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Examining Limbic Sexual Dimorphisms In Schizophrenia, Kennedy S. Madrid Jun 2022

Examining Limbic Sexual Dimorphisms In Schizophrenia, Kennedy S. Madrid

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects a significant number of individuals in the United States and can have numerous different symptoms. Recently, interest in the differences between the neuroanatomy of individuals with schizophrenia and individuals without schizophrenia has emerged, specifically the sexual dimorphism in individuals with schizophrenia. This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the sexual dimorphisms of two structures in the limbic system: the hippocampus and amygdala. Data was harmonized and analyzed from two datasets to determine the sexual dimorphic factor of these structures in healthy controls and individuals with schizophrenia. Demographic features were also taken …

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Peer Counseling As A Possible Solution: Students Helping Students Move Toward Mental Health, Katherine Leonard Jun 2022

Peer Counseling As A Possible Solution: Students Helping Students Move Toward Mental Health, Katherine Leonard

Undergraduate Honors Theses

College students experience a variety of stressors that make school difficult (Zhai & Du 2020). While BYU has many good resources for students, students sometimes face difficulties in finding help when they are struggling with mental and emotional difficulties, due to the system being overburdened. The researchers explored peer counseling as a possible solution to getting students the help they need. The researchers administered a questionnaire to a sample of 254 BYU students through an online survey. The questionnaire was adapted from a measure used in a previous study also conducted at BYU (Gibbons et al., 2019). The survey included …

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The Dna Methylation Landscape Of Five Pediatric-Tumor Types, Alyssa C. Parker, Badí I. Quinteros, Stephen Piccolo Jun 2022

The Dna Methylation Landscape Of Five Pediatric-Tumor Types, Alyssa C. Parker, Badí I. Quinteros, Stephen Piccolo

Faculty Publications

Fewer DNA mutations have been identified in pediatric tumors than in adult tumors, suggesting that alternative tumorigenic mechanisms, including aberrant DNA methylation, may play a prominent role. In one epigenetic process of regulating gene expression, methyl groups are attached at the 5-carbon of the cytosine ring, leading to 5-methylcytosine (5mC). In somatic cells, 5mC occurs mostly in CpG islands, which are often within promoter regions. In Wilms tumors and acute myeloid leukemias, increased levels of epigenetic silencing have been associated with worse patient outcomes. However, to date, researchers have studied methylation primarily in adult tumors and for specific genes—but not …

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Controlled Pre-Wetting Of Spread Powder And Its Effects On Part Formation And Printing Parameters In Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing, Colton G. Inkley Jun 2022

Controlled Pre-Wetting Of Spread Powder And Its Effects On Part Formation And Printing Parameters In Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing, Colton G. Inkley

Theses and Dissertations

Binder jetting is an additive manufacturing process that layer by layer builds a 3D model by selectively binding regions of powder using binder deposited though an inkjet printhead. The process offers several advantages over other additive manufacturing processes including fast build rates, vast material selection, decreased cost, and part resolution. The main disadvantage of binder jetting is poor mechanical properties, stemming from a poor understanding of the process physics. Porosity in final parts is not uncommon, but there is little understanding of where the porosity originates. The purpose of this thesis is to report the investigation of increased powder bed …

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The Effect Of Family Language Policy On The Bilingual Accent Acquisition Of Spanish Heritage Speakers In The United States, Breeahna D. H. Harvey Jun 2022

The Effect Of Family Language Policy On The Bilingual Accent Acquisition Of Spanish Heritage Speakers In The United States, Breeahna D. H. Harvey

Theses and Dissertations

“Family language policy” (FLP) is the accepted term for the field of study of the explicit planning and practices concerning language within a family unit in a home. Previous research has shown that FLP aids in the bilingual acquisition of a child (DeCapua & Wintergerst 2009; Kayam & Hirsch 2014; King, Fogle, & Logan‐Terry 2008; Li 1999; Oh; Schwartz 2008). However, there has been little research providing answers to whether FLP has a direct influence on language maintenance in adulthood, especially whether they acquire and maintain a native or native-like accent in both languages. The purpose of this study is …

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Isothermal Inactivation Studies Of Listeria Monocytogenes, Salmonella, And Enterococcus Faecium Nrrl B-2354 In Almond, Peanut, And Sunflower Butters, Ruo Fen Liao Jun 2022

Isothermal Inactivation Studies Of Listeria Monocytogenes, Salmonella, And Enterococcus Faecium Nrrl B-2354 In Almond, Peanut, And Sunflower Butters, Ruo Fen Liao

Theses and Dissertations

Vegetative, non-sporeforming foodborne pathogens show notable survival and uncanny thermotolerance in low water activity (aw) foods. Controlled studies on Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 (a Salmonella surrogate) in a variety of food matrices support thermal process validation studies required to achieve global food safety objectives. In this study, we determined and compared thermal inactivation rates using independent six-strain cocktails of pathogens in three plant-based butters. Direct determinations of decimal reduction times (D-values) for L. monocytogenes, Salmonella, and E. faecium, in corresponding butters were inoculated using peanut oil, almond oil, or sunflower oil. Thermal Death Time (TDT) …

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Divine Intervention? The Association Between Spirituality And Eating Disorder Recovery, Haley Graver Jun 2022

Divine Intervention? The Association Between Spirituality And Eating Disorder Recovery, Haley Graver

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The extant literature on the association between religiosity/spirituality and eating disorder symptomatology presents mixed findings. Some evidence suggests that spirituality is a protective factor and aids in eating disorder recovery, while other findings indicate that it is hurtful. Yet, many eating disorder treatment facilities have begun addressing spirituality as part of treatment. The current study investigates the role of spirituality in eating disorder recovery by tracking the association between changes in spiritual distress and reduction in eating disorder symptomatology in 234 patients over the course of five weeks. The results suggest that those who decrease or maintain their spiritual distress …

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Autoignition Temperatures Of Pure Compounds: Data Evaluation, Experimental Determination, And Improved Prediction, Mark Edward Redd Jun 2022

Autoignition Temperatures Of Pure Compounds: Data Evaluation, Experimental Determination, And Improved Prediction, Mark Edward Redd

Theses and Dissertations

The Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) maintains the DIPPR 801 database for the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Autoignition temperature (AIT) is one of the properties included in the database and is the focus of this work including improvement of the overall state of AIT in the database. Phenomena related to AIT as well as the relevant literature are reviewed. Likewise, the database is presented to respond to significant misuse of the DIPPR 801 database in the literature. The database is evaluated, respecting AIT, as a whole to show where improvement is needed. An experimental study of minimum autoignition …

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Finding Patterns In The Inertia Of The Distance Squared Matrix Of Unicyclic Graphs, Kellon Sandall, Mark Kempton, Christian Howell Jun 2022

Finding Patterns In The Inertia Of The Distance Squared Matrix Of Unicyclic Graphs, Kellon Sandall, Mark Kempton, Christian Howell

Undergraduate Honors Theses

We analyze the spectrum of the distance squared matrix of a tree and give a relation between the inertia of the distance squared matrix and the structure of the tree. We take the result one step further and consider the addition of exactly one cycle in the tree. We obtain an expression for the inertia of the distance squared matrix of a cycle graph. We obtain a bound on the inertia of the distance squared matrix of an arbitrary unicyclic graph.

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Synthesis Of Yaku’Amide A Analogues And Impact Of Dehydroamino Acids On The Structure And Stability Of Incipient 310 Helical Peptides, Daniel Joaquin Jun 2022

Synthesis Of Yaku’Amide A Analogues And Impact Of Dehydroamino Acids On The Structure And Stability Of Incipient 310 Helical Peptides, Daniel Joaquin

Theses and Dissertations

The first project in this dissertation describes the total synthesis of yaku’amide A analogues. Natural product yaku’amide A possesses potent anticancer activity and exhibits a novel mode of action. However, due to its complex asymmetrical isoleucine dehydroamino acids, the synthesis of this polypeptide poses a unique challenge. Despite the efficient synthesis developed in our lab, the total synthesis of this natural product remains lengthy. In order to simplify the overall synthesis, symmetrical dehydroamino acids were incorporated to replace the dehydroisoleucine residues yielding two analogues of yaku’amide A that closely resembles the conformation of the natural product. Biological testing of the …

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Demonstration Of A Transient Hot Wire Measurement System Towards A Carbide-Based Sensor For Measuring The Thermal Conductivity Of Molten Salts, Peter Charles Kasper Jun 2022

Demonstration Of A Transient Hot Wire Measurement System Towards A Carbide-Based Sensor For Measuring The Thermal Conductivity Of Molten Salts, Peter Charles Kasper

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis documents research done for a transient hot wire system that will be used in future thermal conductivity measurements of molten salts. Research done with molten salts have been limited because of erroneous measurement capabilities, but the current research strives to introduce a new technique to accurately record thermal conductivity over a wide range of temperatures. This work follows up on past transient hot wire researchers whose designs and tests produced an instrument that can measure the thermal conductivity of molten metals up to 750 K. The transient hot wire (THW) technique has been selected to be used in …

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Gas Phase Techniques For The Study Of Biomolecular And Supramolecular Structures And Chemistry, Andrew J. Arslanian Jun 2022

Gas Phase Techniques For The Study Of Biomolecular And Supramolecular Structures And Chemistry, Andrew J. Arslanian

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation expounds on the investigations of the structure and chemistry of peptides and supramolecular host-guest systems in the gas phase. These investigations used two different kinds of analytical instrument: Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) and ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS, IMS). These investigations were complemented by chemical modeling. The FTICR was used to radially trap ions with its 4.7 T magnet, which allowed the ions to undergo sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID). A subsequent event then measured the collision cross sections (σ) of the targeted precursor ion and one of the selected product ions. These …

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Relative Influence Of Precipitation And Grazing On A Salt Desert Shrub Plant Community, Clint A. Stonecipher, Eric Thacker, Michael H. Ralphs Jun 2022

Relative Influence Of Precipitation And Grazing On A Salt Desert Shrub Plant Community, Clint A. Stonecipher, Eric Thacker, Michael H. Ralphs

Western North American Naturalist

Long-term vegetation monitoring is essential to understanding plant responses to both climate and grazing. The objective of this study was to monitor the long-term effects of precipitation on vegetation changes within a salt desert shrub plant community and determine whether grazing by livestock altered the vegetation during this time. The study was located within the Colorado Plateau in southern Utah. Two sites were selected. One exclosure was constructed at each site, and foliar cover was measured inside and outside the exclosure to separate the effect of grazing from precipitation on vegetation change over a 30-year period. Shrubs were the dominant …

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Factors In Word-Final /T/ Reduction And Deletion In German, Kellie C. Busath Jun 2022

Factors In Word-Final /T/ Reduction And Deletion In German, Kellie C. Busath

Theses and Dissertations

Sound reduction and deletion have been studied across many languages for some time. Usage-based approaches suggest that the more often a word is used, the more likely it is that some of the sounds are reduced. Phonetic environment, stress, and speech rate have all been studied as reasons for sound reduction or deletion. Most recently, frequency in reducing context (FRC) has been included when studying sound reduction and deletion. FRC in this thesis measures the portion of word tokens of a given word type that are followed by a reducing context. This thesis focuses on word-final /t/ reduction and deletion …

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Effects Of An External Oscillation Device On Phonation Threshold Pressure (Ptp), Brittany Tiffany Jones Jun 2022

Effects Of An External Oscillation Device On Phonation Threshold Pressure (Ptp), Brittany Tiffany Jones

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of external laryngeal vibration on voice function. The current study was based on a recent pilot study using silicone vocal folds that demonstrated a decrease in phonation threshold pressure (PTP; cmH2O) when an external oscillation was applied to the vocal folds. Using a within-subjects experimental design, a custom external oscillatory device was fitted to the posterior portion of 12 excised pig larynges using a traditional benchtop phonation setup. For each larynx, phonation was elicited during 30 repeated trials, including 15 with and 15 without external oscillation. During the phonation …

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Monitoring Whitebark Pine Stand Health In The Central Washington Cascades, Nancy H. Parra, Teresa J. Lorenz, Taza D. Schaming, Alison Scoville Jun 2022

Monitoring Whitebark Pine Stand Health In The Central Washington Cascades, Nancy H. Parra, Teresa J. Lorenz, Taza D. Schaming, Alison Scoville

Western North American Naturalist

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) plays a vital role in colonizing newly disturbed areas, providing shade for other tree species to germinate, and supplying food for a variety of birds and mammals, such as Clark’s Nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). Decline of whitebark pine populations has been attributed to several factors, including white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks, and fire exclusion. In 2009, the U.S. Forest Service began to install permanent plots in whitebark pine stands in Washington and Oregon as …

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District Leaders' Perception Of Multi-Tiered System Of Supports Implementation: A Qualitative Study, Julia E. Facer Jun 2022

District Leaders' Perception Of Multi-Tiered System Of Supports Implementation: A Qualitative Study, Julia E. Facer

Theses and Dissertations

Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) is a model that can be implemented in school buildings with the support of school district leaders. However, the voices of district leaders involved in MTSS implementation are limited in the research. This study sought to investigate what district leaders perceived as impacting factors towards MTSS implementation and draw conclusions about impacting factors from their opinions. Ten district leaders in a mountain west state of the United States were interviewed via Zoom and had their transcripts analyzed for impacting factors using a form of thematic analysis. All participants were involved with MTSS at their district …

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Full Issue Jun 2022

Full Issue

Journal of Response to Writing

No abstract provided.

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Online Teacher-Student Group Conferences, Betsy Gilliland, Michelle Kunkel, Mitsuko Suzuki Jun 2022

Online Teacher-Student Group Conferences, Betsy Gilliland, Michelle Kunkel, Mitsuko Suzuki

Journal of Response to Writing

No abstract provided.

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Preparing Students To Engage With Teacher Feedback, Grant Eckstein Jun 2022

Preparing Students To Engage With Teacher Feedback, Grant Eckstein

Journal of Response to Writing

No abstract provided.

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Building Response Into Labor-Based Grading Contracts, Kat O'Meara Jun 2022

Building Response Into Labor-Based Grading Contracts, Kat O'Meara

Journal of Response to Writing

No abstract provided.

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Using The “Card” Response Technique To Assist Middle School Students In The Revision Process, Katherine E. Batchelor Jun 2022

Using The “Card” Response Technique To Assist Middle School Students In The Revision Process, Katherine E. Batchelor

Journal of Response to Writing

Although revision is essential to the writing process, it is often neglected in schools. However, when revision is taught successfully, through reflection, conferencing, positive teacher feedback, specific instruction linked to reading strategies, and time between drafts in order for students to think about their writing (including the expectation of multiple drafts), students not only revise more, but at a deeper level. This study investigates how middle school students’ writing drafts as well as attitudes and beliefs toward revision changed based on introducing a specific revision strategy called the CARD response technique, which is both a self-response and peer-response strategy. CARD …

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Improving First- And Second-Year Student Writing Using A Metacognitive And Integrated Assessment Approach, Leanne Havis Jun 2022

Improving First- And Second-Year Student Writing Using A Metacognitive And Integrated Assessment Approach, Leanne Havis

Journal of Response to Writing

Metacognition emphasizes an awareness and understanding of one’s thought and cognitive processes, along with management of cognition through multiple strategies including organizing, monitoring, and adapting. Before students can truly become effective writers, they must develop an appreciation for the amount of planning, organization, and revision that comprises a writing assignment. In order to improve student writing, the exam autopsy approach, an integrated post-exam assessment model that draws upon self-assessment, peer review, and instructor feedback, was modified to include metacognitive components for use with essay exams and writing assignments. The current study employed a mixed-methods design with a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent group …

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Editors' Introdution, Betsy Gilliland, Kat O'Meara Jun 2022

Editors' Introdution, Betsy Gilliland, Kat O'Meara

Journal of Response to Writing

No abstract provided.

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Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (Pots): A Frequently Missed Diagnosis, Aubrey R. George, Blaine A. Winters Jun 2022

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (Pots): A Frequently Missed Diagnosis, Aubrey R. George, Blaine A. Winters

Student Works

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a debilitating chronic illness that involves a sustained tachycardia upon standing and affects millions of patients in the United States alone. POTS is most commonly seen in adolescent females and substantially reduces overall quality of life. In 2019, less than a third of all providers had heard of POTS and patients may wait over a decade for a proper diagnosis and treatment. With the intermittent and variable nature of symptoms, 83% of patients reported being misdiagnosed with a psychological condition before receiving a diagnosis of POTS. Understanding the relationship between autonomic compensation and hemodynamic …

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Understanding Microstructure Heterogeneity In Li-Ion Battery Electrodes Through Localized Measurement Of Ionic Transport, Baichuan Liu Jun 2022

Understanding Microstructure Heterogeneity In Li-Ion Battery Electrodes Through Localized Measurement Of Ionic Transport, Baichuan Liu

Theses and Dissertations

Electrode microstructure influences ionic transport and electronic transport and is a key factor that affects lithium-ion battery performance. Non-uniform microstructure or heterogeneity in battery electrodes has long been observed and leads to non-uniform transport properties. This work provides a better understanding of in-plane heterogeneity at millimeter length scale and through-plane heterogeneity at micrometer length scale, through a combination of experiment and modeling. The first part of this work develops the aperture probe technique, which is an experimental method and associated model to locally estimate ionic transport, represented by MacMullin number, in the electrode. By generating contour maps of MacMullin number, …

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Modeling Inter-Particle Magnetic Correlations In Magnetite Nanoparticle Assemblies Using X-Ray Magnetic Scattering Data, Johnathon Michael Rackham Jun 2022

Modeling Inter-Particle Magnetic Correlations In Magnetite Nanoparticle Assemblies Using X-Ray Magnetic Scattering Data, Johnathon Michael Rackham

Theses and Dissertations

Magnetic nanoparticles are used in nanotechnologies and biomedical applications, such as drug targeting, hyperthermia, MRI contrasting agents, and bio-separation of compound solutions. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles stand to be effective in these roles due to the non-toxic nature of magnetite and its ease of manufacture. To this end, a greater understanding of the magnetic behavior of the individual magnetite nanoparticles is needed when a collection of them is used. This research seeks to discover the local magnetic ordering of ensembles of magnetite nanoparticles at various stages of the magnetization process, temperatures above and below their blocking temperature, and for various particle …

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Material Development Toward An Index-Matched Gadolinium-Based Heterogenous Capture-Gated Neutron Detector, Aaron J. Thorum Jun 2022

Material Development Toward An Index-Matched Gadolinium-Based Heterogenous Capture-Gated Neutron Detector, Aaron J. Thorum

Theses and Dissertations

Neutron detection is important in several fields, especially detection of illicit nuclear material. Historically, 3He has been the basis for these technologies. Modern realities have necessitated the development of new technologies and the exploration of new materials to meet this need. One potential solution is known as capture-gating, which is a measurement approach that is good at differentiating between incident neutrons and gamma rays. The key issue is that materials used in current capture-gating devices can suffer from poor optical performance. This is due to the fact that the these detectors, whether composed of a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture of …

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Design And Development Of A Dynamic Web App Library For Hydroshare, Alexander Hart Henrichsen Jun 2022

Design And Development Of A Dynamic Web App Library For Hydroshare, Alexander Hart Henrichsen

Theses and Dissertations

This paper documents the design and creation of an App Library for HydroShare water resources data and software discovery and sharing system. This App Library was developed to simplify the discovery process for using environmental web applications and to lower hosting requirements for such a repository. To accomplish this goal, I created the HydroShare App Library as a standalone web application using the React JavaScript framework. The App Library application uses the existing HydroShare resource connectors to allow the registration of all web applications within the App Library without having external software requirements. This allows the HydroShare App Library to …

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Development Of Cooperative Catalytic Systems And Bimetallic Catalysts For Organic Synthesis, Kelton Guy Forson Jun 2022

Development Of Cooperative Catalytic Systems And Bimetallic Catalysts For Organic Synthesis, Kelton Guy Forson

Theses and Dissertations

The development of new catalysts for organic synthesis is an important pursuit that enables the discovery of new and more efficient reactions and the identification of new reaction mechanisms. Cooperative catalytic systems and bimetallic catalysts represent unique approaches to catalyst development that achieve reactivity that cannot be obtained with a single catalyst or metal. These types of catalysts can activate substrates in unique ways, facilitate reactions under mild conditions, increase substrate scope, and provide access to completely new transformations. The first part of this work describes the development of a cooperative nickel-titanium-catalyzed amination of allylic alcohols. The cooperative effects of …

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