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Summer Food Habits Of A Small Mammal Community In The Pinyon-Juniper Ecosystem, Jonathan B. Haufler, Julius G. Nagy

Great Basin Naturalist

Summer food habits of a small mammal community in the Piceance Basin of Colorado were investigated during 1977 and 1978 using a combination of fecal and stomach content analyses. Three species, deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), least chipmunks (Eutamias minimus), and plains pocket mice (Perognathus flavescens) consumed arthropods as the majority of their diets. Bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea) consumed predominantly woody vegetation, and the diet of golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis) consisted primarily of forbs and fungi. Mountain cottontails (Sylvilagus nuttalli) depended heavily on grasses, with a mix of …

Body Fat, Body Water, And Total Caloric Value Of Uinta Ground Squirrels, James A. Gessaman

Great Basin Naturalist

The weight of body water and fat-free dry weight of Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus) is given as a function of body weight. Body fat is presented as a function of body weight and body length. An equation for calculating the total caloric content of Uinta ground squirrels is given. Fat index (weight of fat/fat-free dry weight) values of juveniles increased from 0.11 to 0.22 from 5 June to 28 July. In male yearlings and adults the fat index increased about 8 to 9 times in the latter half of June and early July.

Fat Depth At The Xiphoid Process—A Rapid Index To Deer Condition, Dennis D. Austin

Great Basin Naturalist

Measurement of the fat depth adjacent to the xiphoid process is described for mule deer. The index was determined sensitive to changes in physical condition of hunter-harvested mule deer.

End Matter, Vol. 44 No. 1

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Emergence Of Adult Pandora Moths In Arizona, J. M. Schmid

Great Basin Naturalist

Adult pandora moths began emerging in late July, and peak daily emergence occurred during 10–15 August. The mean density of moths emerging per 929 cm² of ground surface ranged from 0.1 to 2.4. The ratio of emerging males to females varied from 3–4:1 during the initial days of emergence to 1:1.5 during the last 10 days of August. Postemergence behavior is described and discussed in relation to egg mass deposition and species survival.

Autumn And Winter Food Habits Of Bobcats In Washington State, Steven T. Knick, Steven J. Sweeney, J. Richard Alldredge, J. David Brittell

Great Basin Naturalist

The stomach contents were examined from 324 western Washington bobcats (Felis rufus) and 123 from eastern Washington taken by hunters from 1976 through 1980, for major prey items as well as sex- and age-related differences in diet. Western Washington bobcats ate primarily mountain beavers (Aplodontia rufa) (42% occurrence) and snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) (26%). Within that population females ate larger quantities of smaller prey such as Douglas squirrels (Tamiasciurus douglasi) and lesser amounts of deer (Odocoileus sp.) than males. Bobcat diets in eastern Washington were more diverse; main foods consisted of …

Utah Flora: Cactaceae, Stanley L. Welsh

Great Basin Naturalist

The Cactaceae of Utah are revised. Keys to genera, species, and infraspecific taxa are provided. The taxa are provided with descriptions and geographical and other pertinent data. New nomenclatural combinations include Sclerocactus pubispinus (Englem.) L. Benson var. spinosior (Engelm.) Welsh and Sclerocactus whipplei (Englem.) Britt. & Rose var. glaucus (K. Schum.) Welsh.

Checklist Of Tiger Beetles From Idaho (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), Gary A. Shook

Great Basin Naturalist

Sixteen species of tiger beetles are listed for Idaho, along with the counties of occurrence for each species. Three species are placed in a checklist of Idaho species for the first time: Cicindela depressula depressula Casey, Cicindela parowana wallisi Calder, and Cicindela decemnotata decemnotata Say.

New Records Of Diatoms From Blue Lake Warm Spring, Tooele County, Utah, Samuel R. Rushforth, Irena Kaczmarska

Great Basin Naturalist

Blue Lake Warm Spring in Tooele County, Utah, contains a rich diatom flora with a significant number of taxa that are unusual in this region. We have identified a total of 136 taxa in our samples from this locality, several of which are new records for Utah and North America.

Orientation And Slope Preference In Barrel Cactus (Ferocactus Acanthodes) At Its Northern Distribution Limit, James Ehleringer, Donna House

Great Basin Naturalist

Microsite distribution and diurnal tissue temperature fluctuations were measured in Ferocactus acanthodes (barrel cactus) at its northern distribution limit in the Beaver Dam Mountains of southwestern Utah. At this location, barrel cacti were limited to south-facing slopes. Orientation (azimuth and angle) of both the cactus stem and of the apical region at the top of the cactus were nonrandom, strongly facing south. The potential adaptive significance of this orientation in minimizing apical meristematic tissue damage under low wintertime conditions and minimizing high temperature damage under summertime conditions is discussed.

A Survey And Assessment Of The Rare Vascular Plants Of The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Site, Anita F. Cholewa, Douglass M. Henderson

Great Basin Naturalist

A two-year study of the rare vascular plants of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory generated new data on the abundance, distribution, and habitat features of eight taxa presently under review at either the federal or state level, or recently proposed for such review. Astragalus ceramicus Sheld. var. apus Barneby is common on the INEL and adjacent areas and will be recommended for removal from further consideration at the federal level and placed on Idaho's Federal Watch List. Coryphanta missouriensis (Sweet) Britt. & Rose is common throughout east central Idaho, but will be recommended for retainment on the State Watch List. …

Methods And Materials For Capturing And Monitoring Flammulated Owls, Richard T. Reynolds, Brian D. Linkhart

Great Basin Naturalist

Techniques for locating, capturing, and monitoring activities and movements of Flammulated Owls were developed during four years of study. Adults responded to imitated territorial song throughout the nesting season. Nests were found by noting vocalizations and behaviors associated with courtship-feeding and food transfers between the sexes. After fledging, broods were difficult to follow, unless the young or adults were radio-tagged. Adults and young were captured with noose poles, hoop nets, and mist nets. Backpack harnesses and tail-mounted transmitters were used on adults and backpacks on fledglings. Transmitter life was 30–40 nights.

Centric Diatoms Of Lake Tahoe, Albert D. Mahood, Robert D. Thomson, Charles R. Goldman

Great Basin Naturalist

An understanding of the mechanisms of phytoplankton species interaction is dependent on a precise knowledge of what species exist within the community. The centric diatoms of Lake Tahoe, California–Nevada, which are often the dominant component of the phytoplankton community, are presented in both light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs. Specific attention has been given to initial cell forms of Cyclotella stelligera Cleve and Grunow and C. comta (Ehrenberg) Kützing through the aid of the SEM.

New Synonymy And New Species Of American Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part X, Stephen L. Wood

Great Basin Naturalist

The following species are named as new to science from Mexico: Corthylus exiguus, lustratus, micacirrus, Dendrocranulus sobrinus, Dendroterus fossifrons, modicus, Gnathotrichus alniphagus, Hylocurus dissimilis, micaceus, scitulus, secus, Phloeoterus burserae, Pseudothysanoes mandibularis, simplex, squameus, truncatus. The genus Phloeoterus, with P. burserae as the type-species, is also named as new.

Multiple Ectopic Limbs In A Wild Population Of Hyla Regilla, Timothy D. Reynolds, Trent D. Stephens

Great Basin Naturalist

A wild population of Pacific tree frogs (Hyla regilla) in Idaho exhibited a high incidence (22%) of hind limb abnormalities. This situation is discussed with reference to similar occurrences reported for isolated populations of the species in the Pacific Northwest.

Full Issue, Vol. 44 No. 1

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Late Quaternary Plant Zonation And Climate In Southeastern Utah, Julio L. Betancourt

Great Basin Naturalist

Plant macrofossils from packrat middens in two southeastern Utah caves outline development of modern plant zonation from the late Wisconsin. Allen Canyon Cave (2195 m) and Fishmouth Cave (1585 m) are located along a continuous gradient of outcropping Navajo Sandstone that extends from the Abajo Mountains south to the San Juan River. By holding the site constant, changes in the floral composition for a plot of less than one hectare can be observed, even if sporadically, over tens of millennia. At Allen Canyon Cave, Engelmann spruce-alpine fir forest was replaced by the present vegetation consisting of pinyon-juniper woodland on exposed …

Warm Water Aquaculture Using Waste Heat And Water From Zero Discharge Power Plants In The Great Basin, Richard A. Heckmann, Robert N. Winget, Rex C. Infanger, Roger W. Mickelsen, John M. Hendersen

Great Basin Naturalist

Two series of experiments were completed to determine (a) toxicity of waste water from power plants on warm water fish and (b) multiple use of waste heat and water for aquatic animal and plant production. All three types of waste water from a typical coal-fired power plant are acceptable for growing catfish and tilapia following aeration. This growth was compared with fish raised in spring water. Closed, recirculating polyculture systems using evaporation pond water operated efficiently for plant (duckweed) and animal (fish and freshwater prawns) production. Duckweed is an excellent supplement for fish feed. Tilapia and freshwater prawns grew rapidly …

Shrub Research Consortium Formed, Arthur R. Tiedemann

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Nodulation And Acetylene Reduction By Two Legumes With Rhizobia Indigenous To Northern Great Basin Soils, M. D. Rumbaugh, D. A. Johnson

Great Basin Naturalist

Medicago sativa L. and Hedysarum boreale Nutt. were grown in the greenhouse on soils representing 27 of the major soil associations of the northern Great Basin. Nodulation of Medicago sativa L. by indigenous rhizobia occurred with 25 of the soil associations and of Hedysarum boreale Nutt. with 21 of these soil associations. Nitrogen fixation, as indicated by acetylene reduction activity, was greater for Medicago sativa L. than for Hedysarum boreale Nutt. for most of the soil associations. Multiple regression functions incorporating 49 independent climatic, edaphic, and vegetation variables failed to predict acetylene reduction activity with satisfactory precision.

Plague In Pine Martens And The Fleas Associated With Its Occurrence, W. J. Zielinski

Great Basin Naturalist

Thirteen pine martens (Martes Americana) were sampled periodically from July 1979 to September 1980 for plague (Yersinia pestis) antibodies and their fleas collected and identified. Four individuals were positive for plague antibodies on 8 of 24 sampling occasions. Titer peaks in these individuals occurred simultaneously in early winter but fell to undetectable levels by late spring. A chipmunk flea (Monopsyllus ciliatus) was the most common ectoparasite constituting 55% of all individuals collected. Thirty-one percent of all fleas belonged to Chaetopsylla floridensis, a species previously unreported in California. The remains of ground-dwelling sciurids (chipmunks, Eutamias …

Host Tissue Response For Trout Infected With Diphyllobothrium Cordiceps Larvae, Terry N. Otto, Richard A. Heckmann

Great Basin Naturalist

Diphyllobothrium cordiceps (Leidy 1871) plerocercoids are present as enzootic parasites in the viscera and skeletal muscle of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) from Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Eight cutthroat trout from the Yellowstone River were examined by histological technique and scanning electron microscopy to determine the response of host tissue to the presence of diphyllobothriid larvae. All fish sampled contained encysted plerocercoids on the serosa of the pyloric caeca and intestine. In addition to infection of the exterior of the alimentary tract, muscle tissue was infected in two of the fish sampled, whereas one fish had infection of the …

Size And Seasonal Activity Patterns Of Abundant Sympatric Spider Species In Cache County, Utah, James V. Robinson

Great Basin Naturalist

Of the eight most frequently collected spiders at a northern Utah study site, each of two species employed one of the following hunting strategies: pursuing, web building, jumping, and ambushing. Within each pair, size differences between species were substantial for all but the ambushers. The ambushers had different seasonal activity patterns, as did the web builders.

Diatoms In Recent Bottom Sediments And Trophic Status Of Eight Lakes And Reservoirs In Northeastern Utah, Judith A. Grimes, Samuel R. Rushforth, Jack D. Brotherson, William E. Evenson

Great Basin Naturalist

Recent bottom sediments of eight lakes and reservoirs in northeastern Utah were examined. One hundred and sixty-four diatom taxa were identified and their relative abundances determined. Seven stand associations were evident by cluster analysis of similarity indices. These association patterns mirrored trophic status of the waters. Shannon–Wiener species diversity values were also determined. The diversities fell in patterns that were similar to the stand associations determined by cluster analysis. The most prevalent diatom taxa encountered in this study were found mostly in eutrophic waters. These taxa included Stephanodiscus astraea, Stephanodiscus astraea var. minutula, Asterionella formosa, and Fragilaria crotonensis. A wide …

Front Matter, Vol. 44 No. 1

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

One Wine In New Bottles: Thomas Blenerhasset's Elizabethan Shepherds' Pageant, Lynn Staley Johnson

Quidditas

Though it would be impossible to claim for Thomas Blenerhasset's A Revelation of the true Minerva (15820 a place among the major works of Elizabethan literature, the poem deserves more than the cursory references it sometimes receives as an early indication of the influence of The Shepheardes Calender (1579) upon English verse. Not only does Blenerhasset's narrative poem suggest ways in which an alert and cultivated reader might respond to Spenser's first published poem, but A Revelation contains tantalizing clues to that rare metamorphosis accomplished by English writers in the reign of Elizabeth, a process by which Tudor poets, like …

"Use And Abuse" In Romeo And Juliet, Maurice Hunt

Quidditas

Near the midpoint of Romeo and Juliet, Friar Laurence formulates an authoritative-sounding concept which seemingly lends itself to interpreting tragedy. Gathering "baleful weeds" and "precious juiced flowers," the Friar states that everything earthly has a virtuous use and a potential abuse:

O, mickle is the powerful grace that lies

In plants, herbs, stones, and their true qualities.

For naught so vile that on the earth doth live

But too the earth some special good doth give;

Nor aught so good but, strain'd from that fair use,

Revolts from true birth, stumbling on abuse.

Virtue itself turns vice being misapplied, …

So I'M Going To Do You A Favor, Andrew Olsen

Inscape

No abstract provided.

For The Drunken Lover, Steven Wallace

Inscape

No abstract provided.

Against The Dying Of The Light, Clark Harlow

Inscape

No abstract provided.