curved carapace length of all nesting female turtles was 98.2 cm. A total of 28 clutches …

The Advanced Strategies Of Human And Donor Milk Fortification And Its Effect On Long-Term Outcome In Preterm Babies, Ashwini Lakra, Mahaveer Singh Lakra, Ishani Arora, Heena Bhandekar, Amar Taksande, Roshan Prasad, Mayur Wanjari

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Poor growth in intrauterine and extrauterine life and inadequate protein supplementation in babies during the first weeks of premature babies are linked to long-term growth failure and poor brain development. The calorie requirements of premature newborns cannot always be fulfilled, even with routine and traditional fortification. This is because traditional fortification procedures rely on the presumed well-known composition of human milk rather than the calculated one. The protein content of mothers' milk of preterm babies varies, decreases with breastfeeding duration, and differs with donor human milk being preserved in milk banks for a long duration. Newer fortification techniques are needed …

Appropriate International Normalized Ratio Follow-Up Interval In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Taking Warfarin, Komsing Methavigul, Jirayu Sutasanasuang

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: The international normalized ratio (INR) is recommended to be followed up every four-week intervals in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) taking warfarin. However, data about the appropriate INR follow-up interval are lacking in those patients.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the appropriate INR follow-up intervals in AF patients receiving warfarin between 6-week and 12-week intervals of follow-up appointments.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with AF taking warfarin at the Central Chest Institute of Thailand between January 2017 to May 2023. The primary outcome was time in therapeutic range (TTR) in each group of follow-up interval and secondary outcome …