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Provisioning And Its Effects On The Social Interactions Of Tibetan Macaques (Macaca Thibetana) At Mt. Huangshan, China, Brianna I. Schnepel Jan 2015

Provisioning And Its Effects On The Social Interactions Of Tibetan Macaques (Macaca Thibetana) At Mt. Huangshan, China, Brianna I. Schnepel

All Master's Theses

The dispersal patterns of food resources has a significant effect on the composition of primate groups and social interactions within those groups. Humans often alter the dispersal of food. Non-humans often use affiliative behaviors to elicit tolerance or support from other group members. I investigated whether provisioned food resources alter the social interactions and group dynamics of Macaca thibetana. All-occurrence sampling and scan sampling were used for data recorded by camera traps. Trail-cameras were placed at six locations that contain natural and human food resources and recorded 60-second videos. Social behavior and proximity of the monkeys were recorded. I …

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Using Modflow To Predict Impacts Of Groundwater Pumpage To Instream Flow: Upper Kittitas County, Washington, Zoe O. Futornick Jan 2015

Using Modflow To Predict Impacts Of Groundwater Pumpage To Instream Flow: Upper Kittitas County, Washington, Zoe O. Futornick

All Master's Theses

Surface waters in the Yakima River Basin in central Washington are considered over allocated. Since 1960, new water demands have been met through groundwater withdrawals, with most groundwater users holding a later priority date than senior and junior surface water users. As a result of the discussions surrounding this issue, the Upper Kittitas Groundwater Rule has been in effect since 2010. Pumping from new domestic (i.e., permit-exempt or “exempt”) groundwater wells in Upper Kittitas County is not allowed unless mitigation is used to offset the groundwater use. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has already created a basin-wide model for …

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An Analysis Of The Socioeconomic Impacts Resulting From The Ellsworth Creek Preserve In Pacific County, Washington, Andrea Elizabeth Watson Jan 2015

An Analysis Of The Socioeconomic Impacts Resulting From The Ellsworth Creek Preserve In Pacific County, Washington, Andrea Elizabeth Watson

All Master's Theses

The Ellsworth Creek Preserve is an environmental restoration project owned and operated by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and located in Pacific County, Washington State. This study utilized a multi-method approach, including social science ethnographic research methods and economic modeling, with the aim of understanding how Pacific County has been impacted by the presence of the preserve. As non-governmental organizations such as TNC continue to expand their influence, it is important to understand the potential impacts that these organizations and their actions may have on local communities. The results of this research contribute to understanding the reasons for community support or …

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Effects Of Partner Familiarity On Conversational Style In Signed-Interactions With Chimpanzees, Susan Ann Keenan Jan 2015

Effects Of Partner Familiarity On Conversational Style In Signed-Interactions With Chimpanzees, Susan Ann Keenan

All Master's Theses

Chimpanzees that use signs of American Sign Language (ASL) sign to friends and strangers, both human and nonhuman. Transcripts of signed conversations between four chimpanzees and 43 human interlocutors within a 4 min trial were analyzed for their style including lexical diversity. Twenty-two of the interlocutors were familiar to the chimpanzees, 21 were strangers, and all had basic or more know ledge of ASL. Overall, familiar signers used more vocabulary and had more conversations than unfamiliar signers. The two groups had 53 vocabulary signs in common. Only one chimpanzee, Loulis, participated in enough trials and in both conditions to elicit …

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Wage Distribution Impacts Of Higher Education Faculty Unionization, Charles S. Wassell Jr., David W. Hedrick, Steven E. Henson, John M. Krieg Jan 2015

Wage Distribution Impacts Of Higher Education Faculty Unionization, Charles S. Wassell Jr., David W. Hedrick, Steven E. Henson, John M. Krieg

Economics Faculty Scholarship

The literature on the effects of unions on the distribution of wages at the macroeconomic and inter-industry levels has given little attention to the effects at the firm level. At the same time, research on collective bargaining impacts in higher education has focused on the overall wage level rather than on the distribution of salaries. Using panel data on individual faculty members, we find faculty unionization to be associated with a significant flattening of the wage distribution across academic disciplines. This has implications for why faculty might choose to unionize, even in the absence of an overall wage premium.

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Saffron Cod (Eleginus Gracilis) In North Pacific Archaeology, Megan A. Partlow, Eric Munk Jan 2015

Saffron Cod (Eleginus Gracilis) In North Pacific Archaeology, Megan A. Partlow, Eric Munk

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) is a marine species often found in shallow, brackish water in the Bering Sea, although it can occur as far southeast as Sitka, Alaska. Recently, we identified saffron cod remains in two ca. 500-year-old Afognak Island midden assemblages from the Kodiak Archipelago. We developed regression formulae to relate bone measurements to total length using thirty-five modern saffron cod specimens. The archaeological saffron cod remains appear to be from mature adults, measuring 22–45 cm in total length, and likely caught from shore during spawning. Saffron cod may have been an important winter resource for Alutiiq people living …

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Accelerated Glacier Melt On Snow Dome, Mount Olympus, Washington, Usa, Due To Deposition Of Black Carbon And Mineral Dust From Wildfire, Susan Kaspari, S. Mckenzie Skiles, Ian Delaney, Daniel Dixon Jan 2015

Accelerated Glacier Melt On Snow Dome, Mount Olympus, Washington, Usa, Due To Deposition Of Black Carbon And Mineral Dust From Wildfire, Susan Kaspari, S. Mckenzie Skiles, Ian Delaney, Daniel Dixon

Geological Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Assessing the potential for black carbon (BC) and dust deposition to reduce albedo and accelerate glacier melt is of interest in Washington because snow and glacier melt are an important source of water resources, and glaciers are retreating. In August 2012 on Snow Dome, Mount Olympus, Washington, we measured snow surface spectral albedo and collected surface snow samples and a 7 m ice core. The snow and ice samples were analyzed for iron (Fe, used as a dust proxy) via inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry, total impurity content gravimetrically, BC using a single-particle soot photometer (SP2), and charcoal …

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Moving Foward?: Problematic Ideologies In Twenty-First Century Fairy Tale Films, Alyson Kilmer Jan 2015

Moving Foward?: Problematic Ideologies In Twenty-First Century Fairy Tale Films, Alyson Kilmer

All Master's Theses

Fairy tales, as a reflection of our values and belief systems, are crucial in shaping and maintaining cultural ideologies. In the twenty-first century, cinematic fairy tales have the unique position of representing such values in an expansive and expeditious manner. Audiences must therefore be critically conscious of the messages promoted by these tales. An analysis of the five most popular contemporary fairy tale films, Disney’s Princess and the Frog (2009), Tangled (2010), Universal’s Snow White and the Huntsman (2012), and Disney’s Frozen (2013) and Maleficent (2014), revealed minimal attempts to propitiate critical audiences in regard to changing cultural values, but …

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Spectroscopic Studies On The Interaction Of Cetylpyridinium Bromide Monohydrate And Bromothymol Blue With Polymerized Silica, James Siegenthaler Jan 2015

Spectroscopic Studies On The Interaction Of Cetylpyridinium Bromide Monohydrate And Bromothymol Blue With Polymerized Silica, James Siegenthaler

All Master's Theses

The design and implementation of a controlled macromolecular chemical transport system could greatly advance switchable chemical reactions and be applicable for targeted drug delivery, intelligent inks, and nanotechnology. To better understand the mechanisms of function for a switchable macromolecular transport system, preliminary work has been completed that studies the transport of bromothymol blue (BB) facilitated by cetylpyridinium bromide monohydrate (CPBM) to a silica surface that has been modified with Poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride), a pH switchable polymer. Ultraviolet spectroscopic trials were conducted measuring the absorbance of BB and CPBM at 3 pH levels and 3 different surface reactivity levels of …

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Renewing Spokane: A Study Of Motivating Forces Behind Downtown Revitalization Projects, Kara K. Mowery Jan 2015

Renewing Spokane: A Study Of Motivating Forces Behind Downtown Revitalization Projects, Kara K. Mowery

All Master's Theses

This study examines the motivating forces behind downtown urban renewal projects through qualitative interview research. Using Spokane, Washington, as a case study, interviews were conducted with key players in downtown revitalization, including public administrators, private developers, and non-profit representatives. While neoliberal theory indicates that economic return serves as the primary motivation for investment, interview questions were designed to uncover whether additional motivating factors stimulate renewal work. Results indicate that those conducting renewal projects are primarily motivated by economics, but additionally cite heritage preservation values and community development as significant factors. Moreover, contemporary renewal projects are found to be small-scale endeavors, …

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My Family, My Identity: An Ethnohistorical Exploration Of A Multiethnic Family, Sarah Oosahwee-Voss Jan 2015

My Family, My Identity: An Ethnohistorical Exploration Of A Multiethnic Family, Sarah Oosahwee-Voss

All Master's Theses

This thesis focuses on family identity in a time when multiethnic couples are increasing in population. How will this populace choose to define who they are? The purpose of this thesis is to focus on a multiethnic family, specifically one with different tribal heritages, and explore how their identity was formed over time and maintained through various times in their history. Multiple ethnographic methods were utilized in tandem to collect the information. A framework was then created to determine the main themes found throughout the history and information compiled in order to define the core values within their family identity. …

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Elk And Deer Hunters In Washington State: Affiliations And Ethical Behavior, Isa O. Harrison Jan 2015

Elk And Deer Hunters In Washington State: Affiliations And Ethical Behavior, Isa O. Harrison

All Master's Theses

Elk and deer are particularly challenging natural resources to manage due to their mobility and the impacts of other species and humans both direct and indirect. A man-made lack of natural predators has created a need for hunting in order to control the population expansions of herds. Such efforts face two major problems: mobility makes herds difficult to accurately quantify and hunting laws are challenging to enforce. Policies regarding the annual take and type of hunting have been based on the assumption that the primary factor motivating hunters is harvesting more animals. However, this study has found that the primary …

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Peer Tutoring To Teach Children To Seek Help When Lost, Andrew J. Arellano Jan 2015

Peer Tutoring To Teach Children To Seek Help When Lost, Andrew J. Arellano

All Master's Theses

There are many programs that are designed to teach children safety skills. Skills such as gun safety, first aid, and abduction prevention have all been taught using a method called Behavioral Skills Training (BST). However, BST only teaches a few children at a time and is often taught by an expert. This study aimed to test whether young children (5 year olds) can learn from older peer trainers (11 & 12 year olds) who have been taught to use BST. The safety skill targeted for the current study was the behavior of seeking help when lost in a store because …

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Understanding Vulnerability In Alaska Fishing Communities: A Validation Methodology For Rapid Assessment Of Well-Being Indices, Conor M. Maguire Jan 2015

Understanding Vulnerability In Alaska Fishing Communities: A Validation Methodology For Rapid Assessment Of Well-Being Indices, Conor M. Maguire

All Master's Theses

Social well-being indices measure how fishing communities are likely to be affected by social-ecological perturbations, and are a significant tool to identify the primary issues influencing communities’ sustained participation in fishing activities. In an attempt to further our understanding of how communities are affected by such perturbations, we have developed a rapid assessment methodology to test the external validity of a set of well-being indices that measure community vulnerability. This methodology informs how well such indices reflect the communities they represent by measuring elements of well-being through field observations, and comparing them to corresponding index components created from secondary data …

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Applying Wetland Rating Systems To Assess Functions Of Depressional Wetlands Created By A Mass Wasting Feature, Table Mountain, Washington, Thomas S. Wachholder Jan 2015

Applying Wetland Rating Systems To Assess Functions Of Depressional Wetlands Created By A Mass Wasting Feature, Table Mountain, Washington, Thomas S. Wachholder

All Master's Theses

The formation of wetlands in the Swauk Watershed has been primarily controlled by mass wasting events, which includes landslide activity. Landslide activity has been the primary influential process in shaping the landscape where wetland systems have formed on the surface of landslide deposits. The wetland sites used in this study, near the base of Table Mountain, were chosen because they inhabit the same ancient landslide, have the same underlying geology, and vary in aspect and elevation. The elevational gradient of the sites ranges from 1300 – 1600 m and the individual wetlands differ in terms of north- and south-facing aspects. …

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Efficacy Of Ultraviolet Radiation To Control Lactic Acid Bacteria In Wine Must, Brian D. Williams Jan 2015

Efficacy Of Ultraviolet Radiation To Control Lactic Acid Bacteria In Wine Must, Brian D. Williams

All Master's Theses

The use of shortwave ultraviolet (UVc) radiation to control lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in wine production was studied. A simulated wine sterilizer was built using a commercially sourced ultraviolet (UV) sterilizer commonly used in aquariums and ponds. After growing cultures in test tubes, samples of five different species of LAB were introduced into white grape juice adjusted for brix and pH to match that of wine must commonly found in the Yakima Valley American Viticultural Area. The mixture was then agitated and allowed time to evenly distribute the bacteria throughout the juice. The juice was sent through the …

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A Zooarchaeological Analysis Of The Monashka Bay Site (Kod-026) Kodiak Island, Alaska, Ayla Aymond Jan 2015

A Zooarchaeological Analysis Of The Monashka Bay Site (Kod-026) Kodiak Island, Alaska, Ayla Aymond

All Master's Theses

This thesis involved the initial analysis of fauna recovered in 1989 by Christopher Donta at the Monashka Bay site on Kodiak Island. Analysis included all vertebrate remains (n = 36,273) larger than 1/8” from bulk samples collected in Area 3, a midden dating AD 1550-1670 during the site’s Koniag occupation. Results indicated a focus on cod (68% of fish identified to order), with modest amounts of sculpin, and small amounts of flatfish, salmon, herring, bird, and sea mammal. The predominance of cod is likewise seen at other Koniag-era sites in the vicinity, though the lack of salmon, which composed 2% …

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Exercise Motivations Of Older Adults, Laura J. Attaway Jan 2015

Exercise Motivations Of Older Adults, Laura J. Attaway

All Master's Theses

This study examined and compared activity levels and motives in 103 older (over 50 years of age) competitive athletes (CA) and non-competitive fitness exercisers (NCF). The findings indicate that the CA group was significantly higher in the motives of enjoyment, competition, and social recognition. Ranking of the strength of the motivation factors for each group indicated that enjoyment was the strongest motivating factor for both groups, health ranked high for both groups, and social recognition ranked lowest in both groups. Findings related to rankings were not tested for significance, so are more tentative.

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Chemical And Behavioral Ecology Of The Coastal Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon Tenebrosus), David Reavill Jan 2015

Chemical And Behavioral Ecology Of The Coastal Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon Tenebrosus), David Reavill

All Master's Theses

Intraspecific interactions are an important factor in shaping the population structure of terrestrial salamanders. Both physical interactions and scent-marking are vital components to the establishment of territories and influence dispersion of individuals. However, little is known about the terrestrial interactions of many salamander species, particularly that of the Coastal Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus). In this study, I observed the first evidence for the use chemical cues by terrestrial D. tenerosus in regards to shelter selection. I also observed the first accounts of agonistic and display behavior of terrestrial D. tenebrosus. These results suggest that terrestrial D. tenebrosus …

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An Evaluation Of Behavioral Skills Training To Teach Assertiveness Skills To College Students, Savannah Warrington Jan 2015

An Evaluation Of Behavioral Skills Training To Teach Assertiveness Skills To College Students, Savannah Warrington

All Master's Theses

Assertiveness skills are related to a variety of life factors including stress levels, social relationships, social fears, and anxiety. The previous research has shown that engaging in nonassertive behavior can have negative effects, and assertive behaviors can lead to a healthier life (Eldeeb, Enstar, & Eldosoky, 2014; Elliot & Gramling, 1990; Larijani, Aghajanie, Baheiraei, & Neiestanank, 2010; Morgan, 1974). The purpose of the current research was to determine if behavioral skills training (BST) was effective in teaching assertiveness skills to college students and if the skills would generalize to novel situations. BST is a method for teaching skills that uses …

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Anarchist Strategy And Visual Rhetoric In Brazil, 1970: The Living Theatre As “The People In The Street”, Chelsea R. Roberts Jan 2015

Anarchist Strategy And Visual Rhetoric In Brazil, 1970: The Living Theatre As “The People In The Street”, Chelsea R. Roberts

All Master's Theses

The dominant narrative of the Living Theatre, an anarchist-pacifist, activist performance group, situates the company within a historical framework of the "New Left". Implications of this strategy are identified and critiqued. Both due to the simplification of historical time periods between the fields of theatre and politics, or "periodization" (Postlewait), and because of the ways in which the "New Left" is identified as overtly American in much theatre scholarship, historicizing the Living Theatre as "in-line" with the New Left has resulted in the erasure of the Living Theatre's founding philosophies of anarchism and pacifism. The visual implications of these findings …

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Keeping It Current: Avenues For Staff Development, Elizabeth Brown Jan 2015

Keeping It Current: Avenues For Staff Development, Elizabeth Brown

Library Scholarship

This article explores and identifies avenues for library staff development. It discusses methods for assessment of staff needs, the creation of a plan for professional development opportunities, and methods of evaluating effectiveness through case-based scenarios at Central Washington University.

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Deember 5, 2014- Board Of Trustees Meeting Minutes, Regular And Special Meetings, Central Washington University Central Washington University Dec 2014

Deember 5, 2014- Board Of Trustees Meeting Minutes, Regular And Special Meetings, Central Washington University Central Washington University

Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes

Meeting minutes for the Regular Meeting of the Board of Trustees at Central Washington University, December 5, 2014.

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The Observer, Central Washington University Dec 2014

The Observer, Central Washington University

Student Newspaper

Student newspaper for Central Washington University for December 4, 2014-January 14, 2015. Vol. 98, No. 9.

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The Observer, Central Washington University Nov 2014

The Observer, Central Washington University

Student Newspaper

Student newspaper for Central Washington University for November 20-December 3, 2014. Vol. 98, No. 8.

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The Observer, Central Washington University Nov 2014

The Observer, Central Washington University

Student Newspaper

Student newspaper for Central Washington University for November 13-19, 2014. Vol. 98, No. 7.

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The Observer, Central Washington University Nov 2014

The Observer, Central Washington University

Student Newspaper

Student newspaper for Central Washington University for November 6-12, 2014. Vol. 98, No. 6.

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Implementing Technological Change: Effects On Student Learning Through Implementation Of A Learning Management System For Enhanced Two-Way Communication Between School, Students And Parents, Courtney Lynn Curtis Nov 2014

Implementing Technological Change: Effects On Student Learning Through Implementation Of A Learning Management System For Enhanced Two-Way Communication Between School, Students And Parents, Courtney Lynn Curtis

All Graduate Projects

The purpose of this project was to determine whether or not a blended learning environment that focuses mainly on incorporating core-subject standards into a current 7th grade Fundamentals of Information Technology (FIT) course can help to increase 7th grade student core-subject, academic performance. If such performance is distinguishable, the curriculum materials used to develop this project may then be used for curriculum development within the Bethel School District, 7th grade FIT program. The product or end result of this project is an online curriculum guide titled: "Fundamentals of Information Technology Project: An Online Curriculum Guide for Bethel School District Middle …

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The Effects Of A Modified Direct Instruction Flashcard System On A 14 Year-Old-Student With Learning Behavioral Issues Enrolled In A Behavior Intervention Classroom, Caitlin Lebrun, Skylar Jones, Jennifer Neyman, Thomas F. Mclaughlin Oct 2014

The Effects Of A Modified Direct Instruction Flashcard System On A 14 Year-Old-Student With Learning Behavioral Issues Enrolled In A Behavior Intervention Classroom, Caitlin Lebrun, Skylar Jones, Jennifer Neyman, Thomas F. Mclaughlin

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Direct Instruction (DI) flashcard system on the mastery of the multiplication facts by a 14-year-old boy with learning and behavioral issues. The participant attended a low-income high school located in a large urban area in the Pacific Northwest. A changing criterion design was employed to evaluate the efficacy of DI flashcards. When DI flashcards were employed, the performance increased and the participant met or was close to criterion for each criterion ceiling. The DI flashcard procedure was easy to implement and evaluate, and the current paper includes suggestions …

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The Observer, Central Washington University Oct 2014

The Observer, Central Washington University

Student Newspaper

Student newspaper for Central Washington University for October 30-November 5, 2014. Vol. 98, No. 5.

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