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An Ecological Survey Of The Crawford Woods, Clark County, Indiana, Jack B. Secor
An Ecological Survey Of The Crawford Woods, Clark County, Indiana, Jack B. Secor
Butler University Botanical Studies
Numerous surveys of forested areas throughout Indiana have yielded a wealth of ecological knowledge, especially in regard to factors controlling and regulating the invasion and ecesis of deciduous tree species making up these forest formations. Perhaps no other area in the state has undergone a more intense study by ecologists than the Illinoian Drift Plain region, located in the southern part.
Growth Correlations In Five Species Of Deciduous Trees, Charles W. Reimer
Growth Correlations In Five Species Of Deciduous Trees, Charles W. Reimer
Butler University Botanical Studies
Since the beginning of the present century much work has been done in America on tree growth, the greatest part of this being centered around growth exhibited by coniferous species. The literature is less extensive on growth studies of deciduous trees. MacDougal's work on radial growth with the dendrometer and dendrograph is too extensive for review in a paper of this type. Glock has given excellent review of results from study of annular rings. Dendrometer studies on deciduous trees in the midwest have been carried out by Beilmann, Friesner, and Lodewick. Recently Daubenmire and Peters using a new type of …
A Study In Soil Moisture, Acidity And Evaporation In An Upland Woods At Turkey Run State Park, Mary Fritsche Cundiff
A Study In Soil Moisture, Acidity And Evaporation In An Upland Woods At Turkey Run State Park, Mary Fritsche Cundiff
Butler University Botanical Studies
Structure and development of vegetation has reflected the biological value of the habitat, for vegetation responds to changes in habitat readily; and habitat, in turn, is determined, in its gross characteristics, by climate. However, a uniform climate does not exist even in a small geographical area because the area is modified by peculiar features of soil and physiography. The variety of habitats, e.g., in dissected land surfaces, is in direct proportion to these modifications of the macroclimate. Such features, while perhaps not affecting the arboreal cover, will determine different accents of the secondary and herbaceous layers as pointed out by …
Major Aspects Of Pauline Eschatology, Martin G. Bohn
Major Aspects Of Pauline Eschatology, Martin G. Bohn
Graduate Thesis Collection
It is our purpose in this dissertation to discuss some of the major phases of St. Paul's teaching concerning the consummation of the ages of history. So far as we can understand his thinking on the subject, he held to the Biblical presentation of history as constituting basically two ages: the present age and the age to come.
Forests Of The Past Along The Coast Of Southern Maine, John E. Potzger, Ray C. Friesner
Forests Of The Past Along The Coast Of Southern Maine, John E. Potzger, Ray C. Friesner
Butler University Botanical Studies
Pollen analysis in North America is gradually adding more and more significant facts on the history of our forests in glaciated North America, showing likenesses and differences in succession in the various geographical locations; throwing into bold relief definite patterns of forest development for a given region or for several regions. Forest types also suggest climatic changes and fluctuations which made such forest types possible. Up to the present our eastern coastal areas received less attention from the pollen analyst than the interior central states. The analysis of peat from New Jersey by Potzger and Otto (7) and the studies …
An Ecological Study Of The Klein Woods, Jennings County, Indiana, Carl O. Keller
An Ecological Study Of The Klein Woods, Jennings County, Indiana, Carl O. Keller
Butler University Botanical Studies
The primeval forest of Indiana was without doubt representative of some of the most magnificent sections of the great eastern deciduous region. In a previous paper (9) we described briefly the fate of our hardwoods, and pointed out that only small tracts of comparatively undisturbed stands remain for observation. Since reports on the early forests are rather vague, and based on superficial observation rather than on quantitative data, it is somewhat difficult to gain from them a true picture of the phytosociology of these forests prior to time of settlement. Qualitative and quantitative studies of the remaining small stands referred …
A Study Of The Distribution Of The Grasses Of Indiana, Howard L. Cook
A Study Of The Distribution Of The Grasses Of Indiana, Howard L. Cook
Butler University Botanical Studies
Deam (1) has shown that the flora of Indiana comprises nearly 2,000 species of which approximately 40% of the native forms are on the limits of their range in Indiana. Friesner (8) has shown that Indiana is a critical botanical area, having approximately 45% of its present-day species on the limits of their range within the state. For the purposes of this paper, such plants are considered to be extraneous species. Apparently, this critical nature of Indiana plant distribution applies to all of the higher types of vegetation: ferns, trees, shrubs, grasses and other herbaceous forms. Lindsey (10) has shown …
Index V. 8, 1946-1948, Ray C. Friesner
Index V. 8, 1946-1948, Ray C. Friesner
Butler University Botanical Studies
Index of articles conatined in this journal.
The Stem Smuts Of Stipa And Oryzopsis In North America, George W. Fischer
The Stem Smuts Of Stipa And Oryzopsis In North America, George W. Fischer
Butler University Botanical Studies
Over much of that great natural resource called the "Western Range," comprising some 728 million acres (1), species of Stipa and Orysopsis are prominent and important members of the grass cover. These are commonly found affected with stem smut; often as much as 15-20 per cent of the plants are affected, and occasionally as 90 per cent infection is encountered. In view of these grasses as components of the western range, and the general interest manifest in the nature of the stem smuts so common on them, it seemed desirable to make a study of the identity of these smuts.
Plant Succession At Long Pond, Long Island, New York, Dorothy Parker
Plant Succession At Long Pond, Long Island, New York, Dorothy Parker
Butler University Botanical Studies
Kettle hole lakes of glacial origin are of frequent occurrence on the north side of Long Island, New York. These lakes very in size and depth. Long Pond is a kettle hole lake located about eight miles south of Wading River on Long Island. it is an irregularly shaped lake approximately one-half mile wide and one-half mile long at the present time (See fig. 1 for the shape of the lake and the location of the areas which were studied statistically.) There are several small ponds that are cut off now or are in the process of being cut off …
An Ecological Study Of The Floodplain Forest Along The White River System In Indiana, Mordie B. Lee
An Ecological Study Of The Floodplain Forest Along The White River System In Indiana, Mordie B. Lee
Butler University Botanical Studies
As pointed out by Potzger and Friesner (9), Conard (3) and Cain (1), a mere empirical description of a forest means little as a definite presentation of conditions operating, and becomes nil in comparative studies. Most of the work on forest ecology in the United States has considered upland climax communities, and very little attention has been given the great transitional forests of the floodplains, and to the writer's knowledge only Oosting (8) has given specific quantitative data on the sociology of the species constituting the crown cover of the floodplain forests.
The present study of 20 stands was made …
The Pine Barrens Of New Jersey: A Refugium During Pleistocene Times, John E. Potzger
The Pine Barrens Of New Jersey: A Refugium During Pleistocene Times, John E. Potzger
Butler University Botanical Studies
In 1943 Potsger and Otto (13) published the first paper on the pollen analyses of New Jersey peat which involved a series of five bogs from northern and northwestern New Jersey. These bogs represented a rather large geographical area, but their message was unusually uniform. One might, therefore, be justified to assume that the study gave a rather trustworthy history of the vegetation of the glaciated part of the state. From a forest constituted almost entirely of Abies, Picea, and Pinus, succession carried dominance to a pronounced Pinus period. This genus contributed as much as 80% of the pollens at …
The Plant Associations Of The Carson Desert Region, Western Nevada, W. Dwight Billings
The Plant Associations Of The Carson Desert Region, Western Nevada, W. Dwight Billings
Butler University Botanical Studies
Except for scattered references of a generalized nature, little is recorded concerning the structure of vegetation in the arid and semi-arid portions of the western Great Basin. The delineation of the associations' of a part of this area and their particular environments is the prime function of this paper.
A Quarter Century Of Botany At Butler University, John E. Potzger
A Quarter Century Of Botany At Butler University, John E. Potzger
Butler University Botanical Studies
Kingdoms, inventions, masterpieces in literature, art, music, and architecture are born out of dreams. They may seem flimsy and elusive but they show the things which are closest to the heart far down the lapse of time. For, building along the lines of dreams makes realities.
The Butler Botany Department was once upon a time just such an elusive, tantalizingly uncertain dream of a young Ph. D., a dream which occupied his mind when the ink had barely dried on the signatures to his diploma which the University of Michigan had presented to him as tangible evidence of years of …
Interrelationship Of Nitrogen And Photo-Period On The Flowering, Growth, And Stem Anatomy Of Certain Long Day And Short Day Plants, Alice Phillips Withrow
Interrelationship Of Nitrogen And Photo-Period On The Flowering, Growth, And Stem Anatomy Of Certain Long Day And Short Day Plants, Alice Phillips Withrow
Butler University Botanical Studies
The relation of nitrogen to the flowering and fruitfulness of plants has been subject of extended investigation by many workers. That nitrogen nutrition is intimately related to flower and fruit formation is generally agreed upon, but the various experiments show that apparently the type of responses obtained are not entirely consistent.
A Pollen Study Of Thirty-Two Species Of Grasses, Florence Geisler
A Pollen Study Of Thirty-Two Species Of Grasses, Florence Geisler
Butler University Botanical Studies
The study of fossil pollens from bogs and lake sediments shows that sometimes the percentage of grasses runs quite high. The presence of large amounts of grass pollens has usually been interpreted, often without justification, as proof of prairie invasion. It is certainly necessary to determine the genera of grasses which contributed the pollen before such a conclusion can be made. Keller (5) attempted this in his work on three Indiana bogs. Careful examination and measurements of the grass pollens found and comparison with size frequency of pollens from modern grasses forced him to the conclusion that the predominating pollen …
A Quadrat Study Of Meltzer Woods, Shelby County, Indiana, Carl O. Keller
A Quadrat Study Of Meltzer Woods, Shelby County, Indiana, Carl O. Keller
Butler University Botanical Studies
As one travels eastward on return from a trip through the prairie states, perhaps the most characteristic feature of the landscape which starts him humming the strains of, "Back Home Again in Indiana," are the beautiful woodlands along the highways of our state. These woodlands are remnants of the great Eastern deciduous forest upon which the pioneers gazed with amazement as they penetrated the interior of our continent. The botanist and Nature lover of the present day ofttimes wish they could have had the thrill of looking at the stately array of massive-trunked, majestic giants in that forest primeval. There …
The Characeae Of Indiana - A Preliminary Report, Fay Kenoyer Daily
The Characeae Of Indiana - A Preliminary Report, Fay Kenoyer Daily
Butler University Botanical Studies
It has been demonstrated by others that the study of algae of Indiana in general has been neglected. In 1929 in an introduction to a classified check list of the algae of Indiana, Dr. C. M. Palmer (5) remarked, "Few papers have been published giving the names of the algae of Indiana." Also in 1932 after giving a phycological history of Indiana, Dr. B. H. Smith (7) observed, "This review of literature shows very clearly the meager amount of work which has been done on the algae in the state since the beginning fifty-five years ago." These statements are especially …
A Preliminary Study Of Lemanea In Western North America, C. Mervin Palmer
A Preliminary Study Of Lemanea In Western North America, C. Mervin Palmer
Butler University Botanical Studies
Lemanea from both Europe and America is being studied to determine whether the representatives from the two continents are distinct, and whether there are undescribed species to be recognized particularly for American forms. The two subgenera, Eulemanea and Sacheria, are round on both continents (4). Occasionally plants of both the subgenera have been collected growing close together in the same stream (5, 6), but there are no indications that hybridization takes place. Several hundred specimens of Lemanea have been studied by the writer and in no case have any plants been discovered which could be considered as intermediate between Eulemanea …
Additions To The Filamentous Myxophyceae Of Indiana, Kentucky And Ohio, William A. Daily
Additions To The Filamentous Myxophyceae Of Indiana, Kentucky And Ohio, William A. Daily
Butler University Botanical Studies
During the past several years, numerous specimens of the Myxophyceae from Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio have accumulated in the herbaria cited below. Some of these species presumably have not previously been reported for this region and are now placed on record.
It is known that many collections of algea, the bases for previous reports, have been lost or are inaccessible. It is the desire of the writer and of other students of the herbarium that all published works on the algae be based only upon permanently preserved specimens.
Survival Of Hemlock Seedlings In A Relict Colony Under Forest Conditions, Ray C. Friesner, J. E. Potzger
Survival Of Hemlock Seedlings In A Relict Colony Under Forest Conditions, Ray C. Friesner, J. E. Potzger
Butler University Botanical Studies
It would thus appear that in areas where hemlock is a component of the climax, and not merely a relict, reproduction is dependent primarily upon a combination of three factors, viz. a good seed year followed by a good germinating year and these in turn followed by several years of favorable moisture conditions.
The Vegetation Of Round Island (Straits Of Mackinac), Michigan, J. E. Potzger
The Vegetation Of Round Island (Straits Of Mackinac), Michigan, J. E. Potzger
Butler University Botanical Studies
The vegetation of Round Island was studied briefly during the summers of 1935 and 1936 while an extensive survey was in progress on Mackinac Island.
Pollen Frequency Of Abies And Picea In Peat: A Correction On Some Published Records From Indiana Bogs And Lakes, J. E. Potzger
Pollen Frequency Of Abies And Picea In Peat: A Correction On Some Published Records From Indiana Bogs And Lakes, J. E. Potzger
Butler University Botanical Studies
An error was introduced in a number of reports on pollen profiles from Indiana bogs and lakes because Picea and Abies were separated on basis of size as presented in a key by Sears, which included only Picea mariana but not Picea glauca.
Notes On Distribution And Bio-Ecology Of Characeae, Walter Kiener
Notes On Distribution And Bio-Ecology Of Characeae, Walter Kiener
Butler University Botanical Studies
The species of the family Characeae have for many years been generally neglected by botanists leaving identification a difficult matter due to the absence of usable and practical keys and descriptions.
Characeae Of Nebraska, Fay K. Daily
Characeae Of Nebraska, Fay K. Daily
Butler University Botanical Studies
The object of this resulting paper is to review the Characeae already published for the state and to report additional collections.
Correlation Of Microclimatic Factors With Species Distribution In Shenk's Woods, Howard County, Indiana, Ray C. Friesner, Charles M. Ek
Correlation Of Microclimatic Factors With Species Distribution In Shenk's Woods, Howard County, Indiana, Ray C. Friesner, Charles M. Ek
Butler University Botanical Studies
In furtherance of the plan of the Botany Department of Butler University to place on record as rapidly as possible analysis of as many of the remnants of the forest primeval as can be studied before the woodsman's saw and axe make it too late...
A Study Of The Effect Of Plant Operations Upon The Bacterial Count Of Milk, Albin N. Smolelis
A Study Of The Effect Of Plant Operations Upon The Bacterial Count Of Milk, Albin N. Smolelis
Butler University Botanical Studies
This study was carried out to determine how the bacterial count of milk is affected by the various operations in a milk plant. Samples were taken at various points throughout the plant during the processing of the milk. The results obtained serve to show where the milk is affected during the various plant operations.
Correlation Of Elongation In Primary Secondary And Tertiary Axes Of Pinus Strobus And P. Resinosa, Ray C. Friesner
Correlation Of Elongation In Primary Secondary And Tertiary Axes Of Pinus Strobus And P. Resinosa, Ray C. Friesner
Butler University Botanical Studies
Studies dealing with elongation in various species of conifers have been published by a number of investigators but, so far as is known to the writer, only one of these has considered the question of correlation of elongation between primary, secondary and tertiary axes.
Pollen Study Of Five Bogs In Price And Sawyer Counties, Wisconsin, I. E. Potzger
Pollen Study Of Five Bogs In Price And Sawyer Counties, Wisconsin, I. E. Potzger
Butler University Botanical Studies
The problem was to trace vegetational succession in Wisconsin along a given latitude, and specifically to discover whether Quercus became more important in the forest associations towards the western part of Wisconsin than it was in Vilas county and. in adjacent Gogebic county, Michigan.
First Reports For The Algae Borzia, Aulosira And Asterocytis In Indiana, William A. Daily
First Reports For The Algae Borzia, Aulosira And Asterocytis In Indiana, William A. Daily
Butler University Botanical Studies
This Myxophycean, a member of the Oscillatotiaceae, has not been reported previously for the Western Hemisphere .