Digital Commons Network^™

1967 - Dec. 3, Carolyn Brown Dodge

Carolyn Brown Dodge Letters

Carolyn Dodge resided in Ellensburg, Washington, in the Badger Pocket area on a farm with her family and her letters describe her daily life as a farm wife and later as the wife of a potato broker in the Quincy Basin. She also wrote letters to her cousin at her residences in Kittitas and Quincy, Washington, following her time in Ellensburg.

1962 - July 2, Carolyn Brown Dodge

Carolyn Brown Dodge Letters

Carolyn Dodge resided in Ellensburg, Washington, in the Badger Pocket area on a farm with her family and her letters describe her daily life as a farm wife and later as the wife of a potato broker in the Quincy Basin. She also wrote letters to her cousin at her residences in Kittitas and Quincy, Washington, following her time in Ellensburg.

1954 January 8 Dear Carol, Ernest & Vernan, Carolyn Brown Dodge

Carolyn Brown Dodge Letters

Carolyn Dodge resided in Ellensburg, Washington, in the Badger Pocket area on a farm with her family and her letters describe her daily life as a farm wife and later as the wife of a potato broker in the Quincy Basin. She also wrote letters to her cousin at her residences in Kittitas and Quincy, Washington, following her time in Ellensburg.

1953 February 21 Dear Grace, Carolyn Brown Dodge

Carolyn Brown Dodge Letters

Carolyn Dodge resided in Ellensburg, Washington, in the Badger Pocket area on a farm with her family and her letters describe her daily life as a farm wife and later as the wife of a potato broker in the Quincy Basin. She also wrote letters to her cousin at her residences in Kittitas and Quincy, Washington, following her time in Ellensburg.

1963 - Nov. 11, Carolyn Brown Dodge

Carolyn Brown Dodge Letters

Carolyn Dodge resided in Ellensburg, Washington, in the Badger Pocket area on a farm with her family and her letters describe her daily life as a farm wife and later as the wife of a potato broker in the Quincy Basin. She also wrote letters to her cousin at her residences in Kittitas and Quincy, Washington, following her time in Ellensburg.

1965 - Mar. 24, Carolyn Brown Dodge

Carolyn Brown Dodge Letters

Carolyn Dodge resided in Ellensburg, Washington, in the Badger Pocket area on a farm with her family and her letters describe her daily life as a farm wife and later as the wife of a potato broker in the Quincy Basin. She also wrote letters to her cousin at her residences in Kittitas and Quincy, Washington, following her time in Ellensburg.

1955 - Jan. 18, Carolyn Brown Dodge

Carolyn Brown Dodge Letters

Carolyn Dodge resided in Ellensburg, Washington, in the Badger Pocket area on a farm with her family and her letters describe her daily life as a farm wife and later as the wife of a potato broker in the Quincy Basin. She also wrote letters to her cousin at her residences in Kittitas and Quincy, Washington, following her time in Ellensburg.

1954 - Mar. 4, Carolyn Brown Dodge

Carolyn Brown Dodge Letters

Carolyn Dodge resided in Ellensburg, Washington, in the Badger Pocket area on a farm with her family and her letters describe her daily life as a farm wife and later as the wife of a potato broker in the Quincy Basin. She also wrote letters to her cousin at her residences in Kittitas and Quincy, Washington, following her time in Ellensburg.

1957 - April 4, Carolyn Brown Dodge

Carolyn Brown Dodge Letters

Carolyn Dodge resided in Ellensburg, Washington, in the Badger Pocket area on a farm with her family and her letters describe her daily life as a farm wife and later as the wife of a potato broker in the Quincy Basin. She also wrote letters to her cousin at her residences in Kittitas and Quincy, Washington, following her time in Ellensburg.

1959 - Feb. 11, Carolyn Brown Dodge

Carolyn Brown Dodge Letters

Carolyn Dodge resided in Ellensburg, Washington, in the Badger Pocket area on a farm with her family and her letters describe her daily life as a farm wife and later as the wife of a potato broker in the Quincy Basin. She also wrote letters to her cousin at her residences in Kittitas and Quincy, Washington, following her time in Ellensburg.

Leveraging The 1,3-Azadiene-Anhydride Reaction For The Synthesis Of Functionalized Piperidines Bearing Up To Five Contiguous Stereocenters, Jorge Garcia, Jane Eichwald, Jayme Zesiger, Timothy K. Beng

Student Published Works

A modular and scalable strategy, which remodels 3-methylglutaric anhydride to 2-oxopiperidines bearing at least three contiguous stereocenters is described. The approach relies on the chemoselective and stereocontrolled annulation of 1,3-azadienes with the anhydride component. The resulting acid-tethered allylic 2-oxopiperidines are then engaged in several selective fragment growth processes, including catalytic denitrative alkenylation, halolactonization, and Vilsmeier–Haack functionalization.

Facial Expressions And Emotion Labels Are Separate Initiators Of Trait Inferences From The Face, Anthony Stahelski, Amber Anderson, Nicholas Browitt, Mary Radeke

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Facial inferencing research began with an inadvertent confound. The initial work by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen identified the six now-classic facial expressions by the emotion labels chosen by most participants: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. These labels have been used by most of the published facial inference research studies over the last 50 years. However, not all participants in these studies labeled the expressions with the same emotions. For example, that some participants labeled scowling faces as disgusted rather than angry was seen in very early research by Silvan Tomkins and Robert McCarty. Given that the same …

Examination Of Athlete Triad Symptoms Among Endurance-Trained Male Athletes: A Field Study, Erin M. Moore, Clemens Drenowatz, David F. Stodden, Kelly Pritchett, Thaddus C. Brodrick, Brittany T. Williams, Justin M. Goins, Toni M. Torres-Mcgehee

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

Background: Studies examining the physiological consequences associated with deficits in energy availability (EA) for male athletes are sparse.

Purpose: To examine male athlete triad components; low energy availability (LEA) with or without an eating disorder risk (ED), reproductive hormone [testosterone (T)], and bone mineral density (BMD) in endurance-trained male athletes during different training periods.

Methods: A cross-sectional design with 14 participants (age: 26.4 ± 4.2 years; weight: 70.6 ± 6.4 kg; height: 179.5 ± 4.3 cm; BMI: 21.9 ± 1.8 kg/m2) were recruited from the local community. Two separate training weeks [low (LV) and high (HV) training volumes] were used …

Examining Eating Attitudes And Behaviors In Collegiate Athletes, The Association Between Orthorexia Nervosa And Eating Disorders, Nancy A. Uriegas, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Kelly Pritchett, Toni M. Torres-Mcgehee

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

Purpose: Orthorexia nervosa (Orthorexia) is an eating attitude and behavior associated with a fixation on healthy eating, while eating disorders (EDs) are clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders associated with marked disturbances in eating that may cause impairment to psychosocial and physical health. The purpose of this study was to examine risk for Orthorexia and EDs in student-athletes across sex and sport type and determine the association between the two.

Methods: Student-athletes (n = 1,090; age: 19.6 ± 1.4 years; females = 756; males = 334) completed a survey including demographics, the ORTO-15 test (values), the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26; >20 …

Exploring Optimal Lockdown Policies During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Cameron Bundy

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

COVID-19 has impacted public and economic health worldwide. To bolster the economy and maintain human life, economic and epidemiological research is vital. Nations have implemented lockdowns intent on slowing the spread of the virus. This research examines how lockdown parameter adjustments can help control a nations fatalities. The study incorporated an SIRD disease model that is simulated over a 200 day period. The goal of the research is to take the SIRD model and use it to create a minimization function that analyzes dynamics that best produce minimal loss of GDP as well as low loss of life in a …

Cwu Faculty Senate Minutes 10/06/21, Janet Shields

Faculty Senate Minutes

These are the official Central Washington University Faculty Senate minutes for the October 6, 2021, regular meeting.

Crimson And Black Fall 2021, Central Washington University

Crimson and Black

Crimson and Black is a free publication from Central Washington University.

Notes From The Stacks, Fall 2021, Friends Of The Brooks Library

Friends of the Brooks Library

No abstract provided.

A Research Project Of Developing A Research Data Management Service (Rds) Program At Cwu: Needs Assessment And Recommendations, Ping Fu

Library Scholarship

The project is to analyze the needs of Central Washington University (CWU) researchers for research data management services (RDS) through an assessment and evaluation process, discuss the possibility of developing an RDS at CWU Libraries. A survey was designed to assess and evaluate CWU researchers’ needs for RDS and to explore the feasibility of launching an RDS program at CWU Libraries. Through analyzing the survey results, this study found that the researchers’ needs in a regional comprehensive university such as CWU could be quite different from those of researchers in a research-intensive university. Thus, with limited budget and resources, a …

Cwu Library Research Data Services Survey Results, Ping Fu, Maurice R. Blackson, Maura Valentino, Elizabeth Brown

Library Scholarship

The survey was designed to understand the needs of Central Washington University (CWU) researchers for research data management services (RDS) and help the CWU Libraries to evaluate the feasibility of developing an RDS program at CWU Libraries. This report presents the results after the survey.

Sink Or Swim? Transitioning Academic Library Outreach In Times Of Covid-19, Lauren Wittek, Maureen Rust

Library Scholarship

This practical article explores the challenges and unexpected benefits discovered when a public regional academic library transitioned its engagement and outreach efforts to a fully online format. The onset of COVID-19 presented a need for a radical change to Central Washington University Libraries’ events and social media communication. While adhering to the core principles of library outreach and engagement, the library has shifted the modality and types of programming offered to meet safety guidelines. Online event assessment, promotion, and engagement will also be discussed.

Fall 2021notes From The Stacks, Central Washington University

Notes from the Stacks: CWU's Library Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Praxis Of Jose Marti: Politico Literary Discourse And Agency For Independence Movement, Yishan Lea

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

This article explores Jose Marti’s political mobilization in general and extrapolates Marti’s praxis specifically. A multifold analysis is conducted as follows: first, the analysis explores the narrative of Jose Marti regarding the development of his consciousness and his role in changing the historical trajectory of Cuba; second, the analysis examines Marti’s political praxis in engaging with the geopolitical semiotic field and mobilizing Cuban cultural communities for the Cuban War of Independence.

Pregnancy And Childbirth Expectations During Covid-19 In A Convenience Sample Of Women In The United States, Tishra Beeson, Amy Claridge, Amie Wojtyna, Debra Rich, Gracie Minks, Adrienne Larson

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the health care landscape and shifted individuals’ expectations for and interactions with essential health services, including pregnancy-related care. This study explores alterations to individuals’ pregnancy and childbirth decisions during an infectious disease pandemic. A convenience sample of 380 pregnant individuals with an expected delivery date between April and December 2020 consented to enroll and complete an online questionnaire on their pregnancy and childbirth expectations during the COVID-19 pandemic; a subset of respondents (n = 18) participated in semi-structured phone interviews. Survey data were analyzed quantitatively while interview data were analyzed using a thematic content …

The Impact Of Math Teachers’ Circles On Teacher Dispositions Toward Inquiry-Based Learning: A Comparison Between A Three-Day And A One-Day Summer Workshop, Angela Antonou, Rita M. Patel, Amanda Harsy

Journal of Math Circles

High-quality professional development for K-12 teachers is a critical need for both teachers and their students. For teachers to provide more engaging and powerful learning opportunities for their students, researchers suggest that we provide similar opportunities for teachers. That is, professional development should model high-impact instructional strategies. Math Teachers' Circles provide one such model for this type of training. In this paper, we discuss the impact on participants of a one-day and participants of a three-day Math Teachers' Circle workshop. In particular, we compare how teacher dispositions regarding the teaching of mathematics and inquiry-based learning changed between the workshops.

Community Roles For Supporting Emerging Education Researchers, Christopher A. F. Hass, Emilie Hancock, Samantha Wilson, Shams El-Adawy, Eleanor C. Sayre

Mathematics Faculty Scholarship

DBER attracts many faculty from other STEM disciplines, and these faculty have little or no specific training in DBER. DBER requires a mastery of quantitative, qualitative, and/or mixed methodologies, and also a nuanced understanding of breadth of topic, research questions, and theoretical frameworks. This interdisciplinarity is particularly challenging for emerging DBER researchers who often switch into DBER with only discipline specific content and research training. As part of a large study about how STEM faculty become involved with DBER, we interviewed a number of emerging DBER faculty about their pathways into DBER. We conducted a thematic analysis of these interviews …

Diatoms Of The Intertidal Environments Of Willapa Bay, Washington, Usa As A Sea-Level Indicator, Isabel Hong, Benjamin P. Horton, Andrea D. Hawkes, Robert J. O.Donnell Iii, Jason S. Padgett, Tina Dura, Simon E. Engelhart

Geological Sciences Faculty Scholarship

An understanding of the modern relationship between diatom species and elevation is a prerequisite for using fossil diatoms to reconstruct relative sea level (RSL). We described modern diatom distributions from seven transects covering unvegetated subtidal environments to forested uplands from four tidal wetland sites (Smith Creek, Bone River, Niawiakum River, and Naselle River) of Willapa Bay, Washington, USA. We compared our diatom dataset (320 species from 104 samples) to a series of environmental variables (elevation, grain-size, total organic carbon (TOC_SOM), and porewater salinity) using hierarchical clustering and ordination. While no single variable consistently explains variations in diatom assemblages …

Using Free And Open Source Software To Teach University Gis Courses Online: Lessons Learned During A Pandemic, Sterling Quinn

Geography Faculty Scholarship

During the remote learning necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, university GIS students did not always have home access to the kinds of software and hardware that they would ordinarily get in their on-campus lab facilities. In this situation, the free and cross-platform nature of FOSS opened the door for some students to continue their GIS education uninterrupted. In this article, I describe how one university allowed students to choose FOSS such as QGIS, PostGIS, and GeoDa as alternatives to proprietary software in upper-division GIS coursework. These were used to teach techniques such as point pattern analysis, visibility analysis, hydrological modeling, …

To The Land Of Unlimited Opportunities: Finkbeiner And Gaiser Stories, Carol Finkbeiner Steinhauer

Works by Local Authors

To the Land of Unlimited Opportunities tell the storiies of the Finkbeiner and Gaiser families from the late 1700's until today.

To the Land of Unlimited Opportunities, ends with the deaths of John and Lydia Finkbeiner. This hardly ends our story. Their seven sons and daughters-in-law gave them thirty-two grandchildren, all but two reached adulthood. Sadly, their only daughter Esther passed away as a young adult in 1926. Five of the seven sons of John and Lydia became ministers of the gospel while two remained on the land and increased the size of the farm over the years. For many …

Third Grade Writing Skills And Project Based Learning, Julie M. Martin

Master of Education Graduate Projects

The project was designed to utilize project based learning to help improve the informational and opinion writing skills of third grade students. A unit was created that used the PBL Works project based learning Essential Design Elements and Teaching Practices along with a modified version of the Lake Washington School District Writing Units. The goal was to combine the proven benefits of project based learning with the required informational and opinion writing skills mandated by the Common Core State Standards. The unit consists of 25 lessons with roughly 30 total hours of combined teacher instruction and student worktime over a …